NGHIEN C U U - TRAO O t f l
Quyen tham gia quan ly nha nuvc va xa hoi cua cong dan trong Hien phap nam 1992
va nhung van de can sua ddi, bd sung
16S.TS. PHAM HONG THAI n
1. sy hinh thanh vfi phfit triln quyln tham gia qufin ly nhfi nUdc vfi xa hdi cCia cdng dfin d Vidt Nam
Chd djnh ve quyln cQa cdng dfin Ifi chd djnh phfip ludt cd y nghta chfnh trj- xfi hdi dfie bidt quan trpng, Ifi mdc Ijeh sQ dfinh d i u sy phfit triln dfin chQ xa hdi, ehIm dQt ehe dp than dfin, dUa mpi t h i n dfin trd thfinh edng dfin binh d i n g trUdc phfip lufit. C h l djnh cdng dfin tgo ed hdi binh d i n g cho mpi cdng dfin tham gia vfio hogt ddng nhfi nude vfi xa hdi. Chfnh sy tham gia cQa edng dfin vfio ddi sdng nhfi nUde va xa hdi Ifi mdt budc tien cQa xa hdi lofii ngUdi tren con dUdng phfit trien dfin ChQ. I^Qc dp tham gia eua edng dan vao qufin ly nhfi nude vfi xfi hdi la mdt trong nhQng tieu chf can bfin d l dfinh gifi mQc dp dfin chO cDa che dp chinh trj - xa hpi, eija nhfi nudc, sy phfit trien eua dat nude, sy hfii Idng cQa ngudi dfin ddi vdi edng quydn.
Quyln tham gia qufin 1]^ nhfi nUde va xa hdi cQa cdng dfin Ifi quyln mang tfnh ehfnh trj, la cfin cQ, cd sd de hlnh thfinh efie quyln chfnh tri - hfinh chfnh khfic eua cdng dfin, tgo ndn tfnh ti'ch eye chfnh trj, trfieh nhidm cQa edng dfin ddi vdi nhfi nQdc, xfi hpi, cdng ddng, tgo sy g i n gui, thfin thidn giQa cdng dfin vdi ehfnh quydn, Ifi thQdc do v l dan chu xa hdi. Sy tham gia qufin 1;^ nhfi nude vfi xfi hdi cOa edng dfin cd nhilu hlnh thQe khfie nhau: tham gia trye tiep vfi tham gia gian tilp. Dfiy eung chi'nh la hai hinh thQc dfin chQ: dfin ehO trye tiep vfi dfin chQ gian tidp.
(*) Chd nhiim khoa Lu$t, D9I hgc QuSc gia Hi N^i
Quyln tham gia qufin ly nhfi nude vfi xfi hdi eQa edng dfin d Vidt Nam hlnh thfinh, phfit triln qua efie giai dogn ijch sQ khfie nhau, g i n liln vdi sy phfit triln cQa eaeh mgng Vidt Nam. H i l n phfip Vidt Nam nfim 1946 ifi bfin Hidn phfip d i u tidn cQa nUdc Vidt Nam dfin chQ cdng hda, tuy khdng trye t i l p ghi nhfin quyln tham gia qufin ly nhfi nude vfi xa hpi eua cdng dfin, nhung ghi nhfin mdt efieh gifin tiep thdng qua quy djnh:
" T i t cfi cdng dfin Vidt Nam... d i u dupc tham gia chfnh quyen va cdng cupc kien qudc tuy theo tfii nfing vfi dQc hgnh eua minh". Tham gia chfnh quyln Ifi hlnh thQc trye tid'p tham gia qufin ly nhfi nUde eOa cdng dan. Theo D i l u 32 vfi D i l u 70: "Cdng dfin ed quyen phQe quylt v l Hien phfip vfi nhQng vide quan hg den vgn menh qudc gia". Quyln nfiy b i t ngudn tQ cdi ngudn cQa quyln iyc nhfi nUde thudc v l nhfin dfin, nhfin dfin Ifi ngUdi quylt djnh Hien phfip eQa minh, tgo cd sd chfnh trj - h i l n phfip eho mpi hogt dpng cda nhfi nude va xfi hdi; ddng thdi, quyln phuc quyet cQa edng dan tfi hlnh thQc, b i l u hidn ro ndt n h i t eua quydn tham gia qufin ly nhfi nude cQa edng dfin. Hidn phfip nam 1946 da quy djnh quyln phQe quydt eua nhfin dfin trong cfic D i l u 2 1 , D i l u 32, Dieu 70 Hdt kd nhOng van d l phfii dQpc dua ra tofin dfin phuc quyet, do Ifi nhQng vide quan hd ddn vfin menh qude gia, neu dQpc hai p h i n ba tdng sd nghj vien ddng y. Cfich thUc phQc quyet se do lugt djnh (Dilu 32). Nhung do hofin efinh chidn tranh kdo dai nen nUdc ta chua ban hfinh dupe lufit d l eg the hda vide thye hidn quyen nfiy.
T^ chlH! nhd nu^c s6 6/2012
Hidn phip n i m 1959 v l ed b i n v i n kd thfla tu tudng quyln Iyc nhin d i n nhu Hiln phap n i m 1946, nhUng tyi ChUdng ill, khi quy dinh v l "Quyln Ipi v i nghTa vy cd b i n cfla edng d i n " khdng dd cdp tdi c i c quyln "tham gia chinh quyln", "quyln phfle quylt efla edng d i n " m i Hiln phip nim 1946 d i ghi nhdn.
Phii ehing d i y l i sy thyt Ifli v l d i n chfl?
D i l u n i y ch? cd t h i \i g i i i trdn ed sd p h i n tfch v i nhin nhdn mdt c i c h khich quan xu hudng chuyin hda cfla n h i nudc tfl n h i nude ddn ehfl n h i n d i n thinh n h i nude x i hdi chfl nghTa. Nhin lai ljch sfl, b i t d i u tfl n i m 1959, vd m i t phip ly, vdi quan didm x i y dyng x i hOi chfl nghTa, n l n d i n chfl nhdn d i n ehuyln d i n thinh d i n chu x i hdi chfl nghTa. D i n chfl xa hdi ehfl nghTa thye c h i t l i thyc hidn mOt n l n chuydn ehinh vd s i n - ehuydn ehinh efla giai c i p cdng, ndng ddi vdi c i c giai ci'p khic trong x i hdi. Tlnh chuydn ehinh t h i hidn r i t ro trong eude e i i c i c h rudng d i t v i c i i tao edng, thuong nghidp. Hidn phip n i m 1959 chl l i hd q u i cfla c i mdt chinh s i c h d i dupe thuc hidn trUde dd. Khi tlnh chuydn chinh efla n h i nude cang eao thi tlnh d i n chfl xa hdi rpng rai cfla n h i nudc c i n g g i i m , didu n i y diln ra nhu mot tat ydu cfla each mang xa hdi. Cd le chinh vi vay m i Hiln phip n i m 1959 khdng tiep tyc ghi nhdn c i c quyln
"phfle quydt v l Hidn phap v i nhflng vide quan he den van mdnh qud'e gia" efla cdng dan, nhu Hien phip nam 1946 da quy djnh.
D i n Hiln phap n i m 1980, quyln tham gia q u i n ly nha nude v i xa hdi efla cdng d i n dUde phye hdi. Dilu 56 Hid'n phip n i m 1980 ghi nhan: edng d i n cd quyen tham gia q u i n ly cdng vide cfla n h i nudc v i cfla x i hdi.
Nhung quyln phfle quydt efla cdng d i n cung khdng dupc nhic tdi. Tuy nhidn, phii nhdn thay rang vide ghi nhdn quydn tham gia q u i n ly edng vide cfla nha nudc v i efla xa hdi l i mpt bfldc tidn trdn con dfldng d i n ehfl d nudc ta. Nhung Hidn phip n i m 1980 khdng x i c djnh nhflng edng vide nao l i cfla n h i nude, edng vide n i o la cfla xa hdi ddi hdi cd sy tham gia q u i n iy efla cdng ddn. V i n d l dupe d i t ra i i , edng d i n tham gia nhu thd n i o , bang phUdng thfle n i o v i tham gia q u i n ly nhflng edng viec gi efla n h i nudc v i x i hdi.
Chinh vl vdy, m i eie quyln n i y cfla cdng d i n It dupc hidn thyc hda trong cudc sdng.
Trong nhdn thfle ehung cd nhidu quan nidm, c i c h g i i i thich khie nhau vd n h i nudc v i c i c hidn tuyng n h i nude, nhung suy cho cflng n h i nude ohi l i mdt thilt c h l xa hdi, bit ngudn tfl x i hdi, t i n tai vl x i hdi, khdng tich rdi x i hdi, khdng dflng trdn xa hdi m i hda cflng xa hdi d l g i i i q u y l t eie v i n d l phit sinh tfl ddi sdng xa hdi, tfl ddi s i n g cdng d i n g , phyc vy eho mpi cdng d i n cfla qudc gia. VI vdy, mpi cdng vide efla n h i nflde - thi ehd cdng d i n g c i n dupe cci nhu l i nhflng cdng vide efla ngfldi d i n , nhflng do n h i nudc thay mdt nhin d i n thye hidn vl Ipi Ich ehung, khdng ed cdng vide n i o dupc gpi l i "cdng vide ridng" cua n h i nude, efla xa hdi. ChT vdi quan nidm nhfl v i y mdi b i o d i m dupc dung b i n c h i t n h i nude efla n h i n d i n , do nhin d i n v i vl n h i n d i n .
2. Quyln tham gia quin ly n h i nUdc va xa h$l cfla cdng d i n trong Hiln phip nim 1992 (sijia ddi, bd sung ndm 2001)
- Quyin tham gia quan If nhi nudc va xa hfi cua cdng din bit ngudn ttf quyin Ivc nhin din
Nhin tfl gdc dd chinh trj, q u y l n tham gia q u i n ly n h i nudo va xa hdi la quyln chinh trj ed tlnh bao quit, b i t ngudn tfl cdi rd cua quyln luc n h i nude thude v l nhdn din.
Didu 2 H i l n phap n i m 1992 khing djnh vin d l ed tlnh nguydn t i e t h i hidn b i n chat cOa n h i nude, chl p h i i mpi m$t ddi sing nha nude v i xa hdi: " N h i nude Cdng hda xa h6i chu nghTa Vidt Nam l i n h i nudc p h i p quyln xa hdi chfl nghTa efla nhdn d i n , de nhin din v i vl n h i n d i n " . Chfnh quy pham Hiln phap ed tlnh djnh hlnh t i n g quan n i y l i ndn tang, cd sd, t i l n d l cho vide ghi n h i n quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nude va xa hdi efla edng din, ddng thdi trdn ed sd dd ghi n h i n c i c quyen cy t h i cfla cdng d i n trdn mpi linh vfle: chinh trj - h i n h ehinh, kinh td, van hda - x i hpi, an ninh - qudc phdng...
Vide ghi nhdn trong Hidn phip quyln tham gia quin ly n h i nude v i xa hdi la s\l hidn thyc hda quyln l i m chfl efla nhin din, la sy hidn phip hda quan d i l m cfla Ding va N h i nudc ta v l quyln l i m chfl ofla nhin d i n j
o
To chikc n h * UMM&K SO 6 ^ 0 1 3v l mdt n l n d i n ohu da dupe ghi nhdn treng nhilu v i n kidn efla Ding Cdng s i n Vidt Nam
"dan chfl xa hdi chfl nghTa l i b i n chit efla ehd dp ta, vfla l i myc tidu, vfla l i ddng Iyc cfla sy phat triln d i t nude. X i y dung v i tflng budo hdin thidn ndn d i n ehfl x i hdi chfl nghTa, b i o d i m d i n chfl dupc thyc hidn trong thye td cudc sdng d moi c i p , trdn tdt c i c i c ITnh vyc"'*'. Chinh vl v i y , trong Hidn phip n i m 1992, sau khi quy djnh nhflng vi'n d l cd tlnh nguyen t i c chung v l quyln cfla cdng d i n : " 6 nude Cdng hda x i hdi chfl nghTa Vidt Nam, c i c quyln con ngudi v l chfnh trj, d i n sU, kinh te, van hda v i xa hdi dupc tdn trpng, t h i hidn d c i e quydn cdng ddn v i dupc quy djnh treng Hidn phip v i luit" (Dilu 50); "Quyln efla edng d i n khdng tich rdi nghTa vy cfla edng ddn" (Dilu 51); "Mpi edng ddn d i u binh d i n g trude phip ludt" (Didu 52), d i ghi nhdn: cdng dan ed quydn tham gia quin ly n h i nudc v i xa hdi, tham gia thio ludn c i c v i n d l ehung cfla c i nflde v i dja phUdng, kiln nghj vdi cd quan n h i nudc, bilu quylt khi n h i nudc t l chflc trung c l u i d i n (Dilu 53).
- Quyin tham gia quin If nhi nudc li ca sd hlnh thinh cic quyin chinh trf khic cua cdng din
Quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nudc v i xa hdi cfla cdng ddn l i mdt quyen cd tfnh bao quit, cd ndi dung r i t rdng, chl cd thd dupc thyc hidn thdng qua nhflng hinh thfle nhat djnh v i thdng qua c i c quyln eu t h i khic cfla odng d i n , cd sfl dan xen gifla c i e quydn cfla cdng d i n . Quyln tham gia q u i n \i n h i nUdo va xa hdi cfla edng d i n chfla dyng c i e quyln cy thd khic nhu: quyln bau cfl, flng cfl;
quyen giim s i t cfla cdng d i n ; quyln t h i o ludn nhflng van d l chung cfla c i nude v i dja phudng; quyln kiln nghj vdi ed quan n h i nudc; bilu quylt khi n h i nUdc t l chflc trflng cau y d i n .
Ngoii ra, quydn tham gia q u i n 1^ nha nudc v i x i hdi ofla edng d i n odn dflpe thuc hidn thdng qua vide edng d i n tham gia true tilp vdi tu each l i thinh vidn khdng ehuydn trich trong hoat ddng efla ed quan q u i n ly, eae cd quan xd hdi; thyc hidn quydn khidu n?ii, t l c i o nhflng h i n h vi vi pham phip luit trong q u i n ly n h i nude; tham gia vdi tU eieh
l i thinh vidn cfla tdp t h i lao ddng trong vide giii quydt nhflng vd'n d l quan trpng cfla cP quan, t l chflc, ddn vj.v.v...
Quyln b i u cfl, flng cfl l i quyln gldl thidu, lya ehpn nhflng ngudi Uu tfl d l b i u dai bilu Qud'c hdi, dai bilu Hdi ding nhin ddn c i e cdp v i c i c ed quan, thilt c h l khie theo ehd dd b i u efl l i sy bilu hidn cy t h i quyln tham gia q u i n |i^ n h i nudc v i x i hdi cfla cdng d i n . Quyln tham gia quin \i nhi nude trUde h i t l i quyln tham gia t l chflc chfnh quyln dai didn cfla nhin d i n . IVIdt khic, vdi c h l dd luin phidn l i m dai bilu trong c i c cd quan quyln lye n h i nude (sy thay d i i thinh phin dai bilu Qude hdi, dai bilu Hdi ding nhin d i n c i c eip qua m i l nhidm k^) da tao ed hdi, dilu kidn d l mpi cdng d i n cd t h i tham gia v i o c i c cd quan dai didn quydn Iyc n h i nudo. Chfnh chd dd luin phidn n i y l i sy bilu hidn efla c h l dd d i n chfl x i hpi v i d l thyc hidn quyln tham gia quin ly n h i nudc cfla cdng ddn, nhim t i n g efldng tlnh chinh trj cfla cdng ddn v i d l cdng ddn cd the trye tidp tham gia vac chinh quydn n h i nudc. Phip luit Vidt Nam quy djnh nhidm ky cfla c i c cd quan nha nude thee chd dd b i u cfl, chd dd nhidm k^ efla eae chflc danh trong c i c cd quan b i u cfl, vide b l nhidm c i e chflc danh hinh chinh c6 thdi han eung ehinh l i nhim b i o d i m quyln tham gia chfnh quyln cfla cdng d i n .
Quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nude efla cdng d i n t h i hidn thdng qua quyln giim sit, kilm soat efla edng ddn ddi vdi chinh quyln do minh thilt lip ndn. Cdng d i n giim sit, kilm soit chinh quydn mdt cich tryo tid'p, giin tidp thdng qua od quan dai didn eho minh thilt l i p hoic thdng qua c i c to chflc m i minh l i m thinh vidn, thdng qua vide thuc hidn quyln khidu nai, td c i o .
D l thyc hidn quyln tham gia quin ly n h i nude va xa hdi cfla minh, cdng d i n sfl dyng quydn kiln nghj, dUa c i c y kidn cua minh tdi ed quan n h i nudc nhim hoin thidn quin ly nha nude... Cdng ddn cd t h i kiln nghj v l ehinh sich, vide lim efla cd quan n h i nude. Bdn cynh dd, cdng ddn cdn trflc tidp thio ludn, gdp i kidn vao q u i trinh xdy di,mg eie ehfnh sich, c i c dy an ludt hodc cic quylt djnh quan trpng khic cfla N h i nflde hoic dja phudng.
To chwe nhik nu^e a6 6/2012
Nhu vdy, quydn tham gia q u i n 1;^ n h i nude efla cdng d i n l i quyln ed tlnh bao quit, t h i hidn tlnh chinh trj - x i hdi efla mdt c h l dd ehinh t h i n h i nude, chfl khdng phii l i quydn cy t h i nhu eie quyln khic cfla cdng d i n . Quyln tham gia quin ii n h i nudc v i x i hdi cfla cdng ddn dflpe thyc hidn qua vi|e thyc hidn c i c quydn cy t h i cfla cdng d i n qua e i e hlnh thfle trye tid'p hodc giin tllp.
- Stf tham gia quin If nhi nudc vi xi hfl cia cdng din thi hlfn qua vlfc cdng din trtfc tlip hay giin tlip tham gia vio hofit dfng cda cic ca quan nhi nudc
Trong khoa hpc quin 1;^, vdi quan nidm q u i n ly l i sy t i e ddng efla hd thing n i y Idn hd thd'ng khie n h i m trdt ty hda chflng, hudng chung vdn ddng theo myc tidu, djnh hudng nhit djnh, thi q u i n \i x i hdi thyc c h i t l i q u i n ly cdng ddng xa hdi efla eon ngfldi, q u i n \i mpi mdt cfla ddi sdng x i hdi. Q u i n \i xa hdi cfla eon ngudi dupc chia thinh c i c toai: q u i n ly n h i nude (sy q u i n ly efla n h i nude): q u i n 1^ cfla c i c t i chflc x i hdi (eie t l chflc chfnh trj, chfnh trj - xa hdi, c i c t l chflc q u i n chflng, c i e t l ehfle xa hdi khie). Nhu v i y , q u i n \i n h i nudc l i mdt leal hinh efla q u i n ly x i hdi, dupe thye hidn bdi t o i n bd bd may n h i nudc: cd quan quyln lye n h i nudc, cd quan hanh chinh n h i nudc, cd quan tu phip v i c i nhflng thilt c h l x i hdi khic khi dupc n h i nudc trao quyln hay fly quyln thyc hidn q u i n 1;^ n h i nudc.
C i e cd quan quyln Iyc n h i nude bao g i m : Qudc hdi, Hdi ddng nhin d i n c i e e i p . C i e ed quan n i y dd edng ddn trye t i l p thinh l i p thdng qua vide sfl dung quyln b i u cfl, flng cfl. C i c ed quan quyln lye n h i nUdc od chflc ning, nhidm vy r i t quan trpng l i ban h i n h c i c chinh s i c h , phip ludt d nhflng mflc dd khic nhau, nhim tyo ra khudn k h i p h i p ly eho t o i n bd ddi sdng xa hdi. Mpi quydt s i c h cfla Qude hdi, cfla Hdi d i n g nhdn d i n ddu trye tidp, hay giin tidp i n h hudng tdi ddi s i n g v i t ehit, tinh t h i n efla mpi edng ddn d nhflng mfle dd khie nhau. Chinh vl vdy, nhflng quydt djnh cfla c i c 00 quan n i y d i u c i n p h i i cd sy tham gia i k i l n cfla odng d i n . Qude hdi ban hinh Hidn p h i p , ludt, nghj quydt, Hdi ddng n h i n d i n ban h i n h nghj quylt. Nhu v i y , cdng d i n tham gia v i o q u i
trinh x i y dyng Hidn p h i p , ludt v i c i c nghj quydt efla Qudc hdi, nghj quydt cfla Hdi ding n h i n d i n mdt c i c h trye tidp l i tham gia thio ludn c i o dy i n do e i e ed quan n i y dua ra ho$c l i trye t i l p k i l n nghj vdi c i c ed quan n h i nudc. D i y l i mdt trong nhflng bilu hidn cfla quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nudc cfla cdng din,
C i c cd quan h i n h chinh n h i nudo o6 chflc n i n g q u i n ly h i n h chinh n h i nflde, didu h i n h , q u i n ly mpi mdt ddi sing nhi nudc v i xa hdi, thye hidn q u i n iy n h i nudc trong mpi ITnh vye ndng nghidp, cdng nghilp, v i n hda, x i h f l , y td, giio dye, an ninh - quIc phdng... Vdy sy tham gia cfla cdng d i n vio q u i n ly n h i nudc treng c i c ITnh vyc niy nhi;
thd hid? Odu tidn cd t h i nhdn t h i y l i , cdng ddn tu^ theo n i n g iyc, k h i n i n g cfla minh trd thinh c i n b$, cdng chflc trong eie cd quan n h i nude tfl Trung Udng tdi dja phUdng. Cin bd, cdng chflc khdng p h i i mdt ding d p trong x i hdi, m i x u i t t h i n tfl mpi giai cip, t i n g Idp d i n eU, mpi d i n tdc cung sinh sing trdn l i n h t h i Vidt Nam. Mdt khic, ho^t ddng cfla c i c cd quan h i n h ehinh n h i nudc rit da dang, phong phfl, tfl xdy dyng, ban hinh cic ehinh s i c h , e i e v i n b i n quy pham phip luit ddn ban h i n h c i c quydt djnh c i bidt cy thi, t l chflc thyc hidn v i k i l m tra, thanh tra vi^c thyc hidn c i c q u y l t djnh dd. Nhu vdy, v6i tinh t h i n hiln p h i p vd quyln tham gia quin ly n h i nude cfla cdng d i n khi xdy dyng, ban h i n h c i c ehfnh s i c h , c i c v i n b i n quy pham p h i p ludt, trong t l chflc thyc hidn chinh s i c h , p h i p ludt, k i l m tra, thanh tra vide thyc hidn ddu c i n p h i i cd sy tham gia cfla cdng d i n vdi nhflng hlnh thfle, phudng thfle khic nhau, trdn cd sd phUdng chdm 'ddn b i l l , din b i n , d i n l i m , d i n k i l m tra".
Trong cd c l u quyln iyc n h i nUdc, quyln lye tu phip dupe thye hidn bdi nhilu thilt chl n h i nudc khic nhau, nhUng tda i n l i trung tdm. Cdng d i n tham gia v i o ho^t ddng cia tda i n thdng qua c h l djnh hdi t h i m nhin din.
Q u i n \i n h i nude dupc xem xdt nhfl l i hoat ddng mang tlnh t l chflc q u y l n iyc nha nudc, chfl ydu do c i c cd quan n h i nude thyc hidn v i ed sy tham gia trye t i l p hay giin tilp cfla c i c thidt ehd xa hdi khie. Thdng qua cic t l chflc xa hdi m i cdng ddn l i thinh vlin
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To c h n c nhik BU&K S6 6/2012tham gia oung vdi c i c ed quan n h i nudc giii quylt c i c v i n d l lidn quan trye tllp tdi quyln, Ipi fch hpp p h i p efla cdng d i n . C i c t l ehfle xa hdi p h i i hpp vdi c i c cd quan n h i nflde treng x i y dyng ehinh s i c h , phip ludt;
to chflc thye hidn phip ludt; kilm tra, thanh tra, kilm soit vide thue hidn phip ludt.
Quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nude efla edng d i n dupc thyc hidn g i i n tid'p thdng qua sy tham gia v i o q u i n ly n h i nUdo cfla c i c t l chflc x i hdi cfla cdng ddn. Thfle t i l n da minh chflng ring, chinh nhflng dudng Id'i, chfl trudng, quan dilm cfla D i n g t i e ddng ed tlnh quyet djnh tdi djnh hudng efla quin ly n h i nude; c i c t l chflc chinh trj - xa hdi phii hpp vdi eie ed quan n h i nudc trong x i y dyng, ban hinh phip ludt; t l chflc thyc hidn phip luit; kilm soit l i n nhau trong vide thyc hidn phip luit_
- Quyin tham gia quin If xa hfl cua cdng tiin
Trong didu kidn hidn nay, bdn oanh n h i nudc cdn cd nhflng thilt c h l xa hdi khic: to chflc chinh trj, c i e t l chflc ehinh trj - xa hdi v i t l ehfle q u i n ehflng khic. Vd nguydn t i c , cdng d i n tfl nguydn tham gia eie t l chflc dd, ty quin ly c i e t l chflc cfla minh. Cung vdi vide l i m chfl thdng qua c i e to ehfle nhu ndu trdn, cdng d i n cdn thyc hidn chd dd ty q u i n ly trong nhflng odng d i n g xa hdi nhat djnh d eae dilm d i n cU, c i c t l chflc kinh t l do minh sing i i p ndn. Thdng qua hlnh thfle n i y m i edng dan tham gia q u i n ly xa hdi.
3. Mot s6 v i n d l c i n du^c siJIa ddi, b l sung trong Hien phip
Quyln tham gia q u i n \i n h i nude v i x i hpi cfla edng d i n l i ed sd d l hlnh thinh c i e quydn chinh trj khic cfla edng d i n . Chinh vl Id dd, sau khi ghi nhin "Cdng ddn cd quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nudc v i xa hdi" Hidn phap ghi nhdn quyln "tham gia t h i o ludn c i c van d l Chung cfla c i nflde v i dja phudng", quyln "kiln nghj vdi co quan n h i nUdc", quydn "bilu quydt khi N h i nudc t l chflc trung c i u y ddn".
Quyln tham gia q u i n ly n h i nudc v i xa hdi efla edng ddn h i m chfla hai quyln:
quydn tham gia q u i n ti n h i nudc, quyln tham gia q u i n 1;^ x i hdi. C i c quyln "tham gia thio luin c i e v i n d l chung efla c i nudc v i
dja phudng", quyln "kiln nghj vdi ed quan n h i nude", quyln "bilu quylt khi N h i nudc t l ehfle trflng c i u y d i n " l i nhflng quyln dde ldp, cd nhflng d i e thfl vd ndi dung, tlnh chit, ddi hdi cd cd chd phip \i - t l chflc ridng d l b i e d i m thyc hidn. VI vdy, eie quyln n i y cdn dupe t h i hidn mdt eieh ehuydn bidt trong mdt hodc mdt s i dilu cfla Hiln phip.
C i e quydn ndi trdn cfla edng ddn tuy dupe ghi nhdn trong Hiln phip, nhUng dd mdi chl l i k h i ning hinh ddng cfla cdng d i n , tui theo tlnh tfch eye chinh trj v i trich nhidm efla edng d i n d i i vdi cdng ding, n h i nude. D l thyc hidn eie quydn dd trong thyc td ddi hdi phii cd cd chd phip \i, c i c b i o d i m phip ly - t l chflc tfl phia eie ed quan n h i nude. Vdi quan dilm quyln cfla cdng d i n l i nghTa vy cfla N h i nflde, thi bdn eanh vide ghi nhin eie quyln efla cdng d i n , Hidn phip e i n quy djnh trich nhidm, nghTa vy efla tflng cd quan n h i nude d Trung Udng, dja phudng trong vide b i o d i m d l cdng d i n thye hidn dupe c i c quydn hidn djnh. D i n g thdi, d l hidn thye hda eae quyln n i y cfla cdng d i n c i n phii cd c i c luit tUdng flng d l thyc hidn.
Nhfl vay, vide ghi nhin quyln tham gia quin 1;^ nha nude v i x i hdi cfla cdng d i n trong Hidn phip l i sy hien phip hda cfla chd dd ddn chfl xa hdi chfl nghTa trong m l i quan hd gifla N h i nudc - thilt chd cdng ddng vdi cdng d i n - thinh vidn cfla N h i nflde. Quydn tham gia quin ly n h i nude v i xa hdi cfla edng d i n l i sy bilu hidn cfla quydn l i m chfl efla nhin d i n "nhan d i n l i m ehfl thdng qua heat ddng cfla N h i nude, efla c i hd thing ehinh trj v i c i c hinh thfle d i n chfl trflc tid'p, d i n chfl dai didn"'^'. Bdn eanh vide ghi nhin eie quydn efla cdng d i n , c i n phii quy djnh nghTa vy, trich nhidm efla tflng ed quan nha nude trong vide b i o d i m c i c quydn efla cdng d i n . Cd nhu v i y c i e quyln efla edng d i n dflpe ghi nhyn trpng Hiln phip mdi cd t h i dflpe hidn thye hda o
Tii lidu tham khio:
(1), (2) Ding Cdng sin Vidt Nam, Van kifn Dal hfi del biiu toin qudc lin thd Xi, Nxb CTQG, H.2011, tr.84-85; tr.85.
To chnc nha nnoc sdi 6/2012