QUANTRJ-QUANLY
SlT HIEU QUA TRONG TIEP CAN NG0 PHAP TIENG ANH
• NGUYEN TAN DANH
TOMTAT:
Tainhieucdsdgiaoducd Viet Nam bao gdm cac Irffdng dai hpc va trung tam ngoai ngff, cd mdt vCn dd phd bidn hidn nay trong giang day ngff phap la thie'u tinh chinh xac. Mdt sd giao vien sff dung phffdng phap giang day vdi Id'i gidi thich cac cS'u triic ngff phap va cdn ban che trong viec sff dung cac vi du tff eae bdi eanh khae nhau sao cho phu hdp nha't. Vi le do, phffdng phap truydn thd'ng khdng dffdc hda hdp vdi cac tinh hudng thffc te trong cudc sdng hidn tai. Didu nay lam han ehd eae ky nang ffng dung eua ngrfdi hoc, nhrf kich thich kha nang nghi ra cac eau ddn gian trfdng tff. De khae phuc dieu nay, bai viet de cap ngan gon ve cdch tiep cSn, nham giup ngffdi hoc kbing dinh vai trd cua chinh minh trong nhffng bd'i canh thffc td, thdng qua eae chrfdng trinh trffc tuye^n eung nhff ngoai tuyen, va cung nham tao sff de d^ng trong dieu chinh viec day ngff phap va cdc lai lieu ffng dung trong ldp hoc.
Tiif khda: Ngff phap tieng Anh, hieu qua, giang day ngff phap, bd'i eanh thrfc te.
1. Gidi thi^u
Trong nhieu ldp hoc Anh ngff, han ai cung se thay thich thu khi hoc sinh tich cffc tham gia vao bai hgc, bat ke quan didm giang day la gi. Ta't nhien, vai trd cua gido vidn la quan trong va la ngffdi giup lao ndn srf thich thu dd va tren thffc t6' la hoc sinh thrfdng cd kha nang hoe lot hdn nhffng thff ma ehinh cae em la nhrfng ngffdi tham gia tieh cffc. Vi ly do nay ma viec minh hpa day hoc trong mpt moi irffdng ndi ngffdi hpc xay dffng nhffng gi hp dang iff hpc; phan lieh, tdng hdp va nghien cffu, ddng thdi sff ban che kha nang ddn gian hda bd'i canh thffc te ctia ldp hoc ngdn ngff.
2. Ndi dung
2.1. Tiep cgn ky ndng ngUphdp tidng Anh Trong so' 4 ky nang, day ngff phap cd thd la de nha't, hoac ddi khi la khd nha't, nhffng hidm khi d d mffc trung gian, nghia la khdng qua khd hay khdng qua dd. Ngrfdi day ihrfdng cdm thd'y de dang de drfa ra mpt quy tac gid'ng nhrf mdt phffdng trinh ddn gian trong toan hpc. Ngff phap vd'n da dang va nhff mdt he thd'ng ha'p dan lam nen tang cho nang lffc ngdn ngff cua hoc sinh.
Khdng ban ve viec nd cd qua cffng nhac de ha'p thu hay khdng, trong trrfdng hop nay vdi dd'i trfdng ngffdi hpc la sinh vien dai hpe tff 18-20
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TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
tudi va dang hoc lai mdt sd' trung tam ngoai ngff d trinh dp trung cap va cd it kha ndng ghi nhd nhffng gl la ngff phap tdng quat khd khae la vdi ngdn ngff thff nha't va dd'i vdi hp, ngff phap gid'ng bet nhff mpt thiet bl dPn nha't giup kien thffc eua ngffdi hpc drfde gan ket lai vdi nhau [1].
2.2 Cdc gido trinh Ung dung hi^n hdnh Bd'n ky ndng cua ngdn ngff giao nhau d dau cd le la mot van de, nhrfng cd le van dd chinh d day la viec nha'n manh tam quan trpng cua ngff phap. New Inlercbange, International Express hay nhffng giao tnnh khde cd cac chu diem ngff phap dang d\i(ic day drfde drfa ra trong mdt bd'i canh cd y nghia vdi srf ehu y den chffe nang, y nghTa va hinh thanh mot each tuan trf. Dau tien, mdt doan vdn va/hode mpt bffc tranh, cung nhrf cac boat ddng nhd, dffde ket hdp vdi nhffng gi da hpc trffdc dd de dat nen lang eho chu diem ngff phap va giup ngffdi hpc lam quen vdi chrfc nang va y ngbia cua cdc ma'u eho^l ngff phap va cua nhffng gi ho sap hpe. Sau do, nhrfng didm ngff phap dffdc dffa ra mdt each ro rang. Phrfdng phap nay rat cd y nghia va trf nhien de'n ndi chiing tdi khdng tha'y can phai dat cau bdi vd tSm ly va bidu qua eua each tie'p can nhrf vdy. Xet cho cung, VI eon ngffdi chiing ta thich xem xet cac thff trong bd'i eanh ed y nghTa, thay vi mdt each rdi rac va each tiep can dffde sff dung giup ngffdi hoc dd'i phd vdi y trfdng dang sau quan diem drfde day de de dang hieu va ffng dung nd [3].
2.3. MIIC dich cda gido trinh
Dieu drfde ban de'n d day chinh la srf lich hdp chffe nang, y nghTa va hinh thffc dffdc thffc hien.
Trf gido trinh ciia cae khda hpc thdng qua quan sat, .sau kbi bd'i canh dffdc cung cd'p, hoc vien drfde hrfdng d^'n mue dich cud'i cung la srf thdng bidu cdc quy tac vd Ihffc hanh chung thdng qua cdc bai tap. Ndi chung, tai thdi diem nay, viec ap dung mdt each tie'p can rd rang va minh hpa cac quy lac vdi cae muc thrfc hanh, thffdng la can thidt. Vl du, vdi cae eau d the kha nang cd the dffdc hien thi trong ngff eanh cua chung nhff; "I can play football" hay d the bidong: "The letter was written by John". 0 day, viec lam the' ndo de lap hdp dff lieu thdng tin lien quan dd phat trien ky nang ngon ngff nhdm cd the giup ngffdi
hpc tich hdp y nghia, chffe nang va binh thffc 1^
mdt vd'n dd. Cdu trd ldi cho cau hdi nay rd't ddn gian, ma theo N. Ellis (2002), sff tich luy kien thffc ddi hoi ngrfdi hoe phai lang dan khd ndng kie'n thffc dau vao vao dffdc xay dffng dd tao thanh mdt kha nang thffc thu, cd thd dffde cung cd'p td't nhd't bdi sff phu hdp trong khung thdi gian khd dung td't nhd't. Cdc bd'i canh da dang trong d6 mdt cd^^u triic, tff, cum trf hoac phu to' nha't dinh dffdc sff dung dffdc minh hpa khd hieu qua thdng qua sff phu hdp ctia cdu [4].
O mdt ngff cdnh khde, cd nhieu ky thu|t dffdc md td trong vdn hoe va trang web cd' gang dai drfde kdt qua td't nhd't trong viec sff dung srf phij hdp trong giang day ngdn ngff. Cdc trang web nhrf www.lextutor.ca cung cap cdc boat ddng, bang tinb cung nhrf tdi lieu trrfc luye'n de sff dung td't nha't ky thuSi ndy. Tuy nhien, khdng dl dd thrfc hien ta't ca cac khia canh cua viec hoan thien ngdn ngff vi nhffng ban che've thdi gian vS edng nghe, ma chi ^p dung mdt phan trong v^n de tffdng quan. Chac chan rang viec sff dung sff phu hdp edch giang day vdi cac quy tac rd rang trong cdc ldp hpe, ngrfdi day cd thd giiip sinh vidn xay drfng cae lien kdt chac chan hdn giffa chffe nang, y nghTa va binh thrfc va cae boat ddng nay se cung ca'p cho cac em du ed hoi de tim kiem, xay dffng cac ci\x true muc tieu raol each hieu qua vd trong mdt thdi gian Iffdng ddi ngan [2].
2.4. Triin khai trong ldp hgc
Trong bai hpe eiia nhffng cud'n sach trung cd'p da de cdp d tren, cac chu diem ngff phap vdi muc dich Id vide sff dung mdt cdi gi do (something) bode hit cff thff gi (anything) va khong cd gi (nothing). Cac sach hpe gidi thieu chii de thdng qua mpt bd'i canh cung ca'p mdt Uen ket giffa chffe nang va hinh thffc.
Bdi eanh cd the la nhffng ngay eud'i tutn, nhi?ng ngrfdi thich hoac khdng thich nhffng ngdy cudi Vain, hp se ndi ve nhffng viee hp lam vao cudi tuan bang cdch sff dung mpt trong sd' nhffng bieu hidn vdi mgi ngrfdi va mpi thff, hoac mpi ndi xung quanh. Sau khi dffdc gidi thieu ve y nghia va ehffe nang, ngffdi hpc dffde tham khao mat sau cua cud'n sach de nghien crfu rd rang chu didm tap trung. Mpt \in nffa nhff thrfdng le, cdc quy tac drfde drfa ra v6i mdt vai
194 So 1 -Thang 1/2019
QUANTRJ-QUANLY
vi du vd ngrfdi hpc sau dd drfde hrfdng ddn trrfc tiep de tien hanh cdc bdi tap. Thdng thffdng, trong giai doan nay, viec giai thich cac quy t^c sdu hdn tren bang bang each drfa ra nhieu vi du va sau do di dd'n phan bdi tap. Nhrfng nhrf da dd cap trffde ddy, qua trinh tiep thu ed mdt sd khd khan; nghia la, ngffdi hpc thffdng gap va'n de trong viee lieu hda ca'u triic, cd the la do cac em ed cdu hdi nao dd trong dau, ed the md't nhieu thdi gian vd nhieu bai tdp hdn dd tra ldi nhffng cau hdi dd, bode thdi gian thffdng khdng cd khi can, ddc biet la trong cac ldp hoe ddng ngffdi.
Do dd, mdt so boat ddng phii hdp trong giai doan nay se vd ciing co ldi. Qua quan sat, vdi hai boat dong, mdt ngffdi tim ra quy tac ve chu de, mpt ngrfdi khac de thifc hdnh vdi cac mue lieu bdng each dien vdo cac khoang trdng drfdng nhff cd hieu quanhd^tdinh[l].
Srf Iff nhien va phong phu cua dff lieu khdng phai nhat thiet phai di tff mdt eudn sach ngff phdp ma Id dffa tren trffc gidc cua mdt ngffdi. Nd rat phong phu bdi vi ngrfdi la cd thd thd'y nhidu muc dich sff dung eua cac mue tieu trong nhieu bdi canh khac nhau va chpn ra nhffng mue ma ngrfdi la
mudn tap trung. Viec cat bd mdt so ph^n cau va ehi chpn ede cdu diing ngff phap cua ngffdi ban ngff bdi khdng phai luc nao ngff phap cua hp cd nghTa la ngff phdp thuan tuy. Sau khi cdt dff lieu theo ede khia canh nay, ehdng la cd thd cung ca'p eho ngffdi hpe mdt each he thd'ng va dd hidu, tff dd ngffdi hpc cd the nit ra quy lac thdng qua qua trinh quy nap va Iff khdm pha, trong do cd tinh cha't kidn tao cua ban than ngffdi hpc [3].
3. K€'t luan
Trong bai vie't nay, vd'n de giang day ngff phap va lich hdp chffe nang, y nghia va hinh thrfc ciia ngrfdi hpc drfde ehu trpng. Nhffng ngff canh dffdc cung cap trffdc mdi diem ngff phip giiip ngffdi hpe lam quen vdi muc dieh cua bai hpc rd rdng trffdc khi tap trung vao nd. O ddy, thdi gian thdt srf cd mdt vai trd trong viec nha'n manh viec phdn tfch eae cac cd'u triic ehu diem.
Tff do, nhffng tiem ndng de hien thi md hinh cua mdt ca'u true nhd't dinh dffdc phdt tridn vdi sff chuan bi thich hdp trf giao vien, eung nhrf srf phu hdp eiia cdc lai lieu bo trd lot trong gidng day ngff phap •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Batstone, R., Ellis, R. (2009). Principled Grammar Teaching. System, 37.pp. 194-204.
2. Ellis. N. C. (2002). Frequency Effects In Language Processing: A Review with Implications for Theories of Implicit and Explicit Language Acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 24 (2). pp. 143-188.
http://dx.doi.org/lO1017/S0272263102002024
3. Gavioll, L. (1997). Exploring Texts through the Concordancer. Guiding the Learner In: A. Wichmann, S.
Fligelstone, T. McEnery, and G. Knowles (eds.). Teaching and Language Corpora. London and New York:
Longman, pp. 83-99.
4. Harmer, J. (1998). How lo Teach English. Harlow: Longman.
Ngay nhan bai: 25/12/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sufa chffa: 5/1/2019 Ngay chS'p nh|in dang bai: 15/1/2019 Thongtintdcgid:
NGUYIN TAN DANH DaihQcFPT
So 1 -Thang 1/2019 195
TAP CHi CONG THIItfNG
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APPROACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR
• NGUYEN TAN DANH FPT University
ABSTRACT:
At many educational institutions in Vietnam including universities and foreign language centers, there is a common problem in teaching grammar that is the lack of teaching accuracy. The teaching methods of some teachers are based on the interpretations of grammatical structures with the limitations on using appropriate examples in different contexts. Hence, the traditional teaching method is not in harmony with practical situations.
In addition, it also limits learners lo practice their skills, such as making simple sentences. To overcome these challenges, this article is to provide an approach that helps learners to assert theirself in practical situations through online and offline learning programs and facilitate the adjustment of teaching grammar methods as well as teaching materials.
Keywords: English grammar, effective, grammar teaching, practical context.
196 So 1 -Thdng 1/2019