Tap chl Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tba PhdnB: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nglie Sinh hoc 26(2013/ 19-24
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hpc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
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TirONG TAC KIEU GEN - MOI TRlTOfNG VA PHAN TICH TINH ON DINH CUA 15 G I 6 N G D ^ U XANH CO TRiEN VONG
Truong Trgng Ngdn va Nguyen Tri Yen Chi'
' Vien Nghiin cicu vd Phdt trien Cong nghe Sinh hgc, Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tha
Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: }7,]0'20}2 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 20'06/2013 TUle:
Genotype and environment interaction and stability analysis of fifteen promising mungbean varieties Tie khda:
Genotype, GxE interaction, mungbean, stability Keywords:
Kieu gen, tucmg tdc kieu gen vd moi truang. dgu xanh, tinh on dinh
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate Genotype-Environment interactions and yield stability in six experiments across different ecological locations in the Mekong delta. Fifteen mungbean accessions
•were evaluated for phenotypic traits at three provinces The experiments -were carried out in Spring-Winter and Summer-Spring seasons. The experiment was planned in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Each variety was sown in five rows with 5 meter length and two plants per hill and 15 cm plant to plant. Combined Analysis of Variance and regression analysis were applied to evaluate on yield stability and GxE interaction. The results revealed that the interaction between varieties and location was significant by different at 0.05 level.
Mungbean varieties asNM92, V 91-15, HL 89-E3 and V 87-13, they had regression coefficient near equal to one, their yields were higher than mean yield and standard deviations were relative low, so these varieties were stable. Varieties NM 94 and DX 208 had recession coefficient larger than I, so they were well adapted to favourable environment. Three varieties KPS 7, Taichung and VC 6397 were well adapted to adverse environment. In conclusion, four varieties as 1(NM 92), 9(V 91-15). 8(HL 89-E3) and 10(V 87-13) could be selected due to high yield and stability.
TOM TAT
Muc tieu cua nghien cuu nd}> Id nhdm ddnh gid sir tuang tdc gitra kieu gen vd moi trudng vd tinh dn dinh ndng sudt qua sdu thi nghiem a cdc nai cd diiu kien sinh thdi khdc nhau d viing dong bdng sdng Ciru Long. Mudi ldm gidng dau xanh co triin vgng da dugc ddnh gid kieu hinh tgi ba tinh.
Tthi nghiim dugc ihirc hien vdo hai vu Ddng-Xudn vd Xudn-He. Bd tri thi nghiim theo the thuc khdi hodn todn ngdu nhien vdi 3 ldn lap lgi. .\I6i giong dugc gieo mgl do cdy Id 40x15 cm. 2 cdy/hdc. Phdn tich phuang sai hon hgp vd hdi quy dugc dp dung de ddnh gid linh on dinh ndng sudt vd sir tucmg tdc giira kieu gen vd mdi truang. Kit qud cho thdy tuang tdc gitra gidng vd dia diem cd khdc biet y nghTa a mirc 5%. Cdc gidng NM 92, V 91-15. HL S9-E3 vd V 87-13, co hi so hdi quy gdn bang 1, ndng suat ciia chung cao han ndng sudt trung binh vd do lech chudn tuong ddi thdp, vi vgy ede gidng ndy Id giong dn dinh. Cdc gidng NM 94 vd DX208 cd he sd hdi quy ldn han 1, vj vdy chung Id nhung giong thich nghi doi vdi mdi trudng thudn lai. Ba gidng KPS 7, Taichung vd VC 6397 thich nghi tot a cdc mdi trirdng bdt lgi. Tom lgi, bon giong NM 92, V 91-15, HL 89-E3 vd V87-13 CO thi dirge chon do ndng sudt cao vd dn djnh
19
Tgp chi Kho., hoc Tnrang Dgi hgc can Tha PhdnB: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san.a Cong nghi Sinh hgc 26 f 2013,: 19-24 '
1 MOD.AU
E)du xanh {rigna radiata (L.) W'ilczek) la mgt trong nhiing loai cav hg dau quan trong dugc trdng tren thi gidi. 6 nudc ta. day la cay tfauc phdm chu ylu dimg ldy hat dugc sir dung lam tfauc an cho ngudi va gia siic. Trong hat ddu xanh cdn chiia rdt nhilu chat kfaoang.
vitamin, protein... Than cdy ddu xanfa dimg lam phan fairu ca gdp phdn cai tao dat tang dp phi trong dilu kien xen canh- luan canh. Mdi tnidng ludn tha>' ddi do dd danh gia sy thay ddi cua kilu gen qua nhieu mdi trudng Idiac nhau la \'an de quan tdm cua nhd chgn gidng.
Nhilu nha chgn gidng tfayc vat cfao rdng cd 3 sy biln ddi ddc trung d thyc vat: kieu gen, mdi trudng va su tuong tac kieu gen - mdi truang (Nel et aL, 1998). Muc dich cua cbgn gidng tfauc vat Id cai thien nang suat trong mdt mdi trudng cu thi hoac trong nhieu mdi trudng khdc nhau (Ceccarelli. 1996). Mdt gidng tdt can cd ndng suat cao va dn dinh qua nfaieu mdt trudng (Becker & Leon, 1988). Sy tuong tac giira kieu gen vd mdi trudng dugc dp dung mdt each rdng rai trong cfagn gidng thuc vat. No bieu thi mdt thanh pfaan cua kieu fainfa cd tfae lam sai lech gia tri udc lugng cua cac thanfa phdn kfaac. Sy tuong tac nay tdn tai kfai cd hai faoac nhieu kieu gen phan img kfaac nhau vdi sy thay ddi cua mdi trudng (ndm. vu gieo trong. dia diem), mpt gidng cd ndng sudt cao trong mdi trudng nay nhung lai tfaap hon so vdi radi trudng kfaac. Nhu \ay. neu tuong tac kieu gen - mdi trudng cd y nghia se ddn den sy tfaay ddi ve mdi quan he thti bac ciia kieu falnh (Fernandez, 1991). dilu nay ldm khd khan cho nha chon gidng trong viec xac dinh tinfa uu
\"iel cua cac gidng va ga\' ra sy chgn Igc khdng chinh xac qua cdc mdi trudng (Basford &
Cooper. 1998). De ngfaien ciiu ve tuong tac Bang 1: Dja diem va mua vu tbi nghiem
kieu gen — mdi tnrdng, Calinskin (1960) da dua ra mdt sd phuang phap de do lucmg tinh dn dinh cua kieu gen. Phan tich tinh dn dinh cung cap mdt tdm tdt chung \"e nhiing kieu phan ling ciia kieu gen doi voi mdi tmong thay ddi (Alberts. 2004). Cd nhilu phuang phap dugc su dung de phan tinh tinh dn dinh: dua vao he so xac dinh ( r j (Pmthus, 1973), dua vao tham sd phuang sai dn dinh, dua vao phan tich hdi quy (Finlay & Wilkinson, 1963) va dua yen he sd biln thien CV% (Coefficient of variance) (Francis & Kannenburg, 1978). Muc tieu ciia nghien ciiu nay danh gia dugc sy tuong tac giiia kieu gen - mdi trudng va tinh dn dinh v l ndng suat cua 15 gidng ddu xanh triln vgng qua cac mdi trudng canh tac kfaac nhau d vimg ddng bdng sdng Cim Long.
2 F H C O ^ G PHAP NGHIEN C U T Mudi lam gidng dau xanh trien vgng dugc gieo 3 dia diim va 2 miia vu khac nfaau. Thdi gian thi ngfaiem d 3 dia diem, 2 miia vu dugc trinfa bay d Bang 1. Ngudn goc cac gidng dau xanh dimg trong thi ngfaiem dugc md ta d Bang 2. Thi nghiem dugc bd tri tbeo the thiic khdi hodn toan ngdu nhien vdi 3 ldn ldp lai.
Nghiem thiic la 15 gidng, mdi gidng dugc gieo thanh 5 fadng va mdi faang dai 5m vdi khoang cacfa gieo 40 x 15 cm (tuong duong mat do 333.000 cay/ha). Mdt fade gieo 3 faat sau dd tia lai cdn 2 ca>- tren hdc. Phan dugc chia lam 3 ldn bdn: bdn idt toan bg lugng Super lan Lam thao va Clorua kali 1 ngay trudc khi gieo, bdn thiic ldn I luc 15 - 20 ngd}' sau kfai gieo vdi 'A iugng phan Urea, bdn thuc lan 2 vao tuc 35 - 40 ngdy sau khi gieo \'di Vi lugng phdn Urea- Hat dugc thu hoacfa khi cd tren 95% so cay trong Id mang trai cfain va ndng suat dugc quy ddi ra tdn/faa.
Moi iruffug Bia diem Miia vu ThM gian
An Giang - Chdu Thanh An Giang - Tri Tdn Cdn Tho - Cai Rang
Cdn Tho - Trai ihuc nghiem DHCT"' VTnh Lor^ - Tam Binh Vinh Long - Tam Binh
Dong Xudn He Thu Ddng Xuan He Thu Ddng Xudn He Thu
12/2009-2/2010 5/2009 - 7/2009 1/2009-3/2010 6/2008 - 8/2008 1/2008-3/2008 5/2008 - 7/2008 I Dai hgc Cdn Tha
Tgp chi Kboa bgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha 3 PHAN T I C H THONG KE
Hien nay cd rat nhieu pfaucmg phap khac nhau de phan ticfa su tuong tac giiia kieu gen - moi trudng va ti'nh dn dinfa. Phuang pfaap pfad bien bao gdm phuong pfaap pfadn tich pfauong sai (Wricke, 1965), pfauong phdp pfaan tich hdi quy (Finlay va Wilkinson. 1963). phuong phap phan tich dn dinfa dya tren he sd biln thien CV% (Coefficient of variation) do Francis &
Kannenburg, 1978 d l nghi... Akhtar (2010) da sir dung phuang phdp phan ti'ch phuang sai va phari ticfa fadi quy cho thdy kit qua kha tuong ddng.
Do dd, trong nghien ciiu nay chung tdi dp dung phucmg phap phuang sai ciia Wricke (1965). De xdc dinh dugc sy tuang tac kieu gen - mdi trudng tir thi nghiem d nhilu dilu kien mdi trudng (lap lai theo khdng gian va thdi gian) thi phdn tich phuang sai cd md fainfa tfadng k^ la:
Yij = p + gi + mj + (gm)u + e,j
Trong dd: Y,j la gia tri kieu fainfa cua kieu gen tfair i trong mdi trudng tfaii j .
p: trung binfa tdt ca cac kieu gen trong tdt ca Bang 2: Danh sach 15 giong dau xanh dung trong
PhdnB Nongnghiip. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hgc 26f20l3l. 19-24 mdi truong.
g,: anfa hudng cua kieu gen tfaii i.
mj: anh hudng cua mdi trudng thii j . (gm)[,: tuong tac kieu gen thii i va mdi trudng tfaii j .
e,,: sai sd ^n vdi kieu gen i va mdi trudng j . Mdt gidi ban cua jthan ticfa phuong sai trong thi nghiem d nhieu noi khac nhau la nd khdng khao sat ky bat cii cau tnic tiem an nao trong sy quan sat khdng cdng tinh (sy tuong tac kieu gen - mdi trudng). Nd kfadng xac dinfa dugc kieu pfaan iing ciia kieu gen - mdi trudng (Crossa, 1990) va khdng xac dinfa dugc gidng nao se dn dinh khi dieu kien mdi trudng thay ddi. Do do. phuang pfaap phdn tich tinh dn dinfa dya tren fae sd hdi quy dugc su dung de xac dinh tinh dn dinh ciia kieu gen.
Finlay \'a Wilkinson (1963) d l nghi viec phan tich tinh dn dinfa cfau yeu dya vao he sd hdi quy giira nang sudt gidng vdi cac chl sd mdi tnrdng. Khi cac gidng dugc trdc ngfaiem d nhieu noi faoac nfaieu vu tfai cfai sd mdi trudng chinh la gia tri trung binh cua gidng qua cac nai hoac qua cac vu.
thi nghiem Ma so
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ten giong NM92 VC 6397 KPSl KPS7 NM94 DX 208 (BC) DXThai HL89-E3 V91-15 V 87-13 1PB-M79-9-82 VC 4503A BP-1MG9 VC4111A Taichung
Nguon cung cap AVRDO"!
AVRDC Cong ty 2 miii ten do Cong ty BVTV'"' An Giang AVRDC
Trucmg DHCT'"' AVRDC AVRDC
Cong ty BVTV An Giang Cong ty BVTV An Giang AVRDC
AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC Dai hpc Chung Hsing
Xuat xa AVRDC AVRDC Thai Lan AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC Dai Loan (*)- Trung ldm nghiin ciru vd phai trien rau A Chdu. (**} bao-vi thuc vdt. (*'*/ Dgi hoc Cdn Tho
Tir cac gia tri trung binh tinh dugc, ta cd hdi quy va suy ra do ddc cua dudng hdi quy.
thi tinh sy tuong quan giua chi sd mdi trudng Dya vao he sd hoi quy ta cd thi danh gia vdi nang sudt trung binh cua timg giong tai gj^^g nfau sau:
mdt diim nao do. Sau dd ta cd tfae ve dudng . . . .; : ; Khi D-1, giong rat on dinh.
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tnr&ng Dgi bgc Cdn Tha Phdn B. Ndng nghiep. Thuy sdn vd Cdng nghf Snh hgc. 2612013): 19-24 Khi b < l . gidng dn dinfa nhung tfaudng
cd nang sudt trung binh tfaap hon gia tri trung binh tdng sd.
- Khi b>I, giong khdng dn dinh, gidng se cho ndng sudt cao khi dieu kien mdi trudng tdt va ngugc lai.
4 K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN Nang suat la mot trong nhimg cfai tieu quan trgng faang ddu dl ddnfa gia va chon tao gidng.
Giong tdt la gidng cho nang suat cao va dn dinfa d cac dilu kien mdi tnidng sinh thai khac nhau.
Thi nghiem dugc bd tri d hai vu Ddng Xudn va He - Thu tai An Giang, Can Tho, VTnh Long cfao tfaay cd sy tuang tac giiia gidng va dia diem khac biet d mirc y nghia 5%
(Bdng 3). Dilu nay chimg td cac kieu gen khdc
Bang 3: Phan tich phucmg sai bon hyp vl nang suat qua 2 vu va 3 dja diem
nfaau se dap irng khac nhau vdi su thay ddi cua mdi trudng. Han nua, sy bien ddi ve tinh dn dinh cua gidng chu yeu phu thudc vdo kieu gen va su tuong tac giira kieu gen va mdi tnidng.
Kdt qua nay cimg phu hgp vdi nhan dinh cua Chaudhary et al. (1994) d thi nghiem tren dau Ha Lan, Worku et aL (2001) tren cay bdp vd Akhtar et al. (2010) tren cay d^u xanfa. Ddi vdi cac nghien ciru tcuac day neu sy tuang tdc giua k l u gen va mdi trudng cd y nghia thi thuc hien kilm dinh LSD hoac Duncan de nhdm nhiing gidng cd cimg gia tri trung binh lai vdi nhau. Nhung each Iam nay khdng cho thay dugc su biln ddi cua kieu gen qua cac mdi trudng kfaac nhau. Vi va\-. de xac dmh dugc tinfa dn dinfa cua geri tfai phuang phap phan tich tinh dn dinh ciia gidng dya tren he so hdi quy duoc thuc hien.
Nguon bien D 9 t y do
Tong binh Trung binb phiTffng binh pfainmg
F b a n g 5 % Miia vy (Y)
Dja diem (L) Y x L R(LY) Giong (A) Y x A L \ A Y x L x A
1 2
1
12 14 14 28 28
24.254 81,097 14,581 2,879 4,257 1,476 3,147 2,622
24.254 40,549 7,290 0,240 0,304 0,105 0,112 0.094
333,43 560,78 100,82 3,31"
4,20"
1,45"' 1.56*
1.29""
3,90 3,05 3,05 1,81 1,75 1,75 1,55 1,55
6,79 4,74 4,74 2,29 2,19 2,19 1.84
Sai so Tone cone C V ( % ) : 14.30%
168 269
12.147 146.147
0.072
ns khdng khdc biit. 1*1 khdc biit a mirc y nghia 5%. (**/
Theo Finlay & Wilkinson (1963). he sd hdi quy gan bdng 1 nghTa la trung binh dn dinfa, lon faon 1 thich nghi tdt vdi dieu kien mdi trudng tfauan lgi va nhd hon I la thich nghi vdi dieu kien mdi Uudng bat lgi.
Dua vao ket qua d Hinh 1 \ a Bang 4 cho thdy cac gidng 1(NM 92). 9(y 91-15), 8(HL 89-E3) va 10(V 87-13) cd he sd quy gdn bang 1 (bl tir 0.92-1.05), ndng sudt cao hon ndng sudt trung binh va do lech chudn tuang ddi nhd. Cd nghta la nhirng gidng na\ kha dn dinh vdi sau mdi trudng thu nghiem (3 dia diem x 2 mua \Li).
Hai gidng 5(NM 94) va 6(DX 208) cd he sd hdi qu\ ldn hon 1 cd ngfaia la cfaung thich nghi
khdc biii a mirc y nghia 1 %
tdt vdi cac mdi trudng thudn lgi. Ben canh dd gid tri do lech chudn cua 2 gidng nay thdp nhat (0,65 va 0.56) cho thay ndng suat cua 2 gidng nay la dn dinh nfadt va neu trdng trong dieu kien tdt se cho nang sudt cao hon. Gidng 4(KPS 7). 15(Taichung) va 2(VC 6397) thi'ch nghi tdt vdi cac dieu kien mdi trudng bdt lgi.
Gidng II(IPB-M79-9-82), 12(VC 4503A), 13(BP-IMG9) va I4(VC 4 1 I I A khdng thich nghi vdi bat cii mdi trudng nao va cd nang suat thdp. Cac giong cdn lai cd tinh dn dinh trung binh.
5 K E T LLANV.A. D E X U A T
Qua phdn tich tinh dn dinh dya tren he sd hdi qu\ chgn ra dugc bdn gidng: I(NM 92),
% > chi Khoa hpc Truang Dai hpc Cdn Thcr Phdn B: Song nghiep. Thuy son .•a Cong nghe Sinh hoc. 26 l2013i: 19-2.1
9(V 91-15). 8(HL 89-E3) \a iO(V 87-13) on suat cao hon nang sudt trung binh chung ctia dinh qua sau moi trucmg thi nghiem va c6 nang 15 gi6ng.
He so hoi quy bi Nang suat trung binh (t/ha) 1,3
1,2
1,1
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,7
• 14 11 • • 12
•
• 13
6
'io4>^ ^^-"^^^^
• 15 ^ ^ . . . - - - ' ' ^
1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 • 2 N a n g s u a t ( t / h a )
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
H i n h 1: Su* p h a n bd n a n g s u a t ciia 15 giong d^u x a n h d u a t r e n he so hoi q u y Ghichu 1: N\192. 2: VC6397. 3: KPSl. 4: KPSJ. 5 NM94. 6-DX20S. 7: DXThai Lan. 8 HL89-E3.9 191-15. 10: V87- 13. II: IPB-M79-9-82. 12- VC4503.A. 13- BPI-MG9. 14: VC4111A. 15: Taichung
Bang 4: Phan tich tinh on djnh ve n a n g suat cua 15 giong d a u xanh dira tren he so hoi quy va do lech chuan STT
1
•>
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ten Giong Nang suat (t/ha)
NM92 1 VC6397 1 KPSl 1 KPS7 1 NM94 1 DX 208 2 DX Thai 1 HL89-E3 2 V 91-15 1 V 87-13 1 IPB-M79-9-82 1 VC4503A 1 BP-IMG9 1 VC4111A 1 Taichung 1
93 98 86 88 93 10 85 02 98 92 71 75 71 65 92
He so hoi quv (bi) 0.93 0.73 1.09 0.90 1.10 1.24 0.94 1,05 0.93 0.92 0,97 0.98 0.91 1.01 0.87
Do lech chuan (SD) 0.76 0.97 0.66 0.76 0.65 0.56 0.76 0.69 0.78 0.79 0.75 0.68 0.79 0.70 0.83
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai boc (^dn Tha TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Plidn B Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghe Sinh hgc. 26 (2013): 19-24
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and A. Tariq. 2010. Stabilitv analysis for grain yield in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.wilczek) grown in different agro-climatic regions. Emir.
J. Food Agric. 2010. 22 (6): 490-497.
2. Basford, K.E., and M. Cooper. 1998. Genotype X environment interactions and some considerations of their implications for wheat breeding in Australia. Australian Joumal of Agricultural Research 49:154-174.
3. Becker, H.C., and J. Leon. 1988. Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant Breeding 101:1-23.
4. Calinski, T. I960- On a certain statistical method of investigating imeraction in Emir. J.
Food Agric. 2010. 22 (6): 490-497 http://cfa.uaeu.ac.ae/ejfa.shtm! 496 serial experiments with plant varieties. Bulletin de 1' Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Classe II 8, 565-568.
5. Ceccarelli. S. 1996. Positive interpretation of genotype by environment interaction in relation to sustainability and biodiversity. In:
M. Cooper & G.L. Hammer (Eds.), Plant adaptation and crop improvement, CABI, Wallingford. UK. pp. 467-486.
6. Chhom, K. 1998. Mungbean Evaluation Trial, hi: ARC-AVRDC, Training Report Crossa, J.
1990. Statistical analyses of multilocation trials. Advances in Agronomy 44: 55-85.
7. Fernandez, G.C.J. 1991. Analysis of genotype X environment interaction by stability estimates. Hort Science 26 (8): 947-950.
8. Finlay. K.W.. and G.N. Wilkinson. 1963. The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust. J. Agric, Res. 14: 742-754.
9. Francis, T.R., and L.W. Kannenburg. 1978.
Yield stability studies in short-season maize: 1.
A. descriptive method for grouping genotypes.
Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 1029-1034.
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1998. Sources of variation for yield, protein content and hectoliter mass of spring wheat cultivars of Western and Southem Cape, S.
Afr. J. Plant Soil 15(2): 72-79.
11. Worku, M., H. Zelleke, G. Taye, B. Tolessa, L.
Wolde, W. Abera, A. Guta. and H. Tuna. 2001.
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