VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - S6 5 C h a n g 4-2007)
BO SUNG EOT LA SAN VAO KHAU PHAN CO XANH VA ROM U URE NUOI TRAU TO TRONG VU DONG XUAN
Trinh Vdn Trung*, Mai Vdn Sdnh vd Nguyen Cong Dinh
i o f f
Bo mdn Nghien Curu Trau - Vien Chan nudi
*Tac gia de lien he: Trinh Van Trung; DT: 04-8386125 / 0982985827 ''i ru-.j oeG ABSTRACT
Supplementation of cassava leaf meal for young buffaloes fed green grass and urea treated rice straw in winter ,^ ,^ • , An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of cassava leaf meal (CLM) on the growth of young buffaloes. Sixteen buffaloes 1 8 - 2 0 months of age with body weight of 1 7 2 - 1 7 6 kg were divided into 4 treatments with complete ramdomize block design (4 each). Experimental animals were kept and fed individually. They were given the same amount of 1 kg cassava root meal, 10 kg elephant grass, but urea treated rice straw was given ad libitum and cassava leaf meal with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg per head per day. Daily total DM, CP and ME intakes were increased following the increasing of CLM. There was a significant difference in weight gain between treatments supplemented 0 and 0.5 kg CLM versus 1.0 and 1.5 kg CLM (389 and 444 g/day versus 589 and 594 g/day). Feed consumption per kg of weight gain was lowest in the treatment supplemented 1.0 kg CLM. It was concluded that CLM can be used in the diet of young buffaloes to improve the growth and feed consumption in winter. Supplementation of 1.0 kg CLM/day (17% of DM in the diet) was appropriate level for buffaloes 170 - 200 kg body weight
Key words: cassava leaf meal, cassava root meal, elephant grass, urea treated rice straw, young buffaloes.
DAT VAN f)i
Thiirc an ciia trau chu yd'u la ed tu nhidn vl phu pham ndng nghiep. Cd tu nhidn thi ed sin theo miia, vi thd' sir dung ram lam thirc an eho trau la tucmg ddi phd bid'n eiia cle ndng hd trong mtia ddng khi ed xanh khan hid'm. Rom la loai thiic an ed him lugng protein thap, ham lugng lignin tuomg ddi eao, hydrat-earbon hoi tan vl nito ed khi nang ldn men it. Do vay, ram cd ty Id tidu hoi thap la nguydn nhan lam eho gia tri dinh dudng cua loai thiie an nay khdng cao. Dd' sir dung ehiing ed hidu qua ngudi ta thudng sir dung cle loai thiifc an giau nang lugng va protein bd sung vao khau phan de ning eao kha nang ldn men da cd.
Cac thi nghidm ve thii:c an trdn trau bd da tie'n hanh trudc day eho tha'y bd sung bdt 11 sin vao khau phin da lam tang khi nang thu nhan thirc an eiia gia sue, tang ty Id tieu hoi cle chai dinh dudng trong khau phin (Wanapat va es, 1993; Yuangklang va es,2001). Theo nghien ciru ciia Duong Nguyen Khang (2004) cho bidi sd lugng protozoa, vi khuan, bam lugng ni to amoniac (NH3-N) va axit beo bay hai (ABBH) trong da cd tang theo miie do bd sung bdt 11 sin trong khau phin an eua bd. Dinh Van Tuyen vl es (2006) sir dung 70% bdt la sin lam thire an vidn eho bd nhan thay ty Id phan giai da ed eiia VCK va protein thd ciia thiifc an vidn la khi eao, sau 72 gid ii miu trong da ed ty Id phin giii VCK la 86,8-88,8%, protein la 79,9- 81,1%.
Xuli phat tir thuc te' tren, chting tdi tie'n hanh nghien ciiu de tai: "Bd sung bdt la sin vao khau phin cd xanh va rom ii urd nudi trau to trong vu ddng xuan". Mue dich ciia nghien cum nay nhim xle dinh anh hudng cua cle miie bd sung bdt la sin khae nhau trong khiu phin dd'n khi nang tang trgng ciia trau to vl de xuai mirc bd sung phii hgp trong khiu phin eho trau.
VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Ddi tugng nghien ciru
- Gia sue: Trau to 18-20 thing tudi, khd'i lugng trung binh khoang 170 kg.
- Thiire an: Ngudn thire an sin ed tai dia phuang gdm ed voi, ram ii 4% urd, bdt sin va bgt II sin.
Phuang phdp thi nghiem
Bd tri thi nghiem
Sir dung 16 trau 18-20 thing tudi, khd'i lugng liic bit diu thi nghidm trung binh khoang 170 kg, Thdi gian nudi ehuan bi 15 ngay vl tay giun sin bing Levisol 7,5%, lieu lugng Iml/lOkg thd trgng. Thi nghidm duge thidi kd' theo phuang phap khdi nglu nhidn hoan chinh.
Trau duge bam sd tai va phan lam 4 Id, mdi Id 4 eon (elc Id ddng deu nhau ve khdi lugng co thd va tinh bidt). Trau nudi ridng mdi eon trong mdt ngan chudng, ed ming udng, mang an ridng.
Khdu phdn nuoi dicang
Khiu phin tbi nghidm duoc xay dung dua theo tidu ehuan an eho trau sinh trudng eiia Kearl (1982).
Gia sue thi nghiem dugc eho an theo eae khiu phin sau:
Khiu phin thi nghidm Chi tidu
Cd voi
Rom il 4% urd Bdt sin
Bdtla sin
Don vi kg kg kg kg
L d D C 10 an tu do
1,0 0
LdTNI 10 an tudo
1,0 0,5
LdTN2 10 an tu do
1,0 1,0
LdTN3 10 an tudo
1,0 1,5 Cdc chi tieu theo ddi
- Lugng thirc an an vio.
- Kha nang tang trgng ciia nghe.
- Tidu ton thirc an/kg tang trgng.
- Hidu qua kinh te eiia timg khiu phin thii:e an.
X'c ly sd lieu
Sd lidu dugc xir ly bing phin men Excel (Office 2003) va xir ly thdng kd theo phuong phip phan tich phuong sai (ANOVA) trdn ham General Linear Model (GLM) eiia phin mdm Minitab (Version 14.0).
K£'T QUA VA THAO LUAN
Lugng thdc dn vd gid tri dinh dudng trdu thu nhdn dugcTai ea trau thi nghidm deu an hdi lugng bdt sin va bgt 11 sin eung cap, cd voi gan tuong duong nhau, ricng rom ii urd ed xu hudng tang din theo miifc bd sung bdt la san trong khau
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - S6 5 Chang 4-2007)
phan. Lugng thiic an vl gia tri dinh dudng trau thu nhan dugc trung binh trong mdt ngay dugc the hidn theo Bing 1.
Tdng lugng VCK eung nhu lugng VCK/100 kg khd'i lugng va nang lugng trao ddi tidu thu hang ngay cd xu hudng tang din theo miic bd sung bdt la sin trong khau pbIn, khdng ed su sai khae giiia Id ddi chiing va Id TNI eung nhu giira Id TNI va Id TN2, giira Id TN2 va Id TN3.
Lugng protein thd cd sir khic nhau rd ret giiia cle Id thi nghiem va Id ddi chirng. Id TN3 trau thu nhan nhieu nhai, sau de'n Id TN2, tie'p theo la Id TNI va tha'p nhai la Id ddi chumg.
Nhu vay, lugng protein thd trau thu nhan dugc hang ngay tang din theo miic bd sung bdt la sin trong khau phin la do thanh phan protein thd trong bdt la sin cao hom so vdi thire an thd xanh.
Bang 1: Lugng thirc an va gii tri dinh dudng trau thu nhan dugc
Chi tiduRom xir ly 4% urd (kg VCK) Cd voi (kg VCK)
Bdt sin (kg VCK) Bdt la sin (kg VCK) Tdng lugng VCK
Lugng VCK/ 100 kg T.T (kg) Ty Id bdt la sIn/VCK (%) Lugng protein thd ( gam) Ty Id protein/VCK {%) Tdng NLTD (MJ)
L d D C 1,81"
1,42 0,89 0 4,12"
2,1"
0 333"
8,06"
36,9"
LdTNI 1,83"
1,44 0,89 0,45 4,61"'
2,3"' 9,8 446' 9,67' 42,6"'
LdTN2 1,98'
1,43 0,89 0,89 5,20'^'
2,5'^
17,23 557'-' 10,76^^
48,4'^'
LdTN3 2,06'
1,42 0,89 1,35 5,72'-'
2,7*^
23,65 667"
11,67'- 55,5"=
SEM 0,05
:'•
0,19 0,07 0,62 11,93
0,23 1,84 Ghi chit: Cdc sd trung binh mang cdc chic cdi khac nhau theo hdng ngang thi khac nhau cd y nghTa thdng ke (p< 0.05)
So vdi tidu ehuln an cho trau sinh trudng eiia Kearl (1982) ddi vdi trau ed khd'i lugng 200 kg de tang trgng 500g/con/ngly eIn 2,6 kg VCK/lOOkg khdi lugng va 543 gam protein thd/con/ngay, theo Bang 1 cho thiy lugng protein thd thu nhan duge eiia Id TN2 la tucmg duomg. Id TNI tha'p hem edn Id TN3 eao hom, rieng Id ddi chumg chi dat 61,3%. Ty Id protein thd/VCK eiia khiu phin an tuomg umg vdi eae Id ddi chumg. Id TNI, Ld TN2 va Id TN3 tucmg img la 8,08; 9,67; 10,76 vai 1,67%. Nhu vay, theo tidu ehuan an cho trau sinh trudng ciia Kearl (1982) vdi ty Id protein/VCK d Id TN2 la phii hgp.
Anh hudng cua bd sung bpt Id sdn trong khdu phdn dn din khd ndng tdng trgng cua trdu
Bang 2 eho thay tang trgng hang ngay eiia trau d Id bd sung 1,5 kg bdt la sin khd (1,35 kg
VCK) eho tang trgng cao nhai (dat 594 g/ngly), tid'p theo la Id bd sung Ikg (0,89 kg VCK) dat
589 g/ngay. Id bd sung 0,5 kg (0,45 kg VCK) dat 444 g/ngay, trong khi dd Id khdng bd sung
ehi dat 389 g/ngay. Khdng cd su sai khae ve tang trgng ciia trau giira 2 Id ddi chiimg va Id
TNI, cung nhu ldTN2 vl Id TN3. Dieu nay cho tha'y vdi miie bd sung 1 kg bdt la sin/eon/ngay
(17,2% bdt la sin theo VCK trong khau phin) kha nang tang trgng ciia trau gin nhu dat mirc
tdi da.
Kha nang tang trgng eua trau giam din theo thdi gian lam thi nghidm. Thing thi nghiem thii nhai trau eho tang trgng cao, dae bidt Id TN2 va Id TN3 tang 19 kg/eon. Id TNI tang 14 kg vl Id ddi chimg tang 13 kg. Thing thi nghidm thii 2 trau vin eho tang trgng cao, song tha'p ban so vdi thing thir 1. Va eung tuong tu nhu thing thii: 1 trau ldTN2 va 16TN3 eho tang trgng eao hem 16TN1 vl 16 ddi chimg, tuy nhidn khdng ed su sai kh^e giira IdTNl va Id ddi chumg eiing nhu Id TN2 va 16 TN3. Dd'n thing thii: 3 trau cho tang trgng it hem so vdi hai thing trudc.
.,, • . ; , , ' Bang 2: Tang trgng eiia trIu trong thdi gian thi nghidm
Chi tidu L d D C LdTNI LdTN2 LdTN3 SEM Khd'i lugng bit diu TTM (kg) 172,0 177,0 174,0 176,0 2^46 Khd'i lugng sau 1 thing (kg) 185,0" 191,0"' 193,0"' 195,0' 2,18 Tang trgng thing thiir nhai (kg) 13,0" 14,0" 19,0' 19,0' 1,11 Khd'i lugng sau 2thlng (kg) 196,5" 204,0"' 211,0''- 213,5'^ 2,08 Tang trgng thing thiir 2 (kg) 11,5" 13,0" 18,0' 18,5' 1,22 Khd'i lugng sau 3 thing (kg) 207,0" 217,0' 227,0'" 229,5^ 2,12 Tang trgng thang thiir 3 (kg) 10.5" 13" 16' 16' 0.99 Tang trgng toan ky (kg) 35,0" 40,0" 53,0' 53,5' 1,82 Tang trgng/ngay (g) 389" 444" 589' 594' 20,27
Ghi chd: Cdc sd trung binh mang cdc chic cdi khac nhau theo hang ngang thi klidc nhau cd y nghia thdng ke (P< 0.05)
Didu nay cQng pbii hgp vdi qui luat sinh trudng bii eiia trau, do ehan tha tu do, thire an bd sung it duge ehii y de'n, dae bidt vao miia kh6, thire an eung cap bi ban chd' va kim ham su sinh trudng eiia trau. Sau khi trau duge nudi bing khau phin thi nghidm, dinh dudng tdt ban, cudng do sinh trudng tang eao d thdi gian diu sau dd giam din.
Kha nang t.ang trgng ciia trau cung tuomg tu kdi qua thu duge ciia Mai Van Sinh vl cs.
(2006) khi eho trau d eae nhdm an lugng thire an tinh nhu nhau gdm 1kg bdt sin, 1 kg bdt 11 sin va 0,5 kg ri mat, ed voi dugc thay the bing ram ed xir ly urd trong khiu phin theo elc mure 0, 25, 50, 75 % thi trau eho tang trgng tir 488 dd'n 544g/con/ngay.
Tieu tdn thirc dn cho I kg tdng trgng
Bang 3 eho thiy lugng VCK tidu tdn/lkg tang trgng ed xu hudng gilm dan theo mure bd cua bdt la sin trong khiu phin cho tdi mure bd sung Ikg/eon/ngly (tuong umg vdi 17% bdt la sin theo VCK).
Bang 3: Tidu ton thiire an eho 1 kg tang trgng Chi tidu
Tdng lugng VCK tidu thu (kg) Tdng lugng NLTD tidu thu (MJ) Tdng lugng potein tidu thu (kg) Tdng tang trgng (kg)
Tidu tdn VCK eho 1 kg T.T. (kg) Tidu tdn NLTD cho kg T.T. (MJ) Tidu tdn protein cho kg T.T. (kg)
LdDC 370,8
3321 29,97
35,0"
10,59"
94,8"
0,85"
LdTNI 414,9
3834 40,14 40,0"
10,3"
95,8"
1,00'
LdTN2 468 4356 50,13 53,0' 8,83' 82,18'
0,94"
L6TN3 51,5 4995 60,93 53,5' 9,62' 93,36"
1,13'
SEM 17,21 165,6 1,07 1,82 0,59 4,52 0,05 Ghi chd: Cdc sd trung binh mang cdc chic cdi khac nhau theo hdng ngang thi khde nhau cd y nghTa thdng ke (P< 0,05)
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - S6 5 Chang 4-2007)
Cd sai khic giira Id bd sung 1,0 va 1,5 kg bdt II sin so vdi Id bd sung 0,5 va Id ddi chiimg.
Dieu nay cho thay vdi miic bd sung 1,0 kg bdt 11 sin /con/ ngay dem lai su chuyen hoi thtic an la tdt, tidu tdn VCK/lkg tang trgng la thap nhat.
Theo nghien eiiu eua Dao Lan Nhi (2002) vd beo trau to trdn khau phin co sd la rom va cay ngd tuai chua thu bip, trau thi nghidm duge bd sung hang ngay 0,8; 1,6; 2,4 vl 3,2 kg hdn hgp bdt sin va bdt 11 sin (theo ty ldl/1) eho cle Id 1; 2; 3 va 4 tieu ton VCK cho 1,0 kg tang trgng tir 11,04 de'n 15,37 kg. Kdi qua nghidn ciim eiia chiing tdi tidu ton VCK/kg tang trgng tha'p han ed thd trong thi nghidm cua chiing tdi da sir dung ram ii urd nen ty Id tidu hoi eiia an
vao cao hom, kha nang chuyen hoa thiic an tdt ban. ,, Tuomg tu nhu VCK, tidu tdn nang lugng trao ddi/lkg tang trgng cua trau gilm din theo
miic bd sung bdt la sin cho tdi miie Ikg/eon/ngay. Khdng ed su sai khae giira Id ddi chimg vdi Id bd sung 0,5 kg cung nhu Id bd sung 1,0 vdi l,5kg/con/ngay. Cd su sai kbie ve tidu tdn protein thd giira cac khau phin ddi chumg vl khiu phin 2 so vdi khau phan 1 vl khau phin 3 (856,9 va 946,1 so vdi 1004,4 va 1140,0 g). Kdi qua nghien eiiu ciia chiing tdi cung cd sir tuong ddng vdi kdt qua nghien cum ciia Mai Van Sinh va cs., (2006) khi thay the ed voi bing ram ii urd trong khau phin thiie an tinh la bdt sin va bdt la sin tidu ton protein thd/1 kg tang trgng tir934 dd'n 1049g. . i • , . ,, ., n'il
Hieu qud kinh ti cua tieng khdu phdn ' - ' ' C
Hidu qua kinh td' eiia timg khiu phin an duge trinh bay d Bing 4. • . '
Chi phi thiie an cho 1,0 kg tang trgng ed xu budng gilm din theo mire bd sung bdt 11 sin trong khau phin tdi miic bd sung 1,0 kg bdt II sin/ngly. Miirc bd sung Ikg/eon/ngly ehi phi thiire an/kg tang trgng la thap nhit (12.500 ddng), sau dd dd'n miirc bd sung 1,5 kg bdi (13.800 ddng), rdi dd'n mure bd sung 0,5 kg va khdng bd sung (14.600 ddng).
•. - . . ' • I . 1 1 . ; " . J
Bang 4: Hidu qua kinh te'ciia timg khau phin (1000 ddng)
Chi tiduTien mua trau Chi phi thtic an tinh Chi phi thiie an thd Tdng chi phi
Chi phi thire an/kg T.T.
Tien bin trau Thu lai
L d D C 3440 108,0 403,3 3951,3
14,6 4140 188,7
LdTNI 3540 175,5 408,9 4124,4
14,6 4340 215,6
LdTN2 3480 243,0 . 423,0
4146,0 12,5 4540 394,0
LdTN3 3520 , 310,5
. 429,3 4259,8 13,8 4590 330,2 Ghi chit: Gid ure 4.000d/kg, ram 500d/kg, co voi 300d/kg, bot sdn 1.200d/kg vd bdt la sdn 1.500d/kg, trdu hai 20.000d/lkg. ' , ^ ^' _^.^
Vdi gia thiire an, gia mua ban trIu thit nhu tren va edng cham sdc tan dung lai toan ky ed
xu hudng tang din theo miic bd sung bdt la sin vao khau phin an eho tdi miie bd sung 1,0
kg/con/ngay. Ld bd sung Ikg/ngly cho thu lai (394.000 ddng/con), sau dd'n Id bd sung 1,5
kg/ngly thu lai 330.200 ddng/con. Id bd sung 0,5 kg bdt 11 sin eho lai 215.600 ddng, trong khi
dd Id khdng bd sung ehi thu 188.700 ddng/con.
/i. . '. ', ::• .. . KETLUAN , ,
- Bd sung bgt la sin trong khiu phin nu6i bing ed xanh va ram ii urd lam tang kha nang thu nhan thirc an eiia trau.
-Tang trgng eiia trau tang din theo mure bd sung bdt la sin trong khiu phin, 16 bd sung 1,5 kg/eon/ngly trau eho tang trgng eao nhat (594 g/ngly), sau dd la Id bd sung 1,0 kg (589g/ngay), tid'p theo Id bd sung 0,5 kg (444g/ngay) vl thip nhai Id ddi ehiing (389g/ngly).
- Tidu ton thiirc an cho I kg tang trgng ed xu hudng giam theo mure tang bo sung bdt 11 sin trong khau phin cho tdi mirc bd sung Ikg/eon/ngly.
- Chi phi thire an cho 1kg tang trgng gilm din theo miie tang bdt 11 sin trong khau phin tdi mire Ikg/eon/ngay. Lai suit thu duge d Id bd sung 1kg bdt 11 sln/eon/ngay la eao nhit.
- Ddi vdi trau 18-20 thing tudi bd sung 1 kg bdt 11 san/con/ngay tucmg iing vdi 17% trong khiu phan (theo VCK) la phii hgp.
TAI LifeU THAM KHAO
Dao Lan Nhi. 2002. Nghien cii'u nuoi v6 beo trau 18-24 thang tudi bang nguOn thuc an san c6 nham tang kha nang cho thit. Luan an tien sT n6ng nghifip. Ha Npi.
Dinh Van TuySn, Vu Chi Cuong va Pham Bao Duy. 2006. Buoc dau nghien cim sin xuai thirc an vien cho bo sira tu nguyen lieu chinh la bPt la sin va bpt sdn, Bao cao khoa hpc nam 200, Phin nghien cuu thuc an va dinh duong vatnuPi. HaNoi, tr. 109-118.
Duong Nguyen Khang. 2004. Cassava foliage as a Protein source for cattle in Vietnam, PhD Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
Kearl. C. 1982. Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries.lntemational feedstuffs Institute.
UTAH. Agricultural Experiment Station.UTAN. State University, Logan, pp. 109- 112.
Mai Van Sanh, Trinh Van Trung and Nguyen Cong Dinh. 2006. Partial replacement of green grass by Urea treated rice straw in fattening buffalo ration. Final Workshop on improved utilization of agricultural by-products as animal feed in Vietnam and Laos, Vientiane.
Wanapat M., K. Sommart. 1993. Utilization of cassava leaf ( manihot esculenta.crantz) in concentrate mixtures for swamp buffaloes in Thailand, Proc. Feeding Strategies for Improving Ruminant Productivity in Areas of Fluctuating Nutrient Supply. FAO/IAEA, Vienna, Austris.
Yuangklang C , S. Wora-anu, M. Wanapat. N. Nontaso and C. Wachirapakom. 2001. Effects of roughage source on rumen microbes, feed intake and digestibility in swamp buffaloes, Intemational Workshop Current Research and Development on Use of cassava as animal Feed, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, pp.69-71.
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