Tac hai cua thuoc la
doi vdi san phu va thai nhi
T
hudc la anhhudng nit Idn tdi sire khde con ngudi, nhat la doi vdi phy nii mang thai. Do dd, cdc bdc sT khuyen nghj nhiirng bd me mang thai khdng hiit hoac khdng hit khdi thuoc Id, vi nd anh hudng den chat lupng vd duy tri ndi gidng trudc, trong va sau khi sinh, thdm chi gay nguy hiem den tinh mang cho m? vd thai nhi.
Ddi vdi phu nii mang thai
Mdt sd nghidn ciiu gan day d My cho thay vifc nhiing phy nir mang thai hiit thudc vd hit phdi khdi thudc, thi cd khodng 11%
phy nii gap khd khdn dd cd con vd khoang 1/3 da tung say thai 1 hay nhidu ldn.
40% gap tryc trde trudc khi sinh.
Vd di sdm: Khi mang thai, phy nii hiit thudc Id hay xdy ra hifn tupng vo di sdm ban nhung ngudi khdng hiit thudc. Vd di sdm khidn vi khuin de xam nhap vdo cuong rdn ctia thai nhi gay nen tinh trang nhidm tning cd thd
r
dnh hudng ddn tinh mang thai nhi.
Say thai: Neu hut thuoc Id trong thdi ky mang thai thi nguy co bj sdy thai cd the cao hon 10 lan so vdi phu nii khdng hiit thuoc, nguyen nhan chinh Id do bdo thai bj thieu dxy vi mdu nudi dudng bdo thai cd chiia nhieu khi CO tu khdi thuoc Id do m? hiit.
Ngodi ra cdn xudt phdt tii nguyen nhdn khdc, dd Id khi hiit thuoc Id ldm tdng ndng dp cua cdc hormon epinephrin, vasopressin, lam cho triing di qua dng dan triing nhanh ban, khi triing da thy tinh vdo tii cung sdm thi se dd sdy thai ban.
Tdng nguy co truydn HIV cho thai nhi: Khi nhirng phy nii mang thai bj nhidm HIV duong tinh hiit
f
thudc Id thi ty If lay bfnh sang con cao gip 3,3 Idn so vdi ngudi khdng hiit thudc.
Tu vong: CJ phy nur hiit thudc, ty If cd thai ngodi tii cung ciing thudng ldn born tu 2 - 4 Ian so vdi nhiing phy nur khdng hiit thudc Id.
Ong dan triing Id noi thudng xdy ra cd thai sai chd, ndu khdng dupc phdt hifn sdm dd xii tri kjp thdi
7 r
thi nd cd the lam vo dng din tning vd gay tu vong
cho m?.
Ngodi ra, cac thai phu thudng xuydn hit phdi khdi
f 7
thudc la thy dpng cd thd Idm gia tdng nguy co phdt trien bfnh ung thu phdi, bfnh tim, bfnh khi thung, dj ling, chdm bdi nhidm vd
/ r y y
mpt sd cdc vdn de vd siic khde khac d cd thai phy lin thai nhi.
Ddi vdi thai nhi: Khi phy nir mang thai hiit thudc Id se dnh hudng rat ldn ddn siic khde cua thai nhi.
7 r
Dj tat bam sinh: Mpt sd nghidn ciiu chi ra rang d nhiing thai phy hut thudc trdn Ibao/ngdy khi mang thai thi nguy co bj di tat bam sinh cao gdp 1,6 2,3 Ian so vdi ngudi khdng hiit thudc. Chu ydu Id bfnh tim bam sinh va thudng la di tat d tim tuong ddi nghidm trpng...
Ngodi ra, phy ndr mang
/ 7
thai hiit thude Id cd thd lam tang nguy co thai chdt luu do hiit thudc la gay cac bidn chiing d rau thai vd hut thudc la lam thai nhi phdt tridn cham trong tii cung...
Trd sau khi sinh
30 S6 02.2012
Tinh trang di iing: Cac ba me hiit thudc la khi mang thai lam cho con cua hp cd nguy co bj dj iing
r y
cao gap 3 lan so vdi con cua cac bd me khdng hiit
r
thudc.
Hdi chiing dot tir d tre so sinh: Hiit thudc la Id mpt ydu td nguy co quan trpng trong hpi chiing dot tii d tre so sinh. Khoang 30% nhirng trudng hop chdt dot ngpt d tre so sinh cd the phdng bdng each
r
cha me chiing bd hiit thudc la.
Tre sinh non: Theo Hpi San phy khoa My thi d nhiing thai phy hut I bao/ngdy ty If sinh non cao hon 20% so vdi phy nii khdng hiit thudc la. Nhiing tre sinh non (dudi 37 tuan) thudng hay gap nhihig bidn chiing nguy hidm, cd thd gay tu vong.
Nhe can: Nhiing diia trd dupc sinh ra tii nhiirng bd me hiit thudc la nhe can hon so vdi con cua nhiing bd me khdng hiit thudc la trung binh khoang 170 - 200 gam do nhurng diia trd nay phdt tridn chua dupc day du.
Tri tuf: Nhiing diia tre sinh ra bdi nhiing ba me hut thudc la thi tri tuf cham phdt tridn, khd khan trong nhan thiic, roi loan
hanh vi vd giam kha ndng hpc tap d trudng.
Bdn canh dd, tre ciing dd bj mdc cdc benh lien quan ddn hd hdp nhu: Vidm phdi, vidm phd quan, vidm tai giura...
Theo td chiic Y td the gidi (WHO) Cling bdo dpng van de hit phdi thuoc la. So vdi khdi thudc Id ma ngudi hiit hit vdo phdi, mdt phin khdi du nhd ra mdi trudng chiia nhieu ban hai ldn nhya thudc vd nicotine; ba Ian chat gay ung thu ben- zopyrene, ndm lan khi car- bon monoxide vd ndm muoi Ian khi amnonia.
Khi phy nii mang thai khdng hiit thudc Id, nhung ndu hit phdi khdi thudc trong thdi gian dai, vd tinh khdng khdc gi bdn than
r 7
thai phy hiit thudc Id cd the lam gia tdng nguy co phdt
7 7
tridn bdnh ung thu phdi, bfnh tim, bfnh khi thiing, dj ling, cham bdi nhidm vd mdt sd cdc van dd vd siic khde khdc d cd thai phy ldn thai nhi.
Nhiing diia be khi hit phai khdi thudc la thy dpng cd thd gay ra tinh trang
7 f ^
giam dung tich phdi va ddi difn vdi nguy co cao mdc phai hpi chiing bi dot tii, vi trong khdi thudc cd khoang 4.000 chit hda hpc, trong dd cd 43 chit dupc xep vdo
loai gay ung thu, gdm nhiing chat nhu nicotin, oxide carbon, hdc in vd benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone, arsenic, hydrogen cyanide... anh hudng den todn bd he than kinh, mach mau vd ndi tiet gay ra cac benh trdn cho me va thai nhi.
Do vdy, cac bdc sy ludn canh bao vdi cdc ba me mang thai rdng khi mang thai tuydt ddi khdng hiit thuoc la vd cd gdng tranh
f 7
xa noi cd khdi thudc Id dd trdnh hit phai, nhdm bdo vf siic khde cho cd me vd thai nhi. Nhiing canh bdo ve tdc hai ciia thudc Id, nhdt la ddi vdi phy nir
7
mang thai da dupe phd bidn rdng rai trdn cac phuong tidn thdng tin dai chiing, cac pa nd dp phich, tuy nhidn hidu qud tac dpng tdi mpi ngudi chua
t r r
cao. Dd cd kdt qua tdt cdc ban chu dpng cung ngudi than, ban be va nhiing ngudi xung quanh hay ndi khdng vdi thudc la nhdm ddm bdo cho tre mdt mdi trudng "khdng khdi thudc"
de tre cd the phdt tridn khde manh vd vi mpt cupc sdng ldnh manh vd hanh phiic, bdi dd tuong lai ciia gia dinh ban va xa hdi chiing ta. •
Tran Phudc tdng hgp
Khoa hpc va cdng j?; 3' ^1_= 31