The first relates to the effect of the proximity of parks and open spaces to facilities for the elderly on health. Data was collected for parks and retirement homes and the distance to each point was calculated.
Results Discussion and Limitations
Conclusions
An empirical estimate of the infection mortality rate of covid-19 from the first Italian outbreak. Available at SSRN. An empirical estimate of the infection fatality rate of covid-19 from the first Italian outbreak.medRxiv, 2020.
Taylor & Francis
Introduction
That certainly applies to parts of the Pacific Ocean, but in reality the region is very varied with low-lying atolls interspersed with high, mountainous and sometimes volcanic islands. The region consists of thousands of islands scattered across a vast ocean, ranging in size from the atoll country of Tokelau with just over 1,500 inhabitants to the rugged and mountainous country of Papua New Guinea with almost 9 inhabitants. million.
Socio-economic Context
Coming of COVID-19 and How It Is Reported in the Pacific Region
- The Spread of Covid-19 in the Region
As of 15 September there were 3,656 COVID-19 cases (Figure 26.1) and 38 deaths reported in the Pacific, with significant increases reported in the previous four weeks, particularly in Guam, French Polynesia and PNG (Figure 26.2)5. In New Caledonia, where border restrictions were still some of the strictest globally, there were only 26 cases, none of which were from community transmission.
Mapping COVID-19 in the Pacific
- Communicating the Pandemic
- Awareness and Coping Strategies
Cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the Pacific as of September 15, 2020 (Source: See footnote 5) region is a way to easily access, use, and link these different data sources. There is also the Pacific Response Map to COVID-19 created by the Australian National University (ANU) CartoGIS, the Australian Pacific Security College (PSC) and the ANU Department of Pacific Affairs to monitor the ongoing responses of island countries and territories of the Pacific7.
What Is Being done to Monitor the Impact of COVID-19 via Economic Statistics?
- Economic Impacts and Fiscal Responses
- Social Protection
In the second quarter of 2020 there were zero tourist arrivals in Fiji, Samoa and the Solomon Islands. Fiji's tourism industry accounts for approximately 35% of GDP, which is why the impact of COVID-19 is estimated to be creating such a large contraction in Fiji's economy.
What We Can Learn from COVID-19 for Future Pandemics or Other Disasters?
The extent of the social and economic damage caused by the pandemic has caught most countries by surprise, so social protection responses to COVID are on a limited basis. Although the pandemic has raised the profile of social protection as a major policy concern, much remains to be done.
Building Preparedness Through Better Data
Effects of COVID-19 on the food systems in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) and a look into the PSIDS responses. URL https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/km-qap/UNDP-RBAP-Position-Note-Social-Economic-Impact-of-COVID-19-in-Asia-Pacific-2020 .pdf.
Introduction
In this chapter, we present evidence to inform evolving COVID-19 response planning by analyzing how Australians thought, felt and behaved in response to the so-called. These topics were investigated through an online survey of Australian adults (n=999) between grades 3-6. April 2020, less than a week after "stay-at-home" restrictions were enacted nationally to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
Early Phase of the Australian Epidemic and the Public Health Response
We examine how these trends differed between lower and higher impacted Australian states and territories. We conclude with insights into how these elements interacted with people's mental health and well-being under pandemic restrictions.
Understanding the Response of Australians to COVID-19
Overview of Data Collection and Analysis
Finally, we included an open-ended question to allow people to express their top concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. A plain language statement appeared on the screen and respondents were required to provide electronic consent before the survey questions were displayed.
Geographic Variation in COVID-19 Epidemiology and Public Health Response in Australia
The questionnaire was administered online to YouGov Australia panel members of individuals who have agreed to participate in public opinion surveys (over 120,000 Australian adults). Proportional quota sampling was used to ensure that respondents were demographically representative of the Australian adult population, with quotas based on age, gender, income and location (state and metropolitan or regional).
Findings
- How did people perceive the risk and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection?
- How did people change their behaviours to prevent the spread of COVID-19?
- How were people’s concerns and perceptions related to their adherence to prevention measures?
- What was the social and emotional impact of COVID-19?
- How did COVID-19 affect people’s connection to others and people’s connection to others influence their experience of
- Level of worry about the COVID-19 outbreak in Australia
- Perceptions of the future for Australia and the world
- Five elements to support people and communities confronted with disaster
In survey 2, 60.4% of respondents were somewhat or very optimistic about Australia's future, and 47% felt the same way about the world's future. On the future of the world: in Survey 1, 46% of respondents were somewhat or very optimistic about the future of the world, and 47% felt this way in Survey 2.
Discussion and conclusions
Other studies conducted during COVID-19 have shown that access to reliable health information and precautions such as hand hygiene and mask wearing were associated with less emotional stress [45,51]. Follow-up studies should also focus on populations most affected by COVID-19 – in terms of disease outcomes and limitations – to understand what different groups may need to help them follow public health guidelines and to support the development of tailored and targeted public health policies.
COVID-19 Developments and Further Research
Psychological effects and associated factors of covid-19 in a Mexican sample. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, pages 1–12, 2020. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of stay-at-home, social distancing, and social resources.
Introduction
- Proximity and density
- Vulnerability and public health
- Accessibility, adaptation and resilience
The results show the correlation between the number of infection areas divided by zones and the users' behavioral changes with regard to the use and adaptation of housing and public spaces. In this way, city dwellers experience nature most of the time at the "cognitive level of urban space", i.e. at the level where "the people on the street".
Case Studies Context Summary
- M´ exico city, Bogota, and Quito: common urban realities
- Informality and public health
In the case of Quito, the homologous territorial administrative division is called "Administraci'on Zonal" with eight such subdivisions. This risk increases in the case of Bogota and Quito, where large numbers (450,000 in Bogota alone) of Venezuelan migrant refugees are involved in informal economic activities, as public vendors, increasing their vulnerability and infection rate [33].
Research Methodology
- Data collection
- Data analysis
Online survey: (a) Qualitative information: The collected responses were analyzed using content analysis and sentiment analysis tools [45], looking for the opinions and experiences of the participants before the restrictions of the quarantine. The reports of the COVID-19 may also have misreported information about the number and location of cases.
Results
- Survey results (housing, public space, mobility, community)
- Geospatial analysis results (proximity, accessibility, density, etc.)
- Integration of survey and geospatial results
- Statistical analysis: Multiple Linear Regression analysis results
This section presents the results of the geospatial analysis of the selected variables (proximity, accessibility, density) in our three case study areas. The values represented in each cell in the geospatial analysis section represent the percentage of the municipal area that has access to the point of interest within 1,500 m.
Discussion
- Main findings of analysis
- Main findings and links to similar COVID-19 studies or reports
- Impact of findings on COVID-19 strategies and planning
- Recommendations for decision-makers and community-based initiatives
36% of survey participants in the case study cities reported being impaired in their mobility, 74%. This is also supported by the results of the Google community reports on the use of public space [57], which show an increase in use in European cities (+85%) and a large decrease in the use of public space in our study countries (-45). %).
Conclusions and Future Work .1 Summary of main findings
- Contributions to research and practice
- Future steps
Mapping repertoires of collective action to face the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Power and Privilege, Gentrification and Urban Environmental Justice in the Global North.
Introduction
Despite the very uneven distribution and intensity of the spread of COVID-19 in different regions – and taking into account highly decentralized health care responsibilities and shared federal and provincial leadership for national emergency coordination – Canada has been able to establish a reasonably effective and well-coordinated response. All Canadian provinces and territories now have data-driven dashboards or geospatial tools highlighting the incidence of COVID-19 in their respective jurisdictions.
Context
- History and extent of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Canada
- Federal/Provincial Issues and Reactions
Constitutionally, while Canada's federal government provides nationwide leadership and coordination across all 14 jurisdictions in a national emergency (such as a global pandemic), each provincial government is responsible for adapting and implementing its own regional or local specific emergency management plan. Federal authorities are also required to provide 2-way communication with all provinces and territories when coordinating the influx of returning citizens and international travelers leaving or entering the country at the more than 140 border crossings, 14 international airports and over 550 ports. facilities that play a strategic role in Canada's supply chain for goods and services.
Institutional and Technical Responses
- Geospatial Monitoring and Analysis – Contact Tracing
Exposure notification apps notify you if you've been near someone who later tested positive for COVID-19. From an institutional perspective, widespread public and commercial interest in COVID-19-related contact tracing apps quickly raised concerns among both government privacy commissioners and civil advocacy groups across Canada.
Discussion
Please note that this app does not provide location, names, addresses, places, contact times, or any health information to anonymize and protect the health information of Canadians.
Towards the Future
Bennett Jones LLP, 2020. https://www.bennettjones.com/Blogs-Section/COVID-19-and-Contact- Tracing-Apps-in-Canada Last accessed June 22, 2020. A framework for the Government of Canada to Privacy Assessment - Impact Initiative in Response to COVID-19. Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, 2020. https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/.
Introduction
Three categories of applications were identified and described following the completed analysis of the content and purpose of COVID-19-related geospatial applications and solutions. The first, the visual analysis of COVID-19 related health statistics follows the concept of multiple coordinated views and dynamic queries.
Visual Analytics of COVID-19-related Health Statistics in Czechia
Tracking and analyzing the movement of people 395 The map enables the analysis of the number of people infected with COVID-19, using several linked views to present the data. Each of the views (Map and Charts) allows for various interactions such as brushing, ratio analysis, and filtering that trigger an immediate update of the other views.
Tracking and Analysis of People’s Movement and Determination of Risky Contacts
It is also possible to select people over 70 as a group and highlight the regions with the highest number of infected senior citizens.
Decision Support Systems for Public Administration, Emergency Services and Volunteers
Masaryk University (MUNI) in Brno, Czech Republic, established a coordination center for volunteers right at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis5. The internal version of the map of volunteers was used by 30 people, usually 7 workers per day.
Conclusions and Discussion
The first part describes the phased evolution of the perception and treatment of the virus in the first half of 2020. In the second part, a multidimensional analysis describes the societal impact of the health crisis and its negative and positive effects on France in general and, by analogy, in Europe and the world.
Introduction
The study first presents the temporal features of the pandemic associated with the mix of scales, phase shifts, delays, inertia, and the random and unpredictable dynamic nature of crisis evolution. Second, an image qualified as functional depicts the virus in relation to the different roles it played in terms of its ability to reveal phenomena, accelerate dynamics, divide or reconcile communities, induce new behaviors, to eliminate or restore weakened entities and a questioning of the meaning of existence of our societies' lifestyles.
Observation
- Evolution of the Crisis, Health Measures, and Risk Perception
- Synthesis
In the face of this prolonged crisis and the procrastination of the executive on some issues (tests, masks, etc.), the confidence of the French people has not collapsed, but it has been significantly eroded. In the end, the risk of death can be minimized by the various emergency exits along the path of the infected person.
Multidimensional Analysis
- Temporal View
- Functional View
Digital revolution. Digitization has shown the extent of its capabilities in the treatment of the corona crisis. It goes beyond the framework of the state and will be strengthened in the future.
Conclusion
A shift from protectionism to the precautionary principle. Should quality standards and norms replace customs tariffs? Modeling and forecasting the spread and mortality of the coronavirus (covid-19) in the world using time series models.
Spatial Information During a Pandemic
The concept of the Digital Earth - the aspirational digital representation of our physical, social and natural world - is introduced to serve as a critical digital infrastructure for proactively informing our policies, investments, planning, design and behavioral responses to manage disaster situations. crisis, including pandemics. This renaissance culminating in the realization of a Digital Earth will expand our horizons for interpreting events and create new ways of expressing our situational awareness through the arts, philosophy, and scientific research.
A New Paradigm of Thinking
New thinking is sought to revitalize these cultural and societal approaches to spatial information and its metaphorical expression of objective science and our own identity and associations with places. Real-time Digital Earth 415 responses from various interdisciplinary teams that may include scientists, policymakers, health workers, supply chain operators, data scientists, foreign diplomats and technologists.
Digital Earth
416 Digital Earth: A World Infrastructure for Sustaining Resilience such as the metabolome and transcriptome [6] are sought for valuable insights to accelerate the search for a vaccine and improve patient treatment. Similarly, at the next scale, there is exciting potential for Digital Earth to provide predictive early warnings and deliver reliable evidence-based prescriptive action in real-time at each phase and interphase transition of a multi-hazard crisis situation.
Conclusion
A digital Earth could also serve as an integrating foundation for a next generation of digital passports to enable us to travel safely and serve as an augmented supersense to protect us from harm. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for reliable data and science to guide the response of authorities, institutions and the public.
Unlocking the Value of Data
From Data Sharing to Open Science
418 COVID-19: The Open Data Pandemic partnership participants have long been associated with innovation and mountains of data. Based on hard-learned lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic, Taiwan has experienced significantly lower cases of COVID-19 than other nations.
The Future
This perspective discusses the design choices that must be made when dealing with multivariate COVID-19 data; the most common mistakes made in this process; and how to avoid them and how to present data in meaningful and effective ways.
The Mapping Challenge
How-to
It would also be possible to apply logarithmic scaling, but one wonders whether users (especially the public) can easily understand and interpret this. As with the non-homogeneous distribution over space, the course of the pandemic over time is erratic.
Case in Point
Community resilience can be better achieved through geospatial information and technology, but only if we can determine what needs to be done for communities to adopt them. The challenge of trust and concerns about what else could be done with personal data beyond its original purpose must be addressed to enable the effective use of geospatial information for planning and managing resilient communities.
Introduction
We need to extend data anonymization techniques to big data and understand what their limitations are when multiple data sources are connected.
Learning from Experience
Extending Anonymisation to “Big” Geospatial Data
Building Trust for Future Resilience
Does urban planning determine humanity's chances of survival in our cities during times of pandemic. The basic functions of existence for urban society, namely living, working, essentials and mobility, are used to examine how the current corona crisis affects architecture and urban planning.
Introduction
The great importance of sustainable and health-promoting urban development is already apparent from history. This chapter clarifies the relationship and gives initial considerations as to whether and how the distance between people, cars and buildings should be reassessed.
Present: Urban Development in Corona Times
Future: The Smart, Participatory and Resilient City
- The smart city
- The participatory city
- The resilient city
It cannot be denied that certain events will be greatly accelerated during crisis management. In addition to the undeniable advantages of digital solutions, the smart city also involves issues of personal rights in the field of conflict between informational self-determination and digital monitoring and control.
Rethinking urban planning
- Housing
- Work
- Retail business
- Transport and mobility
As a result, oversized office buildings and even more space will become available in the city. Finding a parking spot could soon be a thing of the past as networked vehicles know where the next gap in the parked cars will be.
Conclusion
Many cities have responded to changing mobility behavior with appropriate measures in the short term. Amazon Sells More, But Warns of Much Higher Costs Ahead, in: The New York Times from April 30, 2020.
Introduction
Have they modified their strategies to achieve their goals and whether this has affected them negatively or positively. 436 Towards agile strategies for increasing community resilience interviewed experts [7] from academia, industry to gain their knowledge about the consequences of the pandemic and if they plan to modify their strategies to achieve their goals.
Method
Results
Discussion and conclusion 437 senior managers are quite busy during the pandemic and see this as a new opportunity, although it takes a little more searching to find them.
Discussion and Conclusion
The oil industry and its connection to the Covid 19 pandemic. Archives of Oil and Environmental Biotechnology. Agile and adaptive governance in crisis response: Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Information Management, p.
Many Dimensions of Resilience
Economic, institutional and societal resilience is heavily dependent on this data, underscoring the importance of open and accessible data. 440 The COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland For example, an electronic platform for real estate transactions was introduced several years ago, yet the vast majority of real estate transactions (97% in 2018, according to the National Geodetic Office) have so far been done in paper form . .
The Importance of Open Geographic Data and Social Inclusion
While we have seen our economy decline, the government decided to invest in companies of all sizes to support the innovation of new digital services. Location information also took on a whole new form or role in Finland in recent months, and that was the distinction between 'us' and 'them', based on where people lived.
Lessons Learnt from Finland
Such early steps to contain the virus earlier than most European countries have been characterized as key to Greece's success. To achieve this goal, case study review analysis was implemented and best practices were concentrated.
Introduction: A Brief Review of the Pandemic
Social distancing came to the fore and many countries have been forced to take such measures immediately. The measures in Greece were strict; however, they were also among the most proactive in Europe and are credited on a global level with limiting the spread of the pandemic and keeping the number of deaths among the lowest in Europe [9].
Initial Ideas About an “Anti-social” Planning Policy: How Easy is to Combine such a Policy to the Sustainable Mobility
The above questions are raised by the opponents of the urban density planning model. The answer to these refers to the answer to some of the questions asked by Honey-Ros´es, et al.
Case Studies: Combining resilient city strategy with compact city strategy
Temporary cycle paths have been established on some important streets to give citizens an alternative and safe way to get around the city. Furthermore, the systems have been made completely free for essential workers who had to move around the city.
What’s Happening in Greece? The Case Study of Athens
However, it is considered part of the "Great Walk of Athens" because:. a) it is spatially related to the interventions and (b) this scheme is an inspiration from many years ago (see below). The cost of the interventions (at the time it was a pilot implementation) was 2 million euros.
Brief Discussion
Such interventions are the pedestrianization of the Historical Triangle of Athens and the redevelopment of some of the city center squares.
Conclusions
It should be mentioned that the "Great Walk" is also combined with other smaller redevelopments planned before the COVID-19 outbreak. URLhttps://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/covid-19-crisis-berlin-gets-pop-up-bike-lanes-to-boost-cycling-in-pandemic/story-4JXniei8HhyuSynE9rpJpL.html.
Introduction
This chapter discusses the understanding of the COVID-19 issue and its impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, particularly the Indian perspective. 456 COVID-19 Impacts on the SDGs 2030: Indian Perspective on the Goals and Indicators defined by India using various reports of international agencies, newspaper reports and research publications.
COVID-19 Impact on SDGs .1 SDG-1
- SDG-2
- SDG-3
- SDG-4
- SDG-5
- SDG-6
- SDG-7
- SDG-8
- SDG-9
- SDG-10
- SDG-11
- SDG-12
- SDG-13
- SDG-14
- SDG-15
- SDG-16
- SDG-17
In India, more than 15 lakh schools and 50,000 higher education institutions are closed due to the pandemic. That's why India's eight key industries in the infrastructure sector shrank 6.5% in March after the pandemic shutdown, according to government data.
Analysis and Interpretation
Like the other SDGs, the effects of COVID-19 have changed the nature of the collaborations. Internal conflicts have been put to rest for the time being as countries struggle with the pandemic.
Summary and Conclusion
12] URLhttps://www.news18.com/news/india/shortage-of-labour-and-machinery-during-covid-19-lockdown- pogoršava-indias-agrarian-crisis-2580143.html. 19] URLhttps://www.thehindu.com/data/data-domestic-violence-complaints-at-a-10-year-high-during-covid-19-lockdown/article31885001.ece.
What Is the GeoHealth Laboratory?
The value of a policy-responsive research funding model: the Geohealth Laboratory Collaboration in New Zealand. 470 The value of a policy-responsive research funding model teaching, for example a course entitled 'Spatial Analytics for Health'.
The Funding Model
The Work Programme
This has resulted in a range of skilled graduates now employed throughout New Zealand and overseas2. The results of the project are still emerging, but we have reported the changing spatial patterns in mobility across NZ, as well as the social and spatial differences associated with the socio-economic position of neighborhoods across NZ The ability to be flexible with projects which is provided. significant benefits, to ensure that the GHL work program met the immediate and changing priorities of MoH.
Conclusion
Spatio-temporal variation of mood and anxiety symptom treatments in Christchurch in the context of the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Exploring the social and spatial context of adult obesity in Aotearoa New Zealand: a spatial microsimulation approach.
Introduction
Melbourne, Australia's most liveable city, has endured the nation's heaviest lockdown measures as it plans revitalization. 476 The pandemic and the city: A Melbourne perspective on workplace, education, sport, entertainment, ceremonies and special occasions.
Growth of Inner-City Melbourne
The start of the 'first step' is scheduled for September 13, 2020 with the 'last step' aimed at 'COVID Normal' after November 23, 2020 subject to 'trigger points and public health advice'.
Reshaping Cities
Melbourne’s Response to COVID-19
Impacts of COVID-19 on Central Melbourne’s Liveability
Planning to Co-Exist With COVID-19
Melbourne has experienced significant declines in the visitor economy, international education sector and service economy due to the pandemic, exacerbated by Victoria's second wave of COVID-19 and the strict lockdown measures introduced in August 2020. This chapter aims to explain how the Saudi authorities apply GIS concepts in controlling the spatial risks of COVID-19.
Introduction
These applications are intended to help monitor the impact of the outbreak, manage it, communicate with the security and health services and help allocate resources that will help the community and institutions to respond effectively. 482 Spatial Modeling for Managing COVID-19 Risk in Saudi Arabia The location can be used to extract environmental conditions and meteorological variables for areas related to certain human practices and people congregating.
GIS-based Mapping and Modelling
The Current Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia (SA)
Again, these numbers show the minimal impact of the disease in Saudi Arabia compared to other countries around the world that have recorded thousands of deaths in a single day. In general, the limited negative impact of the disease in Saudi Arabia is due to the early measures taken by the authorities.
Conclusion
During this period there were many initiatives using geospatial information to predict, track and detect infections, as well as to control mobility. Geospatial information in Spain is likely to continue to play an important role as the pandemic evolves, and greater resilience is needed to address this and future challenges.
COVID-19 and the State of Emergency in Spain
Spain declared a state of emergency on March 14 due to the severe situation due to COVID-19. At the end of the state of emergency, the central government returned power to the regional governments.
Geospatial Information Use
The virus was noticed in early February, with the first cases in the Canary Islands in late January. The highest point of the contamination curve was at the end of March and the beginning of April.
Conclusions
Digital track and trace works not only because of the latest technology, but because of public trust - a key condition for its usefulness.
Introduction
Do track and Trace Mechanisms Work?
492 Lessons learned from COVIDSafe Effective use of contact tracing is mostly found in East Asia, such as China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and to a lesser extent Japan [3,4]. Still, the reason for the success of track and trace technologies in Asian countries may be cultural, as opposed to technological.
The Failures of COVIDSafe: Technology or User?
Contact tracing apps in countries like South Korea are also mandated and invasive, but extremely popular and widely discussed by community members. In contrast, most Western democracies have had little experience with modern infection control tracking techniques [5–7], which include technology adoption, infrastructure implementation, and simple data sharing agreements; let alone public awareness campaigns about contact tracing.
Enhancing Implementation Through Education
Lessons from Australia: Enhancing Contact Tracing
Comprehensive contact tracing and screening to control the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST414 in Hong Kong. Universal Shelter-in-Place versus Advanced Automated Contact Tracing and Targeted Isolation: A Case for 21st Century Technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Pandemics. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
Introduction
- We Need to Keep People and Economies Moving
Sustainable transportation can provide efficient, reliable mobility that connects people to opportunity and be COVID-proof during this pandemic. 496 Sustainable transport as a key pillar of societal resilience risks serious disruption.” Relatedly, up to 580 million people could fall into poverty [6], as estimated by the United Nations University.
Sustainable Transport and the Call for a Green Recovery
- The Three Cs: Avoid Closed, Crowded, Close-Contact Situations
- Managing Transport Demand Through Home-Based Work
There is also a high probability that the health crisis could contribute to a hunger pandemic [7] could push another 130 million people to the brink of starvation. However, it is important to note that not all workers cope well with domestic work, as evidenced by the worrying increase in domestic violence ([18] and [19]), stress [20] and depression [21].
Providing Safe Mobility to Those Who Need It
- Safe Operation of Public Transport During a Pandemic
- Biking
- Walking
- A Window of Opportunity for Sustainable Transport
498 Sustainable Transport as a Key Pillar for Community Resilience Note that this advice applies to everyone, not just public transport passengers [32]. Public transport and especially mass transport cannot initially operate with high occupancy rates due to regulations to reduce the risk of infection.
Conclusions
URL https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles japan-and-france-find-public-transit-seems-safe. URL https://www.pharmalive.com/multiple-studies-suggest-covid-19-mortality-rate-may-be-lower-than-expected/.
Introduction
We also present proposals for developing new capacities to build resilience in communities and reproduce them globally, especially in preparation for the next pandemic or global crisis. Finally, we present an overview of the core strategies that we can implement today to strengthen our capabilities against and build societal resilience in future pandemics.
Key Lessons from COVID-19
Based on science and evidence, political leaders can manage COVID-19 through adaptive public health measures. It requires cooperation, collaboration and trust throughout society; ultimately, human behavior was key to the success of the public health response to COVID-19.
The Road Ahead: The Only Certainty in the Future is Change
Strategies to Face the Next Crisis and Build Community Resilience
Research and development
With even more data and improved insights into COVID-19 and its spread, impacts and control emerging in the next year or two, we will further consolidate and expand our knowledge by undertaking more quality research. Some research will deal with more fundamental science questions while others will be more applied.
Demonstration and deployment
Of particular note is the need for geospatial information to play more prominent roles, for example in: network epidemiology, pandemic risk management, including detection versus research addressing methodological gaps in the use and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data and the development, for example, of new integrated approaches that consider spatio-temporal patterns in examining the impacts of the pandemic on the well-being of urban residents.
Frameworks, standards and regulations
Along with the research gaps identified by various contributors to this book – across disciplines – it now appears that there are many more areas that require deep research or serious research and development (R&D), especially where geospatial and temporal information is critical.
Training and human resource development
ANN, see Antwork artificial neural network drone delivery company, 74 ANU, see Australian National University APSEA, see Asia-Pacific Space Excellence. CMDS, see Common Marine Data Structure CMRF, see Child Mortality Rate Factor CNN, see Convolutional Neural Network App CoBaek Plus Common Marine Data Structure.
![Figure 29.1 is a political map showing Canada’s provinces and territories. Detailed timelines of events surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak in Canada may be found at Public Health Canada [1]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/1libvncom/9201876.0/66.918.185.714.444.907/figure-political-provinces-territories-detailed-timelines-surrounding-outbreak.webp)
