Ket qua nghien cuu Khoa hpc B V T V - 8 6 5 / 2 0 1 1
K4t qua giam djnh va nghien CLFU mpt so y4u to anh hu'O'ng den SIF phat triln cua tac nhan gay benh than thu* hai bong t^i Ninh Thuan
Hodng Thj My LO, Mai Vdn Hdo^
Ngd Bich Hdo^
Abstract
Results of identification and studies on affecting factors of anthranose pathogen on cotton In Ninh Thuan
Anthracnose is one of the common disease on cotton. Cotton anthracnose, is the primary cause of seedling blight, boll rot and fiber deterioration in high humidity conditions. Epidemics of anthracnose are sporadic but cause significant economic loss when they appear Anthracnose boll rot losses diminished with the coming of the boll weevil and the change to eariier, smaller, less vegetative varietal types.
Symptoms on cotyledons are small reddish or light-colored spots. Diseased seedlings show reddish- brown lesions below ground. The lesions may be on one side of the stem, or they may sun-ound it and extend down on the root.
The causal organism of anthracnose disease on cotton in Ninhthuan, Vietnam is Colletotrichum gossypii Southworth; Only the anamorph, commonly referred to as Glomerella gossypii and Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W. D. Moore (teleomorphic Glomerella truncata C.L.Armstr. &Banniza). The isolates were cultivated in PDA medium.
The pathogens growth at temperatures from 10°C to 35°C, but has an optimum of 25-30''C. Spore germination, infection and aseospore production and discharge all require relative humidities near 100%.
The fungi were growth in WA, PCA and PDA pH 5-8, but has an optimum in PDA medium.
Keywords: Cotton Anthracnose, Colletotrichum gossypii, Glomerela gossypii, seedling blight, pink boll rot, colletotrichum tmncatum.
Dat van de
Bdnh thdn thu Id mOt trong nhdng bdnh hai pho bien trdn cay bdng. BOnh xudt hiOn vd gdy hai ndng trong diiu kiOn i m dd cao, mua nhieu, nhdt la trong dieu kidn vy mua. BOnh gdy hai trdn tat ca cdc bd phdn eua cdy bdng (Id, qua, thdn canh) trong suit thdi ky sinh trudng eua cdy bdng. BOnh xuat hiOn ngay tu thdi ky hat mdi nhu mam lam m i m chit thoi trong dat, gdy gidm mdt dd. BOnh xuit hiOn trdn qud ldm qud thii, mdi khdng nd, xa bdng cd mdu vang xdm dinh bet lai vdi nhau, anh hudng d i n ndng suit vd chat lupng xa bdng. Nghidn cdu xde djnh chlnh xac tac nhan gdy bdnh vd mOt s i dOe diim sinh hpc eua chdng Id rat c i n thiit vd ed y nghTa trong nghidn cuu cdc biOn phdp phdng trd bdnh nhdm dua lai hidu qua kinh te cao.
1. ViOn Nghien cuu Bdng va PTNN Nha Ho 2. Trudng OHNN Ha Npi
V|it tiOu, n p i d u n g va Phu'O'ng phap nghien ciPU
LVOtliOu nghiOn c u u
- Giing bdng VN01-2 vd VN36P 2. NOi dung nghlOn c u u - Gidm djnh ndm gdy bOnh
- Anh hudng cua mdi trudng nudi cdy din sy sinh tm-dng phdt triin cua nim gdy bOnh thdn thu bdng
- Anh hudng cua nhiOt dO d i n sy nay mim va hinh thdnh gidc bdm eua bdo tu, sy sinh trudng phdt triin cua n i m gdy bOnh thdn thu bdng.
- Anh hudng cua pH mdi trudng din sy sinh truong phdt triin eua nam gdy bdnh thdn thu hai bdng
3. Phuang phdp nghien c u u
a) Gidm <^nh nim gdy bOnh, tiin hdnh gidm djnh theo phuang phdp eua Robert Koch (din theo Fulton et al., 1956), gim 4 bude: quan sdt va md ta, phdn ldp, Idy bOnh nhdn tao, phdn ldp lai vd kiim ehung bdnh.
Kit qua nghien cuu Khoa hpc B V T V- S o 5/2011
Quan sat tryc tiep trdn cdc bd phdn cua cdy bdng va trdn kinh hien vi
+ Md ta tridu chung bdnh: quan sdt, md ta vd chup hinh minh hpa tridu chung bOnh d tdng bO phdn cua cdy bdng (Id, qua,..)
+ Md ta tdc nhdn gdy bdnh: ldm tidu ban vd quan sat trdn kinh hien vi
- Phan ldp va nudi ciy trdn mdi trudng nhdn tao + Phan ldp ede mdu bdnh d tren cdc bd phdn cua cdy bdng (Id, qua). Phdn ldp ridng trdn cdc giong thu thdp d cdc vung tring bdng Ninh Thudn
Phuang phdp phdn ldp nhu sau: Miu bdnh dupe cdt ra thdnh tdng miing nhd 4-5mm, rua bdng HgCb 0,1% trong khoang 1-2 phdt, sau dd rda lai 3 lan bdng nude cdt vd trung, r i i ciy Idn mdi trudng PDA. Nam dup'c tdeh rdng vd nhan nudi trdn mdi trudng PDA
Phuang phdpjdy nhidm
+ Giong bdng Idy nhidm bdnh: VN01-2
+ Nguon nam dupe nhdn nudi trdn mdi trudng PDA td 18-20 ngdy d i nam mpc vd hinh thanh bao tu day dia Petri
+ Nhidm bdnh bdng phuang phdp phun djch spi ndm va bdo tu len cay. Hdng ngay, phun nude tao dd am tu 90-100%.
+ Cdng thde doi chdng (phun nude la)
b) Nghidn cuu dnh hudng cua mdt so yeu to mdi trudng nudi cay den su sinh trudng vd phat trien cua nam gdy benh than thu hai bdng.
Mdi trudng nudi cay: Su dyng ede nguon nam than thu thuan k h i i t Cay ndm vao giua hdp petri trdn ede mdi trudng WA, PDA, PCA
Ngudng nhidt dd: Cdy nam vao giua hdp petri trdn mdi trudng PDA. Sau khi cay, cdc hpp petri duae ddt trong tu sinh trudng d cdc mde nhidt dp 15°C, 20°C. 25°C. 30°C vd 35°C.
Quan sat s y nay mam vd hinh thdnh giae bam eua bao t u nam bdng phuang phdp gipt treo.
- Dd pH cua mdi trudng nudi ciy: Dung dung djch NaOH hode axit HCI de dieu chinh pH cua mdi trudng PDA cd ede ngudng pH 4; 5; 6; 7; 8.
Cay ndm vao gida hdp petri trdn mdi trudng PDA d cdc ngudng pH nghidn edu.
Nguon ndm: Colletotrichum gossypii, Colletotrichum truncatum duae lam thuin vd nudi trdn mdi trudng PDA
K i t qua va thao luan
I.Trieu chung benh than thu trOn cay bdng
Tren Id: bOnh gdy hai trdn t i t ca cdc Id eua cay bdng. V i t bdnh trdn la xuit hidn diu tien Id nhdng chim r i t nhd ed dang gipt dau mdu vdng, ve sau phdt trien thdnh nhdng d i m Idn cd mau nau sdm r i i ehuyin sang mdu den. Cdc v i t bOnh cd t h i lien k i t lai lan phu khdp phiin Id hode dpe gdn Id lam Id cong xuing vd co ddm lai. Ranh gidi giua md bdnh vd md khde cd dudng viin mdu ndu ddm rat rd.
Trdn qua: bdnh tan cdng sdm vdo giai doan sinh trudng manh thi tao ndn nhdng dim nhd mdu ndu hode ndu den, sdi Idn nhu myn ede. Vet bdnh khdng lan rdng tren b i mdt qua ma tin cdng dn sdu vdo trong qua gdy hai cho xa bdng. Ngodi ra, n i m cdn gdy bdnh trdn thdn cdnh vd cuing Id tao thdnh nhdng v i t lodt mdu den, hai ddi ndm dpe thdn, cdnh vd bao phu mpt phin hode toan bd chu vi eua thdn, cdnh.
2. Kit qud phan lOp va gidm djnh
Qua qua trinh phdn ldp, lam thuan vd phan lap lai theo quy trinh Koch, chdng tdi thu dupe 2 isolate nam deu gdy bdnh thdn thu tren cdy bdng.
* Isolate 1
Trdn mdi trudng PDA tan nam cd mdu trdng xdm den mdu xdm den, tan nam mjn. Spi nim ddm nhdnh da bdo, khdng mau.
Canh bdo tu phdn sinh hinh try ngdn; bao td phan sinh hinh try, 2 dau trdn, khdng mdu, ed gipt ddu d giua, kleh thudc chiiu dai la 17,6 ± 2,6 pm vd chiiu rdng la 5,3 ± 1,2 pm. Bao tu hinh thanh sau cay 3 ngay va hinh thdnh vdi so lupng Idn. DTa canh mpc qua biiu bi eua ky chu.
Trdn dia cdnh ed Idng gai cdng mdu ndu ddm, hinh try moc thing, phan g i c phong nhe va thudn dan ve phia dinh. Gidc bdm hinh d van hoOe hinh qua dam mau nau.
* Isolate 2
Trdn mdi trudng PDA, tan nam cd mau xdm d i n mdu xdm sdm, d giua tan n i m hcyi phong Idn vd xpp d i n ve phia mdp. Spi nam ddm nhdnh, da bdo khdng mdu. DTa canh hinh thanh vdi so' lupng Idn trdn mdi trudng x i p theo vdng trdn dong tdm tao thdnh nhdng khoang mau nau den rat rd. Quan sat dudi kinh hien vi, chdng tdi thay dTa canh hinh eiu, mdu ndu den. Trdn dTa cdnh cd nhiiu Idng gai cdng mdu ndu^ddm^, hinh try, mpc thing cd 1- 3 vach ngdn, phin g i c hai phing va then dan ve phia dinh. Bao tu phdn sinh hinh ludi liem, khdng mau, ed mOt gipt dau
23
K i t qua nghidn cuu Khoa hpc BVTV 865/2011
d giua kleh thudc chiiu ddi Id 24,6± 4,1 pm vd chieu rpng Id 2,4 ± 0,9 pm. Gidc bdm hinh d van hode hinh qua d i m mdu ndu.
Ket qui liy nhiem b^nh nhin t^o
Sau khi ldy nhidm nhdn tao bdng nguin n i m phan ldp vd nudi eiy trong phdng thi nghidm, tit ca cdc cdy bdng tring trong ling ludi dupe nhidm bdnh nhdn tao vdi 2 tdc nhdn gdy bOnh khdc nhau deu xuit hiOn bOnh vdi ty 10 bOnh
100%. TriOu chdng bOnh d i u giing triOu chdng bOnh trong ty nhidn.
Tai phan l$p vi kiem chCeng b^nh
Mdu cdy bdng bj bdnh do Idy nhiim nhdn tao dupe chdng tdi phdn ldp lai trdn mdi trudng PDA Kit qua Id nim dupe tdi phdn ldp ndy cd ddc diim hodn todn giing vdi nim gdy bdnh ngodi ty nhidn
Ket qua djnh danh
Tu ket qua thu dupe bdng quan sdt triOu Chung bdnh tren cdy, ket qua phdn ldp, Idy bOnh nhan tao, kit hpp so sdnh d i i chiiu vdi ede tai lidu Hillocks (1992), Vu TriOu Mdn, Ld Luang Te (1998) cung nhu kiim chdng k i t qua nghien cdu tai bp mdn bdnh cdy trudng DHNN Hd NOi, chung tdi kit ludn bdnh thdn thu hai bdng tai Ninh Thudn la do chinh 2 loai ndm gdy ra. Isolate ndm gay bdnh thdn thu thd 1 Id nim Colletotrichum gossypii va isolate n i m thd 2 la Colletotrichum truncatum
Theo k i t qua djnh danh ndm 2010 eua TS.
Trdn Nguydn Hd (Trudng DHNN Ha Ndi) thi tdc nhan gay bdnh thdn thu trdn cdy bdng do n i m Colletotrichum gossypii Southworth; (sinh sdn hdu tinh la Glomerella gossypii) vi ndm Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus &
W. D. Moore (sinh san huu tinh \i • Glomerella truncata C.L.Armstr. &Banniza^ thudc nhdm nim bat toan (Deuteromycetes)
3. Anh hudng cua mdi t r u d n g nudi c i y khde nhau dOn s u sinh t r u d n g phdt t r i i n cua sp'i ndm gay bOnh thdn t h u bdng
Kit qua nghidn edu cho thiy, n i m gdy bOnh thdn thu cd the phdt triin trdn ed 3 mdi trudng WA, PDA, PCA. Trong dd, PDA Id mdi trudng md ca 02 .lodi nam C. gossypii, C. truncatum d i u phdt trien tot n h i t Dudng kinh tdn ndm sau cdy 2 ngdy Id 26,6 ± 0,8 mm, dat 90 mm ehi sau 8 ngdy d i i vdi nam C. Gossypii. Tuang ty, n i m C. truncatum ed dudng kinh tan nim dgt 15,7 ± 1,8 mm sau 2 ngdy, dat 81,0 ± 7,9 sau 8 ngdy. Cd 2 lodi n i m deu phat trien kdm trdn mdi trudng W A.
Dudng kfnh tdn n i m (mm)
y ngAy sau f ^ y i b ng^y sau ciiy 2 ng.ly aau c i y h rngay sau c i y C flOM/pil C iRncatum
D6 thj 1. Anh hu'dng cua cac moi tru'ang dinh duang den SM' sinh tryang phat trien ciia sai nam than thy hai
bong (Ninh Thuan, vu mya 2010)
3.1. Anh hw&ng cua nhiet do den sir sinh trw&ng phat then cua nam gay benh than thw hai bdng
Ou'dng kinh tan nam (mm)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
10 r
iatJ
2r»gaysaucAv 6 i > g a y s a u c i y 2 n g a y s a u c 4 / 6 n g a y s a u cAy\ C gossypii C InrtcatL^n [
Dd thj 2. Anh hudng eua nhiOt dO den sy sinh trudng phdt triin cua spi nim gdy bOnh thdn thu hgi bdng
(Ninh Thudn. vy mua 2010)
Cy mde nhiOt dd 10°C, spi n i m gdy bdnh thdn thu hiu nhu khdng phdt triin eOng nhu khdng hinh thdnh bdo tu, tuy nhidn chung v i n cd khd ndng duy tri sy t i n tai. Khodng nhiOt dO td 25 - 30°C thich hpp nhdt cho ndm phdt triin, t i c dO nim phdt triin nhanh, khd ndng hinh thdnh bdo tu eOng sdm (ehi sau cdy 3-4 ngdy). K i t qud nghidn cdu cQng cho thdy, ndm C.gossypii vd C.truncatum ed pham vi nhiOt dO sinh trudng khd ring tu 10°C - 35°C, dieu dd chdng td khd ndng gdy hai p h i biin cua nim ndy trong diiu kiOn khi hdu cua nude ta.
3.2. Anh hir&ng cua nhi^t dg din kha nang niy mam vi hinh thinh giic bim cua bao tu' nim giy b^nh thin thw bdng
Khd ndng ndy mdm vd hinh thdnh gidc bdm eua bdo tu ndm Id ddc tinh quan trpng trong qud trinh xdm nhiim vd gdy hai cua bdnh tren cdy ky chu.
Nim gdy bOnh thdn thu bdng C.gossypii va C.truncatum cd khd ndng nay m i m vd hinh thdnh
Ket qua nghien cuu Khoa hpc
B V T V - S o 5/2011gidc bam trong khoang nhidt dd tu 10 - 35°C.
Kha ndng hinh thanh giae bam vd nay m i m eua bao tu n i m thudn Ipi nhit d khoang nhidt dd 20°C 30°C, d ngudng nhidt dd 10°C va 35°C bao tu nam hinh thdnh gidc bdm vdi ty Id r i t thip (0,4 - 5,3% sau 48 gid).
-. .•
" - 1 ^ ^ ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
P
B p H = 4
• pH = 5 D p H = 6 D p H = 7
• pH = 8
"n-BTNdymAm i TVHTQAct>*m C gossypti
TLBTNAymftm , TLHTGIdcbAm C trux^atum
D6 thj 3. Anh hudng cua nhiOt dp den kha ndng nay mam va hinh thdnh gidc bdm cua bdo tu nam gay bOnh than thu hgi bdng (Ninh Thudn, vy mua 2010)
3.3. Anh hifong cua pH mdi trw&ng nuoi cay den sw sinh trwdng phat then cua nam gay benh than thw hai bong
Doi vdi hau h i t ede djch hai cdy trong, dd pH mdi trudng ed dnh hudng khdng nhd den sy lay nhidm eua tdc nhdn gdy bdnh. K i t qua nudi cay nim gay bdnh thdn thu trdn mdi tn^dng PDA, nhidt dd 25°C, d ede mde pH khde nhau cho thay,
nam gay bpnh thdn thu hai bdng sinh trudng thich hpp trdn mdi trudng chua nhe (pH 5) den hai kiim (pH 8), thich hp'p nhat la pH tu 6-7
Dudng kinh tan nam (mm)
DO thj 4. Anh hudng cua pH mdi tudng nuoi ciy den sy sinh trudng cua spi nam gay bOnh than thu bdng
(Ninh Thugn, vy mua 2010)
Kit luOn
Tdc nhdn gdy bdnh thdn thu trdn cdy bdng do 2 lodi n i m Colletotrichum gossypii Southworth vd Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus &
W. D. Moore gdy ra, thudc nhdm nam bat toan (Deuteromycetes)
Mdi trudng PDA Id mdi trudng nhdn tao thich hpp nhat cho sy sinh trudng eua spi nim cung nhu su hinh thanh bdo tu eua 2 loai nam Colletotrichum gossypii va Colletotrichum truncatum gay bdnh thdn thu hai bdng
Khoang nhidt dp thich hpp nhat cho ndm gay bdnh than thu tren cay bdng (Colletotrichum gossypii va Colletotrichum truncatum) sinh trudng phdt triin, bao td nay mam va hinh thanh giae bam tu 25 - 30°C
Hai loai ndm gdy bdnh than thu hai bdng deu sinh trudng thich hpp trdn mdi trudng tu chua nhe (pH 5) den hai kiim (pH 8), thich hpp nhat la pH tu 6-7
Tridu chung bdnh trdn Id, qud bdng Tai lieu tham khao
1. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, Glomerella gossypii.
Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests: EPPO
quarantine pest, www.eppo.orQ/auarantine/funqi/Glomerella qoss
1 :ef" .-c':- xrK Tan nim isolate 1 ~ Tan nim isolate 2 vDii/GLOMGO ds.pdf.
2. G.M. Watkins, 1981. Compendium of cotton diseases.
3. Hodng Thj My 10, 2010. Nghien cdu mOt so ddc diem sinh lipe, sinh thdi cua n i m gdy bOnh thdn thu trdn mOt so giong bdng mdi ed trien vpng, Bao do tdng kit khoa hQC Vidn Nghien
25
Ket qua nghien cuu Khoa hpc BVTV 865/2011
cdu bdng va PTNN Nha Hd. trinh bdnh ciy ndng nghidp. Nxb Ndng nghiOp Hd 4. R.J.. Hillockis, 1992. Cotton diseases. 4-13, ndi 1998
229 - 256
5. Vu Tridu Mdn, Ld Luang T i , 1998. Giio Phdn biOn: TS. Dinh Vdn Due
Mot so dan lieu ve dac diem sinh hoc, sinh thai cua sau due than ngd Ostrinia furnacaiis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Lai Tiin DQng\ Luu Thj Hing Hanh^
Abstract
Some findings on blo-ecologlcal characteristics of Asia corn borer, Ostrinia furnacaiis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
The Asia com borer, Ostrinia furnacaiis (Guenee) is the seriously pests of corn not only in Viet Nam, but also in Asia. Up to now, the studies on biology and ecology of this pest were still very scarce. This paper presents some findings on its bio - ecologicla characteristics.
The study have been carried out at Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) in 2011. The biology of the Asia corn borer was studied in the lab at 24.92°C, 70,56% RH and 29.54°C, 74.73 % RH using com eultivar M4 as food.
Obtained results showed that the duration of the egg, laval stage and pupal stages, pre-oviposition time lasted about 3.33-3.57, 13.96-17.56, 7.26-7.5 and 2.2-2.86 days, respectively. The Asia com borer completed its life cycle in from 26.75 day at 29.54°C, 74.73 % RH to 31.49 days at 24.92°C, 70,56% RH.
The longevity of the male and female were 2.65-4.53 and 3.71-5.47 days, respectively. The average number of eggs laid per female was 289.14-452.6.
Keywords: Asia com borers, Ostrinia fumacalis (Guenee), bio-ecological characteristics
Dat van de
Trong vdi ndm trd lai ddy nhiiu tiin bd ky thudt ve thdm canh cdy ngd dupe dp dyng ring rai d nude ta (trong giing ngd lai, tdng mdt dO, phat trien vy ngd ddng,...). Trong diiu kidn nhu vdy, mpt so sdu hai phdt sinh gdy t i n thit nhiiu ty dong d cdc tinh tring ngd tdp trung trong cd nude (nhu sdu gai hai ngd, mpt hat ngd, sdu dye thdn, sdu dye bdp,...). Trong khi dd, viOc nghiOn cdu ve sdu hai ngd khdng dupe quan tdm.
Cdc nghien cdu v i sdu hai ngd d ViOt nam dd dwcfc tien hanh tu Idu vd k i t qud nghidn edu chu yeu tdp trung v i thdnh phin sdu hai, ddc diim phat sinh gay hai, thdnh phin ky sinh thidn djch (Nguydn Quy Hung vd nnk, 1978; Nguyin Dire Khidm, 1995; Pham Vdn L i m , 2002; ViOn Bdo vO 1. Vidn Bao v$ thuc v$t;
2. Cue Bao v$ thuc vdt
thye vdt 1976, 1979). vd mdt s i ddn lidu v i ddc diim hinh thdi, sinh vdt hpc cua sdu dye thdn ngd chdu A (0$ng Thj Dung. 2003). Tuy nhidn, k i t qud nghiOn cdu dd ed edn khd tdn man. Cho d i n nay chua cd mOt nghidn edu ehuydn sdu ndo v i sdu dye thdn ngd chdu A (Ostrinia furnacaiis Gueneej hai trdn ngd lai. Bdi viit cung c i p mOt s i d i n liOu v i ddc diim sinh hpe, sinh thdi eua sdu dye thdn ngd.
Phu'O'ng phap nghien CLPU
Thi nghiOm dudC tiin hdnh tai ViOn Bao vO thye vdt trong ndm 2011. Sdu dye thdn ngO Ostrinia fumacalis Guenee 6ufac nudi d hai chi dO dn dm dO i n djnh Id 24,92°C vdi 70,56% vd 29,54 "C vdi 74,73% de theo ddi ddc diim sinh hpc. Thuc dn d i nudi sdu non eua sdu dye thdn ngd Id giing n i p lai M4.
Thu nhOng sdu dye thdn ngd tu ruing ngd v i
