I Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn So 1/2013
, THONG B A O K H O A HOC
TAI LlTONG NGUON THAI PHAN TAN VUNG DAM THUY TRIEU
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NON-POTNT WASTE SOURCES IN THUY TRIEU LAGOON
Phan Minh Thif', Tdn Nir My Nga', Nguyin Hint Huan', NguySn Thf Thanh Tam' I Ngay nh?n bai: 23/10/2012; Ngiy phan bien thong qua. 16/12/2012; Ngiy duyet dang: 15/3/2013
' T6MTAT
I Dam Thuy Trieu dong vai tro quan trgng trong qud trinh phdt triin kinh ti cua huy?n Cam Ldm vd Id nai tiep nhdn vd dieu hoa cdc nguon thdi phdn tdn vd tap trung cua khu vyc, bao gom ngudn thai tit sinh hoqt, vd cac ho^t dong nong . nghiep vd nuoi trong thuy sdn. Bdnh gid long lufmg chdt thdi phdn tdn tdc dgng vdo thuy vuc gop phdn ldm ca sd di tinh todn sue tdi moi tnrang ciia ddm. Tong luqmg cdc ngudn thdi phdn tdn tic cdc xd ven ddm ndm 2011 u&c tinh tuang duang 183 tdn chdt thdi rdn/thdng: 50.12 tdn BOD/ihdng, 131,36 tdn COD/thdng. 7.75 tdn N/thdng vd 1,85 tdn P/thdng. Trong sd ndy ngudn thdi lit nuoi trong thuy sdn chiim wu the. Bin nam 2020, chdt thdi ran tang len din 275 tdn/thdng, BOB vd COB tdng 50 - 60% vd long ni ta (TN), long phdt pho (TP) tdng gdp 2-3 ldn so vdi hi^n tQi. Irong do. nguon thdi sinh hofit chiim tmthe Chinh vivdy, de phdi triin bin virng viing dam Thuy Tneu cdn phdi co chiin lufc qudn ly vd xu ly chdt thdi I mpl cdch hgp ly, tuang ung vai su phdt tnen cua kinh le •• xd hoi.
Tir khoa: chdt thdi phdn tdn, ddnh gid tdi lupng, ddm Tliuy Triiu ABSTRACT
; Thuy Trieu lagoon plays an important role for socio-economic development in Cam Lam district and is the water body to receive and control non-point and point waste sources ofthe region, including local domestic, agricultural and ' aquacultural wastes Quantitative assessment of non-point waste sources, that have negative impacts on water quality,
contributes to estimation of carrying capacity ofthe lagoon. In 2011, total volume ofnon-pomt waste sources from coastal ' communes of Thuy Trieu Lagoon was estimated 183 tonnes solid waste/month; 50.12 tonnes BOB/month, 131 36 tonnes COD/month, 7.75 tonnes N/month and 1.85 tonnes P/month Of these Ihe highest wastewater was come from aquaculture.
To the year of 2020. the solid waste will increase to 275 tonnes/month; BOD and COD will be more 50-60% than that in 2011, and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) will be 2-3 times more than that in 2011, in which the highest , volume was domestic waste Thus, it is necessary to set up a master plan of suitable waste management and treatment for
socio-economic development of Thuy Trieu lagoon.
Keywords- non-poinl waste sources, quantitative assessment. Thuy Trieu lagoon
I. DAT V A N Dt Cam Thdnh Bdc vd thj trin Cam Ode thufic huygn D i m Thiiy Trilu, kdo ddi tir xa Cam Hoa huyen Cam Lam (Hinh 1) nam ven dam Thiiy Trilu. Dan Cam Ldm d i n c l u Long Ho - phudng Cam NghTa so eiia huyen Cam Ldm 106,023 ngudi, nhung thuficthdnhph6CamRanh,c6tpadp109''09.055'- phdn bfi khfing dong dfiu, han 80% dan cu tgp 109''12.667'E vd 11''58.784 - 12''07.160°N (Hinh trung d vilng nflng thfln [4]. Mac dil mdi thanh lap 1). Cde xa Cam Hai Dfing, Cam Hda, Cam Hdi Tay, ndm 2007. Cam Ldm da vd dang cd nhOng bude
' ThS. Phan Mmh Thg, ^NguySn HOu Hudn: Vi§n Hdi duong hpe Nha Trang
' ThS TOn NO Mf Nga, *Nguy§n Thj Ttianh TSm Khoa Nufii tr6ng Thuy san - Tnrcrng 0?i hqc Nha Trang
TRadNG DAI HOC NHA TI5ANG • 49
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn S6l/3m
filn ddng k l trong bfii d n h kinh te khd khan. Ndm2011, gia trj sdn xuat tang 10% so vdi nam 2010 [7]. Hoat dpng san xult nfing, ldm nghiep vd thCiy sdn la sinh k l chii yeu eua da sfi ngudi ddn Cam Lam [7]. Can cir vdo ea d u kinh t l , phan bo ddn cu gtira thdnh Ih] vd ndng thdn [8], thj trin Cam Due CO mue dfl dang sa khai vd dang tirng budc xdy dyng d l trd thdnh thii phu cua huydn Cam Lam, cfln cdc xa khdc phat triln d mirc dfl nflng thfln. Vdi difin tich ban 2.200ha, dam Thuy Trieu ddng vai trfi quan trpng trong vigc tilp nhan va dilu hda ede ngufin thdi phdt sinh do hoat dflng kinh te - xa hfll d edc khu dan eu ven bd, ddc biet la nguon thdi phdn tdn.
Ngufin thdi phdn tdn {non-point waste soumes) Id nguon ttidi khulch tan ttdn lan, khflng xa ttiai t$p trung vdo mflt dilm nhat djnh ctia vyc nude [11, 12].
NhOng ngufin thdi ndy - vi dy nhu nydc ehay trdn dfi thj; nude xd ihdi fij cac khu ddn cu- khfing cfi hg thfing xu ly nude thdi tgp trung; d l t nhilm bin, khu vyc khai md; chat thai tir hogt dfing chan nufil.
Hinh 1. DSm Thiy Tridu
50 • TRLfCJNG DAl HOC NHA TRANG
trong trpt, nufil trfing thuy sdn... - co khoi lup'ng nh6 nhung gdy ra anh hudng ddng ke d i n chit luvng mfii tn/dng thiiy vyc tiep nh§n. TnDng trudng hpp nay Id mfii trudng nude dam Thuy Trilu. Vl v$y,
<^nh ludng ngufin thai phdn tdn dflng vai fid quan tnpng trong quan ly mfii trudng phuc vu phdt triln bin vtrng vung ven tid dam ThCiy Trilu.
Phdi triln kmh t l vd dfl thi hfla la nhung t^c nhan anh hudng mgnh me den chat lypng m61 trudng nude dam Thiiy Trilu. Hogt dflng kinh ll xa hfii ci^a vimg ven bd cung nhu nufii trfing vd khai Ihac thOy san fi'ong d i m [3] Id nguydn nhan lam suy thodi chat luang mdi trudng vd cgn kl$t nguon Ip'i. Cdc dfii tudng nufli nhu ca mil, rong eau,... (ndm 2011), hau, tu hdu (nam 2012) vd cdc loai thOy sinh vdt chet hdng logt Ddy Id h$ qud ciia qud trinh d nhiem mfil trudng cue bfi tir nirtc thai nhd mdy dudng, ehe biln thfiy sdn [4, 6J, nufli trong thiiy sdn ven bd, nfing nghigp va chit tfiSl sinh hogt
Vi vgy, vl#e danh gid mfit cdch ehinh xdc ngudn thai phdn tdn do vao dam gflp phin tang cufing gidm sdt vd qudn \^ chit lup'ng mdi trudng, phyc vy phat trifin bin vung thiiy vyc vd viing ven bd huy^n Cam Lam. Ddy Id mfit phin nfli dung nghidn ci>u ciia de tdi VAST07.04/11-12 ciia Vien Khoa hpcvS Cdng nghg Vifit Nam.
II. PHU'ONG P H A P N G H | £ N CCFU 1. Phuang phdp thu th^p sfi ligu
Cdc so lifiu kinh t l xa hpi cCia cdc xa ven biin duac thu Uigp thdng qua nidn gidm thong k l huy^n Cam Lam [5], cde bdo eao kinh t l xa hfii hang ndm
\7] eiia cde xa ven biln cung nhu thflng fin 6v<jc cung d p tn,rc tilp tir can bfi chuyen trdch cua Oy Ban Nhan Ddn xd v l djnh hudng phdt triln kinh tJ vao edc ndm 2015 vd 2020.
2. Phipomg phap danh gid tdi lirpmg chit ttiii phdn tdn
Qud trinh djnh lup'ng ling luyng thdi phdn tfin duac thye hign theo quy trinh minh hpa qua hlnti 2. Tong lup-ng chat thai (C^.) dug'c tinh theo cOng ttitrc (1).
C T - S C T (1) Trong dfi CT,: Tfing lup'ng thdi cua chit ttidi sinh hogt (CTg„), chdn nufii (CT^^j^^) vd nufli fifing thily san ( C T ^ ) .
\ Tap chi Khoa hgc - Cdng nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2013
Hinh 2. Sor dd djnh lirgng ngudn tbii phSn tin it cic xa ven bidn Cam Lam (dudng dih khAc: tbeo quy hoach den nam 2020, n6ng nghidp khong c6n trong khu v ^ thinh thi Cam Lam)
3. Djnh luvng nguon thdi sinh hogt trong dfi, Cg„: lupng thdi sinh hogt phdt sinh binh Lugng thai sinh hogt ciia ngudi dan qudn dau ngudi (kg/ngudi/ngdy); P: tfing dan so tai (CTg^, - kg/ndm) dug'c xae djnh theo eflng thirc (2). khu vyc nghien cuu (ngudi). Djnh mirc ngufin thai CT = C X P X ?rt5 I7\ *"^"^ '''"^ '^"^ ngudi ddn ven bien dug'c trinh bay
^" ^^ qua bang 1.
Bdng I.Ojnh mtre l u v n g thdi binh quan dau ngiroi d> viing ven b i l n Viet Nam [1, 2]
STT
1 2 3 4 5
Lo9i chdt Uidi
ChSt thai r l n BODS COD TN TP
Ban vj tfnh
kg/ngif^i/ngdy g/ngi^fri/ngSy gingiri/ilngiy g/ngijai/ngdy g/ngipai/ngdy
Binh mi>c t h i l tmng binh
0,35 - 0,70 4 6 - 5 4 85-102
6 - 1 2 0,6-4,5
Ap d^ng cho Cam l ^ m Hi#n t f i
0,60 49,5 93,5 9,0 2,6
2015 0,6 59,4 112,2 10,8 3,06
2020 1,20 54,0 102,0
12,0 4,5
4. Djnh luvng ngufin thdi chan nudi, nuoi trfing thOy sdn
Luyng Ihll tip hogt dflng chdn nufii (CT^^j,^) va nufli fi^ng ttitiy sdn (CT^^rs) ^^^'^ ^ ^ " ^ 9'^ tiya trdn ting quin ddn chan nufli (3) hodc tong san phim nufii ta^ng thuy sdn (4).
t
CT^ M^
(3) (4)
trong do, C^,^^,^ va C^,^^: Luang chat Ihdi binh qudn phat sinh trong chan nufii (kg/con/ndm) vd trong nufil trfing thuy san (kg/tan) Pfj^cN- Tong quan dan chan nudi tgi khu vyc nghidn eiru (con); M,^^^: Tfing san pham nudi trfing thuy san (lan/nam)
Dinh muc c h l l Ihdi trong chan nufii vd fi'ong nufli trong thiiy san dug'c trinh bay lan lupe qua cae bang 2 va bdng 3.
TRLfi5NG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 51
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2013
STT 1 2 3 4 5
Bang 2, Djnh miFC Lo^l chat thai
Chit thai rln BODS COD TN TP
Ben VI tinh Kg/con/ngay
g/con/ngay g/con/ngay g/con/ngay g/con/ng^y
l i v n g thai trong chdn nudi [1, 2 Gia cam
0,2 1,28 4,49 0,82 1,92
Heo 2,0 140,97 493,40 43,90 9,93
141 Trau/bA
12,S 95,47 334,14 61,10 10,70
Ghi chO
* *
•a San Dmgo-McGlonB vi c^ng sv. 114].
Bang 3. Djnh mi>c luvng thai trong nuoi trfing thDy sdn [13]
kg/tan kg/lln kg/tan
Trong thye t l , khflng phdi todn bfl lugng nude thai tir cae ngufin phdn ldn do trye fiip vdo ting dim Thiiy Trilu ma phu thuflc vdo dge diem nguon thai (bdng 4) cQng nhu kha nang xir ly chit thai
Bdng 4. hie so xa thai cua nhirng nguon thdi khdc nhau [9]
nufl'c m|t oia dja phyong.
L09I ngu&n thdi Chit thdi sinh hogt tgp tmng d dfl thi Chit thdi phdn tan
Nude thdi trye tilp Nude thdi chdn nufli
H^soxathil 0,89 0,22 1.00 0,24 III. K^T QUA NGHIEN CO'U VA T H A O L U A N
1. So* luvc d i l u kien kinh t l - xa h$i cdc xa ven bien huyfin Cam Lam
Tong ddn so 5 xa/thj trin ven biln huyen Cam Lam Iln lup^ Id 53.947 ngudi vdo nam 2007 vd 49.625 ngudi nam 2011 (bdng 5). Mgc dii gid trj ndy dang giam din, nhung sau khi ldi ca d u d|a gidl hanh chinh. ddn sfi cOa cdc dja phuang ndy dang tang len. Theo quy hoach, tong dan sfi cua edc dja phuang ndy dgt 50.040 ngudi vao nam 2015 vd 50.300 ngudi vao nam 2020 (bdng 5).
Bang 5. Mpt sfi chi tiSu kinh tfi xa
Tang trudng dan so vd Ihay doi ca clu kinh iS eua cae dja phuang ttieo hudng gia ldng hogt dOng edng nghigp va djch vy, gidm thilu boat dpng n6ng nghidp vd nufli trong thiiy san ldm thay doi dgc 6\im nguon thai. Khi he thong d p thodt nude ciia ttij trSn Cam Dire hodn thanh trong tuang lai gin, ngufin thai phdn tdn ti> sinh hogt vd mfit so hoat dpng khSc d ddy se ehuyin dol thanh nguon tap fiung. Dilu ndy tao dilu kien ttiugn lgi eho vi§c xtr ly nude ttidi, giam thilu tde dfing d i n mfil Irudng nufi'c dSm Thuy Trilu.
h$i cdc xa ven bien huyen Cam Ldm Chi tieu
1. Xi hpi Di^n tich (l<m^) Dan so (ngiF^i) 2. Chdn nu6i Trau (con) Bo(con) Heo(con) Gia d m (con) 3. Thuy sin San iifong t6m nuoi (tan) San lifffng c i nuoi (tan)
2007 [5]
124 53.947 22 4.051 14.357 111.980 1.055 132
2011 [7]
126 49.625 28 1.765 15.510 117.412 936 198
126 50.040 25 1.670 16.240 128.800 802 241
126 50.300 25 1.670 16.240 128.800 785 235 '
52 • TRUCING DAI HQC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn S61/201S
2. C h i t thai ran phdn tdn
Theo Bfl Tai nguyen va Mfli tnfdng, binh qudn kha ndng ttiu gom chat thai ran sinh hogt, chan nufii do cflng ty Mfli trudng d Cam Ldm ndi rieng d Khdnh Hda ndi chung len d i n 90%, chi 10% lugng nay ttiai ra mdi bvdng [2]. Theo dieu tra tham v i n cflng dong, chat thdi ran trong nudi trong thiiy san thu gom 100%. Do dd, long lugng chat thai rdn phdn tdn khfing thu gom d vung ven bd dim ThiJy Trieu Id 275 tan/thdng ndm 2007, giam xuong cfin 183 tin/lhdng ndm 2011. nhung khfii lugng se tdng len 213 tIn/Uidng vdo ndm 2015 vd 275 tan/thdng nam 2020. Dfin ndm 2015 vd 2020. trong khi chit thai rln tir chdn nudi khflng tang, thi luang phdt sinh tir sinh hogt tdng g i p ddi (hinh 3). Nguon thai ndy dnh hudng trye tilp mfii trudng d i m Thiiy Trieu Sy gia tdng ngufin thdi ndy trong tuang lai se gay dp lyc Ifin vific Uiu gom vd xir ly ehat thdi rdn de bdo ve mfil tardng. Tuy nhiSn, theo quy hogeh phdt triln dfl thi eiia tinh Khdnh Hfia vd huyen Cam Ldm, phan dfiu den ndm 2020 khd ndng thu gom vd xi> 1^ c h l l Ihdl rln eua dja phuang dat 100%. De dgt dugc muc lieu ndy, chinh quyln dia phuang d n thiet phai xdy dyng k l hogeh cung nhu chinh sach cu the trong quan ly chat lugng mfii trudng. Ndm Irong k l hoach ndy, ngdy 15/11/2012, Cfing ty TNHH Mfli trudng Vifit My da khdi cflng xdy dyng nhd mdy xij ly chat thii sinh hogt tgi thfln Khdnh Thdnh Nam, xd Suoi Cdt vdl cdng suit d ttil Ifin d i n 1000 tln/ngdy.
Bdng 6. Hign trang va d^* bao tong lu'gng nipdc 300 - 1 250 -
? 200 - .= 150 -
Chit thai
1, 1 1
J L *
2007 2011ll
I 1 aChan nuoi
• • r^
2015 2020 Hinh 3. Chit thii rSn it dam Thiiy IM^u 3. Nipoc thai phan tan
Tong lugng nude thai tir ngufin thdi phan tan (bang. 6 vd hinh 4), cfl the Id nguyfin nhan lam suy giam chit lugng mfli trudng nude dim Thiiy Tnlu [4, 6]. Ngufin thdi ndy ciia ndm 2011 gidm manh so vdi nam 2007 vd bien dflng khflng dang k l trong tuang lai dfil vdi BODj va COD, trong khi do TN vd TP trong tuang lai lai lang mgnh so vdi ndm 2011.
Trong nam 2011, hang thang, dim Thiiy Tnlu cd thfi fiip nh|n mflt lugng nude Ihll phdn tdn luang duang 116,5 tan BODj; 269,7 tan COD; 22,2 t i n N vd 5,3 t i n P. D i n nam 2020, hang thang tfing lugng thai ndy ldng len din 119,6 tan BOD^; 270,3 t i n COD; 26,3 t i n N va 8,3 tan P.
thai phan tdn phat sinh fi- dam Thuy Trieu Ylut6
BOD, (lln/thSng) COD (lln/thSng) TN (tin/thing) TP (tin/thang)
2007
132,7 314,4 27,8 6,4
2011
116,5 269,7 22,2 5,3
2015
128,0 286,7 24,4 6,1
2020
119,6 270,3 26,3 8,3 ' Ngufin nude thdt phdn tdn bao gfim BODj,
^ COD. TN vd TP cfl t h i tdc dfing den c h i t lugng j mfii trudng d d i m Thuy Trilu ed nguon gfie tir ' nude thai sinh hogt ehilm 48,79 - 72,12% long i lugng thai d hign tgi vd 59,56 - 82,93% tfing i lugng thai trong tuang lai tiiy thufic tirng logi
yeu to thai (hinh 4). Lugng thai phan tdn tir hogt dpng nudi trong thuy san eting dflng gflp mflt phin ddng ke vao sy gia lang BOD^ va COD.
Nguge lai, hoat dflng ehan nufli lam phdt sinh ngufin thdi TN vd TP eao han so vdi nufli trfing thuy san.
TRLS5NG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 53
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn S61/201S
2007 2011 2015 2020 2007 2011 2015 2020
Thiiy san Sinh hogt
2007 2011 2015 2020 2007 2011 2015 2020
Hinh 4. Nguon thai ph^D t i n & d i m Tuy nhifin, trong thuc le, khdng phdi t i l cd ngufin Ihdl ndy tdc dpng In/c lllp din chit lugng mfil Irudng dim Thuy Trieu, do bj phan ra nhd kha nang ty ldm sgeh ciia ehiing. Kit qua ddnh gid cho thiy lugng thdi chinh thirc tdc dflng den ehat luang mfii trudng nude dam Thuy Trilu (Bang 7) chi bang 28,82 - 48,70% nam 2007 va 2011, hogc 53,40 - 63,87% vdo ndm 2015 vd 2020 so vdl tong lugng thdi phdn tan phat sinh cOa 5 xa/thj Iran ven bien huygn Cam Lam. Trong gial dogn hien tai, nguon thdi do nufii trfing thiiy san chilm uu t h i , nhung trong gial dogn fiip theo, do anh hudng cua qua trinh dfl thj hfla cung nhu nhu d u cupc song gia Bdng 7. Hi^n trang va d y bao luvng thdi phan tan
I Thiiy Trilu, hl^n tai yi tutmg lai
tang, ngufin thdi sinh hogt tang len ddng k l . Trong luang lai (2015 vd 2020), mflt khi nh|n thdc v l vai tro cua mfli trudng d ngudi ddn d|a phuang ndng cao, kit hgp vdi nhung ehinh sdch hgp l!? cCia chinh quyen huygn Cam l ^ m vd tinh Khdnh Hfla, chSt thdi sinh hogt, chan nufii trong khu ddn cu sd du^c tdp trung vd xir ly nlu nhd mdy xi> ly nude Uidi l$p taing dugc xdy dyng. Han ni>a, chit thdi tip cdc ao nufil tfim, cd phdi dugc xir \'j/ dim bdo quy chuSn Vifit Nam. Ddy Id nhCrng dilu kifin d n vd dCi d l cdi ttilfin chit lugng mfii hudng nude dim Thdy Trilu, tang sue tdi mfii trudng nhim phgc vy phdt triln bin vOng.
anh hyfimg tryv t i l p mfii trudng d i m Thuy Trilu Y4ut6
BOD, (tIn/thang) COD (tan/thang) TN (tIn/thang) TP (lln/thang)
2007 56.60 150,19 9,41 1,85
2011 50,12 131,36 7,75 1,57
2015 79,69 182,50 13,37 3,25
2020 74,79 172,66 14,37 4,48
54 • TR1_)0NG D A I H O C NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2013
IV. K t T LUANDfi thj hfia, phdt triln kinh t l vd nhu d u ndng cao chit lugng cufic sfing d cdc xd/ttii fi^n huyen Cam Llm, dge biet la thj fi-an Cam Due, Id nguyen nhdn chinh Idm gia tang dp lyc nguon thai phdn tan len mdi trudng nude d i m Thiiy Trieu N l u nhu lugng chit thdi ran eo nguon goe tir sinh hogt va chdn nufii khdng dugc thu gom ndm 2011 Id 183 tan/thdng thi d i n ndm 2020 tugng thai ndy tang len d i n 275 tan/thang. Dfii vdi nude thai, tfing lygng
ttiai phan tan dgt 50,12 tan BOD/thang (nam 2011), tang len khodng 50 - 60% trong nhO'ng ndm sau, fix)ng khi dd TP tdng gap 2 - 3 lan. Trong nam 2011, nguon thai phat sinh tir nudi trong thOy san ehilm yu t h i ttii den nhCrng nam 2015 vd 2020, ngufin thdi sinh hoat ehilm uu the. Ddy Id nhu-ng gia trj txi y nghTa quan fi-png gdp phan trong cflng tac quan 1;?
chit lugng mdi Irudng cOng nhu danh gid sire tdi eiia ttiCiy vyc phyc vy phdt tnln ben vung viing ven bd d i m Thuy Trilu.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Tiing Vift
1 Bp Thi nguyen vi M6i trufmg, 2010. Bao cSo moi truong qu6c gm nam 2010: T6ng quan mfii tru^g Vigt Nam. Ha Npi 2 BQ Tk\ nguyen va Moi truong, 2011. Bdo cao moi tmong quoc gia 2011: Chat thai r5n. Hi Noi
3 Ph^un Van Thom, Duong Trgng Kilm, NguySn Hong Thu, Ph^m Hihi TSm, U Thi Vinh, 2003. Danh gia anh huong cua cac ho?l dpng cong nghigp \k nuoi trfing thiiy san doi vdi chit lui^ng moi tnioi^ dim Thiiy Trieu BSo cao Ah tai co so, Vign HSi Duong HpC.
4 Pham Van Thom (Chu nhigm) 2008 Dieu Ira hign tr?ng moi tmong vjnh Cam Ranh dS phyc v\i phat tn5n kinh ti xa hgi thj xa Cam Ranh. Bdo cao tong kit ik tdi Vien Hai Duong Hpe - So Khoa hpe vd Cong nghg Khdnh Hoa.
5 Ph6ngTh6ng ke huyen Cam Lam, 2010. Nien gidm th6ng ke 2009 Khdnh H6a.
6 S6 Tdi nguyen vd Moi tnrong iChanh H6a, 2010 Hign t r ^ g moi trudng tinh Khdnh H6a 5 nfim giai doan 2006 - 2010 In tai Cong ty TNHH Cong nghg M6i trucmg Tran Nguyen.
7. UBND huygn Cam Lam, 2012. Bdo cdo phdt trien kinh te xa hpi huygn Cam Ldm 2011 vd dinh buong phdt triin dSn nam 2015, t ^ nhin 2020. Khdnh Hda.
8 Van Phong Chmh Phii, 2009. Nghi dinh so 42/2009/>ffi-CP, ngdy 7/5/2009 Hd Noi TlengAnh
9 Benaman J., Armstrong N.E. & Maidment D.R., 1996. Modeling of dissolved oxygen in the Houston Ship Charmel using WASPS and Geographic information systems. Bureau of Engmeering Research, The University of Texas at Austin J.J. Pickle Research Campus Austm,TX 78712-4497
10 Corwin, D.L & Wagenet, R.J., 1996. Applications of CIS to the ModeUng of NonPoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone:
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