754 Sii dung cac thilt bj da kenh dg khao sat trang thai ky thuaj^^^
SLT DUNG CAC THIET BI DA KENH DE KHAO SAT TRANG THAI KY
T H U A T G I E N GKHOAN 6 CAC MO BACH HO, RONG
Pham Xuan Son, Trin Trong Lugng XNLD Vietsovpetro
TOM TAT N66_V(58)
Khdo sdt tinh trgng ky thugt giing khoan cd vai trd rdt quan trgng trong viec duy h-i tudi tho cua giing. Bdi viit ndy nhdm gidi thiiu cdc thiit bi cdng nghi hiin dgi khdo sdt trgng thdi ky thudt ciia dng chdng, dng khai thac, nd luc ldm chu cdng nghi cua Xi nghiep Dia vdt ly giing khoan vd hiiu qud dp dung ciia chung & cdc md ddu cua XNLD Vietsovpetro.
M d DAU
Qua nhilu nam sir dung, 6ng ch6ng, 6ng khai thac trong cac gieng khoan hi bao mon, an m6n, bien dang va pha vo, miic do gan ket ciia xi mang ciing bi giam siit theo thai gian. Chinh vi vay, viec khao sat trang thai ky thuat de phat hien kip thai nhung bien dang, pha buy va c6 bien phap sira chiia kip thoi da tra thanh bat buoc de keo dai tu6i tho, nang cao hieu qua sir dung gieng khoan.
De khao sat trang thai ky thuat cua 6ng, nguoi ta da sir dung cac loai thiet bi kbac nhau dua tren viec xac dinh chieu day tir duong kinh trong cua 6ng, bao g6m thiet bi nghien cim t6ng quat 2 kenh (chieu day t6i da va chieu day t6i thieu cua 6ng tai m6i chieu sau nghien cim: MAXMIN) va nghien cim chi tiet bang cac thiet bi da kenh (chieu day chi tiet ciia timg phan 6ng). Thuc te khao sat trang thai ky thuat cua cac loai 6ng kbac nhau a tren 100 gieng khoan cua Vietsovpetro cho thay, cac thiet bi MAXMIN trong phan Ion cac truang hgp da dap img cac yeu cau khao sat dat ra, cho phep phat hien cac bien dang cua 6ng de tien hanh sira chira. Tuy nhien, trong mot s6 truang hgp 6ng bien dang phiic tap, thiet hi MAXMIN n6i tren kh6ng phan anh day dii hien trang cua 6ng. Tuong tu nhu vay, doi vod c6ng tac khao sat chat lugng gan ket xi mang, khi lap vo xi mang bi nirt va, co kenh dan lien th6ng thi cac may khao sat tong quat xi mang thong thuong khong phat hien dugc. Nhung dieu nhu vay gay kho khan cho viec chon lira phuong an sira chira tii uu gilng khoan.
De khae phuc tinh trang tren, Xi nghiep Dia vat ly gieng khoan da trang bi cac thiet bj da kenh de khao s^t chi tiet xi mang sau Ing ching nhu SBT (tir nam 1995); CAST-V (1997), va khao sat chi tiet trang thai ky thuat ciia Ing bing may da kenh CAST-V(1997);
MIT (1999). Hon ban cac thiet bi khao sat t6ng quat, thiet bj khao sat da kenh cung cap tir 8 den 100 gia tri do quanh thanh 6ng tai m6i chieu sau nghien cim, cho phep xay dung hinh anh chi tiet ve trang thai ky thuat ciia gieng khoan de xac dinh mot each chinh xac tinh trang hien tai cua gieng.
GIOI THIEU THIET BI
• •
1. Thiet bj khao sat ong MIT (Multi-finger Imaging Tools) cua Sondex
Bo phan quan trong nhit cua thilt bi la cac canh tay ciia may, dong vai tro nhu nhimg dau d6 dl do ban kinh trong ciia Ing. Khi lam viec, tit ca cac canh tay (24, 40, 60,
Tuygn tap bao c^o Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau khi Viet Nam: Cff hoi moi, thach thuc moi' 755 hoae tuy thuoc vao loai thilt bi) cua may dugc ap sat vao thanh Ing va dugc ty vao bo cam biin, chuyin lire co hoc thanh tin hieu dien. Cac tin hieu nay dugc chuyen sang tin hieu s l bing bo biin dii tuong tu - s l va chuyen Ien tram do theo duong cap dia vat ly hoae luu tni trong bo nho cua may gieng khoan. Dua vao cac tin hieu chuan may va tin hieu do dugc, tram do se xac dinh ban kinh trong cua 6ng iing voi m6i canh tay (Rt). Be day 6ng tai vi tri cua mli canh tay dugc xac dinh theo c6ng thiic:
Wail thickness = Rn - R t
Trong do, Rn la ban kinh ngoai danh dinh biet truoc cua 6ng. Sai s6 ciia phep do ban kinh 6ng la ± 0,03" (0,762mm). Sir dung cac phan mem chuyen dung, cac gia tri nay se dugc bieu dien duoi dang cac biic tranh 2D va 3D chi tiet ve be mat ben trong ciia 6ng, tir do CO the xac dinh miic do bien dang ciia 6ng tai chieu sau nghien ciru (Hinh 6 -^ 10). Cac may duong kinh da kenh MIT (Hinhl) hien dugc ap dung ph6 bien a Xi nghiep Dia vat ly gieng khoan co the khao sat nhieu loai 6ng co kich thuoc kbac nhau. Trong d6 cac may MIT 24 kenh diing de khao sat 6ng khai thac, cac may MIT 40; 60 va 80 kenh de khao sat 6ng ch6ng. Th6ng s6 ky thuat ciia may dugc trinh bay trong bang sau:
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
f o o l d i a n v f t t e r No. of fingers Rango (nch»»
Rangct mm t e m p rating
p r e t s . rating Rad (a) resoltitloA Vertteatresoltttton tang Hi
W«l!Qht
typical log speed Max, I09 5pa»d Max, d 6 v i a l i o ( t " * Memory varsion Range a x t e n t i o f i
1 11/J6" )45wm) 24 1 7 5 - 4 5
4 5 - 1 1 4 1530 & 'TIC
15 000 est O.OOi'iO.OTemrr'i
0 i r @ SO'imin 45: (1.14mt"
aotbs (9 I K J ! "
6000r!;fir 1SMm.'l!r
Hor(ZOf.Jal
YES To 7" casifig
2 Vi'd" s54mm) 2A 2 25 - 5.5
57 - 140 150CA177C
t 5,000 s»i 0,OG5" {0.127mm..
0,14" @ 50'''mm m" 1.73m
!K)ms 23Kg 30OOfr,'ht9iSm.'.««
eOOCtohr isl^w/t!?
Horlzosai- YES
2 ?.'4'-(?Cmm) 40 3 - r S 7 6 - T 9 0 t!CC &. 177C
T. 5 , 0 O J psi
ODC-S" (0 127rTtm- C'1-J" @ 50','mji>
W 1 64 m
&2lte 25-<g
^ODOR/iir 9tSm.'>.»
4'-{102mm) 60 4 5 • 9 67 5
n 4 - 245 ISCIC 4 177C
15,000 psi 0.0<3I5" to.127mm;
0,2^"® 50',imin 69" 1 7Sm lOaibs 45kg 3C>tK3rwiir9!Sm,'!i!
6000ftftJ-?d50m;!if 6000ft,'t(f ^&lOm•:tr Horacsiai Horizc?ta!
YES
«• (204 mm SC 6 5 - ' 4 216- i 5 5 15GC & 177 1 5,000 psi O.OG'5" (0 127f
0..2«"@ 53,'P 40" 1 02in"
SOOSWhf 9? Sf • 60<>OS,'lir l i i O
Honzoftal To 16*
y Jt i(H". if.i-.loJ. ""Ml**-*>C^''trtr*??* i r i l - O ^ t ^ l ^..•rrif»trs>iN*<i*> ^ i M i U .ri<i t C.^* ttfiftSiftirt^ifS «Xii.ftrt«i1 Ii *t ri-
The MIT Family
Hinh 1: Tram do MIDAS va cac may duong kinh da kenh MIT
756 Sii-dung cac thigt bj da kenh dl khao sat t r a n g t h a n v ^ | h £ i i :
2. Thiet bi khao sat 6ng bang quet sieu am CAST-V (Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool - Visualization) cua Halliburton
Thanh phan chinh cua may CAST-V la mot dau quay , co vai tro vira la dau phat vira la dau thu. Tai mgt do sau may quay 1 vong 360° va lay dugc 100 di8m s6 lieu.
Khi lam viec, tir dau phat 1 xung sieu am dugc ph6ng qua dung dich trong gieng khoan, di thang den mat trong cua thanh 6ng ch6ng. Tai do phan Ion nang lugng dugc phan h6i ve dau quay (khi do da chuyen sang che do thu), mot phan kbac xuyen qua ra phia thanh ngoai cua 6ng. Tai thanh ngoai cua 6ng ch6ng, mot phan nang lugng xuyen tiep vao vat lieu sau 6ng ch6ng, mot phan quay tro lai thanh 6ng phia trong. M6i ian phan h6i ben trong ong ch6ng thi mot phan nang lugng s6ng am lai di thang din dau thu, hoae di vao vat lieu sau 6ng ch6ng (Hinh 2, 3 ).
IHALLIBURTON W I R K L I X E FO.M R E V . D A T K 0 9 / 0 4 / 9 6
S E C T I O N 1 I C A S T - V ( C A S E D H«
G K N E R A T , I N F O R M A T I O N
1.1 TOOL SPECIFICATIONS
122. I S "
C310. 26 c m )
J 6 . S O - 192. 71 cm)
56. 10"
(142. <.•» c m )
17 10-3/6 ( 5 « 5 . 4 6 c m )
— « . 62
C9. 19 c m )
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Hinh 2
Cac tham so ve ong chong se dugc xac dinh nhu sau:
• Bdn kinh trong cua dng chdng (IR)
Tin hieu phan h6i tir mat trong cua 6ng ch6ng se den dau thu truac tien, tir do tinh dugc thai gian TT {TransU Time) tir khi phat din khi thu tin hieu nay. Tren co so gia tri FTT {Fluid Travel Time) va gia tri TT se dl dang tinh dugc ban kinh trong ciia 6ng chong tai diem do.
• Bi ddy ong chdng (TK)
Sau khi d6i cbl do tir phat sang thu, dau quay se nhan tin hieu truyin vl voi buac thai gian la Q,2\xs, va chAm dirt cbl do thu 6 khoang 15|is sau tin hieu phan h6i dau tien.
Tuy£n tap bao cao Hoi nghi KHCN "30 nam Phu khi Viet Nam: Co hoi moi, thach thiic mor 757
Hinh 3: S c do cua may sieu am cao tan CAST-V
Tap hgp tin bieu thu dugc la mot birc tranh song. May se phan tich no de biet tan s6 song phan h6i. Bilt tan s6 nay va FTT, se tinh dugc bl day 6ng ch6ng.
B I day tinh dugc bang each nay vl nguyen ly la be day thue te ciia 6ng ch6ng. ngay ca khi 6ng ch6ng do bi biin dang chiit it hay bi an m6n a mat ngoai. Ban kinh ngoai ciia 6ng duge xac dinh theo c6ng thire OR = IR + TK.
Ket qua khao sat xem Hinh 11.
3. Thiet bi khao sat xi mang bang quet sieu am CAST-V Mot chuc nang khae ciia may CAST-V la khao sat xi mang quanh thanh 6ng ch6ng. M6i vong quay dau phat ciing phat ra 100 xung sieu am va thu ve 100 birc tranh song phan xa (Hinh 3).
Dua tren viec phan tich tan s6, thoi gian truyen va bien do ciia song phan h6i ta c6 the xac dinh do khang am ciia lap
vat chat nam sau 6ng ch6ng, tir do xac dinh dugc phan nao ciia kh6ng gian vanh xuyen chira xi mang, chira dung dich, chira khi, v.v..
Tai mot do sau nghien cim, vai 100 birc tranh s6ng phan xa thu dugc se tinh dugc 100 gia tri do khang am ciia m6i truong vat chat quanh thanh 6ng ch6ng. Bieu dien 100 gia tri tren theo cac mirc mau tuong ung ta se thu dugc hire tranh do khang am va co the nhan dien loai vat lieu nam sau 6ng ch6ng, danh gia chi tiet chat lugng gan ket xi mang voi 6ng ch6ng ciing nhu phat hien ra cac bieu hien kbac thuang trong da xi mang nhu kenh dan, hang h6c, vet nut chira dung dich hay bot khi, v.v.. (Hinh 13).
4. Thiet bi khao sat xi mang SBT (Sector Bond Tool) ciia Computalog SBT la thiet bi khao sat co kha nang nghien cim chat
lugng gan ket xi mang chi tiet xung quanh 6ng ch6ng bang 8 bo thu phat bao triim toan bo chu vi 6ng ch6ng.
Ngoai mpt bg dau phat, thu song sieu am, boat dong nhu mot may do sieu am th6ng thuong, may SBT c6n dugc gan I chu6i g6m 8 dau phat va 8 dau thu s6ng dat each nhau 2ft. M6i cap thu/phat do CO the kiem soat mot goc 45° quanh thanh gieng khoan, do do 8 sector se khao sat 360° vong quanh 6ng
ch6ng. Nhu vay, 1 vanh xuyen ciia 6ng ch6ng se dugc chia thanh 8 kenh va m6i kenh co the coi nhu dugc khao sat bang mot may do xi mang th6ng thuong.
Ngoai phan s6 lieu do dugc nhu mot may khao sat t6ng quat, s6 lieu do duge bang 8 kenh do co the bieu dien mirc do gan ket xi mang xung quanh ong ch6ng duoi dang ban d6 mau tir trang den xam den tuong ung voi phan kh6ng c6 xi mang va xi mang gan ket t6t (Hinh 4, 5, 12).
Acousllcol window
Hinh 4: So" do cau tao ciia cac dau thu-phat may SBT
G
TRANSMETTERS SECTOR RECEIVERS y RECEIVERS 5' RECEIVERS
^ ^ * * ^ * " * ^ ^ — * f*in -
Hinh 5
758 Su dung cac thilt bj da kenh dl khao sat trang thai kv thuat...
• Dac trung ky thuat may SBT Duong kinh thiet bi:
Chieu dai:
Trpng lugng:
Nhiet dp t6i da:
Ap suat t6i da:
Ngu6n dien cung cap:
Dong cung cap:
Dang tin hieu dau ra:
T6c dp keo do t6i da:
Dp phan giai:
Sai s6:
Khoang each cac cue thu:
Sir dung trong gieng khoan duong kinh:
2,75inch 123 inch 90lbs(41 kg)
175°C 137 Mpa lOOVDC 90mA Tuong tu 30 ft/phut
6 mau/ft @ 30 ft/min
±5%
2-3-5ft
4 '^2 - 9 ^'^ inch KET QUA KHAO SAT
Tir nam 1995 den nay Xi nghiep Dia vat ly gieng khoan da dua dan cac thiet hi da kenh vao sir dung va da thuc hien hang tram dgt khao sat trang thai ky thuat gieng khoan a cac m6 dau ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro, trong do nhieu 6ng bi khuyet tat, nhieu cpt xi mang suy giam dp gan ket da dugc chi ra kip thai phuc vu c6ng tac sira chira gieng khoan.
Duoi day xin neu len mpt s6 hinh anh dien hinh.
1. Khao sat ong
Hinh 7,8: Phan bi phi 1 buy k^o dki kboang 2n] v^
niim gon trong mot dng.
Mit cdt ngang cho tbay ong bi xe gan nhir theo
m9i phia
Hinh 6: Kbio sat bing miy MAXMIN phit bifn dirge phi buy, tuy nbien ket qui kbio sit bing miy MIT phin inh bao quit bom ve mirc do hu- bai cua ong (Hinh 7,8)
Tuyin tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau khi Viet Nam: Co hoi moi, thach thuc mdi" 759
« « PMTti* 11*5 CnOtof^ntt 9 0
COrHMlK weTfttf'fl'eifiO -ifHi M-lh^V f
Hinh 9: Hinh inh rO n6t \k m^t Mandrel khi khio sit c^n khai thie
Hinh 10: Hinh 3D cho th^y 6ng bi b$ khoan cy xoiy mdn mOt phia
(vilng miu dd tren hinh)
ftAMMAJiitf 0 AP! 70
£CJL
o()« £ao«
0 .5 KCTY
& 1 1
M.
j AVG 1/1> LP. JJA.P-.(ffi£BI -,
[a INCH (0,0 100
;8 INCH 10
;t) INCH 10
.2 INCH ,6!0 100 .Z tNCH .0
^„stu«.miLj
2 INCH .0
Hinh 11: Cac gia trj thickness xac nhan u'u viet cua may CAST-V, da chi ro ca trong va ngoai ong deu bi mon. Cac gia tri Ovality, I.D.MAP cho thay ong co bien dang kieu
Oval. 100 diem vong quanh ong cho phep khoanh viing (sam mau) chi tiet khuyet tat
760 Su d u n g cac t h i e t bj da kenh d l k h a o sat t r a n g t h a i ky t h u a t .
2. Khao sat xi mang
h
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Ket qua khao sat bang may CBT thong thucmg cho thay chat lugng chung la gan ket xi mang trung bkih.
^ v ^ ^
Ket qua khao sat bang may SBT cho thay ro ban, xac nhan co kenh dan trong vo xi mang (dai sang mau A).
Hinh 12
tlMNU Jlli.-li'J (_
i S ' E J E L K N T D|TJ
^ v ^ ! • . ! ; l :•'
V ^ - ^ V ^ ^
v^
Tai lieu khao sat thong Tai lieu khao sat cua may thuang chi cho thay chat CAST-V nhin ro kenh dan trong lugng chung la gan ket xi vo xi mang (dai mau do) va cac
mang trung binh. 6 nho chua dung dich (mau xanh) Hinh 13
Tuyin tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam DSu khf Viet Nam: Ca hoi moi, thach thuc moi" 76j_
KET LUAN
Thai gian va qua trinh khai thac gilng khoan se lam 6ng ch6ng cung nhu 6ng khai thac bi an mon, bign dang, dp gan kSt cua xi mang va 6ng cung bi giam siit. Viec khao sat dinh ky va dot xuat la rat can thilt dk chi ra kip thai cac vi tri ciing nhu mirc dp bi hu hai ciia chiing, tir do co bien phap sira chiia thich img de keo dai tu6i thp, nang cao hieu qua sir dung gieng khoan.
cac may khao sat th6ng thuang cho mpt hue tranh khai quat ve trang thai ky thuat cua cpt ong, nhung trong nhiJng truong hop phuc tap no kh6ng the xac dinh chinh xac mirc dp hu hai ciia d6i tupng khao sat, nhu vay se gay kho khan cho viec sira chija. Khi do cac may da kenh la mpt lua chpn cho nhieu th6ng tin nhat de chinh xac boa dang hu hai ciia cpt 6ng.
D6i voi khao sat khuyet tat, thiet bi da kenh MIT & CAST-V cho hinh anh chi tiet ciia 6ng de xac dinh chinh xac muc dp va pham vi cac bien dang. Voi khao sat chat lupng gan ket xi mang cac may da kenh SBT & CAST-V cho phep nhan ra kenh dan, nhimg nirt vo trong vo xi mang. Tir do, de dang chpn lira duoc phuang an t6i uu de sira chiia, gia c6 cpt 6ng.
C6ng nghe khao sat bang may da kenh rat hien dai va Xi nghiep Dia vat ly gieng khoan (XNLD Vietsovpetro) da co nhieu n6 lire vuon len de lam chii dupe c6ng nghe ay trong qua trinh do va xir ly tai lieu. Hien nay, cac may da kenh ke tren dupe sir dung rpng rai 6 XNLD Vietsovpetro va da thoa man cac yeu cau khat khe ciia khaeh hang trong viec khao sat tinh trang ky thuat ciia cpt 6ng trong cac gieng khoan dau khi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. J.P. Nguyen, 1995. Oil drilling technology. Education Edition.
2. Part Number 011-6825-820/825, Computalog Wireline Products, Inc., 1993. Multi- arm casing inspection calipers. February, Texas 76126. USA
3. Part Number 7084.0007, Computalog Wireline Products, Inc., 1996. Sector bond tool.
4. Manual No. 770.00709, Halliburton. September, 1996. Circumferetial acoustic scanning tool - Visualization (CAST-V), Cased hole.
5. Part No. MN-MIT03-E, Sondex Geophysical Equipment. 21 June, 2000. Multi-finger imaging system.
6. T1994 EDITIONS TECHNIP 27 Rue Ginoux 75737 Paris Cedex 15, Didier Rouillac.
Cement evaluation logging handbook.