NGHIEN CCaj - TRAO DOI
Odi Mdi CHE DO TIEN LUGING
DOI VCfl CONG CHtjTC H A N H CHINH
PHAM THI THU THUY
T
rong hd thd'ng quan Iy, kd't qua hoat ddng va ddng lyc eua td chffc cung nhu ciia timg ea nhan trong he thdng phu thudc rit ldn vao chi'nh saeh tidn luong va thu rihap. Chfnh sach tidn luong ddi vdi cdng chffc hanh chinh la mgt trong nhiing ndi dung eo ban va dac bidt quan trgng trong qua trinh cai each harih chfnh b nudc ta. Cai each tien luong dang dugc dat thanh mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu trgng tam eiia Dd an eai each tidn lirong giai doan 2012 - 2020. Day cung la mdt trong nhung ndi dung quan trgng dugc Hdi nghj Trung uong 5 khoa XI ban dd'n.1. Thyc trang cai cich tidn luong thdi gian qua
Che do tidn luong d nudc ta tff nam 1985 dd'n nay da qua ba Iin cai each (nam 1985, nam 1993 va nam 2004).
Nam 1985: Chinh phu ban hanh mdt he thdng thang bang luong chung cho khu vyc nha nudc bao gdm ca luong cdng chffc nha nudc, vidn chffc cac don vi sy nghiep va khu vyc sin xuit, kinh doanh.
Nam 1993: Chfnh phii ban hanh hai he thd'ng thang bang luong ridng cho hai khu vyc hanh chfnh - sy nghidp va khu vye san xuit, kinh doanh.
Nam 2004: Chinh phu ban hanh cae thang bang luong tach bach cho cdng chffc, vidn chffc, lyc lugng vu trang va khu vyc san xuit. kinh doanh.
He thd'ng chfnh sach tidn luong ciia Nha nude eung dugc ddi mdi qua cac thdi ky cho phil hgp vdi su phat trien cua ndn kinh td va nhung bien ddi ciia gia ca thj trudng. Quan
hd tidn luong tdi thieu luong trung binh - luong tdi da duge md rdng thdng qua hd sd luong tang din, gdp phin phan Ioai va nang cao eha't lugng edng chffc hanh ehfnh. Che dd phu cip dugc md rdng va tang Idn dd bii dip them nhung chi phi cin thiet hoac khuydn khfch cdng chffc hanh chfnh Iam vide 6 nhiing khu vyc khd khin, vung xa xdi heo Ianh, trong mdi trudng dde hai, nghe nghidp dac thu, dam nhidm euong vj Ianh dao. Co che thudng, phat ro rang thdng qua vide nang luong sdm trudc thdi han khi cdng chffc co thanh tfch xuit sic hoae keo dai thdm thdi han khi bj ky luat. Nhiing quy dinh do ciia chfnh sich da gdp phin thyc hidn nguydn tic tra luong gin vdi kd't qua thyc hidn nhidm vu cua cdng chffc.
Cho den nay, sau 10 nam tridn khai
"Chuong trinh tdng thd cai each hanh chfnh Nha nudc giai doan 2001 - 2010" vide thuc hidn eac muc tidu dd ra vd cai each tidn luong cdn d mffc do thip. Cai cich tien luong vin chua dap ffng ydu eiu. Cd y kien cho ring tidn luong cdng chffc nhu hidn tai la eao ndu so vdi nang suit lao ddng; cd y kien lai cho ring "eho an the thi Iam the", cd nghia la luong cung tuong quan vdi cung each lam vide eua cdng ehffe. Nhidu y kien cho ring luong cdng chffc qua "thip" so vdi nhu ciu ehi tidu cho tai sin xuit sffe lao ddng, ciing la thip neu so vdi mffc luong cua nhiing ngudi ciing trinh do nhung Iam vide b khu vye kinh td tu nhin hoac khu vyc cd v6n nudc ngoai. Hidn tugng "chay mau chit xam" tff khu vye nha nudQ da xay ra.
Phdng Ndi vi,i - UBND TP. Thai Nguy§n
22 TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - S6 199 (8-2012)
N G H | £ N CCrU - TRAO DOI
Nha nude khdng thu hut dugc ngudi tai bdi nhidu nguydn nhan: do mdi trudng Iam vide; do su dung, bd tri khdng diing ngudi, dling vide, khdng ed du didu kidn dd cdng chffc thang tien bing nang Iyc thye sy eua hg... Nhung mdt nguydn nhan cd thd xem la CO ban, dd la luong qua thip. Bd may nha nudc khdng thu hut hoac khdng phat huy dugc ngudi tai, vi thd dang lam cho chit lugng hoat ddng ciia bd may hanh ehfnh khdng cao, tic ddng den hidu Iyc, hidu qua quan ly ciia bd may. Ydu kem eiia bd may da trd thanh mdt trong ba vin dd nan giai (la nhin Iyc kd't ciu ha ting bd may hanh chfnh) anh hudng den sy phat tridn bdn viing ciia ndn kinh td. Nhu thd, cai tidn chd do tidn luong trd thanh mdt nhidm vu cip bach.
2. Tiep tue ddi mdi chinh sach tien luong
Tff sy phin tfch nhung han chd cua chfnh sach tidn luong, chung tdi nhin thiy cin tid'p tue cai each chfnh sach tidn luong theo hudng:
- Ve den luang tdi thieu:
Thyc t^ cho tha'y, mac du da dugc didu chinh nhidu lin (tff 2()00 ddn 2012 didu chinh 10 lin), song mffc luong tdi thidu vin con qua thip, khdng dii de tai san xuit sffe lao ddng cua ban thin cdng ehffe, chua ndi dd'n phai nudi thdm mdt ngudi nffa. Nhung cung ed y kidn eho ring nang mffc luong td'i thidu ldn thi ngan sach nha nude khdng ehju ndi. Vay cin phai giai quyd't mdi quan he nay thd nao?
Theo Iy thuydt, nhin Iyc ed trinh dd la ydu td quydt dinh thanh cdng trong cdng cudc phat U-idn dit nudc va hdi nhip qudc td, eaiih tranh toan ciu hidn nay. Ddi ngu cdng chffc cd vi u-i dac bidt quan trgng trong vide hoach dinh thd chd, ehfnh sacli, ddng thdi thyc thi cdng vu, dua cac chii truong ehfnh sach vao cudc sdng, thuc diy kinh td - xa hdi phat tri^n. Chfnh vi viy, cin cd mdt ehidn luge loan didn, ddng bd, dung din vd nhan lyc cua bd may hanh chi'nh.
Trdn thye te, he thd'ng ehfnh sach tidn luong hidn hanh cua Nha nudc vin edn nhidu bat cap. Ca ban nhit la chua dat vin dd phai
TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A N U ( 5 C - S6 199 (8-2012)
tra luong diing, du eho ngudi lao ddng (theo quan diem tidn luong la gia ca sffe lao dgng), la diu tu cho phat tridn, ma sy diu tu nay, quan trgng hon rit nhidu so vdi dau tu vao cac Ilnh vyc khae. Khi thj trudng lao dgng phat tridn, ngudi lao ddng cd quyen ty do tim vide Iam d noi phii hgp, 6 noi tra mffc luong cao hon phu hgp vdi nhu ciu eua minh ma khdng bi rang bude bdi nguyen nhan nao khae, va khi dd ddi hoi Nha nudc phai cd chfnh sach hai hoa thi mdi thu hut duge ngudi tai. Trong kinh te thj trudng phat trien, tidn luong cdn cd vai trd nhu mdt cdng cu cd hieu Iyc dd thue diy sy eanh tranh trong Ilnh vuc nhin Iyc, thuc day mgi ngudi vuon len dd cd thu nhap cao. Sy eanh tranh vd thu hut nhan tai cang dugc md rdng khi khu vyc kinh tdtu nhan cang phat trien nhit la khu vyc vdn FDI cd sffe hip din.
Dd dam bao sy hai hoa trong che do tidn luong, dd'i vdi nhung ngudi cd trinh do ehuydn mdn eao vd kinh td, quan Iy, khoa hge ky thuat, van hda nghd thuat, vide tra luong xung ilang ddi vdi hg la rit ein thiet dd phat huy tai nang eiia hg vao cdng cudc phat trien. Qifnh nhung ehfnh saeh tidn luong va thu nhap thidu tfnh canh tranh dd'i vdi cdng chffc hanh chfnh da la nguydn nhan chu yeu din ddn tinh trang cdng chffc hanh chi'nh cd trinh do da bd vide khu vye nha nude sang lam vide 6 eac khu vyc khac ngoai nha nudc, lam giam chit lugng va hidu qua quan ly ciia bd may nha nudc.
Tff phan tfch trdn cho thay cin phai giai quyet mdi quan he hai hda vd tidn luong, thu nhip cua cdng chffc. Mudn viy, phai dat dung vi tri eua tidn luong edng chffc trong hid thdng chinh sach thu hut va sff dung nhan tai 6 nudc ta hidn nay. Tidn luong phai la dgng lyc ehu ydu de cdng chffc gin bd vdi co quan nha nudc, tin tuy vdi cdng vu, cd didu kidn thang tid'n dya vao tai nang, trf tue ciia chfnh minh. Tidn luong ciia edng chffc phai dap ffng hai ydu ciu: bao dam tra dung, tra dii gia tri sffe lao dgng ma hg bd ra, nhit la nhung cdng ehffe ed vj trf quan trgng trong \idc hoaeh djnh chfnh saeh phat trien di't nude;
tien luong tra eho cdng chffc hanh ehfnh phai dat trong mdi tuong quan vdi tidn lucmg va 23
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO OOl
thu nhap cua nhiing ngudi cd trinh dd tuong duong trong cae doanh nghiep san xui't, kinh doanhj don vi sy nghiep trdn thj trudng.
Vi he sdvd thang, bde luang:
Day la dieu kidn quan trgng dd quan ly bidn che, quan ly quy luong di theo djnh hudng eua eai each hanh chinh, han chd dugc sy tuy tidn trong vide tuyen dung, bd nhidm, ning luong, nang bac trudc day Tuy nhien dd dam bao dugc sy hai hoa, cin phai khic phuc eac tinh trang:
- Quy djnh qua nhieu bac khidn cho cdng chffc hdt ddi lam vide cung khdng thd di hdt bac.
Chdnh ldch giffa cie hd sd qua hep, khidn cho cdng chffc hanh ehinh khdng quan tam lim dd'n vide nang luong, thid'u tinh thin phin diu vuon ldn.
Sy tri trd ddi vdi dd'i tugng cdng ehffe khdng ed eo hgi thang tid'n.
Lam giam vai trd eua ngffdi lanh dao trong quan ly don vj.
- Ve he thdng phu cd'p luang:
Di dam bao sy hai hoa trong chfnh sach tidn luong, cin phai nghidn cim giai quyet nhiing bit hgp ly trong eac khoan phu eip nhu: phu cip cho giao vidn (tham nidn, dirng ldp); phu eip edng chffc lam vide d vung siu, viing xa, bidn gidi, hai dao, vung ddng bao din tdc ft ngudi... Nghidn cihi quy djnh ehd do phu eip thu hut sinh vidn td't nghidp vd lam vide d cae xa khd khan v.v.
- Ve dieu kien tdng luang:
Vide tang luong biy lau nay thudng xuit phat tff quan diem phai dya vao ning suit lao ddng va cho ring nang suit lao ddng eua nude ta hidn nay qua thip, ngan sach eo hep... vi thd khdng ed ngudn de tang. Song vide tang luong la khdng thd tri hoan vi tidn luong qua thip nhu hidn nay da giy ra tinh trang cdng chffc khdng tin tuy vdi cdng vide dugc giao, mgt sd lgi dung chffc quydn dd thu vd nhflng lgi ich khdng ehfnh dang, lam mit uy tfn eua co quan edng quydn, lam giam long tin eiia nhan dan. Vi vay, dd tang luong eho cdng chffc, cin:
-I- Sip xdp, CO ciu lai bd may va ddi ngu
edng chiic, dam bao tinh ggn.
Trudc hdt, cin tach sd ngudi lam vide trong khu vye sy nghidp va nhffng ngudi edng tac trong cac td chffc doan thd ehfnh tri - xa hgi ra ngoai nhdm dd'i tugng cdng chffc.
Rd rang, vide dua nhdm "cae eo quan, doan the chfnh trj - xa hdi" vao khu vyc nha nudc va nhung ngudi cdng tie d cac td chffc nay la edng chffc la khdng hgp ly. Theo dd, vide sip xep bidn ehe va dd nhdm dd'i tugng nay hudng luong tff ngan sach nha nudc cung khdng hgp ly. Day la mdt trong nhflng nguydn nhan lam cho cae doan the bj "hanh chfnh hoa" Nhiing ngudi lao ddng trong hd thd'ng cac doan the phai sdng bing nguydt lidm, hdi phf, doan phf, bing ngudn thu tff xa hdi, bing vide nhan eae dy an cua Nha nudc, Ndu cin, ngan saeh nha nudc cd thd cip mdt khoan tai ehfnh ridng cho doan the chfnh trj
xa hdi thdng qua kd hoach chi tidu ngan sach dugc Qud'c hdi thdng qua hang nam.
+ Co ciu lai eae khoan chi trong ngan sach nha nude.
Cin coi chi eho tidn luong edng chffc la mdt khoan ehi bit budc, phai dam bao, khdng nen coi la mdt khoan ehi cd the tuy tidn cit xen, duge dd'n dau hay dd'n dd. Mat khac, hidn nay eac khoan chi diu tu phat trien thude ngan saeh nha nude qua cao, song lai kem hidu qua ndn cd thd eo ciu lai, cit giam mgt sd khoan trong dd dd bd trf cho vide tang luong cdng chffc; ddng thdi, co thd khoi ddng diu tu tff cac thanh phin kinh td khac dam bao diu tu phat trien d mffc cin thiet.
Vide tra luong dung cho ngudi lao dgng la thyc hidn diu tu, tao ddng lyc de kinh tdphat tridn, ning cao chat lugng djch vu cdng, gop phin Iam trong saeh ddi ngu edng chffc va nang cao hidu qua hoat ddng cua bd may nha nude. Nhu vay, ehd dd tien luong hgp ly khdng nhung tao ddng lyc cho phat tridn do kfch thfeh ngudi lao ddng toan tam, toan y vao cdng tie, vao san xuit ma nd edn phan anh ban chit eiia chd dd kinh te - xa hgi va trinh dd phat tridn kinh td cua dit nudcQ
24 TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdc - S6 199 (8-2012)