PHAT TRIEN DU LICH TAI KHU Dl TICH LjCH SUl CACH MANG ATK 0!NH HOA, THAI NGUYEN
THEO HUdNG BEN V O N G
Iran Kim Yen", Be Hien Hanh"
Tom tat
ATK Dinh Hod, Thdi Nguyin Id khu di tich lieh sU cdeh mqng dd tiing ghi ddu nhiiu sU kien trgng dqi cua ddn tpc. Vdi hi thing 108 diim di tich, trong do co 14 diem di tich cap qudc gia dUde eong nhdn, ATK Dinh Hod la ed nhiiu aim ndng di phdt trien du lich. Phdt triin du Ueh tqi khu di tieh lich sd ndy cdn ddm bdo phdt trien theo hUdng bin vdng nham bdo ton, phat huy gid tri di tieh cdng nhU dem lai hiiu qud trong hoqt dpng du lich.
Tii khod: phdt triin, du lich. di tich, ATK, bin vUng
1. Mcrdau
Khu di tich lieh s i ATK Dinh Hoa, Thai Nguyin Id ndi Chi tich Hd Chi Minh va cae nhd lanh dao Dang, Nha nude dl sdng vd Idra vile tfl 1947 - 1954 d l lanh dao eude khdng :;hiln 9 nam ehdng thfle dan Phap. Di tieh lich si ndy da dupe Nha nUde xip hang cap Qude gia ndm 1981. Ngodi vile Id ndi ghi Iai nhilu ifl kiln lich sfl trpng dai eia dan toe, ATK Dinh Hod edn mang nhilu net van boa dae sac
;ia cae ddn tdc nhfl Tay, San Chay, San Diu,
!^ing, Dao... van dfldc lflu gifl qua nep sdng.
' ThS., Khoa Du lich, Tnlcmg D?d hpc Hai Phong;
* ThS., Khoa Van - Xa h6i, TrUclng Dai hoc Khoa hoc.
Dai hoc Thai Nguyen.
52 UfidONG DAI HOC HAI PHONG
sinh boat hang ngdy. Chinh bdi vay, ATK Dinh Hod dUdc xera Id diem sang ve du lich cfla tinh Thai Nguyin. Quy hdach tong the phat triln kinh t l - xl hgi vflng trung du va mien nfli phia Bae din nam 2020 da xde dinh rd: "Phdt trien kinh t l - xl hdi ket hpp vdi bdo vl mdi trfldng vd phdt triln ben viing, gan phat trien kinh t l vdi phat trien du lich, bdo tdn va phit huy gid tri van hod lich sfl, van hoa truyen thdng dam da ban sac dan tde". Tuy nhiln, trln thfle tl, boat dpng du lich tai Khu dl tieh lieh s i each mang nay ehfla phdt trien xflng dang vdi nhflng tiem nang vdn cd mac du Ban qudn li, nganh du lich efla tinh eung d l chung tay vi sfl phdt trien lau ddi cfla dl tich.
2. Noi dung nghien cCtu
2.1. Tong quan ve khu di tich lich sd ATK Dinh Hod, Thdi Nguyin
2.1.1 Vitri dial!
Khu di tieh lieh sfl ATK Dinh Hoa thu^c dia phan cac xd P h i Dinh, Dilm Mac, Thanh Dinh, Dinh Biln, Bdo Linh, Ddng Thinh, Quy Ky, Kim Phfldng, Binh Thanh vd thj tran Chd Chu, huy^n Dinh Hoi cua tinh Thai Nguyin, vdi tdng diln tich quy hoach bdo tdn trln 5.200km^. Day cung la dia bdn
Tran Kim Yen, Be Hien Hanh
giap ranh gifla cac tinh Thai Nguyen, Tuyin Quang v l Bae Kan.
ATK Id tin gpi tat cia An toan khu Trung Udng trong thdi ki khdng chien ehdng thUe din Phap xlm Ifldc (1946 - 1954). Trong lich sfl, di tich tflng dflpe bilt din qua nhieu tin gpi khae nhau, nhu An todn khu, Khu di tieh lich sU ATK Dinh Hod, Khu di tieh lich sii An todn khu (ATK) Trung Udng.
Khu di tich nam each trung tam thdnh phd Thdi Nguyin 50km ve phia tay bae, giap ranh vdi huyln Sdn Dfldng, tinh Tuyin Quang. Dinh Hoa Id mdt huyln miln nfli.
nam d trung tim Viet Bae, n i i non lien hodn, hilm trd tao thdnh b i e man che phfl dfldng di ldi lai bin trong. O day, ddng rudng xen kl ddi, ring nln ed the tao ngudn cung d p lUdng thUe, thUe pham tai eho va cd nhilu sudi nfldc phuc vu san xuat, chien diu. Tfl nhflng eon dfldng xuyln sdn nay, du khich cd the de ddng luon rflng vfldt qua Dai Tfl, dfla vao sfldn nfli Tam Dao tien vl Sdn Tay, Hod Binh, Iln Tdy Bae. T i day men theo sfldn nfli ngfldc Iln Bae Kan, Iln Cao Bang din biln gidi Viet - Trung. Vi the, dfldi eon mat cfla cac nha qudn sU, Dinh Hoa la vflng chien Ifldc, dia ban li tfldng cho nhflng dao qudn thud ban dau nhd be, dfla vdo t h i thuan Idi d day de xay dflng Iflc Ifldng Idra nln Iflc ldn, ATK Id manh dat "tien ed the danh, lui CO the gifl".
2.1.2. Ljch si^hinh thanh
Sau mdt thdi gjan dai hoat ddng d nhieu nUdc cudi nam 1938. lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qudc rdi Liln Xd di Trung Qudc de tira each ve nUdc trflc t i ^ lanh dao phong trdo each mang. Dau nam
1940, Ngfldi din Cdn Minh (thu phi tinh Vdn Nam) va din thang 8 nam dd, Ngfldi trd lai Que Lam cimg vdi mdt sd can bd, chuan hi dilu kiln va chd cd hdi trd vl To qudc. Tai dly, vdi tam nhin ehiln Iflpc, NgUdi da nhan dinh; "Can cfl dia Cao Bang se md ra triln vpng ldn eho edch raang nfldc ta... NhUng tfl Cao Bang cdn phdi phat trien ve Thai Nguyin vd thdng xudng nfla mdi cd the tilp xue vdi todn qude dflpc. Cd ndi dUde phong trao vdi Thai Nguyen vd todn qude thi khi phat ddng dau tranh vu trang, luc thuan ldi ed the tien edng, luc khd khan cd thim gifl" [1]. Chinh vi vly, Ngfldi da quyet dinh chgn tinh Thai Nguyin - ndi cd nhdn din tdt, ed sd chinh tn tdt va d do "tien kha dd cong, thodi kha di thfl" - lam tnmg tam can cfl dia Vilt Bae. Ddng thdi, md rdng can efl dia Viet Bae bao gdm 6 tinh Cao - Bae - Lang - Ha - Tuyen - Thai.
Dau thing 11/1946, theo chi thi efla Thfldng vu Trung fldng Dang, ddng chi Tran Dang Ninh td ehfle dpi cdng tdc dae bilt lay bi danh Id Trung dpi 13 (thdnh phan gdm dai biiu thude: Quan sfl, cdng an, ed quan Trung Udng Dang, Chinh phfl...) di nghien eiu ke hoach hdnh quan eho eae cd quan Trung fldng t i Hd Ndi Iln Viet Bae dam bao tuyet ddi bi mat an todn. Gifla thing 12/1946, mpt sd can bd trong dpi edng tdc die bilt Ian Ifldt Iln vflng Viet Bae Iam nhiera vu. Sau mdt thdi gian khao sat thUe te, cln nhac ki Ifldng mpi mat. Dpi quylt dinh chpn cac huyln Dinh Hod, Dai Tfl, Phi Lfldng, Vd Nhai (Thdi Nguyen) cimg vdi cac huyen Sdn Dfldng, Yin Sdn, Chilm Hoi (Tuyin Quang) vd Chp Ddn (Bae Kan) lara ndi xay dflng ATK cfla Trung ifdng.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC Vol. 04, No. 17 - 7/2016 5 3
Ftiat tnen au nen lai KIIU OI iicn m
""""""«"="«""«
2.1.3. He thong diim dl tich tgi Khu di tich ATK Dinh Hod
Dinh Hod la radt huyln cd 128 di tich lieh sfl van hod vd danh Iam thang d n h . Thang 5/2012, khu Di tieh lieh sfl - sinh thai ATK Dinh Hoa da dflpc Nha nfldc xip bang di tieh Qudc gia die biet vdi 108 dilm di tich lieh sfl each mang, trong dd cd 14 diem di tieh xip hang d p Qude gia, 6 di tieh xep hang cap tinh.
Ciing trong ndm 2012, Bg Van hod, The thao vd Du lich xep hang 13 dilm di tieh qude gia dae bilt va 01 di tich qudc gia giao eho Ban Qudn li ATK Dinh Hoa qudn Ii, bdo tdn, phdt huy gid tri gan vdi phat trien du lieh.
1. Nhd tfl Chp Chu (thi trln Chd Chu, huyen Dinh Hoa).
2. Dia diem thanh lap Viet Nam Gidi phong quan (xa Dinh Bien, huyen Dinh Hoi).
3. Dia dilm Bde d va lam vile tai ddi Khau Ty nara 1947 (xl Dilra Mae, huyln Dinh Hod).
4. Dia diem Bde d va lam vile tai ddi Tin Keo (1948 - 1954) (xd Phfl Dinh, huyln Dinh Hoa).
5. Cum di tich Bae d Khudn Tat: Ciy da, doan sudi Khudn Tdt - ndi Bdc tam, giat va eau cl, nhd sdn vd him Bae d ddi Nd Dinh (xd Phfl Dinh, huyln Djnh Hoa).
6. Dia dilra Tong Bi thfl TrUdng Chinh va Van phdng Tnmg flong Dang Iam vile tai Phung Hiin (1947 - 1949) (xa Dilm Mac, huyln Dinh Hod).
7. Dia diem Cd quan Bd Tdng Tfl linh Quan dpi nhan dan VietNam (1949 - 1954) (xa Bdo Linh, huyen Dinh Hoa).
8. Thang d n h thac Khudn Tat (xa Phii Dinh, huyen Dinh Hoa).
9. Dia diem thanh lap Hdi Nha bao Viet Nam (xa Dilm Mae, huyln Dinh Hoa).
10. Dia diem thanh lap U^ ban Hod bmh Viet Nam (xa Dilm Mac, huyln Dinh Hoa).
11. Dia dilm thdnh lap U^ ban Kiem tn Trung fldng (xa Dilm Mac, huyen Dinh Hoa),
12. Dia diem Bao Quan dpi nhdn danra sd diu (20/10/1950) (xa Dinh Biln, huyen Dinh Hod).
13. Dia dilm doi Pu Don, ndi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh c h i tri 11 phong quan ham Dai tfldng cho ddng chi Vd Nguyin Gidp (1948) (xl Phi Dinh, huyln Dinh Hoi).
14. Dia diem thdnh lap trfldng Dang Nguyen Ai Qudc, Quylt dinh sd 2137/C^ - BVHTTDL ngdy 06/06/2012 d (ldng Luong, xa Binh Thdnh, huyen Dinh Hoa).
13 diem di tich quoc gia ddc bilt dU(?c cdng nhan theo Quylt dinh so: 548/QD-TTg ngdy 10/5/2012. Dia dilm trfldng Nguyen Ai Qude thugc khu vUc bdo vl di tich dUpc xac dinh theo bien ban va bdn do khoanh vung cic khu vfle bao vl di tich cia Sd Van hoa, The thao va Du lich Thdi Nguyin, vi vay din thing 6/2012, Bd Van boa. The thao vd Du lidi da ra quyet dinh xep hang vi trao quyin quin li cho Ban Qudn li di tieh ATK Dinh Hod ciing vdi 13 di tich qudc gia dac bilt ke trln.
Ngodi ra, tai khu vflc Dinh Hoa cdn cd he thdng tdi nguyin du lieh dan xen va ldn can nhfl Cum di tich Tan Trao, Cum di tieh Van phdng C h i tieh phu - T h i tfldng phi.... Day cung la ndi ed nhieu le hpi dae sac, ndi dien ra
5 4 I TRl/dNG B^l HOC HAI PHdNG
Iran Kim Yen, Be Hien Hanh
nhieu sinh hoat van hod dae sae cia ddng bao cdc dan toe, ndi lflu gifl nhilu biln vat hen quan din qua trinh boat ddng each mang eia Chfl tich Hd Chi Minh va cic ca quan Trung fldng trong thdi ki tien khdi nghia vd thdi Id khing chien ehdng thflc dan Phdp...
2.2. ThUc trgng boat dpng du licb tgi kbu di tich ljch sCi cdch mang A TK Djnh Hod 2.2.1. Cdc sdn phdm du lich
- Du lich vi nguon: Du khach din vdi ATK se tham quan d c dilm di tieh ddi Phong Tudng, Tin Keo, nhd t i Chp Chu, dac bilt la nhd trUng bay ATK Dinh Hod. Dl du khach CO them trai nghiem ciing nhfl hiiu siu hdn vl cum di tieh ATK, cae cdng ti Ifl hdnh cd thi Uen kit tour dfla du khdch sang ATK Tin Trdo thim tfinh Tan Trdo, dinh Hdng Thdi, lan Na Nfla, cdy da Tin Trao... Hiin nay, 20 dilm trdng khu di tieh deu dflde khai thdc dfla vdo phat trien du lich, tuy nhien ehi ed eae dilm khu trung tam, ndi dat nha tfldng niem Hd Chi Minh, Lan Tin Keo, ddi Khau Ty, ddi Pu Ddn... Id ndi phat trien eung nhfl cdng tde bao ton dflpc quan tim nhat vd dUde khai thae eho du lieh manh me nhat. NhU vay, ATK chfla khai thae dfldc bet 20 di tich, trong tdng the 108 di tich. De khai thae dflde day d i 20 di tich cln phdi ed sfl n6 lUc rit Idn eia Ban quan li di tieh ket hdp vdi cic doanh nghiep du lich vd cdng ddng dia phfldng, cdc c h i the tham gia khae.
- Du lich vdn hod: Du khach deii vdi ATK Dinh Hod ed the tim hiiu ve van hoa truyin thdng cfla cae dan tdc Tdy, Nimg, Dao, San Chay, San Diu tham gia cac le hdi, thfldng t h i e dilu hat Then, d u Sh, clu Lfldn, di^u mfla rdi Tdy,
raia sfl t i , cic trd chdi din gian. Vdi tour du lich ndy, du khich se den eae diem nhfl Ldng Bang vdi van hoa die sac cua ngfldi Tay, xem mua roi can tai Tham Rde...
- Du lich sinh thdi: Den vdi ATK Dinh Hoi, du khich ed thi kham phi nhflng net hoang sd d ndi ddy. Cac cdng ti Ifl hanh cd the dUa du khich den x l Linh Thdng, trln dia ban xd cd hang Chd - mdt hang ddng dep vd cd tilm nang vl du lich, nhflng d n h ddng lua, nhflng khu ring ep, ddi chl vd dac bilt cd the liln kit vdi diem du lich thdc Khudn Tat trong mdt bflc tranh thien nhiln himg vi gifla nii rflng ATK Dinh Hoa.
- Du lich le hpi truyin thing: Cic le hdi truyen thdng nhfl le hdi Ldng Tdng cfla cic dan tde Tay, Nflng, Dao vimg chien khu ATK dien ra ngay mimg 10 thdng Gilng dm lich hang nam, tai Deo De, xa Phfl Dinh. Trln cimg dia ban cae xa Ian can edn ed rit nhilu cac le hdi khac ed the k l ten nhfl le hdi Ndng Hai, le hdi Chia Hang....
- Du lieh cpng dong: Dinh Hoa ed canh vat vin edn hoang sd, ehfla ehiu nhieu tdc dpng tfl con ngfldi, vdi sfl tap trung cia 9 din tdc khde nhau tit ed tao nen rapt bie tranh mudn mdu ve cudc sdng ndi dly. Vi vay, day Id ndi Ii tfldng cho nhflng ai mudn trai nghiem cudc sdng ciia ddng bao dan tdc thilu sd. Ban Quyin tai xa Dilm Mac la ndi dang dp dung du lich homestay di;ta vdo cdng ddng. Den day du khach si dflpc tham gia sdn xult, tim hieu van hoa lang nghi, xem bieu dien nghe thuat truyen thdng cua ddng bao Tdy, eimg tham gia boat ddng san xult, hay tU tay nau nhflng mdn dn truyin thdng...
TAP CHi KHOA HOC Vol. 04, No. 17 - 7/2016 5 5
Phat trie'n du lich tai khu di tich lich sCcach mang ATKfiinh Hda, Thai Nguyen theo hudng ben vifng
2.2.2. Sd lugng khdch
Trong nhflng nam gin day, du lieh Dinh Hoa ndi chung va khu di tich lieh sfl ATK Dinh Hod ndi riing dd cd nhflng bfldc ehuyin biln tieh cUc, sd Ifldng khdch, dodn khach din vdi Dinh Hoa tang rd ret. Lfldng khdch tang diu hang nam, tuy nhien sd litdng khach du lich trong nfldc Idn hdn rit nhilu so vdi khdch qude tl. Sfl tang trudng vl sd Iflpng khach gifla khdch qudc te va khdeh ndi dja khdng giong nhau, ben trong mdi vin de lai tdn tai diem khae bilL
• Khdch npi dia
Ddi tflpng khdeh du lieh chinh cfla khu di tich Id khdch ndi dia, nhflng nam qua sd Ifldng khdeh tang diu.
Nhin vao dfldng biiu dien sd Ifldng dodn khdch ta thay sd Ifldng dodn khach tang diu qua d e nam tuy nhien so Ifldt khich lai khong dflde nhfl vay, nd cd sfl thay ddi thit thfldng, Biiu do the hien sU tang trfldng rd ret tfl nam 2011 - 2012 tang 43.000 Ifldt khach. Dang ke nhat la nam 2014 sd Iflpt khach tang kl luc trong bdn nam qua dat 672.000 Ifldt khach,
Trln thfle tl, khach den khu di tich lich sfl ATK Dinh Hoa hang nam tap trung vao thdi diem dien ra Tet Nguyin din, II hgi L6ng Tdng, ede ngdy II ki nilm each mang... Du Ididch ehfl yeu Id khach ndi dia, khach du lich qudc te ehiem mdt Ifldng rit nhd trong d6.
Day cung Id van de dat ra cho Ban Qudn Ii di tich cung nhfl huyen Dinh Hod Idm sao thu hut khach qudc te den vdi di tich.
• Khdch qu6c ti
So doan va sd Ifldt khach qudc t l din ATK Dinh Hod edn rit it, so lieu khdch qudc te dflpe the hien qua bllu do sau;
Biiu di 1: Dodn khdch, lUdt khdch npi dia den khu di tich lich sUATKDinh Hod
tU ndm 2010-2014 (Nguon: Phdng thong tin tU lieu. Ban Qudn li
khu di tich ATK Dinh Hod) Biiu dd vl sd Ifldng dodn khdch din tiiam ATK tfl nam 2010 - 2014 cho thiy so doan khach tang diu hang nam, dac biet Id nam 2011 tang 478 doan so vdi nam 2010. Sd di cd sfl tang trUdng manh me ndy Id do nam 2011 dien ra Festival tra quoc te lan dau tiln d Thai Nguyin.
Khdng nhflng nam 2011 md cho tdi nam 2014 sd Ifldng doan cung tang manh me, tang 243 dodn so vdi 2013.
Biiu do 2. Dodn khdch, lUdt khdch quoc te den khu di tich lich sdATKDinh Hod
ta nam 2010-2014 (Nguon: Phong thong tin tU liiu.
Ban Qudn likhu di tich ATK Dinh Hod) Qua bieu dd trln ta thiy, sd Iflpng khdch du lieh quoe te din khu di tieh ATK Dinh Hoa khdng dang ke, cao nhit la nam 2011 tang 217 (Iflpt khach), 06 (doan khach) so vdi nam 2010.
5 6 TRUONG GAI HOC H A I P H O N G
Tran Kim Yen, Be Hien Hanh
Nam 2011 la nam Thdi Nguyin dang cai td chflc Festival tra qudc tl, vi vay da thu hut dfldc sfl quan tara eia du khdeh qude tl. Nam 2012 tang nhe ve Ifldt khach. Din nam 2013 ed sfl manh ve cd sd Ifldt khach vd dodn khdch, giam 04 dodn khdch vl 250 Ifldt khach.
Tuy nhien, vdi sfl diu tfl tdn tao cung nhfl quan tam din xic tiln quing b l thi da cho thiy dau hieu phuc hdi vdo nim 2014.
2.2.3. Doanh thu tCfhoat dpng du lich Trong nhiing nam trd lai day, sd Ifldng khach din vdi khu du lich ATK bin tue tang, dan tdi doanh thu tfl boat ddng du lich ciing tang Iln.
Dilu nay dflpe thi hiin qua bang sau:
Bdng I: Doanh thu khu di tich ATK (Ddn vi tinh: Tl ding) Nam
Doanh thu 2011
16,2 2012
17
2013 I 2014 17,3 1 18,5 (Nguon: Phong du ljch - Sd VH. TT&DL
Thdi Nguyin) Cd thi nhan thiy doanh thu du Hch ATK Dinh Hod tang diu qua cdc nam. Tfl nam 2011 din nara 2014, doanh thu tfl boat ddng efla khu du lich ATK Dinh H o i da tang 2,3 ti ddng. Tuy nhiln, dl nhan thiy rang doanh thu tuy tang nhflng khdng dang ke.
Dly la he qua eua edng tde quang bd vd cd sd vat chat thieu thdn; sfl ddn dilu trong hoat ddng du lich; d e hinh thfle dich vu chfla cd sic hap dan ddi vdi du khach vd gia cd edn eao so vdi phan ddng thu nhap cua du khdch, trong khi du khach cia khu di tich lich s i ATK Dinh Hoi c h i yeu la hpc sinh, sinh vien, cflu chiln binh,.. nhflng ngfldi cd thu nhap khdng cao.
2.2.4. NguSn nhdn luc du ljch
Hien nay, khu di tich lieh sfl ATK Dinh Hod cd 55 cln bd nhin viln, ti II tdt nghiep dai hpe Id 70%, eao dang Id 20%, trung d p 10%, chu ylu diu tdt nghiep chuyen nganh van hod vd mdt bd phan nhd Id cdc chuyin nganh khae. Trong sd 55 can bd nhan viln cd cd 10 hfldng din viln. Sd Ifldng hfldng dan viln tuy ehilm sd it nhflng lai la dpi ngu dem lai sU thanh cdng khdng nhd eho ATK. Dp tudi cfla hfldng dan vien la tfl 25 - 35. Cdc hfldng dan viln trong dp tudi nay thfldng lam vile tdt nhit bdi hp d l cd nhieu nam trong nghi, cd nhilu kinh nghiim cung nhfl cac ki nang xfl Ii tinh hudng vd cd the lUc dip flng dfldc yeu eau cia edng vile.
2.2.5. Ca sd hg tdng vd ca sd vdt chdt ki thuat du ljch
- Cd sd h^ ting: Vile to chflc d n h quan nham tao sfl hap dan cho khich tham quan trln cde tuyin dUdng din din cac diem di tich, danh lam thang cdnh chUa dUpc quan tam den. Tuyen dddng tfl Qudn Vudng di ATK Dinh Hod ddi 20km dd dfldc trai nhUa nen viec di Iai cung da bdt khd khin hdn.
Tuyen dfldng t i nhd trUng bay ATK Dinh Hod vdo thdc Khudn Tat d l dflde be tdng hod nhflng dfldng Iai rat nhd vd khd di, cd nhflng doan phai qua sudi. Hiin khu tnmg tim di tich ATK Dinh Hoa da ed eho gii xe nhUng quy md cdn bl. Vdo nhflng ngdy II tet va ngay hdi thudng bi qua tdi. Dinh Hoa ed 128 dilm di tich lieh sfl phan bd d khap huyln, eae tuyen dfldng dan vao edc diem di tieh con khd nhilu Id dudng cap phdi, sd cdn Iai la dUdng dat, dfldng nhd, cac tuyin dfldng cap phdi do TAP CHf KHOA HOC Vol, 04, No. 17 - 7/2016 5 7
Phat trien du k h tai khu di tich lich sfl each mang ATKfljnh Hoa, Thai Nguyen theo hUdng hen vflng
xay dUng tfl ldu nam, mfla nhilu lam eho dudng map md nhilu da.
- Cd sd vlt chat ki thudt du lich: Ban Quan li khu di tich lieh sfl - sinh thdi ATK Dinh Hoa ed trung tam dich vu du lich va bao tdn di tich ATK Dinh Hod, vdi he thdng nhd nghi gdm 28 phdng, nhd In, hdi trfldng d i dilu kiln td chflc d e hdi nghi, gap mat, toa ddm... giao Idu van nghe vdi cae Idn dilu Then, dan tinh, hat Sii... do dpi van nghe ddn gian ATK Dmh Hod bieu dien. Ngoai ra, toan huyln hien ed 135 nhd nghi, chi ylu tap trung tai vflng trung tdm khu di tich, nhfl nhd nghi Phfldng Lan, Nguyen Thdo, Nggc Anh, Ly Thi Phfldng... Cac nha nghi nay diu nam gan dfldng quoc Id khdch cd the de dang tilp cln.
Nhin ehung, d c nha nghi ed edng suit ehfla d mfle khodng tfl 20 - 25 ngfldi, nhflng diu dly d i tien nghi nhfl dien thoai, wifi, vd cac phdng deu khep kin, phuc vu cdc nhu eau ca bdn cho du khdch.
Cde nha hang trln dia bdn huyen Dinh Hod ed khd nang don vd phuc vu dodn khach tfl 20 den 35 ngUdi, dam bdo khdeh cd the dfldc ngoi trong khdng gian thodng mat, sach se, gan gui vdi thien nhiln. Die bilt, khach den vdi d c nhd hang tai Dinh Hod se dflde phuc vu cdc radn dn khdng kim phin die sac cua ndi ddy nhfl mdng rflng, rau bd khai, Idn ring quay, thit nfldng... tao sU hdi ldng cho du khach. Tuy nhiln, dilu kiln vl d e tiln nghi vui ehdi gidi tri cdn ngheo ndn, mgi hoat ddng chi dupe tap trung vdo dip 11 hdi.
2.3. Gidi phdp phdt trien du licb tgi khu di tich licb sdATKDinb Hod theo hudr\g ben vCtng
2.3.1. Bao ton, ton tao vd phdt huy gid tri khu ditich
- Thflc hien hieu qud nguyin tie phdt trien du lich dfla vao di tich lich s i d e h mang, van dung linh boat d c Nghi dinh cua Chinh phii, Thdnh phd eho boat dpng bao tdn, phdt buy gia tri di sdn van hod dia phfldng.
- Bdo tdn, tdn tao, phdt huy gid tri cac di tich phdi di ddi vdi bao tdn, phdt huy gia tri van hoi truyin thdng cia cfl din bdn dia noi di tich toa lac. ATK nam trong khdng gian quan cU eia ddng bao Tay, Nung gifla nui ring Vilt Bae, vi vay phai bao tdn song song vdi cae gii tri vin hod cpng ddng ndi ddy. Phat triln du lich, md rdng d n h quan di tich nhflng khdng lam dnh hfldng tdi mdi trfldng sdng cia eU din, long ghep d c chUdng trinh du lich vdi le hdi, ldng nghe dl bao ton van boa ban dja.
- Ban Quan li dl xuat, trinh vdi Bg Van hod. The thao va Du lieh vl vile thu ve ciia khich tham quan de cd ngudn kinh phi bio tdn. Tuy nhiln, gia vl khdng dfldc eao, chi tfl 10.000 - 15.000 d6ng/l khdch.
- Ban Qudn li cln phdi hpp vdi edc t6 chflc chinh tri xa hdi tren dia ban huyln nhfl;
Mat tran Td qudc, Hdi Ndng din, Hdi Phu nfl, Dodn Thanh nien... trien khai nhilm vu bdo tdn, phat huy di sdn van boa. Gan cdng tde thi dua vdi vile bdo ton, phdt huy gid tri di tieh tdi tflng can bg ddng viln, thi tran, xa, khu dan cfl ndi cd di tich lich sfl.
5 8 TRUdNG DAI HOC H A I P H O N G
Tran Kim Yen, BeHienHanh
- Md cac Idp tuyin truyin, tip huln dinh ki cho nhan din de ngfldi dan thay dflde hp vfla Id ngUdi bao vl via la ngUdi dUpe hudng Idi tfl vile bdo tdn, phdt huy cdc gii tri tai di tich cung nhfl van boa truyen thdng eia dia phUdng. Hpe tap kinh nghiim bao tdn cia Chien trUdng Dien Biln Phu, khdng tham thu hut khdch ma raue tieu la bao tdn nguyin ven di tieh, dat trdeh nhilm bdo tdn vao ehinh tay nhan din, vdo tay cdc the he tre bang viec dUa nhflng bai hpe ylu nUdc vdo nhflng gid ngoai khoa efla hpe sinh tai dia bdn todn khu di tieh nhu to chflc d e cudc thi tim hiiu vl lich sfl, gia tri cua di tieh; thi ve tranh vl di tich, ve bao ve mdi trfldng di tich....
- Chfl ddng phdi hpp vdi ban ngdnh liln quan, ed quan bdo chi, phat thanh truyen hinh trong huyln, thanh ph6 thfle hien cac chfldng trinh vl bao vl, phat huy gid tri lieh sfl, van hod huyln Dinh Hod. Chinh quyen dia phfldng chpn mdt ngdy de td chflc "Ngdy di tich lieh sfl, van hod huyln Dinh Hod", phat ddng chien dich "Tdn trpng lich sfl - mdi trfldng".
- Ra soat, danh gii mflc dp xudng d p , mflc dp khai thdc cua t i n g dilm di tieh, khdng de d e di tieh di vdo lang quen. Hoat dpng ra soat nay can dflde thUe hien mdi nam mpt Iln de danh gia mflc dp hao hut tdi nguyen kip thdi.
- Day manh edng tie quan Ii, giam sat va dinh hfldng hoat ddng bao tdn, khai thae khu di tich lich s i cdch mang.
2.3.2. Thu hut von dau tU
- Td chic tdt viee thu ngan sach tai dia ban vl thflc hanh tilt kiem de tich luy cho diu
tfl phdt triln, trong dd cd phdt triln du lieh.
Cln phan rd kinh phi, chi phi eho ting hang muc cfla di tich.
- Lap danh rape cdc edng trinh ha ting du lieh, h i thong giao thdng, cap dien, cap nfldc... de kiu gpi diu tU theo hinh thfle hdp tic cdng tfl.
- Hpc tap kinh nghiem tfl di tich Nga ba Dong Lpe, thu hut vdn bang each td chflc d e chfldng trinh mang tam cd, tao tieng vang trong nfldc vd qudc tl. ATK Dinh Hod ed the chgn thdi dilm nhU mfla le hdi Long Tdng nhfl hien nay vin lam d l thu hut sU quan tam, thp 30/4 de td chflc ki nilm vi trong thdi gian nay cd nUde hUdng ve ki nilm ngay gidi phdng miln Nara thdng nhat dat nUdc, ATK Dinh Hod dflde xem Id d i ndi cfla each mang nudi dfldng Ddng va chinh quyen ngay tfl nhflng ngdy mdi thdnh lap. Tfl day se thu hut sfl quan tim cua d c nhi diu tfl tdi khu di tich lich sfl ATK Dinh Hoa hdn.
- Xiy dUng mdi trUdng diu tU vdo nganh du lich an todn, hiiu qud vd tao dieu kiln thu^n Ipi cho cde nhd diu tfl. TrUdc khi keu ggi dau tfl cho bat ki hang mue nao cung cln danh gia dfldc tiem nang, the manh eia dfl an, dia phfldng de d c nha diu tfl thiy dflpc cd hdi, sfl an todn khi quylt dinh diu tfl.
- Thu hut vdn dau tfl cfla cac doanh nghiip du lich: Ho ed the kinh doanh cac dieh vu tai khu di tich hole hd trd diu tfl kinh phi eho edng tae bao tdn, bao ve mdi trfldng, d e hd tham gia cung cap dich vu cdng ddng.
- Thu h i t sU tham gia efla cae doanh nghiip cung cap eae san vat, mat hdng lflu niem: mdy tre dan, che. Id thuoc, banh dac san
TAP CHf KHOA HOC Vol. 04, No 17 - 7/2016 5 9
Phat tnen du lich tai ktiu di ticn Ncn su cacn mang fl i f. vm noa. mai ptguyen tneo nuang oen vung
dl tao sfl phong phfl trong cac dich vu tai khu di tich.
2.3.3. Phdt trien nguon nhan luc Con ngUdi la yeu td quylt dinh tdi chat lUdng dich vu vi vdy can phdi cd nhing gidi phdp ddng bd d l sfl dung cd hieu qua va phdt trien ngudn nhin lflc cho du lich. Phai cd chinh sdch dao tao ngudn nhan lfle riing eho khu di tieh nhfl sau:
- Md rdng quy md ddo tao can bd chuyin mdn bdo tdn, tuyen chpn nhflng sinh viln cd ehuyin mon, cd trinh dd dai hgc ve van de bao tdn. Liln kit vdi d e trfldng dai hpc, cao dang trln dia bdn tinh dao tao ehuyen nganh du lich nhfl khoa Van - Xa hdi Trfldng Dai hpc Khoa hpc, Trfldng Cao dang Thfldng rasii va Du lieh... tuyen chpn nhflng sinh viln, cdng tae viln co nang lUc, dara me vdi du Hch. Md cdc chUdng trinh thi tdi nang hUdng din viln, md eude thi vilt thuylt minh eho d e diem di tich trong khu... de tim ra nhflng hfldng dan viln gidi, cung nhfl Idm mdi nhiing bdi thuyet minh ve diem di tich, vl Bae nham thu hflt khich du lich.
- Ban Qudn li can trien khai ke hoach bdi dudng nghiep vu chuyin mdn, ngoEii ngfl cho d n bd cong nhan vien. Tflng bfldc dao tao dpi ngi nhin viln tinh thdng vl nghiip vu de phuc vu ngay d n g tdt hdn. Ddc biet la trang bi nhflng kien thflc ban dau cho hg nhit Id ddi vdi cdc hudng din vien du lich tai diem di tich, se kem hip dan khi hfldng din viln cbi cing nhac hpc thupc bdi thuylt minh ve di tich ma khdng cd sU Hen he vdi phong tue tap qudn, ve nip sdng truyen thdng vd d c gia tri van boa efla d e din tgc tai diem di tich.
- Chgn lUa nhflng can bd chuyin mdn cd nang Iflc gfli di ddo tao d trong nfldc va nddi ngodi nham xay dUng dUpc dpi ngu ehuy^i gia gidi trong linh vfle bdo tdn, tdn tao vd kha thac di tich.
- Ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi Idra cdng tac quii Ii trong khu dl tieh bat kl hpc cdc ngdnh Si hpe, Khdo eo, Han Nora, Dan t0e hpc, M thuat... phai dfldc boi dUdng, rd soat Idem tr cde kiln thfle ed ban ve di tich lich si, Ludt D sdn van hod, Luat Du lich... d c chinh sach chi dp cfla Nha nfldc ddi vdi di tich, li luan va k thudt bdo tdn, tdn tao di tieh.
- Hang nara, mdi chuyin gia gioi td]
huln, boi dfldng ki thult, kinh nghiem chi nhflng ngfldi ldm cong tic bdo tdn, ton t?o v khai thac di tich. Ddi vdi d c nghe nhai ehuyen tham gia bao tdn, tdn tao di tich cdi cdc hinh thflc day truyin nghi cho Idp tr dfldi sfl bdo trd efla Nha nfldc.
2.3.4. Sdn phdm vd djch vu du ljch Ban Quan Ii cln e h i trpng dau tfl eho d boat ddng dich vu bao gdm ca dich vu a udng, luu trfl va dich vu bd sung. Bin canh dt vile tao ra san phim du lich ddc trflng cun hit sflc d n thilt.
- Sdn phdm vi nguin: Hfldng dan viln ti khu di tich si dfla du khdch di thim d e dili di tieh nhfl Lan Tin Keo, ddi Pu Don, Nh trUng bay bdo tang ATK Dinh Hod, dia dili cd quan Bp Tdng Tfl lenh Qudn dpi nhan da Viet Nara... hoae cd the di nhflng diem xa hfl nhfl lan Khudn Tat tai bdn Dao Khudn Tat dia diem lam \qec cia Tdng Bi thfl Trfldi Chmh Van phdng Tmng fldng Dang Phung Hiin... Thflc dly thfle hien lien ket toi fiOlTfiUdNG OAI HOC HAlPHdNG
Tran Kim Yen, BeHienHanh
vdi ATK Tan Trdo. Ddi vdi sdn phara vl ngudn d n day raanh khai thae hit tit d 20 diem di tich trong toan Khu de du Hch cd y nghia bao tdn hdn, giup du khach cd cai nhin toan dien hdn ve chien khu xfla, trdnh tinh trang ehi do ddn cae diem trung tim. Muc tiiu trong tfldng lai cd the khai thae tdt tit ca 128 di tich trln todn dia bdn huyen.
Trong tfldng lai, ban quan H d e cH tieh lich sfl each mang trong ving du Hch Trung du miln nfli Bae Bd ndi rieng vd todn quoc ndi ehung d n bdn bae, hgc hdi nhflng kinh nghiim cua nhau ciing nhfl tim sU thich hpp dl cd the thUc hien HIn ket tour, tuyen d l cd hai bin cflng cd Idi nhfl ATK Tan Trao - ATK Dinh Hod - chiln trUdng Dien Biln Phfl.
- Sdn phdm du lich vdn hod vd homestay dUa vdo cpng ding: Du khdch ed the xem mia rdi Tay Thim Rde tai xl Binh Yin, den tham Idng nghi dan Cp tai ldng Bang, xem bieu dien van nghe cdc ldn dilu truyin thdng eia ddng bao Tdy, Nimg tai ban Quyen (Diem Mac), nghi dim cdng dong tai ban Quyen. Dau tU nang cap vd hoan thien eae nhd nghi cpng ddng dat tieu chuan de phuc vu, ddn tiep ca khdch du licb ndi dia vl quoc tl.
- Sdn phdm du lich le hpi: Can quang ba cho du khach ve san pham du Hch 11 h^i mang dam nit truyin thdng eia ede dan tde d Dinh Hoa nhU le hdi Chfla Hang, 11 hdi Ldng Tdng, le hpi Ndng HaL... Trong dd dde sic nhit dd Id 11 hdi Ldng Tong dflde td chflc ngdy mdng 10 thing Gieng hang nim, nhan din cae dan tdc anh em (Tay, Ning, Dao, San Chay, San Diu, Hoa, Kinh va Mdng...).
Vile td chflc eae 11 hdi truyin thdng khdng
chi gdp phan lflu gifl, bdo tdn va phat huy nhing ede gia tri truyen eia le hdi ma edn gidi thieu, quang ba hinh anh tilm nang kinh te, du Hch ATK Dinh Hod. Dac bilt, day chinh la dip de du khdch hiiu thira vl t h i dd khang chien nim xfla. Khdeh du Hch khong can len Dinh Hoa ding m i a II h^i eung ed the hieu dfldc phin ndo y nghia, khdng khi eia le hdi bang each Ban Quan li se td chic mgt bg phan edng ddng chuyin nghiip dien, mo phdng lai le hdi vdi eae trd chdi din gian, le cflng eau mfla efla cac din tdc...
2.3.5. Bdo ve moi trUdng, khong gian dl tfch Ban Quan Ii can chu y dUa ra d e lUu f vi van de bao ve mdi trUdng ddng thdi thilt lap he thdng thimg rac mini tai di tich.
Hudng dan vien trong qui trinh hUdng dan khach du lich can kheo leo nhac khdch khdng xd rac bfla bai, chup anh nhflng ndi khdng cho phep, viet ve bay len cic hien vlt, ngdi d e vi tri khdng phu hpp...
Ban Quan li md cic Idp tap huln ndng cao y thflc cho ba con vl vin d l mdi trfldng, bao vl di tich, phit trien du lich bin vflng.
3. Ket luan
Di tich Hch s i d e h mang ATK Dinh Hod dang dflpc khai thdc trong hoat ddng du Hch tuy nhiln edn nhieu diem di tich van d dang tilm ndng chfla dflpc quan tim, boat ddng du lieh cdn nhieu ban ehe. Vi vay, boat ddng du lich tai ATK Dinh Hoi can dfldc phit trien theo hfldng phdt triln du lich bin vflng nham dat hiiu qua vl doanh thu du Hch nhflng van ddm bao dUpe vin d l bao ton di tieh. De Iam dupe dilu dd, d n cd sfl hpp tdc, chung tay cia tit cd chi the tham gia. Chung tdi dfla ra
TAP CHf KHOA HOC V o l , 04, No. 17 - 7/2016 Q l
Phat tnen du hch tai khu di tich Ijch siJiBch mang ATK Binh Hoa, Thai Nguyen theo hudng ben vflng
nhing ddng gdp vdi mong mudn dem Iai nhflng gidi phap kha thi nhit ddi vdi hoat ddng du lich tai di tich ATK Dinh Hod, Thdi Nguyin.
TAILI^UTHAMKHAO 1. NhUng chang dUdng lich sd, NXB Van hpe,
Hd Ndi, tr.38 - 39.
2. Phdng van boa, Thi thao vd Du lich Dinh Hoa, De dn "Phdt trien dich vu - thudng mqi phuc vu du lich giai doqn 2006 - 2010".
3. Quyet dinh sd 784/TTg ngdy 22/9/1997 efla T h i tfldng Chinh phu ve vile xay dflng Quy hoqch tang thi bao ton, ton tqo vd phdt huy khu di tich lieh sU edch mqng chiin khu Viit Bae.
4. Quylt dinh sd 548/QD-TTg ngay 10/5/2012 cia T h i tfldng Chinh p h i vl vile Xep hqng di tich quic gia dqc biet.
5. Quyet dinh sd 2137/QD-BVHTTDL ngdy 06/6/2012 cia Bd Van boa. The thao vd Du Hch vl vile Xep hqng di tich quoe gia.
6. Quyet dinh sd 48/2014/QD-UBND cua UBNH tinh Thai Nguyin ve vile Ban hdnh quy chi qudn li, bdo ve vd phdt huy gid tri di tieh lich sU vdn hod, danh lam thdng ednh tren dia bdn tinh Thdi Nguyen.
7. Dfldng Van Sau, (2008), Di tich lich sd - vdn hod vd danh lam thdng cdnh Viit Nam, NXB Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Ndi.
8. Tmh uy Thai Nguyin, (2007), Bdc Ho vdi Thdi Nguyin - Thdi Nguyen vdi Bdc Ho, NXB Ll luan ehinh tri.
9. Ddng Khac Thp, (2007), ATK in ddu lieh sil, NXB Hdi Nhd vin.
10. Ddng Khac Thp, (2007), Bde Ho d ATK, NXB Hdi Nhd van.
11. Ddng Khae Tho (Chu biln, 2003), Thdi Nguyen di tich, danh thang vd trien vong tUdng lai, NXB Van hod thdng tin.
12. http://atkthainguyen.org.vn (website chinh thflc cfla Ban Qudn li cH tieh).
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ATK REVOLUTIONARY HISTORICAL SITE, DINH HOA, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY Asbtract
ATK Dinh Hoa, Thai Nguyen is a revolutionary historical vestige which had impressed by many important events of the nation. With the system of 108 monuments, including 14 national recognized monuments, ATK Dinh Hoa is a great potential for tourism development. Tourisnn developing at ATK Dinh Hoa needs to follow the sustainable in order to preserve and increase the value of vestige and the efficiency in tourism activities.
Keyword: Develope, tourism, relies, ATK, sustainable
6 2 T'^'^'^'^^ ^'^' " ° ^ "^^ PHdNG