NameH ci)u, XAY DVHO VA AP DVMO PHAP LPAT
Ddl M O I THU TUC P H I £ N TOA H I N H SI/SO THAM THEO Hl/GfNG BAO D A M N G U Y I N TAC TRANH TUNG
VC GIA L A M *
Ddi m&i thii tuc td tgng tgi phien tda xit xu sff thdm hinh sfr theo hu&ng m&
rpng vd tang cu&ng vipc tranh tgng let nhdm ddm bao tot hffn tinh dan chii, su binh ddng giira cdc ben tham gia td tgng tgi phiin toa; ddng th&i, cUng Id nhdm ndng cao chdt lupng, hipu Ig-c, hi^u qud cong tdc kiem sdt xet xir hinh su bdo ddm cho hogt dpng xet xu cua Toa dn ddp irng v&i yiu cdu cai cdch tuphdp.
1. Yeu cau cua cai each t u phdp doi vd^i viec doi miVi thii tuc phien toa so th^m ve hinh SU'
Tai Nghi quydt sd 08-NQ/TW ngay 02/01/2002 "vd mdt sd nhiem vu trpng tam cdng tac tu phap trong thdi gian tdi" Bg Chinh trj da xac dinh yeu cau ciia cai each tu phdp trong thdi gian tdi la phai: "Nang cao chat lupng cdng td ciia Kiem sat vien tai phien tda, bao dam tranh tyng dan chu vdi Lugt su, ngudi bao chira va nhirng nguai tham gia td tyng khdc... Khi xet xu, Toa an phai dam bao cho mgi cdng dan deu binh dang trudc phap luat, thyc sy dan chu, khdch quan; Tham phan va Hdi tham nhan dan ddc lap va chi tuan theo phdp lugt; viec xet xir ciia Toa an phai can cir chii yeu vao ket qua tranh tyng tai phien tda, tren ca sa xem xet day dii, toan dien cac chimg cic, y kien cua Kiem sat vien, cua ngudi bao chiia, bi cao...".
Ngay 26/5/2005, Bg Chinh tri da ra Nghi quyet sd 48-NQ/TW "ve Chien luge xay dyng vd hoan thien he thdng phap luat Viet Nam den nam 2010, dinh hudng den nam 2020" trong do neu ro "Cai cdch manh me cac
thii tyc tu phdp theo hudng dan chii, binh dang, cdng khai, minh bach, chat che nhung thudn tien, bao dam sy tham gia va gidm sat ciia nhdn dan ddi vdi boat ddng tu phap; bdo dam chat lugng tranh tung tai phien tda xet xu, lay ket qua tranh tyng tai Tda lam can cu quan trgng de phdn quyet ban an, coi day la buac dot phd de ndng cao chat lupng boat ddng tu phap...". Ngay 02/6/2005, Bd Chinh tri tiep tuc ban hdnh Nghi quydt sd 49- NQ/TW "vd Chien luge cai each tu phdp den nam 2020" trong do ndu ro "Xay dung nen tu phap trong sach, vung manh, dan chii, nghiem minh, bao ve cdng ly, timg buac hien dai, phuc vu nhan dan, phung su td qudc Viet Nam xa hgi cbii nghia; boat ddng tu phap ma trgng tam la hoat dpng xet xii cd hieu qua va bi?u lye cao", "ddi mdi viec td chirc phien tda xet xir, xac dinh ro han vi tri, quyen han, trach nhidm cua ngudi tien hdnh td tyng va ngudi tham gia td tung theo hudng dam bdo tinh cdng khai, dan chu, nghiem minh; nang
Ti4n sT, Khoa phdp lu$t hinh SLF, Tnrcmg Dpii hpc Lu0t H^ Ngi.
X A Y D V H O B Q L U A T T 6 TVWG HJHH s y N A M 2003 (SISTA P 6 I )
cao ch4t lugng tranh tyng tgi cdc phidn tda xet xii, coi day la khau dOt phd ciia hogt dpng tu phap...; tang cudng trach nhiem ciia cdng td trong hogt d0ng didu tra, thuc hien co ehd gdn cdng td vcri hoat ddng dieu tra; hoan thien ca ehd bao dam de Luat su thyc hien tdt viec tranh tyng tai phien tda...".
Trong bai nay, chiing tdi xin mdt sd y kien de xuat siia ddi Bp luat Td tung hinh sy vd thu tyc phidn tda hinh sy so thdm.
2. Thuc trang tranh tung tai phien tod Sff tham v^ hinh sw d nuffc ta va sir can thiet phai doi mdi thu tuc to tung tai phien tda niky theo hviVng bdo dam nguydn tdc tranh tung
Nghien ciiu cac quy dinh phap lugt ve thii tyc td tyng tai phien tda sa tham cung nhu tryc tiep chiing kien hogt ddng xet xir tgi Tda dn cac cdp d nude ta trong nhieu nam gdn ddy, chiing tdi nhdn thay rang, ca trong quy dinh ciia phap luat td tung ciing nhu thuc tiln thi hanh cac quy dinh ciia phdp ludt ve thii tyc td tung tgi phien tda hien nay chu yeu cdn mang nang yeu td xet hdi hoac thien ve xet hdi md chua the hien rd yeu td tranh tyng . Cac phien tda lam tdt viec tranh tung lai thudng Id cdc phidn tda "mau" vdn da dugc dua vao ke hoach va dugc dau tu nhieu cho cdng tac chudn bi nham de nit kinh nghiem nghiep vu. Chiing tdi cho rang, thyc trgng dd ciing chinh la mdt trong cac nguyen nhan lam hgn ehd khdng nhd den chdt lucmg xdt xu ciia Toa an cung nhu den viec bdo dam cdc quyen va lgi ich hgp phdp cua ngudi tham gia td tung. Khi nghien ciru ly luan ve tranh tung Cling nhu vd thuc trgng phien toa xet xir ndi chung va nhdt la tai phien toa sa tham ndi rieng d nuac ta hidn nay, hau het cdc nha nghien ciru ly lu^n va thyc tidn deu cd chung quan diem cho rang thyc hien tdt viec tranh tung tai phien tda giira ben "bupc tdi" va "go
tdi" trudc vj "trgng tai" cdng minh la Tda an - Hdi ddng xet xur (HDXX) se tgo dieu kien cho viec ra ban an, quyet djnh chinh xdc, khdch quan. Ddng thdi, cd the gidi quyet dugc tdt ca cdc vSn de phdt sinh cua vu an ngay tgi phien tda so tham, trdnh tinh trang phai gidi quyet vy an nhieu Idn, bang cdc thii mc td tung khac nhau, gay tdn kem cho Nha nude vd ngudi tham gia td tyng cd quyen va lgi ich phap ly lien quan. Bdi le, vd bdn chat hinh thiic td tyng de gidi quyet vu dn hinh sy d nude ta hien nay la td tung kieu xet hdi (tham van), phien tda hinh su chinh la nai tiep tuc cuoc dieu tra da dirge cac ca quan tien hanh td tyng khac nhau (Ca quan dieu tra, CO quan khac dugc giao nhiem vu tien hanh mgt sd hogt ddng dieu tra, Vien kiem sdt) tidn hanh trudc do vai sy tdn tgi ngay tir dau ciia mdt hd so vy an. Quy dinh ciia Bd lugt Td tung hinh su (BLTTHS) hien hanh ve thu tuc phien tda sa tham ciing nhu viec thyc hien cac quy dinh nay tai phien tda so thdm ve ca ban van nang ve yeu td xet hdi ma chua cd nhieu thay ddi theo hudng md rdng tranh tung hoac de cao yeu td tranh tung tai phien tda. Neu nhu chiing ta coi viec tranh luan tai phien tda la bieu hien cua td tyng tranh tyng, de cho rang td tyng xet xiir d nude ta hien nay da cd sy ket hgp hdi boa giiia hai hinh thiic td tung xet hdi (tham van) va td tyng tranh tyng, thi ro rang "yeu td" tranh tyng d day thyc sy cdn qud md nhgt so vdi "yeu td" xet hdi. Bdi le, chi den phan tranh lugn, cac ben tham gia td tung mdi dugc bay td quan diem, ddi dap vdi nhau, ma theo quy dinh ve trinh ty phien tda so tham thi tranh lugn chi la mdt trong bdn buoc cua trinh ty nay. Theo quy dinh ciia phdp ludt td hing hinh sy hien hdnh, viec xet hdi tai phidn tda hien nay chu ydu la thien ve vide tham tra cac chiing cii cd trong hd so vy dn va vice ndy mac nhien dugc coi la vide ciia
Tap chi KIEM SAT I Sd21 (thang 11/2013) I
HGHlfcN ClJrV, X A Y DVHG VA AP DVNO P H A P L V A T Tda an (HDXX) chii khdng phai Id vi?c xdt hdi de bdo v^ quan diem truy td (bdo v? cdo trang, bao v? quan didm bupc tpi ciia Vi?n kidm sdt (VKS)) hay dd bdo chua ga tgi cho bi cdo nhu tgi phien tda xet xir theo md hinh to h^ng tranh tyng. Tgi phien tda xet xii hi?n nay, dudng nhu vi tri cac chu the to tyng da dugc hodn ddi cho nhau. Kiem sdt vien thyc hanh quyen cdng td gan nhu khdng xdt hdi de bao V? cao trgng va bdo v? quan diem huge tgi ciia VKS ma vide nay thudng do Tham phan chii tpa phien tda thyc hi?n. Va nhu vgy, thay vi can phdi giir vai trd Id ngudi trgng tai cdng minh diing giira hai ben bupc tpi va gd tdi dc phan xir, xdc dinh phdi trdi, diing sai thi Tda an (Tham phan, Hgi thdm) thyc sy da trd thanh chii the thyc hien ca chiic nang bupc tdi thay cho chii the chinh Id Kiem sat vien (KSV). Cdn ve viec tranh luan tgi phien tda thi sao? Thyc te hidn nay cho thay "trong nhieu phien tda hinh sy tranh luan chua that sdi ndi, co khi dugc dien ra nhu mdt kich ban da dmh san. Nhieu bai ket luan ciia KSV it !y giai, cdn chung chung, thieu dan chirng cu the; cd KSV cdn nang nd tam ly cho rang mgi ly le da the hien d cao trang, KSV chi phdt bieu de nghi cdn quyet dinh the nao Id viec ciia HDXX, neu khdng ddng y voi quyet dmh ciia HDXX thi de nghi khdng nghi"". Ve phia Tda an, nhieu Tham phan chua nhgn thirc het dugc y nghTa, tam quan trpng ciia vi?c tranh tung tai phien tda nen thudng cd hanh vi cdn trd, gay khd khan cho ben tham gia tranh luan tai phien tda, nhdt la ngudi bao chira. Nhieu Tham phan coi tranh luan tai phien tda chi mang tinh hinh thiic, cd tranh luan cho du thu tuc ma khdng quan tam den kdt qud cua hogt ddng nay. Cd vu an, Thdm phan khdng ehd thdi gian theo hudng han ehd thdi gian phdt hidu cua ngudi bao chiia, gay khd khan cho viec trinh bay cac luan cii bao chiia ciia hp.
Di^u ndy dan ddn sy nghi ngdf vd thdi dp vo hi, khdch quan cua HOi ddng xet xir trong vi^c xii \-^ vy an. Ddy chinh la mpt trong cac ly do quan trpng nhat khien ngucri tham gia td tyng, nhdt Id phia bi cdo, khdng tam phyc, khdu phuc cac phdn quydt cua Hpi ddng xet xir va do vay hg thudng khdng cao bdn an, quydt djnb cua Tda dn cdp so tham vdi by vpng mong manh Id khi vy dn dugc xet xir lai tgi Tda dn cap phiic tham se c6 nhiing thay ddi cd Igi cho hp.
Thyc trang nay dat ra yeu cau cap thiet la can ddi mai thu tyc td tyng tai phien tda xet xir theo huong ma rpng vd tang cudng thyc hien viec tranh tung tai phien tda nham bao dam dan chu, binh dang thyc sy giua cdc ben tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda, nang cao hidu qud vd hieu lye trong boat dpng xet xu cua Tda an trdn tinh than cdi each tu phap ma Dang va Nha nude ta da xac dinh trong thdi gian qua.
3. M$t s6 Sk xu^t doi mdi thu tuc phiSn toa theo huong mff rgng t r a n h tung va dam bao thuc hien nguySn tac tranh tyng tai phidn toa so tham
De cd the dua ra cdc gidi phdp cy the, chinh xdc nham ddi moi thu tuc td tung tai phien tda so tham ve hinh sy, truac bet can xac dinh thdi didm bdt dau tranh tung tai phien tda.
Ve viec xdc dinh thdi diem bat dau tranh tung tai phien tda, cd quan diem cho rang,
"tranh tung phdi dugc xdc dinh Id tir khi md phien tda cho den khi kdt thiic phien tda" . Duoi gdc do nghien ciiu ve tranh tung va xu hudng ddi mdi thii Uic td tung xet xu theo hudng dam bao nguyen tdc tranh tyng tai phien tda hien nay, vd ca bdn chiing toi ddng y vdi quan didm ndy vd khang dinh lai rang tranh tung edn dugc thyc hien tir thu tyc ba|:
ddu phien tda mdi la hpp l-^. Bdi vi, ngay hr
X A Y DVMG B 0 L U A T T 6 T V H G H I N H S V H A H 2003 (SOTA D 6 I )
thdi diem nay, cdc ben tham gia tranh tyng tgi phien toa da dupe bdy td y kidn cua minh vd nhiing vdn de cd lien quan d^n vi^c xet xii va cd thd da xuat hidn sy eg xdt giiia cdc quan didm khac nhau vd ciing mOt van dd. Vi du:
Khi bi cao dd nghi thay doi KSV thyc hanh quyen cdng td tgi Tda, ngodi vipc quy dinh Chu tga phien tda yeu cdu bi cdo trinh bay ly do dua ra de nghi dy, KSV trinh bay quan diem cua minh ve nhung ly do md bj cdo dua ra, cdn cd quy dinh Tda dn phdi hdi y kien cua nhting ngudi tham gia td tung cd lien quan khdc, nhiing ngudi nay cd the dua ra chung eii de bdc bd hay ddng tinh vdi yeu cdu cua hi cao ve viec thay ddi KSV, cac ben cd the ddi dap vdi nhau ve van de ndy ngay tgi thii tyc bat dau phien tda; khi cd ngudi tham gia td tyng vang mat tai phien tda ngodi viec hdi y kien ciia KSV, nhiing ngudi tham gia td tung cd quyen va lgi ich phdp ly lien quan xem cd can hoan phien tda dd trieu tap ngudi vang mat hay khdng, nen quy dinh Chii tpa phien tda de hg tranh luan vdi nhau ndu cd y kien bat ddng tnrdc khi HDXX giai quyet. De dd cao yeu td tranh tung tai phien tod so tham, khi xet hdi Tham phan chi hoi co tinh chdt neu van dd, mang tinh dinh hudng cho KSV, ngudi bao chua, ngudi bdo ve quyen Ipi cua duong sy hdi ve nhiing vdn de thupc ndi dung vy an md hp quan tdm... "de dam bdo khdch quan, Chu tpa phien tda chi nen hdi cd tinh chat neu van de, cdn lgi nhung cau hdi cd tinh chat budc tdi hogc go tgi, danh cho Kidm sat vien va ngudi bao chua" . Trdn phuang dien ly lugn, khi nghien ciru eae hinh thiic td tyng hidn nay, chiing tdi cho rang, hinh thiic td tung theo md hinh td tung kieu tranh tyng neu thyc hien tdt cd the giiip cho viec xet xir dugc khach quan hon, quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua cdng dan (ngudi tham gia to tyng) cd co hdi dugc bao ve triet de, vi tai phidn tda theo
ehd dp tranh tung, Tda dn se trd thanh trpng tai theo diing nghia. Cac ben bugc tdi, go tdi se cd dieu kien thugn lgi va chu dgng hon trong viec bao ve quan diem cung nhu quyen Igi cua minh. Tuy nhien, han ehd cua kieu td tyng tranh tung Id c6 the lam cho vide gidi quyet vu an cd the bi keo dai, vi Tda an vdi vai trd la trpng tai cdng minh diing giira ben budc tgi va bao chiia nen khdng nam quyen chii ddng khi xet xu, trong dieu kien lugng dn hinh sy hdng nam d nude ta rdt Idn nhu hien nay, neu dp dung thu tyc td tung nay theo diing nghia cua nd, chac chan se khdng the tranh khdi tinh trang tdn dpng an. Didu nay ciing ddng thdi keo theo cdc chi phi td tung ma nha nude phai gdnh chiu se rat nang ne.
Ngodi ra, viec keo dai thdi gian giai quyet vu an se anh hudng khdng nhd tdi quyen lgi ciia ngudi tham gia td tung, gay tdn kem ve thdi gid va tien bac ciia hg. Ben canh do, cac dieu kien dam bao khac de cd the thiet lap va duy tri c6 hieu qua md hinh td tung tranh tyng nhu phai cd dgi ngii Dieu tra vien, KSV dii ve sd lupng, manh ve chat lugng va trinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vy. Ddng thdi, phai cd dpi ngu Luat su hiing hau, cd chat lugng nham tgo ra su ddi trpng can bang giira hai ben budc tdi vd bao chua thi hidn tgi cung nhu trong tuong lai gan, chiing ta chua the dap ling dugc. Hien nay, trong to tung hinh sy d nude ta, vi the ciia ngudi bdo chiia chua dugc dat ngang bang vdi KSV, tidng ndi ciia ngudi bao chiia chua that sy cd trpng lugng ddi vdi HDXX. Sd lugng Lugt su hien nay d nude ta van cdn it, chua dap irng dugc vdi nhu cdu bdo chira trong bdi canh nhQ-ng didu kien bit huge ciia td tyng h-anh tung nhu phdi cd ngudi bao chiia trong tat ca cac vu an hinh sy, ngudi bdo chiia cd quydn cd mat trong hdu het cdc hogt ddng dieu tra, dugc quydn thu thap chiing cii theo cdch thiic rieng cua
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S6 21 (thang 11/2013) I
NOHifiH cCnj. XAY p y n o vA AP DVNG PHAP LVAT
minh... Vi vdy, ehiing tdi cho rang, vdi dieu ki?n nude ta hi^n nay vi^c thay d6i md hinh td tyng thdm vdn (xet hdi) mang tinh truySn thdng sang md hinh td tyng kieu tranh tyng Id khdng thd (hogc chua thd) thyc hi$n dugc.
Phuang dn tdi uu nhdt hien nay la can sira doi quy djnh cua phdp lual to tyng theo hudng ket hpp mpt each hdi hda giira td tyng xdt hdi vd to tyng tranh tung, trong khi van duy tri md hinh td tung thdm vdn vdn da tdn tai tir khi lap nude, can quy dinh lai thu tyc td tyng tgi phien tda xet xir theo hudng de cao ydu to tranh tung, dac biet la tgi phien tda so tham vd dam bao thyc hien tranh tyng ngay tir khi bat dau phien tda.
De thyc hien viec tranh tung, can thiet phai cd mdt he thdng cac bao dam ve phap ly, ve td chirc phu hgp, kha thi trong dieu kien kinh te, xa hdi nude ta hien nay. Trudc het Id ddi mdi ve phdp luat td tung, trong BLTTHS can the hien cac ydu td tranh tyng trong md hinh td tung xet hdi (tham van) va pbii hgp vai md hinh td tung xet hdi (tham van) d nude ta hien nay nhu sau:
- Can thiet phai quy dinh trong BLTTHS nguyen tac tranh tyng tgi phidn tda la mdt nguyen tac co ban ciia hogt ddng xet xu hinli su. Ngoai ra, can sira ddi, bd sung, hoan thien ban niia nguyen tac bao dam quyen binh dang trudc Tda an cua cac ben tham gia tranh tung lam CO sd phdp ly quan trgng cho viec tien hanh tranh tung tgi phien toa. Cac quy djnh phdp lugt cd lien quan khdc ciing can phai dugc sira ddi, bd sung theo hudng thyc hidn triet de nguyen tac tranh tyng tgi phien tda, nguyen tac bao dam quydn binh ddng trudc Tda an, tao dieu kien thuan lgi nhdt de cac ben tham gia tranh bing tai phien toa dugc thyc sy binh dang trong qua trinh chiing minh, nang cao hieu qua tranh Uing (bao gdm viec thu thap, kiem tra, danh gia chiing cii).
binh ddng trong vi^c bay td quan didm, dua ra chiing CII, tai li$u; dua ra yeu cdu vd tranh lugn trudc Tda an v.v.
- Quy djnh rd rang va ddy dii cdc quydn ciing nhu nghia vy to tyng ciia cdc ben tham gia tranh tung tai phien toa dk hg cd du ca sd phap \f cho vi^c tranh tung dugc ddm bao thyc hipn tren thyc td
- Cdc quy djnb ciia BLTTHS cha gua ddi, bd sung theo hudng cd sy phdn dinh rach rdi giiia cdc chiic nang budc tpi, chiic nang bdo chiia vd chuc nang xet xii trong td tyng ndi chung va tgi phien toa xet xir ndi rieng de khdng dinh vi tri vd vai trd trpng tdi ddc l|tp ciia Toa dn tai phien toa, ddng thdi xdc dinh vai trd quan trgng vd ngang bang giiia Kilm sdt vidn, ngudi bi hai (ben bupc tdi) vd ngudi bao chiia, hi cdo (ben gd tdi) trong vi?c chiing minh tai phien tod so tham. Cdc ben tranh tung tgi phien tda phdi dupe coi la cdc chu the td tyng binh dang chii khdng nen phan dinh thanh ngudi tien hanh td tung (KSV) vd ngudi tham gia td tyng (ngudi bao chua, bi cao...) nhu quy dinh ciia ludt td tyng tunh su hien hdnh.
- Quy dinh co che thich hgp de dam bao thyc hien cac quydn ciia ben bdo chiia trong qua trinh td tyng cung nhu tai phien tda xet xu va quy dinh cy the cdc dieu kien bao ddm nang cao vi the cung nhu tao thuan lgi cho viec tbyc hien tdt nhat dia vi phap ly ciia ngudi bao chiia, bi cdo tai phien toa de ngudi bdo chiia, bj cdo thyc sy binh dang trong tranh tung vdi KSV Id dai dien cua ben bugc tdi ma tbyc chdt Id dgi dien cho mdt co quan nhd nude, thyc hidn chiie nang cdng td nhd nude.
- Ddi mdi cac quy dinh vd thu tuc td tyng tai phidn toa so thdm theo hudng quy dinh va thuc hi?n tranh tung trong sudt qua trinh xet xir, tir budc dau tien la thii tuc b i t ddu phien tda cho ddn trudc khi HDXX vdo phdng nghi
X A Y P V M G B O L U A T T 6 T V H G H I H H S V H A M 2003 {S^R. D6I)
dn. Dac bipt, de cao yeu td tranh tung trong thu tuc xet hdi vd tranh ludn tai phien tda.
Trong phgm vi da gidi hgn cua bdi vidt ndy, chiing tdi cho rdng trudc bdt cdn sira ddi quy dinh cua BLTTHS ve trinh ty phien tda so tham ngay tii edc quy dinh d phdn thu tyc bat ddu phien tda, dac biet Id edc quy dinh vd thii tyc xet hdi va tranh ludn tai phidn tda so tham theo hudng ket hop hdi hda giua yeu td xet hdi vd yeu td tranh tung, trong do chii y quy dinh sao cho the hipn ro quan diem ddi mdi Id de cao yeu td tranh tyng tgi phien tda so tham.
Thu nhdt, sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd quy dinh ve thii tyc bdt ddu phien tda theo hudng khdng chi dam bdo du cac dieu kien can thiet de xet xir vu an md cdn dam bao cho cdc ben budc tgi va go tdi co the tranh tyng vdi nhau ngay tir khi bat dau phien tda, cbii yeu la ve cac vdn de nhu: Viec de nghi thay ddi ngudi tien hanh td tyng, ngudi giam dinh, ngudi phien dich (ndu cd) tgi phien tda; yeu cau ve xem xet chiing cii va hoan phien tda khi cd ngudi vdng mat; giai quyet cac khieu nai ve viec khdng thyc hien dung cac quy dinh ve thu tyc td tyng trong qud trinh dieu tra, truy td vd chuan bi xet xir...
Trudc mit, chiing tdi dd nghi sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu luat quy djnh ve cac van de ndi tren ciia BLTTHS md hien nay chua the hien day dii cdc yeu cau nay nhu sau:
Dieu 202. Giai quyet viec de nghi thay ddi Tham phdn, Hdi thdm, Kiem sdt vien, Thu ky Toa an, ngudi giam djnb, ngudi phidn dich
Kiem sat vien va nhirng ngudi tham gia td tung phdi dugc chii tga phien tda hdi xem hp cd dd nghi thay ddi Tham phdn, Hdi tham, Kidm sat vien, Thu ky Tda an, ngudi gidm djnh, ngudi phien dich hay khdng. Ndu cd ngudi yeu cau thi Hdi ddng xet xii phdi hoi nhiing ngudi khdc di biit quan diim cda hp
vi viic de nghi do tru&c khi xem xet va quyet dinh. Nhirng nguoi dua ra yeu cdu co quyen ddp lgi cdc y kiin ndy niu khdng ddngy.
Dieu 205. Gidi quyet nhimg ydu cau ve xem xdt chiing cii vd hoan phien tda khi ed ngudi vang mat
Chu tga phien tda phdi hdi Kiem sat vidn vd nhiing ngudi tham gia td tyng xem ai cd yeu cdu trieu tap them ngudi lam chirng hogc yeu cdu dua them vat chiing va tai lieu ra xem xet hay khdng. Neu cd ngudi tham gia td tyng vang mat thi chii tga phien tda ciing phai hdi xem cd ai yeu cdu hoan phien tda hay khdng.
Neu cd ngudi yeu cau thi Hdi ddng xet xuphdi hdi nhimg nguoi khdc de biet quan diim cda hp vi yiu cdu do truac khi xem xet vd quyet dinh. Nhimg nguai dua ra yeu cdu cd quyen dap lgi cdcy kiin ndy niu khong ddngy.
Thic hai, sira ddi, bd sung quy dinh ve xet hdi tai phien toa theo hudng dam bao nguyen tac tranh tung. Theo quan diem ciia chiing tdi, viec xet hdi tgi phien toa khong chi dan thudn la vice nhiing ngudi cd quyen xet hdi dat cau hdi vd ngudi bi xet hdi tra Idi ma la boat dgng didu tra cdng khai, chinh thiic thdng qua viec hdi, nghe ngudi dugc hdi trd ldi va nghien cim, xem xet cdc vat chimg, tai lieu khac cd lien quan den vy an dugc cdng bd hoac dua ra xem xet tgi phien tda. Vi vgy, de xac dinh dung ban chat va ndi dung ciia hogt ddng xet hdi tgi phien toa, md rdng va de cao yeu td tranh tyng, nen sira ddi, bd sung Dieu 207 BLTTHS ve trinh ty xet hdi theo hudng thd hien ro nhat vd thyc hien dung nhdt cac chirc nang td Uing ciia cdc chu the td Uing tgi phien tda, nhd dd se ldm cho viec xet hdi cua HDXX bdt nang ne, vd HDXX ddn trd thdnh trpng tai cdng tam diing giiia hai ben "budc tdi" va "go tdi" tai phien tda, dd nhd do ma cd nhiing phdn quydt khdch quan, diing din.
Ddng thdi, de the hipn ro net dgc trung vdn cd
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S621 (thang 11/2013) I
HGrnftH cdfV, X A Y P V M Q V A A P P V N Q P H A P L U A T cua hinh thiic to tyng tham v4n, nai ti^p tyc qua trinh dieu tra vy dn, can bd sung cym tir
"dieu tra" vdo trudc cym tir "xdt hdi" trong tieu de vd npi dung quy djnh ciia di^u Iu§t.
Theo chiing tdi, can sira ddi Dieu 207 BLT- THS nhu sau:
Didu 207. Trinh ty dieu tra, xdt hdi tgi phien toa
1. Hpi ddng xet xii phdi xdc djnh day dii cac tinh tiet ve tirng sy vipc vd ve timg tpi ciia vy an theo Ihii ty dieu tra, xet hdi hgp ly. Khi xet hdi, Hgi ddng xet xir chi hdi bj cdo vd ngudi tham gia td tyng nham lam ro quan diem ciia hg ve npi dung cdo trgng. Viic xit hdi di bupc toi, go loi chii yiu ddnh cho Kiem sdl vien vd nguai bdo chira.
2. Khi xet hdi timg ngudi, Kiim sdl viin xet hdi truoc. roi den nguoi bdo chira, nguai bdo vi quyin lai cita duong su. Doi vai nhiing vdn di liin quan den npi dung vu dn md Kiim sdl vien vd nguai bdo chira, nguai bdo vi quyin Im cua duong sy khi xit hoi chua ldm ro hogc xet hdi chua day du, Thdm phdn chu tpa phien tda vd cdc thdnh viin khdc ciia Hoi ddng xet xu di nghi nhirng nguai ndy tiip tuc xet hoi hogc co the ty minh xet hdi thim. Nhirng ngudi tham gia phien tda cung cd quyen de nghj vdi chu tpa phien tda cho xel hdi them ve cac tinh tiet cdn Idm sdng td. Ngudi giam dinh dugc xet hdi ve nhiing van de cd lien quan den vipc gidm dinh.
3. Ciing vdi vipc nghe Kiem sdt vien vd nguai bdo chica, nguoi bdo vi quyin loi cua duang sy xit hoi vd true tiip xit hdi neu thdy cdn thiit, Hpi ddng xet xu ket hgp xem xet cdc vat chiing, tdi lieu cd lien quan trong vu dn.
Thic ba, sira ddi, bd sung Didu 218 BLTTHS quy dinh ve viec ddi dap giira eae ben tham gia tranh ludn tgi phien tod nhdm tao didu kien tdi da cho ben bugc tdi va gd tdi dua ra cdc ly le, lap ludn de bdo vp quan diem
ciia minh vd bdc bd quan didm ciia ngudi khdc ve nhirng vdn dd thu^c nOi dung vy dn, hgn ch^ tinh trgng tranh l u ^ tgi phien tda thyc hipn mOt cdch qua lea, dai khai, ngng ve hinh thiic.
Dieu 218. D6i ddp
Bj cdo, ngudi bdo ehfta va nhiing ngudi tham gia to tung khac cd quyen trinh bdy ^ kien ve lugn tpi ciia Kidm sdt vien va dua ra dd ngh) ciia minh; Kiem sat vien phai dua ra nhijng Igp luan ciia minh doi vdi timg y kiln vd di nghf cua hp.
Ngudi tham gia tranh lugn cd quyen dap lai y kien ciia ngudi khdc. Chii tog phien tod khdng dupe ban che thdi gian tranh ludn vd sd Idn dupe phdt biiu y kiin ddi ddp giiia nhirng nguoi tham gia tranh lugn, tgo dieu kien cho nhung ngudi tham gia tranh luan trinh bdy het y kien, nhung cd quyen cat nhiing y kien khdng cd lien quan den vy an.
Chu tog phien tod cd quyen fy minh hogc theo yiu cdu ciia nguai tham gia tranh lugn de nghi Kiem sdt vidn phdi ddp lai nhung y kien cd lien quan den vu an cua ngudi bdo chira vd nhiing ngudi tham gia td tyng khac neu nhiing y kien dd chua dugc Kiem sdt vien tranh luan. Trong truong hap ndy, Kiim sdt vien phdi thyc hipn yeu cdu cua Chu tpa phien tod. •
Tranh Huig trong bai viet niy du(?c nghiSn cihi trSn phircmg di|n ta hanh vi to ti^g ma cac ben bupc tpi v^ ga tpi (bao chua) dupe thyc hien trong qua trinh giai quySt vu
^n tai phien toa so tham hinh s\i de bao v^ quan diem ciia minh chii khong dupe nghien cuu tren phuong dien la mot mo hinh to tyng hinh si^ cy the.
" TLT Van Nhu (2002), "Doi mdi thii tyc xet xir nham nang cao chit lupng tranh tung t^ii phien toa hinh s\f", T?p chi Toa an nhan dan, (11).
Ng6 H6ng Phiic (2003), "Van de nang cao chit lupng tranh tyng t^i phi€n t6a hinh sy", Tgp chi T6a an nhan dan, (2).
"' Toa in nhan dan t6i cao (2002), K^t l u ^ cia Hoi thao: Tranh tyng tai phien toa hinh sy. Ha Npi.
