SITDUNG linrCDO Tir DUY TRONG DAYHOC HOAHOG NHAM PHAI HUY NANG llili SANG TAB CHH HHG SINH TRUNG HOC PHU THDNO
ThS. P H A M TH! BICH D A O "
1, Trong chuang trinh mdn Hoahoc(HH) dtrung hoe phdthdng, cae kie'n thue HH (dac biet ta H H hiru CO) ddi hoi hgc sinh (HS) phai nam dugc dac die'm cau tap, cau true phan tif hgp chat hOu ca tif dd hieu dugc qua trinh dien bien ciia phan dng, ca ehe phan ung ciing nhu cac quy trinh dieu che, long hgp cac chat hiru co trong cdng nghiep, Tuy vay, HS cung gap khd khan trong viec long quat hda, khai quat hoa tinh chat cua cae loai hgp chal mdt each he thd'ng. ij'ng dung CNTT segop phan giaiquyel dugc van denay, Trong do, sudung/t/acgd7uguy(LDTD) - mot klthuat sang tao degiao vien (GV) cd the lua chpn npidung va PPDH, th let ke kehoach giang day cac bai luyen tap, long ke't kien thu'c, hudng dan HS lir hpc hieu qua,,.. • la mot hinh thii'c dugc ap dung ngay cang rong rai.
LDTD cd the ifng dung nhieu tinh hudng khac nhau trong day hpc nhu: tom tat not dung, on tap mgl chu de; trinh bay td'ng quan mot chu de; chuan bj y tudng cho mgl bao cao hay budi ndi chuyen, bai giang;
thu thap, sap xep cac ytudng; ghi chep khi nghe bai giang. Hon ni/a, LDTD cdn giiip HS sang tao han, ghi nhdtdt han; nhin thay biic Iranh tong the; tdehu'eva
"phan loai" suy nghi; len ke hoach, giai quyet cac van de;tiet kiem thdigian,....
LDTD vi tinh co dac diem: linh hoat, de chia se, cd the Ihay ddi, bd sung hinh anh, ndi dung, ket ca'u, khdng bi gidi han bdi kho giay, iam cho LDTD trdnen sinh dpng va thdng minh hon. De thiet ke LDTD vi tinh.cpthesudungphlnmdm Mind Manager-duac ifng dung kha nhieu tai Viet Nam (chi ehay dugc tren he dieu hanh Microsoft Windows); freeiW/zJc'-phan mem nguon md (ehay tren he dieu hanh Windows.
Mac va Linu)^. Hien nay nhdm ma ngudn md cua HueCITda nghien cuu va viet tai lieu hudng d§n su dung, Mptsdphin mem khac cung hay dugc sudung nhu: ConeeptDrai/v MINDMAP. Visual Mind. Axon Idea Processor. Inspiration,... Trong day hpc HH, LDTD cdthe lam chp phuang phap day hgc (PPDH) cua GV trdnen phong phu, sinh dgng; viee tuhgc cua HS trd nen hieu qua han, Oac biet LDTD su dung
56 j Tap chi Giao due so 317
ICT se tap them cam hung va giup ngucfl hpc Ird nen nang ddng va sang tao han,
2. Cd nhieu each dinh nghTa va guan niem ve nang lUc sang tao (N LST). M ednick (1962,1964) va Malz tvlann (1960) da cd ddng gdp to Idn eho lam li hpe lien tudng ve tinh sang tao. Mednick dinh nghia;
"Nang li/c sang tao la st/ cai to cac yeu to lien tudng thanh nhung tdhopphu hgp vdi nhung yeu cau chuyen biet hoac la can thiet tren mot phuang dien nao dd'.
Theo L.X, Vygotsky hoat ddng sang tao dupe coi la hoat dpng cao nhat eua con ngudi va "nang Iuc sang^
tao la thugc tinh nhan each, la to hep cac pham chat tam li ma nhd do con ngudn tren ca sd von tri thdc • kinh nghiem cua minh va bang tu duy phan tich, so sanh. tong hep. danh gia, tao ra va li/a chon y tuang giai quyet van de mdi, dpc dao va hap li tren binh dien canhan, xahgi gan hoac toan cad'. Doi vdi HS, NLST dugc hieu la kha nang lu duy tim thay cai mdi, each giai quye't cat mdi, kha nang phat hien ra dieu chua biet, chua cd va tao ra cai chua biet, cai chua cd, khong bi go bd, phu thude vao cai da cd, da biet. Tinh sang tao se dugc bieu hien khi con ngudi ddng tn/dc hoan canh cd van de, Trong mon HH, NLST cija HS dugc the hien thdng qua viec lim kiem nhirng each lam (giai bai tap, thuc hien thi nghiem,...) cd hieu qua;
phavdmd hinh ciJ (each lam iruyen thdng) de lim ra nhiJng giai phap mdi, each lam mdi; kich thich sutim tdi, hieu biet vai cau hoi "tai sao, vi sao?"; tao ra nhiJng y tudng mdi la, ddc dao.,.; dam hanh dgng.
De phat trien dugc NLST cho HS, trudc hetGV can sang tao trong PPDH, biet lua chpn ngi dung, phuang phap thich hgp detao tinh hudng cd van de, kich thich tinh Id md kham pha khoa hpc cua HS.
Ben canh dd, hp can nhan thuc day dO ve NLST, hieu dugcmdiquan hegiifa cac "nang iijc"dethudng xuyen cd y thire boi dudng NLST cho HS trong mpi hoat dgng day hpc nhu: thiet kebai giang, giang day, kiem tra danh gia,,.; dau tu thdi gian, cdng sifc de xac dinh nhifng ndi dung nao trong bai day HS da dugc ligc
* Vien Vkw hoc giao due fif t Kam
-(kil-9/2013)
ho?c dugc biel den (Id cae bai trudc, cac Idp trudc) de cothelua chgn dugc PPDH phu hc^,
' Vi du: Khi thiet ke LDTD trong lua chgn ndi dung vaPPDH dbai "Polime va vat lieu polime''{HH (dp 12 nang cao) (xem sado 1), GV can xac djnh ngi dung
"polime" ma HS da dugc hoe d Idp 9 (gdm: polime, polime thien nhien, polime tdng hep, mot sdvat lieu po/me}desudtjngphuangphap'dam thoai tai hien"
gliipcac em cothe nhdial kien thuc (HS tutim ra kien thiJt).Nham giup i-IScd kien Ihircthuctien cung nhu phathuy nang lue sang tao.GV cdthesudung phuang phap 'true quan", "mau vat that" hay "hoat ddng nhdm".
De hieu dugc tinh chat hda hpc cung nhu dieu ehe cac vallieu polime (chat deo, to, cao su, keo dan), HS phai huy dgng cac kien thuc da hgc d cac phan;
Hidrocacbon no, phan ung trung hop, dong Irung hgp.
amino axit, phan ung tmng ngung, dong trung ngung.
cac&o/i/iiraf,,. Do dd, GV CO the'ung dung LDTD trong day hpc du an de day hpc phdn Polime va Vat lieu polime.
Sa do 1. Sif dung LOTD trong lua chgn noi dung va PPDH bai "Polime va vat lieu polime'
(HH Idp 12 nang cao)
Trong qua trinh xay dung chu de cua duan, thuc hienduanvaxaydt/ng san pham cua duan, de giai qiiyelcacyeu eau dat ra (kich thich tinh tdmd, tudn tu (iat ra cac cau hdi,...), HS can phai thue hien theo nhieu each khac nhau (pha vd md hinh cu de tim ra cac giaiphap vacach lam mdi). De thu thap thdng tin, cac em cung can biet thu thap thdng tin ddau? bang each nao? phuong tien gi? chpn each nac la phu hgp va hieu qua, dam bao thdi gian phu hgp... {tim kiem cac each lam cd hieu qua), Yeu cau dai ra khi trinh bay san pham du an va trinh bay bao cao la: chgn each nao cho phii hgp va the hien dugc susang tao?
PPDH duan dugc danh gia cao va phathuy nang Iuc sang tao ciia H S d muc do cao hgn,
(hi 1-9/2013)-
Trong chuang trinh HHdpho thdng,cac bai luy&n tap, on tap cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec he thd'ng cac kien tht/c co ban ma HS da duge thu nhan qua mdt sdbai hgc. Viec Ihiet lap mol lien he giira cac kien thdc, kinang trong cac bai nay giup cho HScd phuang phap nhan thuc he thd'ng, phat trien kie'n thue va ren luyen ki nang tu duy HH Trong cac phuong phap tich cue hda hoat ddng nhan thue cua HS qua cac bai on tap, luyen tap, viec sudung LDTD dugc cho la mpt bien phap thich hop de hinh thanh nen phuang phap tuduy logic va ki nang luhoc mdi each hieu qua (xem SO'do 2).
So do 2. LDTD do HS chuan tli hoc bai luyen tap
"Polime va vatHiupolime"
HS cdthetu lap cac LDTD chuan bi cho cae bai luyen tap,on tap khituhpednha traodoi thao luan trong eac nhdm phan chuan bi LDTD cua minh ve cac van dd: (he thdng hda kien Ihuc moi lien he giua cac kie'n thuc, each trinh bay va ma rong kien thuc o cac nhanh .). Khi thiet ke LDTD HS phai phat huy tri tudng tugng, tu duy logic, kha nang tai hien kien thuc, gan kien thifeda hgcvdihien tugng vadd vat thue te (nhat la ddi vdi HS da tao ra dugc md hinh mdi, each hieu cua rieng minh, tang kha nang lam chu kien tht/c,...),
Trong hoat dgng "eung ed bai hgc", GV yeu cau HS lap LDTD td'ng ket eac kie'n thuc ca ban ctia bai hpc tap dieu kien cho HS cd thdi quen he Ihdng cac kien Ihirc trong tam cua bai hpe va sap xep theo logic phal then cua kie'n thu'c dede ghi nhd,
Viec su dung LDTD ed kem theo hinh anh, md hinh tugng trung, eac bieu tugng, mau sac ciing nhu hien tuong thi nghiem phan nao se kich thich hirng thu hoe tap ctJa HS, giup cho hoat ddng hpc tap ctia cac em trd nen cdy nghia han, gan vdi thuc tien han;
kich thich su tdmd, kham phakhoa hgc, qua dd hieu kien thdc HH mdi each sau sic va hoan chinh hon.
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Nhu vay, van dung mdt sd phan mem nhu Mindmap. Freemind. VisualMind,...v'i^\hte\keLBJD trong day hpc HH va hoal ddng tu hpc ed hudng din la phu hgp vdi yeu cau doi mdi PPDH hien nay d nude ta; dap ung duge triel li giao due the ki XXI theo dinh hudng "phat then nang Iuc" - dae biet la nang Iuc chu dpng sang tao, quan diem tuhpc va hpc tap sudt ddi, timg budc hinh thanh mdi xa hdi hpc tap; phat huy dugc tinh tu Iuc, tich cue, chu dpng va sang tao trong qua trinh tiep thu phuong phap tu hpe, biet sap xep ke hpach hpc tap mdt each hgp li,,.. d HS; phii hpp vdi dieu kien ca sdvat chat hien nay dcac trudng THPT, dap dng dugc ehu truong lin hge hda nha trudng pho thdng ciia BgGD-OT.Q
Tdi liOu Ihumkhuo
t, Diio Thi Vi^t Anh. Nahieu ciiu ddi m&i phinmg plidp d(iy h{ic Hiki hpc phi kim Irwd'ng Ininn h(.JC phd Ihdng vdi sir tra giiip ciia cdng ngh( thdng tin.
Lufln an Titfn si Gian due hyc. Trinhtg Dai hpc sir phpm Hd Npi. 2009.
2. NguySn Van C u ^ g - Bemd Meier. "Phdi iriin nOng l\ec ih6ng qua phucmg phdp vd phuong liin day hpc mdi".
Dy an phai trifin giao dye Irung hpc phri ihOng. H. 2005.
3. Bill Th] Hfinh Ung diing cdng nghf thdng lin vA iniyhi thdng irong d(iy hpc Hda hpc hau ca& trudng Cao ddng vd dpi hpc. Lufln an Ti^n si GiSo dgc hpc.
Tnrfyng Dai hpc .mphpin Hd Ndi. 2010.
4. Phfim Ngyc Son, llfng dung cdng ngh? thdng tin trong dgy hpc phdn Hda hoc hifu err THPT ndng cao nhdm ndng cao ch^t lucrng dgy hoc Hoa hpc. Luan ^n Ti(*n sT Giao due hpc. Tric<yng Dai hpc su pham Hd N(i 1.10)2.
5. Tony Buzan, Bin dd tirduy trong cftng vifec. NXB Uin it(ing - Xa hdi, H. 2008.
SUMMARY
The article refers to a number of methods In ap- plication of ICT in teaching Chemistry to promote creati\1ty competency for students through the fol- lowing activities: selecting content and teaching method, designingpracUcing lessons, reviewing, sum- marizing knowledge, specially instructing students for more effective self-learning.
TRUONG TRUNG HUG CD SD NAM HUNG - TIITM SANG DAT HUG NAM DINH
T
rudng THCS Nam Hdng tu l^u da trd thanh didm sang giao due cOa huyfen Nam True, li'nh Nam Dinh. Ti le hoc sinh dat giai trong cac ki thi hpc sinh gidi eae ca'p, thi d6 vao cac trudng TH PT nam sau tudn cao hon nam trudc. Nhi&u nam li^n, nha trudng dat danh hieu Tap t/ie/aodgngxuais^ccSp tinh va vmh du ddn nhan Huan chuang Lao dong Nhdt. Nhi, Ba va danh hiSu Anh hung Lao dgng thdi kldo'i mdi.Cd dfli ngu giao vien tSm huy&'t, giau kinh nghiem, Ban giam hieu da col d§y la nhan td de' doi moi phuang phap day hpc theo hudng tich cue chu dong sang tao cua hpe sinh, tudd nhan ten cac hoat d5ng day va hpe Ihep hudng Ihuc cha't va hieu qua. Oac biet, nhifng nam qua, Trudng da gin viSc ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc vdi vi&c ung dung c6ng nghfi thdng tin. DS'n nay 100%
CBGV dat chuan, trong dd 8% Iren chua'n, Bi chat lugng giao due cua Trudng ngay cang khfi sic, ddi ngu giao vien khdng ngUng nSng cao chuyen mdn, viS't sang kie'n - kinh nghiem, nhieu de tai dugc danh gia cao va ung dung hi^u qua. Khdng cd hien tugng day theo thanh tich, hpe dd'i phd, nhifng nam qua, Trudng THCS Nam Hdng ludn dugc danh gia la
trudng cd chat lumg cao cua huyfin Nam True, Nam hpc vua qua, Trudng THCS Nam H6ng da dugc Sd GD-DT tinh Nam Dinh chgn de kilm tra, danh gia, qua kiem tra, Trudng dat 93,6% cac lieu chide ra cua 7 liftu chuSnvadatca'pdptll, Nhifng nam qua, sd hoc sinh dat hanh kiem tdt • i(ha tren 99%; sd hgc sinh co hpc Iuc kha - gidi dai tren 75%; ti le xet tdt nghifip dat 100%; ti te thi d6 vao cac trudng THPT cdng ISp ludn dat cao, Doi tuySn Ihi hpc sinh gidi cua truang lifin Iuc mang v6 nhi/ng Ihanh tich cao trong cac cudc thi hgc sinh gidi cap huyfen, tinh.
Cac phong trao nhu: Hgc tip va lam theo tS'm guang dao ddc H6 Chi Minh: Xiy di/ng trudng hgc IhSn thi$n, hgc sinh tich cue; An toan giao thdng...
ludn duge Ban giam hifeu phat dOng va t^ chdc cd hieu qua; tu nhiing phong trao dd da tao khdng khithi dua day lot va hpc td't.
Mpt nam hpc mdi nJa lai de'n vdi thay va trd c3 nude. Hoa chung nilmhan hoan nay, thay va troTruOng THCS Nam Hdng lai chung sue, ddng Idng tim cho minh nhi/ng "dilm nhan" mdi, nhung hudng di mdi d^
nSng cao chat lugng giao due loan dien, •