Tran Tuan Anh vd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGTTE 175(15): 115-120
NGHIEN Ctru XAY DlTNG CO SOf DtT LIEU D A T DAI DA MUC TIEU PHUC VU CONG TAC QUAN LY TAI PHU^OfNG COC LEU, THANH PHO LAO CAI
T r a n Tuan Anh'*, Do Van Hai', T r a n Thi Thu Thuy^, Hoang Van Hung' 'Phdn hieu Dai hoc Thai Nguyen tgi tinh Ldo Cai
^ Tru&ng Dgi hoc Nong Ldm - BH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T
Song song voi qua trinh doi moi ciia dat nuoc, cong tdc quan 1^ Nha nuoc ve ddt dai cung ngay cang hoan thien gop phan thiic ddy kinh te - xa hoi, cung co quoc phong an ninh, hoi nhgp quoc te Co so diJ lieu (CSDL) dat dai theo do dupe phat trien tro thanh mpt trong nhiing cong cu ho trp dac lire. Trong xu the chung ciia ngatih, phuang C6c Leu - mot trong nhung don vi hanh chinh trung tam cua thanh pho Lao Cai cung dang gap kho khan trong cong tac xay dung CSDL dat dai do tinh dong bp giQa cac nguon dii li$u chua cao, Nghien cuu da xay dung mo hinh khong gian mat dat tong quat va dO lifiu thSng tin thuOc tinh da myc tieu chi tiet den timg thiia dit, dfing thoi chi ra nhOng hgn chi trong c6ng tic xSy dung CSDL dat dai tai dia ban. Ket qua dat dupe phuc vu cho c6ng tac quan 1^^ th6ng tin &ii dai mpt each hieu qua, ho trp truy cap nhanh chong va chinh xac, iTng dung cfing ngh6 GIS bucrc diu da xay dimg dupe ban do mo hinh cua khu vuc Iam lien de cho cac nghign ciioi chi ti^t trong cfing tac quy hogch, do dgc va mfi hinh da chieu. Viec xay dimg co so dii li?u dat dai dupe dong bfl tren ca nu'6c de co the dap ung dupe yeu cau ve quan Ii?Nha nuac ve dat dai trong tuang lai,
Tfr khoa: Ca s& dd liiu ddt dai, GIS, qudn ly ddt dai, da muc tiiu, Ldo Cai
DAT V A N D E
Dat dai la nguon tai nguyen eo y nghia dae bigt quan trpng trong qua trinh phat trien ben vflng cua moi quoc gia. N o cQng la yeu to mang tinh quyet dinh sir ton tgi va phat trien cua con nguai va cac sinh vat khac trSn trai ddt. Dat dai la tai san mai mai voi Ioai ngucri, la dieu kien de sinh ton, la t u li^u san xuat c o ban trong nong, lam nghiep [6\
Trong qua trinh doi moi ciia n u o c ta, nganh Quan ly dSt dai da dgt d u g c nhirng thanh tuu quan trpng, gop phan thuc day kinh te - xa hpi, Cling CO quoc phong an ninh, hpi nhap quoe te. Dang va Chinh phii trong thoi gian qua eung da ban hanh nhieu van ban quan trpng chi dao v e cong tac xay dung e a s o dir lieu (CSDL) dat dai, dgc biet N g h j Quyet s6 19-NQ/TW ngay 31/10/2012 cua Ban c h i p hanh Trung u o n g Dang khoa XT ve tiep tue doi mcri ehinh saeh, phap lugt ve dat dai trong thai ky day mgnh toan dien cong cupc doi moi, tao nSn tang d e den nam 2020 nuoc ta e a
Tel- 0948 577 OOI: Email lranltiananhlnml@gmail ct.
ban trcr thanh nude cong nghiep theo hu6ng hiSn dai.
P h u o n g C6c Leu, thanh pho Lao Cai, tinh Lao Cai la mot trong nhflng dia ban gap nhieu kho khan t r u o c muc tieu hoan thien c o s o dfl lieu dat dai do nguon dfl lieu dang ky hau het con o dang giay, ehua d u g c chuyen doi sang dang so.
Trong khi do, so lugng giay chung nhgn quyen su dung dat phai su: dung phuong phap trich do chiem ty le 1cm, nen viec quan ly du lieu eon manh miin, phan tan, moi khi eo yeu cau bao cao tong hop Igi mat rat nhieu thoi gian, du lieu con thieu chmh xac. Do do, viee thiet lap he thong thong tin dat dai thong nhat da mue tieu la vo ciing can thiet [3].
Nhan thuc duge vai tro quan trpng ciia van de, eung v a i mong muon gop mgt phan sue minh trong cong tac xay dung c o sa du lieu da mue tieu phuc vu quan ly nha nu6c ve dat dai.
Chiing toi tien hanh thuc hien nghien cuu d e tai:
"Nghien cuu xay dung c a sa dir lieu dat dai da muc tieu phuc vu cong tac quan ly tai phudng Coc Leu, thanh pho Lao Cai, tinh Lao Cai".
Tran Tuan Anh va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 175(15): 115-120 VAT LTEU, PTfUONG PHAP NGHIEN C U U
V a t lieu nghien cii-u
- Cac dii lieu khong gian, thupc linh ciia dja diem thue hien nghien ciiu.
- Phieu dilu tra ngudi su dung dat, chinh quyen dia p h u o n g va cac cap quan ly dat dai, - Phan mgm Microsoft Exel va cae phan mem he thfing GIS nhu: Arcview, Mapinfo, Microstalion v.v.
P h u o n g p h a p nghien ciru Phirang phdp xay dirng cff sa dii- lieu - Tren co sd cac phan mem ciia he thong GIS nhu: Mapinfo, Acrview, Microsation va Excel tign hanh xay dimg c o sd du lieu khong gian, du lieu thupc tinh phuc vu cong tac danh gia dat, quy hoach sii' dung dat.
Phteangphdp thu thgp so lieu
- Thu thap cac du lieu khong gian va thupc tinh ve cac mat dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te, phudng hpi, tinh hinh quan li su dung dat, dinh h u d n g s u dung dat... tii cac c o quan chuyen mon vdi p h u a n g phap ke thii'a co tinh chat chgn Ipc.
- Khao sat, quan sat thyc dia giiip cap nhat va xay dung nguon e o sd du lieu,
- Kel hgp phong van thong qua bp cau hdi md doi vdi ngudi su dung dat, chinh quyen dia phuong va cac cap quan ly dat dai, Phieffng phdp phdn tich, thong ke sd lieu - Su' dung eae ehue nang ciia phan m i m ting dung GIS va cac phan mem ho trg phan ticli, thong ke nguon du lieu da dugc xay dung.
Pbtvffng phdp xay dirng hdn do -'Tren co sd phan mem ting dung GIS tign hanh xay dung ban dd don tinh, sau do, ket hgp giira chong xgp he thong ban do dan linh ket hgp vdi cong tac cap nhat thong tin xay dung ban do don vi dai dai, ban do he thong thong tin dat.
KET QUA NGHIEN C U U V A T H A O LUAN X a y d u n g c o so' d n lieu d a m u c tieu Vdi muc dich ho t r g quan ly va nang cao hieu qua sii dung dSt, nghien cuu da lya chgn thuc hien xay dung C S D L khong gian va thugc 116
tinh cua mat dat, dudi mat dat va tren mfit dat [2], Viec xay d u n g C S D L da the hien cac thong tin ciia d^t dai dua tren c o sd dfl lieu thu thap d u g c va thuc hien tren phan mSra ArcGIS 10,1,
C S D L k h o n g gian Xdy dirng he CSDL mat ddt
Nghien eiiu da ket hop cac tai lieu thu thap dugc tii' ban do dia ehinh dgng so (*.dng) ty le 1/2000; so lieu thong ke dat dai; anh vien tham dua tren moi trudng ArcGIS xay dung duoc C S D L nhu hinh 1 duoi day
Hinh 1. Anh viin thdm phu&ng Coc Liu (2015) Nguon Inleniel Tong quat hoa he CSDL mat dat cua dja ban nghien cuu dua tren CSDL ve he thong dii lieu mat nude song, suoi, ho tren dja ban; he thong dii lieu giao thong; he thong dir lieu cay xanh, kliu sinh thai, cong vien, khu thuong mai djch vu va dat d; cae dia diem try sd, e a quan, cong trinh sy nghiep tren dia ban (hinh 2), Xay dirng CSDL tren, du&i dat Can Cli' theo dinh hu'dng nghien cii'u ciia de tai can the hien khai quat viec sir dunu lai nguyen dat, cae nhom doi t u a n g khong gian d u g c chgn the hien ehi tiet bao gdm h? lliong e4p thoat n u a c ; he thong nha d, cdng trinh va he thong cay xanh trong khudn kho dja ban phuong Coc Leu (hinh 3),
Tran Tudn Anh va Df^ Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 175(15): 115-120
t a B A'-'- •' ra. : : ; : i * -' > a " - 3 • ' ^ ^ i
Hinh 3. Mo hinh hi thdng cdp thodt nuac vd nhd a phu&ng Cdc Leu Viec xae dinh he CSDL dudi long dSt va tren mat ddt la co sd cho viee mo hinh hda he thdng thong tin dSt dai dugc thuan tien, trd thanh cong cu ho trg cong tac quan ly Nha nude ve dat dai [3]. Dya trgn CSDL vl he thong cdng ranh thoat nude tren dja ban; he lh6ng cay xanh tren cac tuyin pho; he thdng co sd vSt chat (dfl lieu ve cac toa nha, khu cong vien v.v.) da mo hinh hoa khong gian he thong co sd du lieu be mat mpt each tdng quat nhu sau (hinh 4).
Xay dirng co sd dir lieu thuoc tinh
Cae dfl lieu thupc tinh sau khi thu thap dugc to ehiie he thong lai theo eae tru'dng (fields) du lieu
va tai moi hang ghi thfing tin thupc ti'nh chi tiet ciia mfii thira dat. Cac thong tin dugc bien tap
theo he thfing cac trudng nhu sau (bang I).
Tran Tu3n Anh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 175(15): 115 -120
Hinh 4. CSDL khong gian phuang Cdc Leu Bang 1, Cdc truang da bin thuoc tinh chi tiii cua thua ddt STT
1 2
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ten Tru'o-ng STT To_so T h u a s o Chu_sii_dung D i a c h i Dien_tich Muc_d ich_su_dung Tinh_hinh_GCN Tranh_chap, Vi_Tri Gia_QD Gia_TT Ten_Truc_chinh Ten_Truc_phu Thiie_tritoc_ba Thue_sdd Ghi_clui
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Cac thdng lin trgn d u g c lay tir ban do dia chlnh da quy chu, kit hpp thu thap bang gia dat hang
nam va tinh loan thue ehi thu'a ddt.
Doi vdi cac cong trinh tren, dudi mat dat he thdng thfing tin dugc xay dyng theo cac trudng Ihong
lin sau (bang 2),
Tran Tuan Anh vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHE 175(15): 115-120
Bang 2. Cdc truong dd lieu thugc tinh cdc cdng trinh trin, duai mdt ddt
STT Ten Tnrong Type Gai thich
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Sfi thii: tu Uong bang thupc tinh T6n ciia cong trinh dudi dat Logi cflng trinh Ca quan quan ly cong trinh Hoto thinh hay chua
Dfl siu, cao cfing trinh so vdi mat dat
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KET LUAN
Qua trien khai xay dyng CSDL dat dai da muc tieu tren dia ban phudng Cde Leu, thanh pho Lao Cai, tinh Lao Cai thu dugc eac ket qua nhu sau:
- Dieu tra, tdng hgp dupe cac so lieu, dii lieu phan anh dung hien trgng, can thiet de phuc vu cong tac bien tap ban do.
- Ban do sd duge bien tap hoan chinh tren phan mem ArcGis da the hien day du eac ldp thong tin ve khdng gian (thua dat, khoanh dat, giao thong, thuy van, dia hinh v.v.) va thdng tin thupc tinh (dien tich, dja danh, so lugng v.v.).
- Co sd du li?u thong tin khdng gian va thuOc tinh duge bien tap hoan chinh, cd the cho phep truy van, fli6ng ke cac thong tin theo yeu cau eiia ngudi diing mdt nhanh nhat
Ket qua eiia de tai eho thay tinh hieu qua va
kha nang ung dyng eua he thdng thdng tin dia
ly trong vi^e xay dung CSDL dat da mue tieu
trong quan 1^ tai nguyen dat. Vi vay, can triSn
khai dong bp, xay dyng CSDL da muc tieu
tren toan bg lanh tho. Cac dia phuong can tao
CO che uu tien su' dung edng nghe thong tin
GIS vao quan ly eac ngudn thdng tin, day
Tran Tuan Anh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 175(15): 115-120 manh dao tao, tap huan chuyen mdn, nghiep
vu vh ling dung cong nghe thong tin. X a y dung quy chuan ehung va rieng eho cac loai thdng tin dau ra dS trong qua trmh s u dung se tien cho viec chia se va ket ndi c o sd du lieu.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguyin Van Binh, Le Thj Hoai Phuong (2010),
"iTng dung GIS dS xay dyng co sd du lieu gia dat theo vj tri phuc vu Chi tru'cmg bat dong san tai phucmg Hoa Cucmg Bac, quan Hai Chau, thanh pho Da Nang", Ky yiu hoi thdo ling dung GIS todn qudc, Nxb Nfing nghiep, tr. 52-62 2. Nguyen Trpng Binh, Tran Thi Bang Tam (1996), He thdng thdng tin dia ly GIS, Dgi hoc Nong nghiep I, Ha Noi
3. D6 Due Doi (2010), Ca s& dd lieu ddt dai da mgc tieu - thuc trgng gidi phdp, Trung tam Luu trir va Thfing tin dit dai.
4. Trinh Huu Lien, Hoang Van Hiing (2013), Xdy
dung vitng gid Iri ddt dai phuc vu qudn iy ddt doi vd dinh gid ddt, Nxb Nong nghiep, Ha Npi.
5. Qufie hfii (2003), Ludt ddt dai sS 13/2003/QHl}
ngdy 26 thdng 11 nam 2003
6. Nguyin Thi Yen, Hoang Van Hiing (2012),
"Nghien cuu mot so anh hudng den gia ik a tai thanh phfi B5c Ninh, dnh Odc Ninh nam 2011", Tgp chi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi - DHTN, 98(10), tr. 69-74.
7. Peter A Burrough va Rachael A. McDonnell (1998), Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford.
8 Kamal T.Azar, Joseph Ferreira, Jr (1994), Using GIS for ealimating the spatial distribution of Land value in metropolitan Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut.
9. Star, Jeffrey and Estes, John E. (1990) Geographic Information Systems: An introduction, Prentice-Hall inc., Englewood Cliffe, New Jersey.
S U M M A R Y
R E S E A R C H B U I L D I N G M U L T I P U R P O S E D A T A B A S E T O S E R V I C E L A N D M A N G E M E N T IN C O C L E U W A R D , L A O C A I C I T Y
Tran Tuan A n h ' ' , Do Van Hai', Tran Thi Thu Thuy^, Hoang Van Hung' Thai Nguyen University — Lao Cat Campus
^ TNU University of Agriculture and Forestry Along with the renewal process of the country, die state management of lands is improved increasingly, in order to boost socioeconomy and strengthen defense and security, international integration. Database of land is developed to become one ofthe tools provided invaluable support.
In the genera] trend ofthe development, Coc Leu ward - one ofthe central administrative unit of the city of Lao Cai is also struggling in the work of building a database of land because the synchronization among the data source, is not high. Research has developed spatial models of ground and detailed data attribute of each parcel of land, while it points out the limitations in the area of land database. The achieved results could make a great contribution to the management of land information, support rapid and accurate access. Application of GIS technology developed model map ofthe area as the premise for the study detailed in the planning, measurement and multidimensional models. The construction ofthe land database is synchronized across the country to be able to meet the requirements ofthe State management over land in the future.
Keywords: database, GIS. land management, multipurpose. Lao Cai
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 05/9/2017; Ngdy phdn biin: 11/10/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng: 29/12/2017
Tel: 0948577001; Email. Iranluananhlnmt@gmailo 120