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TRONG RU>IG KINH TE BANG GIONG M d i d LAM T R U I N G KRONG BONG - DAK LAK
Nguyen Van Xuan
Phd Gidm doc Sd NN & PTNT Dak Lak
T
hyc hien chuang trinh Du an 327 va chuang trinh trdng mdi 5 trieu ha rffng cffa Chinh phff, trong cac nam 1998- 2001 Lam trudng Krdng Bdng (Lam trudng) da trdng mdi theo ke hoach tren 500ha rffng vdi cac loai cay bach dan, keo tai tugng, keo la tram, mudng den, dieu gieo uam tff hat.Cudi nam 2001, thuc hien phuang an ddi mdi co che quan ly va td chffc san xuat kinh doanh theo Quyei djnh sd
187/1999/QD-TTg cffa Thff tudng Chinh phu. Lam trudng cung nhu cac lam trutrng qudc doanh khac deu chuyen sang thyc hien ca che tu can ddi thu chi tai chinh va tbuc hien nhiem vu quan ly bao ve, phat trien vdn rffng. Dieu nay ddi hdi cac dan vj phai thuc su nd luc vuan len. md rdng san xuat kinh doanh mdi cd the dffng vffng va phal trien trong ca che thj irudng. Vdi co che md va long quyet lam xay dung doanh nghiep vffng manh. van dung the manh la quy dat trdng lam phan Lam trudng quan ly (2.148,Iha dat tr6ng/31.277ha ddt lam nghiep). Lam trucmg da manh dan chgn Irdng rffng kinh te la khau dot pha, vugt qua cac khd khan ve vdn, thdng tin thj Irudng ngheo nan, ngay trong nam 2002 Lam trudng da trdng dugc 287ha rimg kinh ik gcW: 25Iha Bach dan Uc, 05ha Bach dan Cdng Gd, 31 ha Keo lai giam hom tren ca sd lien doanh. lien ket vdi cac dem vj
So 2 2006
trong va ngoai tinb. tinh den cudi nam 2005 tdng dien tich rffng kinh te ciia dtrn vj la gan l.OOOha. Song song vdi viec mo rc)ng dien tich. van de cay gidng trdng rirng cung dugc Lam trudng dac biet chu trgng. liii ca cac dien tich rffng trdng kinh te cua dem vj deu sff dung gidng mdi la bach dim nudi cay md, keo lai giam hom. Ngoai cac loai cay truyen thdng. Lam trudng cdn dua vao trdng thff nghiem mgt sd gidng mdi nhu lai Mehyco, Neem An Do va xoan la bucic dau thu dugc ket qua kha quan.
VcVi tinh loan thyc te iff vice khai thac dien tich rffng irdng Keo lai lugng bdn giao vcVi Bach dim trang (iheo li le 1 Keo - 5 Bach dan) cua dem vi tbi sau 7-10 nam trdng quang canh san lugng binh quan dai dugc la SlmVha trong dd chinh pham la 40m Vha vit tan dung la 11 m Vha.
Nam 2003. dan vj lien hanh do dem tren mdt sd dien tich rffng trdng, ihu dugc ket qua nhu sau:
- Loai cay keo la tram 2 nam ludi trdng bang hat. ban tham canh:
+ Dudng kinh gdc binh quan: Do = 2,5cm
+ Chieu cao binh quan: H = 3.5m
- Loai cay bach dan Oc 1 nam ludi trdng bang cay cay md, tham canh:
+ Dudng kinh gdc binh quan: Do = 5cm + Chieu cao binh quan: Tl = 5.5m
^
- Loai cay keo lai giam hom 10 thang tudi trdng bang cay giam hom. tham canh:
+ Dudng kinh gdc binh quan: Do = 4,0cm
+ Chieu cao binh quan: H = 3,8m
Nam 2005, tiep tue do dem va ket qua nhu sau:
- Loai cay bach dan Oc 3 nam tudi trdng bang cay giam hom, tham canh:
Thdm cdnh rdng trong d Krong Bong.
+ Dudng kinh gdc binh quan: Do = 10cm
+ Chieu cao binh quan: H = 12m + San lugng binh quan: 65m^/ha
- Loai cay keo lai giam hom 3 nam tudi trdng bang cay giam hom, tham canh:
+ Dudng kinh gdc binh quan: Do = 09cm
+ Chieu cao binh quan: H = 9,3m + San lugng binh quan: 46m^/ha
Tff nhung ket qua tren, cd the rut ra mdt sd nhan xet, danh gia nhu sau:
* Uu diem:
- Trdng rffng quang canh bang phuang phap tao gidng thuc sinh de lam, chi phi Ihap. mdt chu ky kinh doanh tff trdng den
khi khai thac chu ky 1 het 5 den 7 trieu ddng/ha. Cac loai cay dua vao trdng deu la cac loai cay truyen thdng. da quen vdi dieu kien tu nhien d Krdng Bdng cung nhu a Dak Lak va cd thi trudng dn djnh.
- Rimg trdng bang gidng mdi (nudi cay md hoac giam hom). tham canh cay sinh trudng nhanh, nang suat cao. kha nang chdng han tdt, it sau benh, sinh truang deu.
chu ky kinh doanh dugc riil ngan dan den hieu qua kinh te dem lai tren cung 1 dien tich cao hon rat nhieu so vdi trdng quang canh bang gidng cu.
* Nhugc diem:
- Trdng rung quang canh bang phuang phap tao gidng thuc sinh kha nang thanh rffng khdng cao, do kinh phi dau tu thap khdng dap img dugc yeu cau quy trinh ky thual va do hat gidng khdng thuan chffng bj lai tap nen sinh Irudng cua rffng trdng khdng ddng deu, nang suat thap chi phu hgp vdi cdng tac trdng rung phdng hd theo suat dau tu ke hoach.
- Rimg trdng tham canh bang gidng mdi chi phi cao 14-17 trieu ddng/ha/1 chu ky kinh doanh nhung gia gd lai thap ban do ken thj trudng va bj ep gia do chung loai gd chua phd bien, thudng phai ky hgp ddng bao tieu san pham.
Danh gia chung: Rung trdng tham canh bang gidng mdi (nudi cay md hoac giam hom) la xu the tat yeu trong kinh doanh vi chu ky kinh doanh dugc rut ngan. cay trdng sinh trudng nhanh, nang suat cao ban tff 2- 3 lan so vdi trdng rung quitng canh bang phuang phap tao gidng thuc sinh. dan den lgi nhuan thu dugc tren cung mdt dien tich cao ban.
Anh : VX
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Sa KH&CN ILUJ,Thong Iin KH&CN J M U J I • So 2 2006