So 02/2020 - Nam thtf mi/di ii
PHAP LUAT VA KINH NGHIEM XU LY VAN DE HAI QUOC TICH 6 MOT SO Nl/dC TREN THE Gidl
va Thu Hdng'
Tom tdt: Quoc tich la moi quan he phdp ly hai chiiu giira mot cd nhdn voi mot quoc gia cu thi, theo do xdc lap cdn cir phdp ly doi voi tu cdch cong ddn cua mot quoc ^ia vd trin ca so do lam phdt sinh cdc quyen, nghia vu qua Igi giira nhd nuoc vd cong ddn. Vdn di hai quoc tich la trucmg hgp khi mot nguai dugc thiea nhdn co hai quoc tich cua hai quoc gia khdc nhau. Hien tgi, vdn de hai quoc tich ve ca bdn phu thuoc vdo quy dinh cu the cua lugt quoc gia tien^ nuac vd cdc dieu uac quoc ti, cam kit quoc te md quoc gia lien quan Id thdnh viin. Do do, ddn den Men tugng xung dot phdp ludt giiia cdc quoc gia vd viec dp dung, gidi quyet khdc nhau giira cdc quoc gia lien quan din vdn de thiea nhdn hai quoc tich cua mot cd nhdn. Trong phgm vi bdi viit ndy, tdc gid neu khdi qudt ve vdn di hai quoc tich, nhirng vuong mac phdp ly, quan nggi co lUn quan din vdn di hai quoc tich vd di xudt co cdch tiep can cai md theo huang thira nhgn vd gidi quyit vdn de hai quoc tich nham bdo ve cdc quyen vd Igi ich ca bdn cua nguai ddn dugc tot hon
Tir khoa: Hai quoc tich, quoc tich, phdp lugt quoc gia.
Nhdn bdi: 07/01/2020; Hodn thdnh biin tap: 14/02/2020; Duyet ddng: 27/02/2020.
Abstract: Nationality is a two-way legal relation between an individual and a specific country, establishing legal grounds for citizenship of a country and thus rights and obligations between the ' State and citizens. Dual/multiple nationality/citizenship is when a person is recognized to have two I nationalities of two different countries. At the moment, dual nationality mainly depends on specific
regulations of national laws of each country and international treaties and commitments that relevant counPies are members. Therefore, this fact results in conflict of laws between countries and various applications of laws and recognition of dual nationality among relevant countries. Within this article, the author briefly introduces dual nationality, its legal concerns and thus proposes an open approach . in relation to recognition and handling of dual nationality issues in order to better ensure fundamental , rights and interests of citizens.
,1 Keywords: Dual/multiple nationality, nationality, national laws.
' Date of receipt: 07/01/2020; Date of revision: 14/02/2020; Date of Approval: 27/02/2020.
1. Lutfc su hinh thanh va phat tri^n cua thira nhdn (cdc) qudc tjch khac ciia ca nhdn ndy.
' v§n dl hai quoc tich Tbye trang nay timg bude dupe thay doi da Truac day, cae quoc gia khdng ung bd va thira phu hop ban vdi tian trinh lich sir trong thdi ky J nhan vdn da hai qudc tich do mudn nam quyan bien dai, khi hien tupng di eu bat ddu xudt hien w kilm sodt cong dan minh va hp nhin nhan van da va tirng buoc trd thanh vdn da quoc te dupe it hai qudc tich nhu mpt nguy co anh hudng den nhiau quoc gia quan tarn. Dac biet, trong boi t quan he song phuang. Cho din cudi tbl ky 19, cae canh qudc gia khong muon thira nhan quoc tich ir quoc gia tien tbl gidi van khong thira nhan van de cua ngudi dan di eu, nhung do nhu cau can bo ,, nhiau qudc tjcb eua mpt ea nhan, cung nhu kbdng sung lyc lupng cho quan dpi (ma theo phap luat , thira nhan quyan cita cdng dan dupe phep tu bo quoc gia thi chi co cdng ddn mdi tham gia ^udn
\ quoc tjch. Thuc Uang nay xudt phat tir cac chinh dpi), nan da bupc cac qudc gia phai cdn nbdc vd
|f sach, tu tudng hi thdi phong kiln v l long trung dilu chinb quan diam va each tiap can thira 1^ thanh cua ca nhdn ddi vdi rapt qudc gia.Theo dd, nhan qudc tjch khac ciia cdng dan.
mpt cd nhdn co tbl c6 nbilu qu6e tich, nhung qudc Su thay ddi trong chu truang, chinh sach ve , gia chi thua nhdn quoc tich ciia rainh md khdng vdn de hai quoc tich dupe ddnh dau tir Chian
' Thac sy, Phong Hanh chinh, Tong hpp va D6i ngoai, Hpc vi6n Tu phap.
o
[r^!l.l4»JIJ)LIIJ!HA
tranh nara 1812 khi nhirng ngudi nhap ngii trong bdi qudn MI dupe eho Id mang qudc tich Anh.
Tiep den Id cupc khang chien nham Idt dd ach thong tri cua Anh tai Ai-len ndm 1867, kbi nhung ngudi linh MT goc Ai-len bi chinh quyan Anh bdt vi tpi phdn quoc vi phia Anli thua nhan hp la cong ddn Anh... Tai thdi diem nay, cae quoc gia eho rang, van da hai qudc tich dan dan yau cau bao hp ngoai giao eua cd hai qudc gia doi vdi ngudi bai quoc tich, nen da khien cac qudc gia ngdy edng phdn ddi va ban cha viec cdng ddn ed nhiau c^udc tjch. Cho dan giiia the ky 20, hdu bet cac qudc gia tran tha gidi khdng thira nhan van de hai quoc tich, tru mpt vai tiudng hpp n§oai le.
Tai Hpi nghi phap luat ciia Hpi qudc lian dupe to ehiie tai La Hay nam 1930, eac quoc gia da cd gang dua ra cac quy dinh phap luat qudc te nham gidi quyat vdn da khong quoc tich vd bai quoc tjch. Tuy nhian, van kien ndy chi dupe 20 quoc gia tham gia. Dan cuoi the ky 20, vdn da bai quoc tich ngay cang dupe nhiau quoc gia chap nhdn va npi ludt boa (vi du: Luat Qudc tich Anh nam 1948 va Luat Cong ddn Canada ndm 1976 da bd quy dinh cdm ve viec c6 bai quoc tich; bdn dn cua Toa an toi cao MT trong vy kien giiia Afroyim vd Rusk nam 1967 da dua ra kat luan khong ebo phep Chinb phii MT tudc quoc tich mpt cdch tuy tien ehi vi ly do cong dan minh cd hai quIc tich). Con tai chau Au, trong bdi cdnh tinh tiang di cu ngdy edng cao, cac qudc | i a chau Au da tirng buoc thay doi chinh sach ve van dl bai qudc tich de cho phep nhung ngudi dan di cu CO the duy tri moi lian he vdi nude goc - qudc gia cd qudc tich gde cua minh.
2. Trudng hgp c6ng ddn cd hai quoc tich Tran thue te cd the phat sinli trudng hpp cong dan CO hai (bay nhieu) quoc tich vi nhiing ly do sau day:
- Trong trudng hpp cha, me co quoc tich khac nhau bode la ngudi cd nhiau qudc tich, tbi con edi cd tbl CO nhieu quoc tich kbi xac dinh qudc tich theo nguyen tae buyat thdng (jus sanguinis).
Kha nang tre em co hai quoc tich dupe ap dyng ddi vdi tre em sinh ra tai quoc gia do boae sinh ra d nude ngodi.
- Mpt so quoc gia nhu Canada, MT va nhiau qudc gia chau MT dlu quy dinh tre em sinh ra
tran lanh t b l nude minh dlu co quyln cd quoc tieb cua qu6c gia dd (nguyen tic jus soli), tra trudng hpp la con em ngoai giao. Do dd,_tre em trong trudng hop ndy c6 tbl co bai quoc tich theo nguyan tic jus soli vajus sanguinis. (Vi dy nhu rapt dira tre eo cha, me Id ngudi Na Uy dupe sinh ra tai MT thi tbeo luat MI, dira tre se lap tuc cd bai qudc tich MT va Na Uy cho dii theo phap luat Na ijy lai ban cbl hoac cdm trudng hop cd bai qudc tich).
Chinh vi sy khae biet trong phap ludt va quoc tjch giiia cac qudc gia da ddn dan thue tiang
"nhap quoc tjcb qua binh thirc du lich-sinh san", Tuy nhian, de kiem soat tinh trang "nhap quoc tich qua binh thirc du lich-sinh san", nhiau quoc gia khdng dp dung nguyan tac nay hoac dilu chinb tbeo budng quy dinb bd sung diau ki6n nhap qudc tich la phai ed cha/me mang quIc tich nude sd tai hoac cu tru tai nude sd tai tiong nhieu nam (nhu tai Lie, Phap, Diic, Ai-len, New Zealand, Nam Phi vd Anh) - ddy la sy kat hpp giiia hai nguyen tac jus sanguinis vkjus soli.
- Cd tham qudc tjch do ket hon vdi ngudi nude ngodi va phap ludt cua quoc gia noi nguoi chong/vp cho phep nhap quoc tich theo diau kien ket hon boae nit ngdn dieu kien va thdi gian cho nhap qudc tich nude dd. Phdp ludt Iran cho phep dupe nhap quoc tich ludn tai thdi diam la kat hon (theo quy dinh tai Bp luat ddn su cua Iran, sira d i i nam 1985).
- Trong trudng hpp nhan eon nuoi nuac ngodi, tre em la con nuoi eo tha cd them quoc tich khac eua quoc gia ma cha me nuoi la cong ddn.
- Do thay dpi chinb sach, hoan canh khach quan nan dan den viec eho phep cdng dan co hai quoc tich (vi du nhu viee phan dinh lai bian gi6i giiia hai nude).
- Tai rapt so qu6c gia, phap luat cho ph^p edrig dan nude ngodi dupe phep nhdp quoc tich quoc gia dd thong qua hinh thirc ddu'tu vdo quIc gia do khi dap ling dilu kien ddu tu mpt khodn tai chinh nhat dinh. Vi du nhu tai Ao, Cyprus, Grenada, Dominica, Malta... dlu tao dilu kiSn cho phep nhap qu6c tieb khithdaman dilukiSn va ddu tu tai chinh t^i qudc gia 36, thap chi khong nhat thilt yeu cau ngudi dan pMi thudng tni/tam tni trong rapt khoang thdi gian nbdt dinh trude khi nop ho so xin nhap qudc tich Ta' khu
So 02/2020-NamihiJn-
vyc Chau A, phdp ludt Carapuchia cung eho ph^p dupe nhap qudc tich tii6ng qua hinh thiic ddu tu, tuy nhien nha ddu tu cdn phai dap dug yeu cau thong thao tilng Khmer.
- Ngoai ra, con mdt sd trudng hpp ngoai le nhu dupe phep nhdp qudc tich do dupe bo nhiem giii mpt ehirc vu nhdt dinh. Trong trucmg hpp tai Toa thanh Vatican, Gido hoang la ngudi co tham quyen cho phep nhap quoc tich d6i vdi ede gido sT, giao ddn sinh sdng tai Toa thanh Vatican.
3. Cac v^n dl phap ly lien quan den hai quoc tich va quyln cong dan
Cac qudc gia hien nay van cd nhiing quan ngai khac nhau doi vdi vdn de hai qudc tich, do do, bp thudng tap trung gidi quyat ba vdn da co bdn la: i) co sd phap ly qudc ta vB tinh ti^ng hai qu6c tich; ii) nhiing ha qua phap ly eua tinh tiang hai quoc tich; va iii) quyln xa hpi - ehinh tri doi vdi ngudi hai quoc tich.
3.L Cffs&phdp ly quoc te ve tinh trgng hai quoc tich
De gidi quyit tinh tiang bai bay nhiau qudc I tich, trude tien cdc qudc gia quan tara den viec ky ket diau udc quoc te (thudng la da phuang) va I vdn da ndy. Cdc cong udc quoc ta quan tipng cd lian quan den vdn da bai qudc tich Id Cdng udc 1 nam 1963 ve giam thiau tinh tiang nhieu qudc I tich va nghia vy quan su tiong trudng hpp nhiau
quoc tich (Cong udc nara 1963) va Cong udc chau Au nam 1997 ve quoc tich (Cdng udc chau Au nam 1997).
, Cong udc nam 1963 xdc dinb raye tieu eo J ban tiong vice giai quyet ede trudng hpp nhiau
qudc tich va no lyc giam thieu cac trudng hpp J nhiau quoc tich, phu hpp vdi muc dich cua Hpi J dong chau Au. Tuy nhian, cd rat it qudc gia tham
gia Cong udc nay, do Cong udc khdng cd y nghTa thye tl.
Cdng udc chau Au ndm 1997 lai quy dinh theo . hudng thira nhan hai quoc tich. Nhung Cong udc J ciing quy dinb viec tir bd quoc tieb gde se Ididng , dupe coi la diau kien de xin nhap qudc tich quoc
^ gia chdu Au khac, neu quoc gia gde khdng chip J nhan viee tir b6 qu6c tich (Diau 14-16).
Nhu vdy, xu hudng bi?n nay eua eac nude chau Au la ghi nhan tiong cdc van kian phdp ly qudc te viee thira nhan van da bai quoc tjch. Tliuc ta ngay cang cd nhieu qudc gia siia doi phap ludt theo hudng chap nhdn hai quoc tjcb cua ngudi dan.
3.2. Cdc vdn de phdp ly lien quan den van de hai quoc tich dnh hir&ng den vi§c thiea nhgn/khong thira nhgn cua quoc gia
Hien nay, cae qudc gia vdn cdn cd nhiing chu truong, chinb sach khac nhau doi vdi vdn dl thira nhdn hay khdng thira nhan bai qudc tich. Tbeo dd, vice thira nhan hay khdng thira nhan hai qudc tich cua cac qudc gia cbju su tac dpng cua rapt so van da pbap ly noi com sau day: nghTa vy qudn su, lya chpn phdp ludt dp dung, khd nang bi danh thua hai Idn va bao hp ngoai giao.
Ve nghia vu qudn su ciia nguai co hai quoc tich Da timg cd nhung quan ngai ve vdn de lieu rapt cdng ddn ed hai qudc tich co phai thyc hien nghia vu quan su ddi vdi ca hai qudc gia md mmh cd qudc tich hay khong, Tuy nhien, den nay mdi quan ngai ndy da dupe giai tda. Mpt la, do boi cdnh lich su da thay doi tir chinh sdch huy dpng nhap ngu bo sung lye luong phuc vu chien tranh thi nay da khdng cdn chinh sach nay. Hai la, bien nay tien tha gidi eac qudc gia da ky ket, thdng qua nhiau van kien song phuong va da phuang gidi quyet vdn de nay^.
Vdn de chon ludt dp dung de gidi quyet cdc quan hi ddn su, hon nhdn gia dinh co liin quan din nguai hai quoc tich
Theo Tu phap qudc ta, qudc tich dupe coi la mdt tiong nhiing co sd da lua chpn luat dp dyng, ddc biet ttong trudng hpp gidi quyat cac vu viec va bdn nhan gia dinh vd thua ke. Day cung la rapt ttong nhiing kho khan khdng nhd cho cdc qudc gia do van Ae ngudi hai qudc tich gdy_ ra, dac biet ttong trudng hpp ap dung nguyan tac 'luat qudc tich" hay "ludt noi cu tni" da chpn ludt dp dung.
Doi vdi ngudi cd hai hay nhiau qudc tjch, nguyan tdc qudc tich huu hieu ciing thudng dupe cae quoc gia tinh dan tiong viee lua chpn ludt dp dung.
Khd ndng bi ddnh thue hai lan
' ^ Legomsky (2003:125 ff.) danh muc cac thoa thuan quIc tl vl vSn dl cong dSn co hai quoc tjch co quyen dupe t lira chon quoc gia nai thyc hien nghTa vy quan su, hoac se dupe miln nghia va quan sy tai quoc gia hp dang ky 'i thudng tru.
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IcraisE&m
Mpt qudc gia ed quyan yeu edu edng ddn ciia gap vdn d l trd ngai (qu6c gia nay doi bao hO minh dong thua ebo dii ngudi nay dang sinh sdng ngoai giao vdi ngudi vira cd quIc tich ciia mmh,, tiong nude hay ngoai nude. Ban canh do, mpt ca
nhdn ciing phai tbye hien nghia vu ddng thue tai noi minh eo boat dpng kinh doanh, san xudt.
Nhirng nguyan tac dp dyng thue neu tten ed tha ddn dan he qud ngudi hai quoc tich ed tha phai ddng thue hai Idn.
vua c6 qudc tich cua qudc gia kia).
3.3.^ Quyen xa hpi - ddn sir ddi vdi ngirdi hai qudc tfch
Quyin bdu cu
Thong thudng cdc quIc gia quy dinh cong ddn cua minh se co quyln bau cir. Do dd, digu Thuc tien cho thdy chi co mdt sd qudc gia quan ngai d day la, ngudi bai quoc tjcb cd quyen ddnh tbue cdng dan eiia minh ddi vdi cac ngudn bau cur d ca hai qudc gia ma hp mang quoc tjch thu nhap toan edu. Nhieu qudc gia khdc ciing da vd bay khdng (ttan nguyan tdc binh dang "mpt eon^
dang dam phan, ky kit cdc thda thuan song ddn, mdt la pbilu"). Tuy nhian, tbye ta lai co rat phuong va da phuong ve viee tranh danh thue hai it edng dan cu tni d hai ngoai tham gia cupc bo Idn. Tuy nhien, trong boi canh toan cdu hda va phieu tiong nude. Bdi thdng thudng cae qu6c gia eupe edeh mang cdng nghe 4.0 dang dian ra manh td chiic bd phiau tai cac diem bd phieu tiong me, cac loai hinh kinh doanh, ddu tu radi, xuyan
quoc gia ngay edng tid nen da dang va ddi mdi thi lai xuat hien trudng hpp ngudi hai qudc tich ttdn thua tai ca bai qudc gia, do co cha kiam tia eheo v l viec ddng thue giiia cac quoc gia con ban che.
Vdn de bdo ho ngogi giao
Theo pbap luat qudc ta, bao bp ngoai giao id
nude hoac chi bd phieu tai co quan dai dien ngoai giao tai nude ngoai ddi vdi phai doan ngoai giao eua qudc gia do.
Cdc quyin lai, nghia vu khdc cua nguoi hai quoc tich
- Ddm bdo su hoa nhgp vai cgn^ dong xa hoi: Mpt sd qudc gia ddt ra yeu edu, dieu kien dl bien phap mpt quoc gia tien banb nham bao ve nhap qudc tich la phdi ed kien thiic, hieu biat ve quyen vd lpi ich hpp phdp cua cong dan nude xa hpi, van hda, lich sir,biat ngdn ngii cua qu6c minh trude cae co quan nha nude eo tham quyen gia sd tai va coi day la co sd de ddm bao ed nhan cua quoc gia nude sd tai. Doi vdi trudng bp^ co till hda nhdp vdi cpng dong, xa hpi cua quIc ngudi hai quoc tich eo the lam phat sinh rapt so gia ma bp xin nhdp qudc tjch.
tranh ludn lien quan den viec rapt qudc gia can - Long trung thdnh doi vai Td qudc - thu thiep vao viec gidi quyat vy viec ciia cong ddn thdch voi nguoi hai qudc tich: Day la vdn dl dupe rainh, nhung eo lian quan din qu6c gia khac ma dac biet quan tdm ttong thai ky chiln ti-anh. Khi ngudi nay cung mang qudc tich. do, cdc quoc gia tiiam chiln cdn bd sung lyc lupng
Da giai quyat moi quan ngai nay, nam 1955.
Toa an Cong ly qudc te lan ddu tien da dua ra budng dan yau cdu mpt qudc gia can phai cbiing rainh dupe yau td quoc tich vd moi lien kit thoa ddng doi vdi rapt cong ddn\ Thong thudng raoi lien kat d day dupe xac dinh la noi cong ddn do hien dang cu tni.
Dilu 4 Cdng udc nam 1963 quy dinh: Mpt
qudn dpi, nen huy dpng edng dan nude minh nhap ngd. Doi vdi ngudi bai qu6c tieb thi day rd rdng la mpt thu thach Idn: yeu cdu long trung thdnh vol mpt qudc gia se bat bupc ngudi do phai lya chpn.
Tuy nhian, ngay nay, vdn dl nay lai dupe quan tam tu gde dp ngudi hai qu6c tich eo dupe tham giava ddi song chinh tti ciia ddt nude, ndm giii cae vj tri nhat dinb hoac 1dm viec tai cae co quan Nhd nuac quoc gia khdng dupe bdo hp ngoai giao cho cong bay khdng (nhu lam can bd, cdng chiic ) ddn nude minh tai qudc gia khac ma ngudi nay 4. Van de thira nh^n, khong thira nhSn hai cung mang quoc tich va^ hien dang eu tni. Thyc quoc tich tren t h i gidi
tiin gdn day cho thdy moi quan ngai nay da timg Theo phap ludt qudc gia, qu6c tich duoc xac buoc dupe gidi quyat va khong trd thdnh van da dinh theo hai nguyan tdc eo ban: Nguyen tdc aulc ndi com trong ddi sing cpng ding quoc te, trir tich triet de hoac nguyan tdc qu6c tich hiiu hieu phi quan he chinh tii giira cdc qu6c gia lian quan Theo do, uan tbl gidi bien nay dang c6 ba nh6m 3 Toa an Cong ly QuIc tl. Ban an cho vu Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala) trong Bao cao ICJ s6 r\
p.20{f. niy55),
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So 0 2 / 2 0 2 0 - N a m thii miTdi lam
quoc gia theo cae quan diim khac nhau ye van de hai qudc tich: i) khong thira nhan bai quoc tich; ii) khong thira nhan bai qudc tich, trd trudng hpp ngoai le nhat dinh; vd iii) thira nhdn hai quoc tjch.
4.1. Khdng thira nhgn hai quoc tich Mpt so qudc gia tien tha gidi ed chirib sach khong img hp viee cd bai qudc tich cua cdng ddn nude minh va ap dung nguyan tac mdt qudc tich triet de. Tuy nhian, do khd cd the kiem sodt dupe cong dan ed qudc tieb nude khac tai cae qu6e gia thira nhdn bai qudc tich, nen cac tjuoc gia da dua ra eac quy dinh nbdm dara bao tdi da nguyan tic mdt qudc tich (vi dy, yeu cau ^hai tir bd qudc tjch gde de ed tha dupe nhdp quoc tich qudc gia do).
Cac qudc gia co tha tian hanh nhiau bien pbap da bao dam nguyan tae mdt qudc tich triat da, nhu:
- Quy dinh viec ty dpng mat qudc tich neu tu nguyen xin nhap qudc tich quoc gia khae (Ao, Due, Azerbaijan, Thyy Dian, Trung Qudc'' (trii Hong Kong, Ma Cao), An Dp, Indonesia, Thdi Lan, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Hd Lan, Na Uy, Smgapore).
- Cd the kbQng ty dpng mdt qudc tich khi tu nguyen xin nhap qudc tich qudc gia khac, nhung phdi lam thu tuc tir bo (Nam Phi).
- Cd the kbdng ty ddng mdt qudc tieb nau ngudi CO hai quoc tich khdng tian hdnh thu tuc tir bo quoc tich khi den tudi trudng thanh, hoac tiong mpt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh cdng dan CO nhieu qudc tieb phai dua ra lua chpn qudc tich (Nbdt Ban^, Montenegro, Han Qudc...).
- Tii choi nhdp qudc tjch cho tte em khi siiib ra vdi ly do tie tu dpng dupe nhdp qudc tjcb khdc vao thdi diim smh ra.
- Yeu edu ngudi xin nhdp qudc tich phai tiln
hanh thii tiic xm thdi qudc tich nhu mdt dilu kien da dupe nhap qudc tjch.
4.2. Khong thira nhgn hai quoc tich, trir trir&ng hgp ngoai le nhat dinh
Nhom cac qudc gia nay khdng ehinh thirc ghi lihdn nguyan tac mpt quoc tich tiong phdp ludt qudc gia, cung nhu khong cd bien pbap bdo ddm mdt quoc tich, nhung lai co ede quy dinh ban cha tinh tiang cdng ddn cd qudc tich nude ngoai, tni trudng hpp ngoai le do luat quy dinh.
Vi du, Luat quoc tich Viet Nam nam 2008 quy djnh cong dan Viet Nam la ngudi cd rapt quoc tich Viet Nam, trir trudng hpp dac biet dupe Chu tich nude cho phep (Khoan 3 Diau 19). Ludt Nhap eu vd qudc tieb Hoa Ky cdng khong bat bupc ea nhdn nhap qudc tich Hoa Ky phai tir bo qudc tich cii cua minh. Tuy nhien, edng dan Hoa Ky cd tha mdt qu6c tich Hoa Ky neu ty nguyen nhap qudc tich nude ngoai (Diau 349).
4.3. Thiea nh^n hai quoc tich
Nhom cdc quoc gia nay chinh thirc thira nhan hai quoc tich trong phap luat qudc gia (nhu Latvia^, Hungary'^, Slovenia^..).
Tuy nhian, mot so qudc gia thira nhdn bai qudc tjcb nhung ban cbl mpt so quyen nhat dinh nhu;
- Tai Ai Cap, cong ddn hai qudc tieb kbdng dupe quyen bo nhiem vdo Nghi vian.
- Tai Armenia, edng ddn hai quoc tjcb khdng CO quyan tham gia bau cir hoac bo nhiam vao Nghj vien.
- Tai Israel, thdnh vian Nghi vien bat bupc phai xin thdi qudc tieb khae trude khi nham chiic.
- Tai Ce, cong dan hai quoc tich kh6ng dupe bo nhiem vao Nghj vien Lian bang. Do dd, trong nam 2017 vd 2018, Ngbj vien Lian bang da xay
* Luat Quoc tjch Trung QuIc nam 1980 quy dinh; "Nu&c Cong hda nhdn ddn Trung Hoa khong cong nhdn viec cong ddn Trung Qudc mang hai qudc tich " (Dilu 3); nguoi dirac nhap quoc tich Trung Quoc khong dupe giu quoc tich nuoc ngoai cua hp (Bieu 8); c6ng dan Trung QuIc da dinh cu d nu6c ngoai se Avtang nhien mat quoc tich Trung Quoc nlu gia nhap quIc tich nuoc ngoai (Dilu 9); va nhirng nguoi da duac trd lai quoc tich Trung Quoc thi khong duac gift quoc tjch nude ngoai (Dilu 13).
* Luat Quoc tich Nhat Ban quy djnh: Nguoi co quIc tich Nhat Ban ding thai co quoc tjch nuoc ngoai phai chon mpt tt-ong hai quoc tjch truoc khi du 22 tuli (Dilu 14); ngudi da tuyen bl chon quoc tich Nhat Ban phai co nghia vu no lire tii bo quoc tich nude ngoai ciia minh (Dilu 16).
* Dieu 9 Luat Quoc tich Latvia quy dinh: Viec mang hai qu6c tich khong lam anh huon^ t6i mot ea nhan khi nguai nay da dugc eong nhan la cong dan Latvia. Nlu cong dan Latvia ding thdi mang qu6c tjch nuac ngoai thi trong moi quan h^ phap ly vdi Cong h6a Latvia, ho se duac coi la cong dan Latvia.
' Khoan 2 Dieu 2 Luat Quoc tieh Hungary ciing quy djnh tuong ty.
^ Dieu 2 Luat Quoc tich Slovenia eung quy dinh tucmg tir.
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ra 15 tnicmg hgp phat hi$n ra cac nghi si c6 hai v|y, vjn ik hai qu6c tich ciing da <Ii"?'= "S?"™, quoc tich va khong du dieu kien de giu chuc vu ciiu, thao luan trong qua trinh xay dim& ^ f : cua minh (cho du ca truong hgp ban than nghi si thien nghi duih, thong tu vS qu6c tich. Tuy nhien, khong biet ve viec nay). Viet Nam vln chua co chinh sach thita nhan van - Tai New Zealand, cong dan hai quoc tich d6 hai qufic tich, ma khing dinh nguyen tac mpt CO thS dugc b6 nhiem vao Nghi vien. Nhung cac qu6c tich" xiiyen su6t qua trinh xay dung va trim nghi sT khi da dirge b6 nhiem lai khong co quyen khai phap luat vS qu6c tich va chap nhjn mpt so xin nhap quoc tich cua quoc gia khac hoac thuc ngoai le nhat dinh trong trucmg hop dugc Chii hien quyen cua cong dan nuoc ngoai tren lanh tich nuac cho phep.
th6 New Zealand (nhu sir dung hg chieu nuoc Tren co sa nghien cuu can nhac thuc tr^g ngoai). quae t6, cac nha hosich dinh chinh sach va xay - Tai Phillipine, cong dan hai quoc tich khong dyng phap luat duac khuySn khich la nen c6 cdch dugc tham gia tranh cu. tiSp can cgi ma theo hu6ng thira nhin va giai 5. K6t lu?n qui^et van d€ hai qu6c tich. Viec thua nhan hai Van de hai hay nhieu quoc tjch ngay cang quoc tich ciing se gop phSn bao dam quyen va trd thanh van de phd bian ttong ddi sdng pbap
ly quoc ta va cac qudc gia dang eo xu hudng tiing bude thira nhdn vdn da hai qudc tich. Tuy thupc vao lpi ich quoc gia, quan diam, chinh sdch bdo bd cdng ddn, khd nang hpi nhdp vd thdi dp doi vdi kiau dan ma quoc gia se edi md, ndi Idng hoac ban ebe ban ddi vdi vdn de bai qudc tjch. Diau quan ttong nhat la phai ciing nhau hpp tdc da gidi quyet tot nhGng he qua phdp ly phat sinh tir tinh tiang hai quoc tieb.
Thyc tian hien nay vdn tdn tai mpt sd vdn da phdp ly ndi com anh budng den viee thira nhdn hay khdng thira nhdn bai qudc tich ciia ede quoc gia, nhu: quyan bau cu kep cua cong dan ed hai quoc tich tai bai qudc gia lian quan; tinh trang xung dot pbap luat giiia ede quoc gia v l van de nghia vu dong thue kep, cac quyan lian quan den bdn nhan va gia dinh, nghta vy quan sy, vdn da thira ka cua ngudi hai quoc tich; long trung thanh eua eong ddn ddi vdi quoc gia md
lpi ich hop phap cua edng ddn dupe tot hon, ttanb trudng hop cdng dan bj ket giiia cac
"khodng ttdng"hoac "xung ddt" phap ludt giiia cac quoc gia co lien quan, phu hop vdi xu budng todn cau hda va tha gidi phang ma tai ddy cac raoi lien ket gan bd lpi ich ngay cang dupe that chat va phu thudc lan nhau./.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Bdo cdo torn tat vdn da nh^p va raat quoc tjcb tai cae qudc gia thaiih vien EU eua Ban nghien ciiu Nghi vian Chdu Au (EPRS) (Bao cao PE 625.1165 thang 7/2018).
2. Co sd dii lieu v l vdn d l bai qudc tich tren tbl gidi cua MACIMIDE, Dai hpc Maastticht, nam 2016.
3. Vien nghian cim chinb sach di cu, Vdn 3i hai qudc tich trong thoi dgi linh hogt Men nay, Hpi dong nghien cuu di cu khu vyc xuyan Dai Tdy Duong, nam 2008.
4. Co quan gidm sat vdn d l qudc tich toan ngudi dd mang quoc tich; vd viec thira nhdn hai cdu (GLOBALCIT) http://globaleit eu/
quoc tich vdi kha nang hda nhdp cpng ding, xa 5. David A.J.G. de Groot, Xu budng di cut?
bdi cua ca nhdn do. do ciia cae cdng ddn bai quIc tich tai EU Tai Hien nay, Viet Nam dang co khoang 4,5 trieu lieu chdu Au, Tap 3 nam 2018 - ISSN 2499-8249 ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai^. Tbeo dai dien eiia ~ doi: 10.15166/2499-8249/238
Cyc Lanh sy, Bp Ngoai giao, qua khao sat eua (http://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/system/files/
cac CO quan dai dien ngoai giao Viet Nam nam pdf_version/EP_eJ_2018_3_forthcomine Article 2017, phdn Idn edng dong ngudi Viet Nam d _David_de%20Groot.pdf)
nude ngodi mong mu6n dupe nhap qudc tjch ciia 6. Rainer Baubock, Tranh luan vl via b dn nude sd tai vd van giu quoc tich Viet Nam de tien thien phap luat qudc gia v l quoc tich Neh'"
•sprmger.com v l thdm thdn tai que nha (vdi so lupng gdn 720 cuaIMISCOEnam2018,bttps://link, ngbin ngudi Viet Nam tai 48 qudc gia). Chinb vi /content/pd£'10.1007%2F978-3-319-927j9 Q if
^http:/^aophapluat.vn/tu-van-365/nguyen-tac-!-quoc-tich-em-deo-giup-nguoi-dan-huong-loi-368495u. .
