THLTC TIJN - KINH NGHieiW ^
MOT SdXU Hl/dNG NOI BAT CUA THE GI6I DO DAI DICH COVID-19 VA NHUfNG TAC DONG
DOI Vdi VIET NAM TRONG THdl GIAN T 6 |
• PGS, TSKH TRAN NGUYEN TUVfeN Hoi dong Ly lug.n Trung uang
• Torn tdt: Dich binh COVID-19 khdi phdt tU Trung Quoc (thdng 12-2019) den nay da lan rdng ra cdc quoc gia va trd thdnh dai dich nguy hiem, tdc dpng sau rpng tdi tdt cd cdc Unh vUc kinh te, chinh tri, xd hpi, y ti, qud trinh todn cdu hda... doi vdi sUphdt trien todn the gidi hiin nay vd trong thdi gian tdi. Theo long ThUky Lien Hdp quoc Antonio Guterres, tdc dpng cua dai dich COVID-19 Id thdch thiic ldn nhdt md the gidi phdi ddi mat ki tti sau Chien tranh the gidi ldn thUhai. Bdi viet tap trungphdn tich, ddnhgid vd dUhdo mpt sSxu hudng noi bat cua tinh hinh the gidi qua dai dich COVID-19 vd nhiing tdc dpng doi vdi muc tieu phdt trien nhanh vd ben vUng cua Viit Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
• Tiikhda: Dai dich COVID-19, JMuc tieuphdt trien nhanh vd ben vUng VietNam.
1. M^t sh xu hinhig n6i b3t cda th^ gidl qua dai dich COVID-19
Tdc dpng ciia dai dich COVID-19 ddi vdi tiie gidi theo Tdng thu ky Lien Hgp qudc Antonio Guterres hien nay la thach thiic ldn nhat ma the gidi phai ddi mat ke tir sau Chign ttanh The gidi thii II. Dai dieh diln ra ttong bdi eanh thg gidi dang phdi ddi mat vdi nhidu khd khdn thdch thiic, bat dn. Ldn ddu tidn, cde nudc tren thd gidi phai dp dyng cdc bien phap chua timg ed nhu phong tda, gidn cdch xd hOi, ddng ciia bien gidi, tam dvmg nhigu boat dOng dich vu nhu hdng khdng, du lieh... Kinh tg thg gidi bl tde dpng hgt siic nghidm trpng do gidn doan cde
boat dpng kmh tg, lam dut gay chudi sdn xudt va cung ling. Dai dich ed thg dan ddn mdt cudc suy thodi kinh tg tdi te nhat ttong lich sii hien dai. Khiing hoang kinh te Iam cho khung hodng xd hdi them ttam ttpng, su bat binh ddng xd hpi, phan hda giau ngheo, mdu thuan chinh tri gia tang tai nhidu nudc. Tien trinh toan cau hda dang gdp them nhieu khd khan ttd ngai. Canh tranh chien luge giiia cdc nudc ldn, nhat la quan he Trung - My didn ra ngay cang gay gdt, phiic tap.
Chu nghia dan tdc, ehii nghia ddn tiiy, chii nghia cudng quyen, chii nghia bao hp, ehu nghia thuc dyng cd xu hudng phat tridn ddn ddn su suy
LyLUANCHfNHTR!-So10/2020
^ THl/CTIJN - KINH NGHIEM
giam vai ttd cua nhidu the chg da phuong. An nmh phi tmyen thdng ngay cdng ttd thdnh van dg cap bdch ddi hdi phai cd su hop tdc giua cdc qude gia.
Cd the khdi qudt mdt sd xu hudng ndi bat ciia thd gidi do dai dich COVID-19 nhu sau:
Kinh ti thi gidi suy tboiiv^dur^trudv: nguy ca khung hoingn^Bm trgng, ddng thdi vdixu hudnggia tSngbitdn cbinh tri -^hdi
Do dich COVID-19, kmh te todn edu sau 6 thang dau ndm 2020 dupe nhan dinh da budc vdo mpt cudc suy thodi tdi te hon so vdi cudc khiing hodng tdi chmh 2008 - 2009. Trong bdo eao cdng bd ngay 24-6-2020, Quy Tidn te qudc te (IMF) dd bdo dOng dai dich COVID-19 da tdc ddng dgn tdt ca mpi khu vue dia ly trgn toan cau, khien GDP cua the gidi thap ban, giam 4,9% so vdi ndm 2019, thdp hon rat nhigu so vdi miic -1,7% ciia eude khung hoang tai ehinh ndm 2008; dai dich COVID-19 da cudn ttdi 12.000 ty USD cua cdi trdn thd gidi. Td chiic Hgp tac va Phat trign kmh te (OECD) cdn du bdo ngu COVID-19 biing phat Ian tiiu 2, GDP toan cau cd the giam -7,6%'".
Kinh tg thg gidi theo du bdo se khdi phyc chdm, keo ddi va khdng ddng deu d cdc khu vuc bai suy thoai kinh tg diln ra ttong bdi canh nhilu nhdn td gdy khd khdn bat dn eung tdc dgng nhu canh tranh chien luge, canh ttanh thuang mai giiia cdc nude ldn gia tang, bien dgng gia dau md qudc td, tdc ddng eiia bien ddi khi hdu, nudc bidn dang, cac dau tau kinh tg nhu nhdm cac nudc G7, G20 deu gap khd khdn... Nhuvay, kha ndng kinh te thg gidi phyc hdi theo hinh ehii V la khd cd thg xay ra, nhieu khd ndng chi cd thg phuc hdi theo hinh chii U, tiic la tir hi di len, ngay ca phuang an nay ciing khdng dl dang, bdi cde try cdt kinh te thg gidi deu gdp khd khdn.
Tai My, ca quan nghidn ciiu kuih te qudc gia My cho bigt, nen kmh te nudc nay da kdt thiic giai doan tdng trudng dai nhdt ttong Uch sii vd roi vao suy thoai ttong thdng 2, do anh hudng ciia dai dich COVID-19. Ngn kinh tgsd 1 the gidi dy bdo se gidm 8% GDP ttong ndm nay.
Tai Lien minh chau Au, biic tranh kinh tg cung xudt hien mdt loat khd khan khi dieh benh diln bien nghiem ttpng d tat ca cdc ngn kinh te ehu ehdt d chau lyc. Ngn kinh tg Euro- zone GDP dd gidm 3,8% ttong quy I nam 2020 ttong khi san xuat kinh doanh dmh tte la miic giam Slit ldn nhdt kg tii nam 1995. GDP ciia 19 nudc thanh vien Eurozone udc giam hon 10%
ttong nam nay.
Tai Trung Qudc, dich benh du dd dugc kigm sodt song tdc dgng nghiem ttpng vi kinh tg da bdc Id rd hon. Kmh tg Trung Qudc suy gidm 6,8%
ttong quy I nam 2020, dupe du bdo chi tdng 1,3%
ttong quy II nam 2020. nhieu kha ndng se gidm tdc dp tang trudng tir 6,9% nam 2019 roi xudng cdn 1% trong ndm nay. Dich bdnh bung phdt ttong hdi eanh Tnmg Qudc ehiu tdc ddng ciia chign ttanh thuang mai vdi My, bdt 6n vl chinh tri, xd hpi (d Hdng Kdng).
Tai Nhdt Ban, dudi tac ddng eiia dai dich COVID-19, kinh te Nhat Ban da lan dau tien roi vao suy thodi ke tir ndm 2015, tang trudng am hai quy lien tiep; tdt ca cdc yeu td tir tieu dimg tir nhdn, chi tidu vdn va xudt khau ddu ghi nhan su giam Slit.
Dai dieh COVID-19 ciing tdc dgng ndng nl den kmh tg ede nude /^EAN, IMF du bdo tdng tnrdng GDP ciia ede nudc ASEAN sg giam 0,6%
ttong ndm 2020.
Theo bdo cdo ddnh gid sabd ciia Td chiie Lao ddng qude tg (ILO): cude khung hoang kmh td vd lao ddng do dieh COVID-19 gay ra cd the lam tang them 25 trieu ngudi that n ^ e p uen toan
LV LUAN CHtNH TR! - So 10/2020
cdu, so vdi sd lupng thdt nghidp la 188 trieu ttong nam 2019'^'.
Dgi dich dd gay ra nhung hdu qud nang ng lam phiic tap thgm cac vdn dg ehinh tri - xa hdi eiia tiing qudc gia cung nhu nhirng vdn de d phamvi todn edu.
5ir chu^n dich /dn cda chudi cung Ong todn ciu
Tnrdc dai dich, xu hudng dich chuyen chuoi cung ling theo hudng gidm bdt su Id thudc vdo Trung Qudc da xuat hien do tac ddng ciia chidn ttanh thuong m^, chu nghia dan tdc ndi Idn va quan hg xau di giiia My vd Tnmg Qudc. Dai dich COVID-19 bung phat thiic ddy cdc nudc phdt trign, digu chinh manh hon vide dieh chuydn cde chudi cung ung ra khdi Trung Qude, ddng thdi ndng cao ndng lue tu chii doi vdi cae mat hang thigt ygu, cd tinh chign lupe eao vd ehu trpng hon ddn viec khai thac tdi da thi trudng ndi dia.
Sdp tdi, cac qudc gia se tim cdch gidm thieu su phu thuOc vao mdt thi trudng, ldm thay ddi quan he thuang mai todn cdu.
Diy nhanh hinh thdnh vi cdch tiip can mdi vi toin ciu hda
Tign trinh toan cdu hda dd cd xu hudng ehirng lai, phai ddi mat vdi nhieu thdch thiic, dac biet la sy gia tdng eua ehu nghia dan tde, chu nghia don phuong, xu hudng bao hd, canh ttanh nudc ldn. Trong bdi eanh mdi, eac nude dieu chinh each tigp can mdi ddi vdi tidn trinh toan cau hda vdi cdc bien phap hdi nhap nhdm ban ehe nil ro, do su tuy thude ldn nhau giiia eac ndn kinh tg.
Vdn dg bidn gidi va chii quygn se dupe ehii ttpng hon ttong quan h§ kinh td, ciing nhu vdn dg bao v^ siic khde cpng ddng.
Trong bdi canh mdi, todn cau hda khdng bi cdo chung md van la xu thd khdeh quan ttong digu kien mdi cdn cd nhiing ludt choi mdi phii hop.
Thdc <^y cudc Cich m^ngCdngn^dp 4.0
Cudc Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0 phdt trign khd manh, ede nude chii ttpng hon ddu tu, thuc day, ling dung cae edng nghe phii hgp thich iing vdi mdi tnrdng xa hdi, giam tiep xiic vd gidm sdt, quan ly xd hdi. Viee thue hien chmh phii dien ni, thuang mai dign tu, lam viec true tuydn tai nhd, hgp true tuydn tir xa, khdm ehiia benh tii xa;
edng nghe 5G, SG, cdng nghe tu ddng hda, tri tue nhan tao, edng nghe nano da ed budc phat tiidn nhay vpt. Cdeh mang khoa hoc cdng nghe dang lam thay ddi thd gidi vg mpi phuong dien, cac nudc cung sg day manh cdc bien phdp edng nghd nhdm h ^ che nguy co thach thiie vg an ninh mang, an ninh phi tmyen thdng.
Xu hudng tieu dung, thuong mai vd xu thg phdt triln se thay ddi. Xudt hien cdc nganh nghd kmh doanh trye tuyen mdi dya tten kmh tg sd, theo nguyen tdc tir xa, han che tidp xue.
Thay dSinh$n thdc vi quin tri qudc ff a Thuc tiln thiic day cac nudc nhdn thiic lai vg vai trd cua nha nudc vd mdi quan he eua nha nudc vdi thi trudng vd xa hdi nhdm bao dam kha nang xii Iy hieu qua eae cugc khung hoang.
Nhan thiie vg gia tri, muc tieu va phuang thiic phdt tridn, dap iing nhu cdu thye te cua con ngudi, giam thieu su phy thudc tir ben ngoai ttong eac linh vue thiet yeu; mdi quan he cdng - tu; mdi quan he giiia quyen tu do cd nhan vd lgi Ich cdng ddng, bao dam cdc quyen chmh dang eiia cd nhdn vdi lgi ich cdng ddng, xd hdi, Theo dd, siic khde cdng ddng dupe ddt len tnrdc, eao han quyen tu do ca nhdn.
Diy nhanh dinh hinh l^i md hinh quin tri toin ciu
Trong nhiing nam qua, eac dinh chd qudc te chii chdt da khdng phdt huy hieu qua vai ttd quan tri toan cdu do mdu thudn sau sdc giiia cdc nudc ldn cling nhu sy bat cap, han chg ciia nhiing dinh che nay. Dai dieh lan ndy da bde Id
LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-S610/2020
^ THlfCTIJN - KINH NGHIIM
nhiing yeu kem ttdn, ddc biet id su thieu hieu qua ttong phdi hpp qudc te ttong viec ddi phd vdi dich bgnh.
Dai dieh eiing bdc Id nhiing khiem khuygt ldn ttong cde co chg qudn tri toan cau, khu vuc, kg ca Lien Hpp qudc, ddng thdi cho thay thg gidi ca ban van van hanh ttdn cdc nguyen tdc de cao lgi ich qude gia - dan tdc vi k^. Digu nay gdn Udn vdi viec gia tang ciia xu hudng chu nghia bao hd, chii nghia dan tiiy, chu nghia cudng quyen, chu n ^ a thye dyng, dan den sy suy gjam cua nhieu thg chd da phuang. Do vdy, trong thdi gian tdi, vai ttd cdc dinh ehd qude tg se bi thdch thiic rdt ldn, thiie day xu hudng eai edeh cac dinh chg qudc td, hd ttp eho quan tri toan cau, khdc phyc nhiing yeu kem hoc Id ttong thdi gian qua.
Chuyin dich quyin l^c, cliinh sidi vi d0ng thii mdi cda cic nudc ldn, nhit Ii quan h$
Trung-My
Tir ndm 2016 ddn nay, da cd mdt sd thay ddi nhu: My tigp tuc la sign eudng duy nhat, nhung Tnmg Qudc dang nit ngdn khoang cdch tten nhigu mdt, cd vl lupng va chat (kmh td, khoa hpc va cdng nghe, bdng sdng chg...), tao ra cyc dien da cue, da trung tdm nhung phdn bd quyln luc khdng dgu; ceuih ttanh chign luge giiia My va Tnmg Qudc ngay cang gia tdng, ttong eac Unh vue kinh te, qudn su, thi trudng, cdng nghd, sd hiiu tri tue... khdng chi ttong khu vuc chdu A - Thai Binh Duang ma cdn md rdng sang cde dia bdn khde. Canh ttanh chien luge My - Tnmg hien dang cd bieu hien ciia chidn ttanh lanh.
Trong cudc canh ttanh chidn lupc nay khdng cd ngudi chidn thdng, ca hai dgu hi thiet hai, ddn tdn cdng ciia My khdng lam Trung Qudc sup do, trir ygu td ndi bd ciia Trung Qude; kha ndng tir canh ttanh chidn luge Trung - My it cd khd nang tao ra chign ttanh quy md ldn, chien ttanh khu vyc, chidn ttanh tdng lyc (do rdn de hat nhdn,
chi phi chien ttanh qud cao, cd nhieu phuong each dg dat loi ich qudc gia ma khdng can qua chign ttanh) nhung Iai tang nguy ca giai quygt mdu thudn 6 ngoai vi (vdn dg Bign Ddng. chidn ttanh mang...). Xu thg eanh ttanh chien lupc My - Trung se ngay eang quyet hgt, todn dien hon.
Cyc dien "ttanh hiing" mang tinh thd ky gjiia cde nudc Idn nay smh tu truac khi dai dich biing phdt se tigp diln ldu dai vdi dO thang ttam khdc rtiiau. Vdi tdc ddng ciia diln bign tten, mOt sd cdu tnic chinh tri, an mnh qudc tg se thay ddi;
tinh hinh mOt so khu vuc ttong do cd Bign Ddng ngay eang phiie tap; cde dai chidn lupc nhu
"mpt vanh dai, mdt eon dirdng", "An Dd Duong - Thai Bmh Duong tu do rdng md" se tidp tyc tdc ddng; can cd nghien ciiu sau hon dl du bdo cyc didn, trat tu the gidi 5-10 ndm sau dai dich COVID-19, trong dd quan ttpng la cdc khia canh: Ueu cue didn, ttat ty the gidi cd cdn do My va phuong Tay chi phdi hay khdng hay se la mpt ttat tu that su da cue; My Ueu dd kgt thiic vai ttd lanh dao ehua?...
Vg Unh vue eanh ttanh giiia cdc nudc ldn, cdc ygu td mdi can dugc nhan manh la canh ttanh tri thiic, thdng tin, dii Ueu va edng nghg, Id cdc Unh vyc cd tinh chdt ngdy cang quydt dinh ddi vdi siic manh tdng hpp qudc gia.
Vin dian ninbphi truyin th6ag(mdi trudng, sinh thii, dich binh, biin ddikblh$u, an ninh m^ng...} diin biin phdc t^p
Cdc thdch thiie an ninh phi tmygn thdng dang vd sg duge uu tidn cap hon ttong nghi trinh ciia cdc qudc gia. Hudng uu tien se duge thg hien 6 chd cdc chien lupc an nmh phdt trien eiia ede nude sg can toan dien, bao trum, ben vung, tiJ cudng, cd khd ndng chdng sdc tdt ban, cae quygt sdch vira can the hien tdm nhin xa, vira phai nhanh nhay, sdc ben kip tiidi, ttudc hdt bao ddm an ninh, an toan va sinh ke cho ngudi ddn.
LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-S610/2020
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Tranh co dong phong chong COVID-19 a mot diim nut giao thong cita Hd Noi _ Anh: TTXVN
Hdu het cdc vdn dl an nmh phi tmygn thdng deu mang tinh ehdt xuyen qude gia va vuot ra ngodi kha ndng gidi quyet ciia bdt ky qudc gia ndo, ddi hdi sund lire hpp tdc ciia tdt ca cac nudc ttong khu vuc va cdng ddng qude td.
2. T^c d^ng ciia cac xu th^ mdi doi vdi myc tieu phat trien nhanh va ben vung cua Vift Nam trong thod gian tdi
Vdi ndn kinh tg cd dp md rdt cao va dang hdi nhlip qudc tg sdu rdng, da ky 12 Hiep dinh tu do thdhe mdi vdi cdc ddi tdc vd td chiic qudc te, Viet Nam sg chiu tac ddng manh tir rtiiiing gi dang dign ra ttong nen kinh td todn cau.
Vicabpi
Trong bdi ednh thd gidi cd nhilu bign ddng nhung Viet Nam vdn giii dupe nin tang ehinh tri vd mdi trudng kinh tg vi md dn dinh. Nhdn td nay kgt hgp vdi su phdt ttign quan he ciia Viet Nam vdi cac ddi tde chidn lupe, quan he song phuang va da phuang rdng md, nhiing thanh
tuu ve phdt tridn kinh te - xa hdi tidp tyc giiip Viet Nam la diem sdng hdp dan nhieu mat ddi vdi cdc ddi tac. qua do giam thidu, hda giai cdc mat ddi tupng. Kha nang xii ly khiing hoang COVID-19 thanh cdng viia qua ldm tdng vi the qudc te va hmh anh cua Viet Nam la mdt ddi tdc tin cay, diem den an todn ttong nhiing ndm tdi.
Tinh hinh qudc te tdc ddng thudn ddi vdi Viet Nam tten cac gdc dp: (i) Gia tang vai trd vj the cua Viet Nam tren trudng qudc tg; (ii) Tao ca hpi thudn lgi eho viec thiic day quan he chien luge giiia Vidt Nam vdi ede nudc ldn len tdm eao mdi; (in) Tdng vi thd eiia Viet Nam ttong viec ttd thdnh dau mdi eiia ede nd luc hpp tde vd Uen kgt kinh te ttong khu vuc va tten the gidi. Tao digu kien cho Viet Nam tham gia chuoi san xuat va cung iing khu vuc va todn edu mdi. Nhd chdng dieh thanh edng, nudc ta ed khdng it lgi the trong viee phue hdi kinh te. Mdt ttong nhiing CO hdi mdi ddi vdi ta Id xu hudng chuyen dich
LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 10/2020
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THl/CTliN-KINH NGHIEM cac CO sd san xudt sang Ddng Nam A, ttong dd Viet Nam dupe eoi la mdt ttong nhirng digm den uu tign.Thich thuc
Ben canh thdi ca, Viet Nam ciing gap thdch thiic to ldn se gap khd khan han do myc tieu tang ttudng 7% giai doan 2021-2025 sg khdng de thuc hien ttong bdi canh mdi trudng phdt tridn ed xu hirdng xdu di. Chung ta phai chdp nhan va chuan hi ngudn luc, bidn phap ling phd vdi cac tinh hudng bdt dinh mdi se ngay cang nhieu;
phai iing phd vdi mdi trudng dia chidn luge nay shih, nhiing phiie tap ngodi tam kigm soat (canh ttanh My - Trung, cdc nen tang kinh tg, chinh tri, qudn tti todn cdu gap khd khan). Nhilu thdch thiic nhu vdn dg Bign Ddng, an ninh ngudn nudc sdngMe Kdng chua cd giai phap can ban, ldu dai va phy thude vao nhilu ygu td.
rinh hmh dich benh COVID-19 cdn diln bien phiic tap tai nhieu qudc gia ciing gay khd khan eho quan he thuong mai giiia Viet Nam va cdc nudc. Cae bien phap gian cdeh xa hdi, ddng cua bien gidi se tiep tyc gdy dnh hudng den boat dpng xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam vdi ede ddi tac chinh ttong thdi gian tdi, ddc biet la nhiing nudc dang chiu tde ddng manh me cua dai dich COVID-19 nhu My, chdu Au.
Tinh hinh the gidi, canh ttanh cdc nudc Idn nhdt la quan he My - Trung dang dat ra nhigu van de mdi cho an ninh, dn dinh vd phdt tridn ciia khu vyc Ddng Nam A ciing nhu lua chpn chinh sach ciia tung qude gia ttong khu vuc, ttong dd cd Viet Nam. Vi lgi ich chien luge, cde nude ldn se gia tdng can du vdo khu vuc Bien Ddng, gdy ra thdch thiic ddi vdi an ninh, hpp tdc va phdt ttien ciia Ddng Nam A, ttong do Viet Nam se chiu tde dpng nhieu ciia qua trinh tten.
Nguy CO thda hiep giiia cdc nudc ldn cd the gay phuang hai ddn an ninh, ddc lap, chii quyen eiia
Viet Nam. ASEAN va ea chg hgp tac khu vyc diing trudc nguy ea hi phan hda va ehia re.
Tinh hinh khu vuc chau A - Thai B'rnh Duong diln bien phiic tap ttong bdi ednh eanh ttanh chien lupc My - Tnmg, xudt hien dau hieu chign ttanh lanh mdi. Khdng loai trii thda hiep gitia cdc nudc Idn theo kieu G2 gjiia My va Trung Qude, digu nay sg tdc dOng den an ninh cua khu vuc Ddng Nam A ttong dd cd Viet Nam.
d^troi^nudc bgn canh thudn Ipi, Viet Nam dang phai ddi mat vdi nhigu khd khdn va thdch thiie nghiem ttpng nhu, ttong khi the gidi dang tien vao cude Cdeh mang cdng nghiep 4.0, thi Viet Nam vdn chii ygu d giai dogn hai, tiic giai doan gia cdng, ldp rap. Theo thdng kg, han 95%
doanh nghiep d Viet Nam thudc loai doanh nghiep nhd vd vira, ndng luc canh ttanh, trinh dp khoa hpc cdng nghe, nhdt la chat lupng ngudn nhan lue cdn thap. Viee thye hien cac dot phd chien luge ve ca sd ha tang vd ngudn nhdn lire vd the ehe mac dii dupe chu ttpng, song kdt qua cdn han chg.
Trong bdi canh dai dich COVID-19 dang diln bien phiic tap, miic dp giai ngdn vdn ddu tu cdng, dugc xae dinh la nhdn td quan ttpng dg thiie day tdng tiirdng GDP cdn rdt chdm. Theo thdng ke, 6 tiidng dau nam 2020, cac Bp ngdnh dia phuong mdi giai ngdn dupe gdn 35% tdng vdn dau tu edng, nhu vdy 6 thdng cudi ndm cdn phai thuc hien giai ngdn tiep 65%, dg ddm bdo giai ngdn 100% tdng vdn dau tu cdng. Ddy Id nhiem vu khd khdn ttong bdi canh mdi hien nay.
Nguy CO tut hdu xa ban ve phdt trign kinh tg so vdi eac nudc ttong khu vyc ASEAN va thg gidi vdn hien hiiu. Nhiing van dg xa hdi, su phdn hda giau n^eo, tac ddng eiia bidn ddi khi hdu va nudc biln ddng ngdy cang ndng ng, dign bien phiic tap.
Theo Tdng cyc thdng kg, mdc tSng trudng GDP nua dau nam 2020 cua Viet Nam chi dat
LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-SolO/2020
m
1,81% so vdi cung ky nim trudc, ttong do quy II tdng Uirdng 0,36%, day Id mue thdp nhdt kg tii ndm 1991 dgn nay Digu ndy dupe tiiira nhdn la thach thiic cho mue tieu tang tnrdng ea nam la 6,8%. Dg thuc hign muc tieu tang trudng 6,8%/ndm 2020, hai quy cudi ndm phdi tdng trudng tten 10%/ndm, day la dilu rdt khd ttong bdi canh tdc ddng ciia dich bdnh COVID-19, didn bign phiie tap cua tinh hinh thg gidi vd khu vyc.
Tai Hdi nghi giiia Thu tudng chinh phu vdi doanh nghiep, ngdy 9-5-2020, Thii tudng khdng dinh "Gidia luc Id xobi nen lai sdn sdng dd bung ra, can tdp trung hon niia dd khdi ddng nin kuih tg, phdn ddu tang trudng GDP ndm 2020 tren 5%, khdng tiidp nhu IMF du bdo chi 2,7%.
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam can ddng gdp vao phdt triln, kinh tg sau dich phai la hinh chti V, chii khdng phdi chti U, eang khdng phai chii W".
Chinh phii nhdn manh ve trung va dai han, can day nhanh qua trinh co eau lai ngn kinh te, sdp xgp, td chiic lgi vd phyc hdi, day manh cdc boat ddng sdn xuat kinh doanh, bii ddp, giam thieu cdc thidt hai"^'.
Dg thuc hidn mue tieu ndy, trong digu kidn hinh thudng mdi dupe xdc lap vira phdng chdng dich, vua phye hdi phdt trign kinh td - xd hdi cdc gidi phdp cdn Id:
Thu nhit, edn qudn triet myc tiduphit triin nhanh vi bin vung, tdng tnrdng toan dien, can ddm bdo an ninh luong thuc, an ninh ndng Iugng, an nmh mdi trudng, an ninh xd hgi.
Thuhai, van dyng thanh qua cudc Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0, tiep tue ddi mdi md hinh tdng trudng, thue hien chuygn ddi kinh te sd dg tao ra ludt choi mdi va yeu edu cdc doanh nghiep phai cd ddi mdi sdng tao, thieh ling nhanh neu khdng mudn bi bd lgi phia sau.
Thu ba, tang cudng cdng tdc nghien ciiu dy bdo. Hien nay nude ta dang xdy dung va ehuan
hi thdng qua ede ke hoaeh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi chimg vd dai ban 5 nam 2021 - 2025 va 10 ndm vdi tam nhm den nam 2030,2045. Digu
^ se ddn dpi ttong 5,10 hay 25 ndm tdi la dieu khd doan dinh. Khi soan thao chign luge 2001 - 2010, chua ai nghi den cudc khung hodng ttam trgng bung phat nam 2008. Khi xay dung kg hogeh 10 ndm 2011 - 2020, thudng khdng ai hinh dung ndi dai dich COVID toan cau biing phat vao nam ehdt, do vdy nhigu chi tieu tdng trudng GDP binh qudn hdng ndm cua chign lupc 10 nam cd thg se khdng dat dugc nhu mong mudn. Do vgy phai tdng cudng cdng tdc nghien ciiu du bao.
Thiitu, ehii ttpng hon niia tdt cd cdc Unh vuc bdo ve siic khde eon ngudi nhu edng nghe sinh hpc, dich tl, y te du phdng, nghien ciiu san xudt du trii cac logi vdc xm.
Thiinam, hudng tdi xaydungnen kinh tidgc lap tu chu trong bdi ednh toan cau hda va hdi nhdp qude tg. Theo hudng nay, can tdng cudng ndi luc ddt nude yeu cau chu ttgng thi ttudng ndi dia, phdt trien cdngn^ep phu ttp, da dgng hda, da phuang hda thi trudng vao chuoi cung iing qudc tg.
Can tgn dyng ca hdi mdi ddi vdi nude ta Id xu hudng chuygn dich eac co sdsan xuat sangDdng Nam A, chuan hi cdc dieu kien can thiet nhdt la ha tang, ngudn nhan Iuc, mat bdng, nhatli thi chide chii ddng ddn ddu ddng chuygn dich vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, ddc biet la cdc tap doan da qudc gia gdn vdi chudi gid tri va chuyin giao edng nghe tien tien 0
(1). (2) Theo bao The gidi va Viet Nam sd 28, ngdy 9 -15-7-2020, tt.5.
(3) Bdo Nhan Dan di$n tu, ngay 11-5-2020.
LfLUAN CHfNH TRh So 10/2020