Thuc tieh - Kinh nghiSm
^Dao tao ngudn nhan iuc va phat trien cong nghe do dac va ban do
O TS. TRAN BACH GIANG Cue Do dac vd Ban dS Viet Nam
T
rong 20 nim cudi cua Theky XX, cdng nghi DD&BD da eo nhQng thay ddi mang tinh chit bude ngoat: Cong nghe truyin thdng dua tren cae phuong phap do gdc, do canh, xdly anh chup mat dai bang md hinh quang hpc da dupc thay thi bing cong nghe sd dua tren nin tang cua cdng nghe ve tinh va CNTT. Vi vay, da dong gop vai trd quan trpng mang tinh din dudng cho cdng cupc chinh phuc vu tru cua loai ngudt.Phat tridn cong nghe do dac va ban dd
Cdng nghd OO&BO hien dal tnidc het tao dupc nhCfng cdng cu mdi vdi tam hogt ddng rdng hon, ddy 6ii, ehi tiet, chfnh xdc vd kjp tiidi hon. Cdng nghe mdi tao dupc kha ndng giam gia thdnh san pham, giam ddng k l thdi gian thi dng, khdng phu thudc ylu td ngoai dnh, eung nhu khdng phu ttiudc vao chD quan cDa con ngudi.
Cdng nghd djnh vj vd tinh toan d u GPS da nhanh ehdng thay the d c thiet bj do dge ludi tga dp, md rdng tam hoat ddng tdi val nghin km va tao thdm kha ndng ffinh vl d nhiing ddi tupng dpng. Cdng nghe ehijp anh vd tinh da dat dupe nhijfng budc phdt triln ddng k l trong nhufng nSm gan ddy, dp phdn giai cDa anh dat tdi mQc 0,5 m vdi nhidu phd khdc nhau giDp cho kha ndng thdng ttn nhanh 6k lap dupc d c loai ban dd <^a hinh, nghidn ctiu d e yeu td vat ly vd hda hpc tren b l mdt dd't. Anh radar giDp cho qua trinh phdn tfch bien
dpng cDa thdng tin trdn mdt ddt hidu qua. Cdng nghe quet sidu dm day nude tQ tau do dac, quet laser mat dd't tu may bay da giup eho qua trinh lap ban dd eac loai ty le Idn ehfnh xac vd nhanh ehdng.
Cdng nghe thdng tin vdi ky thudt dd hpa hidn dai da tao nen mdt bude tien frong vide xQ ly thdng tin thu nhan dupc ve Trdi da't (thdng ttn ffiia ly), td ehifc quan ly thdng ttn va xay dyng md hinh thdng tin ve lanh thd (he thdng thdng tin dja ly).
Odn nay, toan bd day chuyln cdng nghe san xuat ttidng ttn OO&BO da dui3c td ChQc dudi dang cdng nghd xQ ly sd, tU khau thu nhan, xQ ly, quan ly tdi cap phat thdng tin.
Theo Quyet djnh sd 33/QO- TTg phe duydt "Chien lopc phat trien Nganh Do dge va Ban dd Viet Nam dd'n ndm 2020" thi, OO&BO Id hoat ddng dieu tra ed ban phai dQdc ffi tnfdc mdt budc nham bao dam ha tang thdng tin dja ly cho nhu cau phat triln KT-XH, quan ly TNTN&MT trong nudc, dap Qng nhu d u tham gia hpp tac de gial
quyet d c bai todn toan d u va khu viJC ve nghien cQU khoa hpe Trai dat, ve giam sat TNTN&MT trong qua trinh hpi nhap kinh te qude te eDa Viet Nam. Cu ttil: Phat triln Ngdnh OO&BO Vidt Nam trd thanh mpt ngdnh ffidu tra cd ban cd frinh dp KH&CN hidn dgi dat mQc tien tien cDa khu vut va tidp d n vdi trinh dp tien tid'n trdn the gldi; bao dam viec xdy dt^hg va cung d p hg tang thdng tin ffia ly ddy dD, ehfnh xac, kjp thdi nham phuc vu d c yeu d u d a QLNN v l lanh thd, dat dai, TNTN&MT, hoat ddng KT-XH:
bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh;
nghien cQu khoa hpc ve Trdi dat;
nhdn thdt dung hien trang va quy hoach phdt triln ben vung KT-XH;
phdng chdng thidn tai vd BVMT;
ddp Qng thdng tin eho nhu d u sD dung cDa cdng ddng trong hogt ddng kinh te, giao dye, ddo tao, nghien cQu, sinh hogt vd ndng cao dan trf; xay dimg he thdng cd quan QLNN trong Itnh vue OO&BO d ndng lyc, hoat ddng cd hidu qua, dap img ydu d u phat triln ehung 3 4 Tdi nguydn vg Mdi tradng [ K>2-Thing 5^015
cDa Nganh; sdm hoan thidn co sd phap ly ffieu chinh td ehQc va hoat ddng cDa Nganh OO&BO Viet Nam, bao dam gid trj phap ly cDa d c loai ban dd vd sd lidu do dac frong ban do.
Lay vide dau tu cho KH&CN trong Ngdnh OO&BO lam giai phdp chD yeu 6e phdt triln. Viec phat triln KH&CN OO&BO d nudc ta phai phD hpp vdi ffidu kien trong nudc dong thdi tie'p can vdi trinh dp tidn tie'n cDa the gidi; d D dpng dap Qhg nhu d u can thiet vd phat triln va Qng dung cdc edng nghe thu nhdn, xQ ly thdng ttn, xay dyng eo sd dQ lieu dja ly va hd thdng thdng ttn dja ly, luu tru va cung cap thdng tin, bao dam tfnh day dD, chinh xac, kjp thdi va gia thanh ha; he thdng thdng ttn OO&BO phai bao dam chuan qude gia thdng nhd't phD hpp chudn qude te, dD phuc vu nhu d u QLNN ve lanh thd, quan ly d c hoat dpng KT-XH, quy hoach phdt triln ben vufng nen KT- XH, bao dam QP-AN, phdng, chdng thidn tai, giam sat khai thac TNTN, kilm soat ttnh trang mdi tnfdng, dap img nhu cau sQ dung thdng ttn cDa d n g ddng phuc vu quan ly san xuat djch vy, giao due, dao tao, nghien cQu khoa hpe vd ndng cao ddn trf. Bdn canh dd, d n phat huy ndi lyc, nhat la ndng lyc trf tud eua ngQdi Vidt Nam de phat friln va img dung cdng nghe DO&BO, dac biet, trong ITnh vyc d n g nghe phan mim ve xQ ly thdng tin dja ly, ffi ddi vdi tang cudng va md rpng hpp tde qude te ve E)0&BD; tQng bude xa hpi hod djeh vu DO&BO, thUdng mai hod thdngtin, tulieu OO&BD.
Day manh cdng tac dao tao Cdng tac dao tao ngudn nhdn lye vd phdt triln cdng nghe DO&BO hien tai va trong tuong lai phai ddp img ydu eau san xud't, cdc thdng tin dia ly nhanh, day dD,
ehinh xac va vdi gia thanh ha. Vi vay, npi dung kie'n thQc can dao tao cho cac chuyen nganh cDa nganh ky thuat trie dja, ban dd can dD "lieu lupng" mdi dap Qng yeu cau. Trong thyc tien hoat dpng OO&BO hien nay, ranh gidi giQa cdc chuyen nganh, dde biet la giQa do dac (trie dia) va ban dd xet tren gdc dp phuc vu san xuat ra san pham thdng ttn dja ly, ban dd dien tQ gan nhU khdng tdn tat.
Viec ddi mdi ndi dung dao tao theo hudng ndy can dupc quan tdm d l dap Qng dupe yeu cau san xua't theo sd do: TQ thu thap, xQ ly thdng ttn de'n (xdy dyng) CSDL dja ly va (bien tap) ban dd.
Hien nay, chQOng frinh dao tao ngdnh ky thuat trie dja, ban do gdm cdc chuyen nganh: Trie ffia, ban dd, dja chinh, trac dia md, d n g trinh, hd thdng thdng ttn dja ly... vdi muc ttdu, khdi iQpng kien thQc va de euong chi tiet dUdc xay dting eho ttmg ehuyen ngdnh co ban ddy dD, dap Qng yeu cau nang cao chat lupng dao tgo dgi hgc, doi mdi npi dung dao tao ve sQ dung va khai thac thdng ttn OO&BO,
Nhu d u phat trien ben vOng nen kinh te, bao dam QP - AN, BVMT, TNTN, phdng chdng thidn tai, nang cao dan trf dang ddi hdi ngdnh OO&BO eac t h i loai thdng tin nhu: He quy chidu toa dd qude gia hien dgi theo quan dilm ddng de kit ndi chfnh xac vdi He quy chieu ddng qude te ITRF, He quy chieu tpa dp phuc vy QP - AN; mdt ludi diem tga 6g qud'c gla d mQc dp sd IQpng dilm tdi thilu can ehdn mdc tren thuc dja; ludi dilm tpa dp qudc gia vQa la gde tpa dp cho ttmg dia phuong, vtra la khung tpa dp d l nin anh vd tinh ve tpa dp dja phuong, vQa Id iQdi quan trac dich ddng vd Trdi dat nham mue dfch dQ bao cdc tai bidn dia
chat bang phuong phap do dac;
mdt ludi dd cao quoc gia vdi sd lupng dilm tdi thieu do bang phuong phdp do cao hinh hpe dien tQ de lam ed sd xay dyng chi'nh xae md hinh dp cao mdt diing the
"0" (mdt Geoid), md hinh sd dp eao dja hinh; mpt ludi diem trpng lue d mdt dp phD hpp 6e vQa hieu chinh chinh xae he thdng dp cao, vQa phijc vij muc dfch nghien cQu khoa hpc ve trudng trpng lUe Trdi da't, vQa phuc vu thdm dd ffia ehat bang phUdng phap trgng lyc; he thdng anh mdt dat chup tQve tinh, mdy bay d ty Id phD hpp, chup bang sdng anh sang d edc phd phD hpp, bang sdng radar, bang sdng laser sao cho bao dam thu nhan thdng tin be mat dat d mQc dp chi tiet can thie't 6k lap ban do dja hinh phuc vu cac muc dfch khae nhau, lap ban do dja chfnh, ban do quy hoach xay dting va d c loai ban do chuyen nganh, ehuyen de, chuyen dung khac;
cap nhdt thdng tin tren cae loai ban do va CSDL dja ly; gidm sat tinh trang sQ dung TNTN&MT;
cung cap thdng tin eho mue dfch quan ly va quy hoach d c ngdnh, eae dja phuong, eho nhu cau thdng tin phuc vu dieu hanh kinh te, cdng ddng va nang cao ddn trf;
he thdng thdng tin, ban dd dQdi dgng CSDL dja ly, ban do dien tQ, ban dd tren giay, tap ban do, atlas cdc t h i loai ve be mat dat lien, mdt biln, day biln d cae ty- Id phD hpp bao dam dD thdng tin, du dp chfnh xae, dupc cap nhdt kip thdi, Ngoai ra, BOKH la van de quan tdm trdn pham VI todn cau, vi vay, kien thQc trae ffia, ban do phue vu nghien eifu, canh bao vd khac phuc hau qua tham hpa thien tai ndi chung va eDa BDKH ndi ridng cung d n dupe xem xet trong ndi dung dao tao.B
Tdi nguyan vg Mdi tradng | Kjf 2-Thing 5/2015 3 5