NGHIEN CIJU & L/NG DUNG
SUTDUNG PHOI HOP THI NGHIEM GIAO KHOA, THI NGHIEM Tl/ TAO VA MAY TINH
DE NANG OAO HIEU Q u i DAY HOC DINH LUAT VAT Ll
PGS. TS. l i CAng M l « n s . ir& n i Ngfc Aim Trudng Bgi hpe SuPhym, Bgi hge Hui SUMMARY
Law of Physics is common and objective relationship among the properties of the objects, the processes and the slates deseribd through the physical quantity, exist under the identified, relatively sustainable and repeatabte conditions.
Mathematics is a very important toot to demonstiate the taws of physics but mathematical reasoning only plays anticipated rote, ariy established taw needs to f^sieat experiment Therefore, experiments play important rotes in teaching the taws of physics to attiact and affect lo students to consider the laws of phenomena
The reality ofteaching in hi^ schools shows that single didactic experiments in teaching the laws of physics can not maximize the efficiency of the teaching process. The combination among didactic experiments,
hands-on experiments and computers in 4 stages: questioning problem solving, summarizing andapptieation wilt enhance the autonomy of students, contiibute to the comprehensive student development, facilitate effeetrve teaching laws of physics at higher levels.
Keywords: Law of Physics, didactic experiments, hands-on experiments, computers.
Ngify nhfn bU: 17/SO016 Ngi, phin Nfn: 4/9O016; Ngi, duyft Mng: S/9O016
L D f t v i n d l
Djnh lu$t V$t li li su khii quit hda mdt cich khoa hpe dua tifn cic quan sit thuc nghifm. Cic kit lu|bi nit ra, hay rai tfiuyit Mnh tfiinh ndi dung djnh luft diu dupc kilm nghifm bdi cic tfii nghifm Vft II. Muc dieh ca bin cila khoa hpe ndi chung, hay Vft li ndi rifng, li md ti tu nhidn bdi hf tfidng cic djnh luft nhu vfy. [3]
Myc dich cOa dsy hpc V|t II li giiip hpe sinh nhfn bilt ring cic hifn tupng frong tu nhien tuy xiy ra phOrc tsp, nhung khdng hiy tifn mi ludn hifin tfieo nhttng quy luft nhit djnh vi xiy ra frong nhtag dilu kifn nhit djnh. Cd nhilu cich dl Wnh tfiinh djnh luft Vft II, ttiy nhidn tfidng qua quan sat frve tilp vi khii quit hoi tfiuc nghifm li con dudng phi biln vi tfiuyit phuc nhit [2]
Chlnh vi tfil, ddi vdi dsy hpc Vft Ii ndi chung vi dsy hpc djnh luft Vft 11 ndi rifng, tfil nghifm cd vai frd dfc bift quan frvng. Tuy nhien, ttong chuong ttinh Vft li phi tfidng, khdng phii bii hpc nio cQng dupe ttang d p tfli nghifm (tfif nghifm giio khoa). Hofc dii vdi nhtag bii cd flil nghifm tfii vife sii dung dan li tfli nghifm dupc nhi ttudng frang cip chua du dl bang isi hifu qui dsy hpc nhu mong muin.
r Do dd, ngoii vifc sii dung cic tfjf nghifm giio 4 • T«P CHi THifrBICaAO DMC-sfi 134-10/2016
khoa cd sin, dsy hpc Vft If d frufag phi thdng dn tang cufag sit dung phii hpp vdi tfil nghif m tu tso vi miy vi tinh, li nhttng phuang frfn dsy hpc hifu qui trong bli cinh giio due hifn nay.
2. Sir dyng phdi hpp thf nghifm (TN) giio khoa, thf nghifm tyr tfo v4 miy vi tfnh (MVT) tl chiic dsy hpc djnh luft V | t If
TN giio khoa, TN tu tso, MVT, diu cd nhtag vai fr^, nhifm vu dfc frung rifng trong dsy hpc Vft II. TN tu tso li nhtag TN dupc GV v i HS tso ra vdi dung cu don giin,^dl kilm frong ddi sing hing ngiy.
TN tu tso cd nhilu uu dilm, cd vai trd quan ttpng ttong vifc phit huy tinh tich cue sfag tso ciia HS. TN tu tso tfiu hlit, kleh tfiich hfag ttiii HS bing nhttng kit qui TN bit ngd. TUy nhifin, quan sit ttve tilp bao gid cfag chi tfiu dupc nhtag diu hifu bfin ngoii ciia su vft hifn hipng mdt cich rdi rsc. Do vfy, dn phii tfln hinh nhtag phfp quy nsp dl nit ra nhtag thudc tinh bfa chit, nhtag mii lifn hf mang tinh quy luft, nghla li khii quit hoi thinh mft djnh luft vft li. Vi tfil, song song vdi TN tu tso, TN giio khoa can dupe khai ttiic ttift dl vdi nhOng kit qui djnh lupng tfiuyit phuc, chinh xic. [1]
Bfn csnh dd, muin HS hilu rO vin dl vi ting cufag khi ning vfn dung li tfiuyit vio tfiuc tiln tfil
NGHIEN CUU & l/NG DUNG
III
f
ban chat Vft U cin dupc phan tich K. Nhin^ vifc lim chfm Isi qui trinh TN, hifn hipng Vft 11 dang x ^ ra frong tfiuc te li dilu hoin tofa khdng tfjirDe khic phuc phii li sur dung TN trf n MVT, cd tfil diing Isi, ba nhanh, chfm, ttiy y muc Udu dsy hpc. Die bift, ddi vdi n l ^ djnh luft tfiong kd, Udn quan d £ tinh chat, chuyin ddng cua cic phfa tii, tfii TN hdn MVT cfa gdp phin cy tfil hoi eic khii nifm friiu tupna tso dilu kifn cho HS de ding nhfn tfiuc dupc
Sii A n * phii hpp TN giii) khoa, TNtu tso v i MVT td chfa d»r hpc djnh luft Vft U cd tfil dupc ben hinh tiieo c ^ giai dosn sau:
-Dft vin dl: Dfiy li budc rit quan ttpng frong bfin frinh dyy hpc, cd inh hudng din chat lupng cOa ci tift hpc. Cd tfil xem day li "giai dosn ving" dl tiln hinh TN tu tso md dau bii hpc, tso dilu kifn cho HS phin doin, xem xft, dinh gii, kich tfuch hfag fljii, khdi dfng br duy.
- Giii quyit v£a dl: Xuit phit tir nhOng mfu tfiufn niy sinh frong giai (tosn ttudc, GV cfag HS dfi xuit cic phuong in TN dl ciing nhau tiln hinh qiKm sit. Alio lufn. giii tfilch eic hifn bipng xiy la.
Ddng tfidi lifin kit cic dtt kifn, cic hifn bipng dl hinh tfiinh cic gii tfiuyit mdi. TN giio khoa vdi cic kft qui djnh tfnh, djnh lupng tfii^fit phyc, chlnh xac sfi li ca sd quan frpng dl giii qi^lt vin de.
- Ting kit: Vifc kilm chfag cic gii tfiuyit, kit hpp vdi cic mdi lifin hf H dupe ttiiit lfp bi frudc 0 / vf HS sfi dua ra nhttng nhfn djnh chung vl cic vin dfi di giii qiq^lt, ding ttidi dua ra bin chit vin dfi, Wnh ttiinh djnh luft. TN frdn MVT su dung ttong giai dosn n ^ ngoii tic dyng dilu chtah tiln dd nhanh, chfm hiy y, cdn cd tfil U hidng hoi, losi bd cic tic nhfin khdng mong muin mi ttong tfiuc tl rat khd frift tifu.
- Ap dung: Sau khi kiln tfifa, nfi dung djnh luft
mdi da duigc hinh tfiinh, HS khdng chl don tfiuin gW nhd mi < ^ phii biet vfn dyng giii quyit cic vin dl tfiuc te. Host dfng nay khdng chi dupe tiln hinh trof^ phsm vi Idp hpc mi phii duy fri lifin tuc tfidng qua host ddng tu hpc d nhi ciia HS. Nlu muin HS
^ dung U ttiuy« dfi hpc mdt cich Wfu qui tfii vifc tl chfa d ^ hpc d n thu hut dupc hiing thu, ty giic ciia HS. Do dd, cic bai « p vfn dfag li cic TN ttf n MVT, TN tu tso do GV tien hinh ydu d u H S giii tfilch sfi phii hpp toong giai dosn niy. Mft khic, GV cdn cd tfjf giao nhifm vu cho HS tu minh tiln hanh cic TN tu tso dl tti ldi cic cau hdi GV dft ra. Host dfng niy khdng cW nfing cao mfa dp vfn dfag cOa HS, mi edn pbit triln br duy sing tso, rfin luyfn M nfag tfiuc hanh tdng h«p cho HS.
3. Vfn dvng ti chfa d#y hpc dinh luft Bdi- Lor-M»-Ri-Ot theo hudng sir dyng phii hpp TN gUo khoa, TN ty tfo v i MVT
Djnh luft Bdi-lo- Ma-ri-lt dupc phfin bl frong bii 29, chuong Chit khi. Dfiy li djnh luft diu tifin mi HS dupc hpc frong phin NWft hpc, do dd, vifc td chuK dsy hpc tfiinh cdng ndi dung djnh luft niy sfi tso dilu kien tfiufn lpi cho qui ttinh dsy hpc nhtag djnh lu|t tilp tfieo.
Tien tttah tl chfa dsy hpc (DH) cfag frii qua C&: budc nhu mdt bii hpc Vft II tfidng ttiufag, biy nWen dfc bift d n ling ghep 4 giai dosn tl chfa dsy hpc djnh luft Vft If cd sii dfag phii hpp TN giio khoa, TN tu tso vi MVT, bao gdm:
- Bude 1: Xic djnh muc tifu DH
- Budc 2: Thinh lfp danh muc TN lifin quan din nfl fang bii hpc (TN giio khoa, TN tutso, MVT) Trong dd, dya vio tinh htah tfiyc tl ciia TN giio khoa (c6 hay khdng cd, sii dyng dupc hay khdng sii dfag dfac) dfi cd bifn jrfiip ting cudne TN tu tso vi MVT (nfiu efin). dim bio tfifa Wfn cfiy dii muc tifiu dsy hpc
(Xemtlip trang 48) TAPCHlTHtfrBKatoOMC-Sfi 134-10/2016 • 5
Ill
Ufu TKB de ding chiiyf sang excel, tifn Ifri cho vifc Ipc TKB, ta in.
Tii Ufn tham khio
1. Ngi^ln Hii Thanh (2006) Dsi hpc Ndng ngUf p I, Gido tiinh Tdi uu hda, Nhi xuit bto Bich Khoa Hi Nfi, Hi Nfi.
2. Ngi^ln Dtah Thte (2002), Tri hif nhdn tgo
Lgp trinh tiin hda, NXB Gito DvfC-
3. Phsm Anh Thin (20I2X Ung dyng gjdi thupt di truyin dixip thdi khda biiu h$ tin dijcho tivdng dpi hpe, Lufa vto thsc si; Dsi iipc D i Nfing.
4. Goldberg, D.E (1989), Genetic Algoritima in Search. Optimization arui Machine Lecamiitg, Addison-Wesley Press.
5. Jota H. Holland (1992), Adaptation In Nahiral And Artificial Systems, The MTT Press.
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Sir DUNG PHOI HOP THI NGHIEM GIAO KHOA.
•• (tify theo trang S)- Bute 3; TUlt kl tiln trtah DH
- Bute 4: Tlln hfinh ti chte DH taeo tiln frtah dfi xfiy dyng
Trong dd. vai frd cfa HS d cto host dfng cd stt dyng TN sfi ty lyc. chtt dfng hoa dudi sy dinh hudng. gittp dd cfa GV. Cy tai taeo so di sau:
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, 9*MM»Mr«iTNI " " ! G ^ l « . t * . « 9 * t w i i . * . » ; y ^
Qufi trinh ti chte DH tfing cudng su dyng nWlu '«>»» Unh TN. do dd, nfi dung kilm ta dfinh gifi cttng cd tai bi auig ttifim cto bfii tfp TN, cto hdi tayc tl...
de gdp phin dfinh gifi toto dif n ngudi hpe. phfit hyy Wfu qufi qufi trtah dsy hpc.
4. Kit lufn
Stt^dyng pbii hpp TN gito khoa, TN ty tso vfi MVT to chte dsy hpc difa luft Vft U khdng cW kich 41 • T«P CHiTHI^BI Gito DMC-sfi 134-10/2016
tach vfi duy fri hfag thtt cfa HS trong suit tilt hpc, mi cdn ttog cutag sy chtt dfng, tich eye efa HS.
Dilu niy khdng chi gdp phin phit huy Wfu qui ctta dsy hpc dinh luft Vft U ndi rifing mi cdn ttog cudng Wfu qui cfa vifc stt dfag TN frong dsy hpc Vft 11 ndi chung, ding tadi lim phong phtt tafm hlnh tate kilm fra dinh gifi ngudi D lite, phtt hpp vdi xu hutag dii mdi gito
*"" dye trong giai dofa Wfn nay.
4TNikl>fif« — — ^ — ^ — ^ . ^ _ ^ - ^ . ^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ _ ^ ^ _ _ _ _ ^ ^ . ^
"** Tfil Ufu tham khio I. Nguyin Hofag Anh (2015).
,*M, "Xdy dyng vd si dyng thi nghifm tif tgo theo hudng tich eye hda hogt dpng nhpn thie da hge sinh tivng dgy hge • phdn "Ca hge " Vpt litdp 12 ndng eao "
Lufn fa tiln si, Chuyfin nginh Ll lufn vfi phuong phfip dsy hpc bf mdn Vft 11. Trudng Dsi hpc Su phsm. Dsi hpc Hui
2. Phsm Kim Chuiw (2006). Phuang pht^ dgy hpc Vgt li d tivdng pho thdng. Bfii gifing khoa Su phsm, Dsi hpe Quic gia Hfi Nfi
3. Nguyin Vfa IChii (2002). Li ludn dgy hgc Vpi ti d tivdng pho thdng. NXB Gito dye Hi Nfi