KHOA HOC XA HOI
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dc ngudi Khiia d xa Trgng Hoa, huyen Minh Hoa chiem V'i dan sd trong toan xa: gdm cac ban La Trgng, ban Rugng, Ka Ing, ban Ra Mai, Mu Rugng, Ra Hoang, Na, Can Bdn, Le. Hg thugc nhdm Bru - Van Kieu. Hg cdn cd ten ggi kotoe, Blu bam. Theo each ndi eiia mgt sd tac gia va thue te cua mgt sd gia lang thi hg cho rang nhdm tdc ngudi nay cd ngudn gdc tu Trung Lao sang. Tuy nhien thuc te thi ngudi Khua thudc nhom Bru - Van kieu. Do qua trinh di dan theo phong tue tap quan de tim ngudn nude, dat dai smh sdng, tim kiem ngudn thire an va mgt phan do chien tranh ciia de qudc My tan pha, hg phai di ddi vao trong nui cao, rirng ram de sinh sdng.Bdi vay, trong sinh boat hg bj anh hudng, tac dgng qua lai ciia mgt sd van boa cua cac tdc
chit dugc dua ra phia eira sd, neu khach khdng bilt ma nhay qua dudng cira sd de xudng thi se bj lang va gia dinh phat va bang bd, Ign.
Ngudi Khua tin rang mgi boat dgng trong ddi song hang ngay deu do lire lugng sieu nhien chi phoi. Tat ca cac hien tugng khac thudng cua thien nhien deu la ddi tugng thd ciing. Tren ban thd td tien thudng thd cac thir danh cho ngudi chit nhu kiem, bat, sao ai, khen, gay chdng, nha bang md hinh, vong la, khan quan dau, con ngua, con voi, thuyen md hinh... tue nhQng thir ma khi sdng can dimg thi khi chet cung dugc mang theo. Cdn heo, bd, ngua, trau... cd the la hinh thirc thd dng td ciia minh hay la tin ngudng td tem giao cua ngudi Khiia. Hg tin tudng vao thay ciing khi can lam mgt viec gi dd nhu chua benh cau yen (cau an) dau nam deu phai thdng
Tim hieu Le buoc chi cd. fay ciia ngiroi Khua xa Trong IJoa. huyen Tuyen IJoa
TRAN THI DIEU HONG
ngudi ke can. Trong 6 Chau Can Luc ciia Duong Van An the ky XVI cQng da ndi den tdc ngudi nay da sinh sdng d viing phia Tay eiia tinh Quang Binh. Ngudi Khiia ndi ngdn ngu Mdn Khome.
Cung nhu cac tdc ngudi khac, ngudi Khiia d xa Trgng Hoa cdn d tinh trang phat trien chua cao. Trinh do dan tri cdn d mire thap. Nhan thire ve vu tru, the gidi, con ngudi cdn ban che.
Trong ddi sdng tam linh cdn bi chi phdi nhieu dieu me tin, hii tuc lac hau. Tir luc mdi sinh den luc nham mat xudi tay, con ngudi bj chi phdi biet bao dieu. Qua khao sat cho thay, ngudi Khiia d xa Trgng Hoa, huyen Minh Hoa van cdn nang tap tue me tin. Ngudi dm phai mdi thay ve ciing, cau cho mau lanh. Ngudi sinh de phai lam Ian ra d rieng, khi day cir mdi dugc vao nha.
Con dau khdng dugc di qua gidi ban ciia phdng khach. Con re khdng dugc budc vao ngan budng ciia ngirdi nha vg va chi dugc ngdi d gdc trai ciia phdng khach nha vg. Bd chdng khdng ngdi an com chung mam vdi con dau. Ngudi
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qua thay eiing ndi vdi ngudi da chet. Day la hinh thirc tin nguang cdn kha phd bien dugc duy tri dau nam. Trong le budc chi cd, tay ciia ngudi Khiia xa Trgng Hoa sau Tit am Ijch khoang rndt thang ma chiing tdi dugc tan mat chirng kien thuc chat la mgt buoi le cau yen dau nam de cau may man, sue khoe eho mgi ngudi trong gia dinh, hg hang.
Le vat de chuan bj eho le budc chi cd, tay gdm ed mam g p nep (ca tgdc), ben trong mam cd dung gao nep dat tren chile khan cd truyin mau trang, mgt td gao nep ben tren cd dat mot qua trirng xung quanh cd xip triu mgt dong bac trang cd hinh (dong tiln Ddng Dudng thugc Phap san xuat trong khoang 1892 den 1906).
Ben canh la mgt thanh kiem vat gia truyin ciia ddng hg. Xung quanh cd xep va cam nIn lam bang sap ong. Ben canh la dTa trau cau, mgt chai rugu. Ngoai ra cdn chuan bj them 3 vd rugu cSn do gia dinh tu lam lay, xdi, thjt, ca dl mdi moi ngudi trong hg tgc va ba eon trong ban din an.
Ngoai ra hg cdn chuan bj them 4 mam ll bang
IK
THdNG TIN KHOA HpC - CdNG NGH| - OB J 2 0 0 9So 2
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KHOA HOC XA HOI
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nhQng be chudi bdc ra xep thanh mam hinh vudng dugc xep tren, xung quanh cd cam que cd hinh la cd lam bang be chudi mau trang. Dudi la cd CO huge chi. Cay chudi dugc bdc ra thanh be ket thanh 4 mam hinh vudng cd de com rau...
Bdn mam hinh vudng dugc xep thanh hinh ky
L§ budc chi CO, tay cua ngudi Khiia d xa Trgng Hda, huyen Tuyen Hda
dai theo kieu bac thang. Theo gia chu thi thire an de danh cho nhQng ngudi chet an. Ben canh la 3 tau chuoi dugc ket 1 thanh hinh tam giac chum lai d giQa cd 3 mam co-m rau hinh tam giac, ben tren cd cam cd budc day va nhQ-ng hinh nhan bang be chudi cd day mau den tugng trirng cho ma rii, nhQng ngudi da chet.
Budc vao budi le, ngudi dan ba la thay Cling ngdi d phdng khach chd dat mam gao nep, tren dau quan vdng chi du mau xanh, dd trang, tay cam quat vung vay, mgt tay bdc nep d mam, vira hat theo dieu dan ca Lao. Hat xong mgt doan, ba ta dd nhung hat gao nep vao bat nep va tiep tuc bdc nep dudi mam. Sau mgt hdi khoang 5 phut ba ta cam chiec kiem len dung dung tren bat gao nep va tiep tuc cau khan, hat. Ndi dung Idi khan la cau mong mgt nam sire khoe yen binh, khong dm dau benh tat va miia mang bdi thu. Sau dd ba hat tiep va bung khay lugn, trau mdi khach. Ben canh cd mgt dng thay cung dgc nhQ'ng Idi khan bang tieng Khira dap lai ldi khan
kia va ndi ldi cam on (xa). Muc dich ciia le nay la mdi ggi hon ngudi chit ve de chiing kien buoi le huge chi co. tay cimg gia chii. Sau le nay dugc nghi mgt tiing de an udng. Trong khi thay ciing dgc khan, cd mgt ngudi diing sao oi thdj dieu ggi hon mdi ngudi chet ve chung kien le budc chi cd, tay theo dieu budn ai oan, ke le.
Budc thu hai la le budc chi cd dugc bat dau. NhQng mam com.
rau bang be chudi ket (ggi la Pa todng) dugc long trgng bung vao nha dat xudng rai deu ben canh nhau. Ngoai ra cdn mgt tin com nip, mgt dau heo luge, mgt khay lugn va hai bat nude ben trong cam mgt canh la. Thay Ciing bat dau dgc, hat, tay bdc com tu mam sang cay neu danh cho ngudi chet, sgi chi dugc ndi tii- mam le den tay ngudi dugc budc ngdi quay lung lai mam le sau mgt hdi cimg ngudi dugc budc quay lai dua cho thay mgt sd tien, thay dat vao mam ggi hon mgt nua, cdn mgt nQa dugc tra cdng cho thay ciing (theo ddng bao thi: tien tugng trung cho su xui xeo nen khdng dugc lay bet ma phai danh eho ma mgt nua. Sau dd hai thay ciing lam le vay nude d bat vao ngudi dugc budc chi. Ngudi dd quay lai ndi Idi cam on va mdi rugu. Thay Cung dung day cam thanh kiem dung dung miia xung quanh dau, vai ngudi dugc budc chi, mieng hat, chan giam len lung rdi giam xudng nha san phat ra tieng keu, sau do ng6i xuong thao vong chi tren dau riit ra mgt sgi, ve vdi sgi chi dang le d mam pa todng.
Sgi chi nay tugng trung cho ngudi dugc budc da la con nuoi cua ba thay cimg. Hg quan niem chi cd thay cimg mdi lien he dugc vdi the gidi ciia ngudi chet. Thdng qua thay cimg khan cau mong cho hg dugc sue khoe binh an. Khi sgi chi cudn huge vao cd, tire Giang va Than linh, linh hon ngudi chet da chap nhan ldi cau khan cua hg. Ba thay cung lay kiem cat diit sgi chi dugc ndi tu mam ll den tay ngudi budc va bat dau cdt vao cd ngudi dugc bugc. Cu the le budc chi cho nhu'ng ngudi trong gia dinh tiep tuc cho den khi bet ngudi trong gia dinh. Ldi hat, tieng khen, tieng sao, Idi khan cir the cho den bet budi le.
Anh: DH
So 2
2009
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THdNG TIN KHOA HQC - CdNG NGHf - OB^ ^KHOA HOC XA HOI
Kit thiic le nay ba thay ciing dirng day cam kiem nang cay neu len, giam chan xudng san nha va dat xudng dau mam le, chd cd dau heo va ap xdi. Ldi cua hai thay cung khac nhau. Sau do la le budc chi d tay ciia nhQng ngudi trong gia dinh. Le nay cung dien ra tuang tu nhu le budc chi d cd va dien ra trong mgt ngay hdm dd. Ngi dung cung tuong tu nhu le tren, tue cau cho sue khoe (banh xuyen), cho yen binh vdi tat ca mgi ngudi trong gia dinh.
Le budc chi co, tay eiia ngudi Khiia d xa Trgng Hoa ndi rieng va ngudi Khiia ndi chung thuc chat la budi le cau yen hang nam dugc td chuc dau nam gidng nhu le eau yen dau nam ciia ngudi Viet. Le dugc td chirc de eau mong mgt nam an lanh, cho mgi ngudi trong gia dinh day la mgt net van boa doe dao ciia ngudi Khiia van dugc duy tri. Qua do the hien ban sac van hoa CLia tgc ngudi. Nd da dugc bao luu, gin giQ- tu- bao ddi ma khdng bj mai mgt. Trong le ed sir the hien giao thoa van boa giQ-a Lao va Khiia, cd
sir dan xen van boa giua hai tdc ngudi. Thiet nghT cung diing vi khi ma hg an, d, sdng gan vdi ngudi Lao, va trudc day trong chien tranh chong My hg da di cu vao sau trong nui cao, rirng ram de tranh bom dan ciia ke thii. Biet dau dd hg con song chung vdi ngudi Lao nhu anh em, thi sir giao thoa van hoa nay la le duong nhien. Tir Idi hat, ldi khan, dieu khen cung mang am hudng ciia bg tgc Lao van dugc duy tri cho den hom nay.
Le budc chi cd, tay cua ngudi Khiia cung la mgt trong nhung net dep van hoa, the hien ban sac van hoa dan tdc. Vi vay, can dugc duy tri bao luu gin giu va phat trien. Ddi vdi tdc nguai d tren tuyen dudng 12A thi cd the phuc dung le hdi, duy tri de Idi cudn du khach khi tham quan du ljch cac diem di tich nhu Cha Lo, Cong Trdi... ghe tham ban van hoa ngudi Khiia frong dd ed le budc chi cd, tay la mgt viec nen lam.
T.T.D.H
Quang B i n h mua r u o c
(Tiep theo trang 81)
Cach che bien thir hai ciia rude la lam mam rude. Rude dugc viit het cat, trgn mudi vdi ti le
1/20. NghTa la, 1 can mudi thi mudi dugc 20 can rude. Ru6c va mudi trgn deu, sau 5 den 7 gid thi dirge vdt ra, ep rao nude, phoi gid hoac nang.
Con rude phoi khd, cdn lai mgt it do am can thiet thi dugc dua xay nhd. Trudc day, ngudi ta dua vao cdi de gia. Gia rude nhu gia bgt, gia gao. Ngay nay thi da cd may xay chay bang ddng CO- dien. Rude dugc xay nhd. hoa vao nude ruoc sau khi da dugc nau chin va de ngudi. De nhu the giQa nang do 3, 4 thang sau thi cd the an dugc. Tuy nhien, phai ed chanh, dt de khu miii tanh. Neu de lau hon, rude se cang ngon va cd nirdc mam dgng lai. Nude mam rude ngon gap 3, 4 lan so vdi nude mam ca. Bdi vi do dam tinh khiet cua nd cao hon.
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Rude dung de nau canh thay mi chin. Ruoc cdn lam vj dung de cham banh, cham bun, cham thjt, banh diie, banh da hoac cac loai trai nhu dua, ca. Ngudi di xa thudng mua ruoc lam qua cho ddng huang noi minh din. Rule Canh Duong, Ly Hoa, Nhan Trach, Bao Ninh, Hai Ninh ngon ndi tiing.
Quang Binh ndi neng, cac tinh ven bien mien Trung ndi chung dang budc vao miia ruoc.
Rude chi cd d nhung viing ma long nude bien cd cat. Cd le, cat trong bien cd lam phii du de con rude cd dugc mdi an va sinh trudng nhanh chdng.
Dat nude ta cd bd bien dai va ruoc la dSc san quy bao ddi cua ngudi dan biln Quang Binh ndi rieng, Viet Nam ndi chung.
H.N.D
K
THdNG TIN KHOA HQC - CONG NGHj - QBSoi
2009