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WSiW '^^^"9 ^^' '^^y ^^"^9 ^^ ^° ^^^ v° B°" ^^ Viet Nam
Ha tang diif lieu khong gian cua Cong hoa Nam Phi
O TS. TRAN BACH GIANG Hdi Trie dja, bin do, vien tham Vidt Nam
ThS. N G U Y I N V A N THAO Cyc Do dgc vi Ban dd Vidt Nam
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am Phi la mgt trong cic ntfdc cd hogt dgng DD&BD tdrat sdm. Hign nay, hg ting ky thu$t DD&BD cua Nam Phi ri't phit triin do sdm ban hinh Dga lu$t Hg ting dtf li$u khdng gian vi cac van ban di thtfc hien hg tang dtfligu khdng gian cda quoc gia.Dgo lugt Ha tang dd ii$u khdng gian
Ludt dupe Tong thing Nam Phi ban hanh nam 2003, ndi dung bao gIm: Khung ky thudt, t h l c h l vd ehinh sach qud'e gia de tgo thu|in lgi eho vide xay dyng, qudn ty, bio tri, tieh hpp, phdn phii vd sD dyng thdng tin khdng gian. D i l tugng dp dyng cDa Ludt id ede cd quan nha nude luu giO thdng tin khdng gian, ngudi sD dyng thdng tin khdng gian va cae v i n d l ed lien quan.
Cdc mue tieu cOa hg ting dfl Hgu khdng glan Nam Phi (SADI):
Tgo thudn ldi cho vide nim bit thdng tin khdng gian thdng qua sy phii hpp giDa cac cd quan n h l nude; tang eUdng quin ly va bio tri thdng tin khdng gian; thue diy sD dung va chia sd thdng tin khdng gian trong ho trg quy hogch khdng gian, phdt trien KT-XH va ede boat ddng lidn quan; tgo mdi trudng thugn lpi d l phii hpp vd hop tdc giDa ele bdn lidn quan v l
truy cap thdng tin khdng gian; logi bd sy trOng lap trong xdy dyng thdng tin khdng gian; thDc d i y viee truy cdp todn c l u tfii thdng tin eCia Nam Phi; tao thudn lOi bio v$
b i n quyen eua Nhd nude trong cae edng trinh lien quan d i n thdng tin khdng gian. Dgo ludt eung quy djnh v l viee thanh lap vd hogt ddng cDa Uy ban Thdng tin khdng gian. Trong dd, quy djnh ehi tilt v l ChDc ndng, quyen hgn va thanh phin; dilu khoin lam viee va eae eude hgp eOa Oy ban va eae tieu ban.
Ndi dung cDa Dgo ludt quy djnh v l ede v i n d l ; Tidu chuin va quy dinh v l thdng tin khdng gian; xay dyng vd xult bdn sidu do lieu; each thUe vd sy tfl chii truy cap vdo thdng tin khdng gian;
eung cap vd trdch nhiem d i i vdi thdng tin khdng gian; thda thuan ve sD dyng thdng tin khdng gian;
duy tri hpp tac; bao cao v l chat lugng dD lieu; bdo mdt thdng tin khdng glan; cde quy djnh ndu rd trach nhiem phdp ly cua cdc t l ChDe, ea nhdn cd lidn quan.
Chinh sach q u i n ly dCT li#u Chinh sach qudn ly dD lidu dugc ban hdnh phye vy cho viec thye hien Dgo luat Hg ting dfl lidu khdng gian cua Nam Phi. Myc dich dua ra tidu chi d l xdc djnh vd b l trf cdc nhd quin ly tdp dfl lieu
cd sfi d l thDc day vi$e ehia sd dD lieu; thuc day m i i quan hd hgp tae giDa cdc nhd quin ly t|p dD lidu cP sd vdi cac cd quan, t6 ChDe khae d l bdo d i m vide truy cdp va sdn ed cCia eac t§p dfl li^u CP sfi lien quan; xde djnh quyln cua nhd qudn ly t i p dfl lieu ed sd, theo Dgo Ludt SDI eOng nhU cdc phdp Idnh vd ehinh sach khae;
xdc djnh trach nhidm eOa ngudi dDng dfl lieu lien quan d i n nhd qudn ly tdp dD lidu cd sd. Chinh sdeh nay dUPe dp dyng cho cac cd quan nhd nude va cie nhd cung c i p djch vy cho Nhd nudc, dp dung eho ele tap dfl lidu cd sfi do Uy ban Thdng tin khdng gian (CSI) xac djnh.
Cac myc tieu cOa chinh saeh Id: Nang eao vigc truy c^p va sdn cd cua tap dO lidu cd sfi, thdng tin lien quan; logi bd sy trOng lap trong tap hgp ede tdp dfl lidu cd sd; bdo v§ sy rieng tU cua ed nhdn vd ngan ngDa traeh nhi^m phdp ly"
gifla tit e l eae bdn; ndng cao chit IDgng vd tinh todn vgn eua cdc tdp dfl lieu cd sd; tgo thudn lOi cho vide hop tdc gifla cde ITnh vyc khae nhau eua chinh phu vd cac to chDe khae; bdo ddm sy tfch hyp ede tdp dfl lieu ed sfi.
Cae quy djnh chi tilt eua Chinh sdeh quin ly dD lidu dya trdn ede nguydn tie: ThUa nhgn eae nha quin ly tdp dfl lidu eg sfi 4 6 Tgi nguyen yg Moi tru'dng | Kill-Thing 5/2016
la nguon lyc cd quyln doi vdi eae tdp dfl lieu ed sfi; thDc day sy hgp tie vd phoi hpp gifla cdc nhd quIn ly tdp co sfi dD lieu; tdng eUdng truy cdp vdi cdc tap dD lidu cd sfi thdng qua vide thdnh lap vd edng b l sleu dfl lieu; the c h l hda viee quin trj eae tap dD lieu ed sd.
Chi'nh sach cung cap va djch vu thdng tin khdng gian
Mye dich eua chfnh sach la d l bao d i m cdc quylt dinh lidn quan d i n viee djnh gia thdng tin khdng gian trong tTnh vyc cdng vd sy nhd't qudn trong viec I p dyng cic chinh sdch gid c l . Uy Ban Thdng tin khdng gian (CSI) cd vai trd quan trgng trong vide phii hdp hd thing dD lieu, ban do va eae tieu chuin khung cin thie't d l toi da hda ldi fch cua dfl lieu, thdng tin khdng gian dupe thu thap bdi tat ca ede d p chinh quyln 6 Nam Phi va ITnh vye tU nhdn. Theo dd, nhidm vy nay se d i n den sU phu hdp, tUdng thieh vfii cae tap dfl lieu. Do hau hit cde thdnh phd, ban, nganh, chfnh quyln c i p tinh va Nha nude fi Nam Phi da danh mdt s i ngudn lye de phdt triln thdng tin khdng glan nen xay ra hien tupng trung lap. Cae md hinh hoat ddng hien tai deu dya tren eae md hinh trude dd nhin mgnh vao chl phi hoan Igi va nguydn tac ngudi dung tra tien. Pham vl cDa ehinh sach nay bao gom tat c l dD lidu, thdng tin khdng glan dUdc cung cap bdi cac t l chDe finh vyc cdng, gIm tat ea cdc nhd quan ly dD lidu vd t l chDe ITnh vUc cdng eung cap cac s i n pham va djch vu thdng tin khdng glan, cho du dd la n h l cung cap chfnh hay phu. Cdc muc tidu eua ehinh sdch la: Thuc d i y tinh minh bgeh trong finh vyc cdng bang each logi bd chl phi cua thdng tin nhu mdt rdo cin; bio dim quyln truy cap vao cac s i n phim va djch vu tren cd
sfi k h i nang ehi trd thdng tin khdng gian; thue day tinh nha't quan giDa cdc ITnh vyc cdng lidn quan d i n gia c l eae san pham va djeh vu thdng tin khdng glan; thDc day nguyen tac Bathe Pele cung eip g i i tri tiln t§ cho ngudi sD dung; khuyen khich tao viee lam va cdc hogt ddng kinh te thdng qua viec sCf dyng kinh doanh cDa thdng tin khdng gian vdi gia cd phdi chdng tU nguIn tal nguydn dfl lidu cua ITnh vyc cdng.
Cae nguyen tae chfnh cDa chfnh sdch nay la: ThDc day eae nguyen tae eOa dD lieu md va tang tfnh pho cap tdi dD lieu, dac biet la dD lieu cDa cac to chDc cdng; bat budc ddi vdi cde nhd quan ly dO lieu cd sfi vd ele nha quin ly dD lidu; thdng tin khdng gian dugc thu thap vd duy tri bfii to ChDc ITnh vyc cdng vd dogc dDa vao kho lUu trfl tD NSNN, dd la hdng hda cdng; cd du dieu kidn truy cap thdng tin khdng glan; tfnh nhd't qudn gifla ede to chDe edng trong vide djnh gia thdng tin khdng gian; thdng tin khdng glan khdng dUOc coi eae la nguon thu nhdp cDa to chDc ^nh vyc edng.
Chfnh saeh cOng phan biet rd hai loai san phim va djch vu thdng tin khdng glan dUdc eung cap bfii cae to chDc fTnh vue cdng. Logi thD nhat Id s i n pham ed sin tD to ChDe. Chung thudng dUpc lldt ke trong so sdch ho sd cua t l chUe, dupe chuin bj trong Dilu 14 cua Dao luat Thue diy tilp can thdng tin nam 2000 va dUdc sDa doi hang nam. Logi thD hai bao gom cac san pham va dich vu ma t l chDe tuy biln eho khaeh hang theo yeu clu cy the (cdn ggi II san pham vd dieh vy gia tri gia tang).
D i l vdi sin pham vd djch vu ed s i n (cdn dUdc goi sin pham theo tleu chuan): Chinh sach v l
djnh gia cac s i n pham va dich vu nay phai phD hdp vfii eae quy djnh cOa Dgo luat Thue day tiep can thdng tin nam 2000. Ve ed b i n , ehi phi duge ehi t r i eho to chDc d l lam eho thdng tin cd sin trong djnh dgng dUde ydu eau eua ngUdi dDng. Nguyen t i e chi'nh nay dugc gpi t i t Id chi phf hoan thdnh theo ydu eau ngUdi dung (COFUR). Nguydn tie COFUR dugc sD dung trong fTnh vDc cdng d l xdc dinh gia eho cde s i n phim va dich vu thdng tin khdng gian cd sdn dya tren viec thu hll chi phitD lieu sD dung eho viee sao chep. In I n , ehuan bj cdng van, buu chinh vd ddng gdi.
Chinh sdch eOng quy djnh: T l ChDe ITnh vuc cdng cd the cung cap s i n pham va djeh vu thdng tin khdng glan thap hdn gid COFUR. Thdng thufing, eac cO quan nha nudc sD dung thdng tin khdng glan deu phai trd phi.
Trong trudng hgp dac biet, Bd trufing ed tham quyln miln hoac giim mdt phan chi phf. Cac eht phf sau day cd the dugc sD dyng trong viec xac djnh chi phi cDa san phim hoac d|ch vu: NguIn nhan iDc, tu lieu, trang thilt bj, dien, nUdc, truyen thdng, giao thdng van tdi, t h u l neu ed, cac ehi phi phat sinh. Trong do, khdng bao gom chl phi thdng tin khdng gian cd s i n .
Khi sin pham (hoac dich vu dae biet) dang trong qua tinh chuan bj cho khaeh hdng va sau dd cd khaeh hang mdi yeu c l u san pham tUPng ty, thi viee cung d p them cdc sin phim phii phu hdp vdi eac nguyen tac COFUR va khdng tinh phi day du. Neu khaeh hang mdi ddi hfii sin phim dUdc ehuan bj trUde dd cd them ele lya chpn khae thi khaeh hdng chi phai tra chl phi cua cac lUa ehpn dd.B
Tai nguyen yg Mdi trLPOng | Kyi-Thang 5/2016 4 7