TAP CHf Y DUgC HQC CAN THg - SO 11-12/2018
Thgnh, Qugn Cdi Rdng. Thdnh phd Cdn Tha. Boi tu^g vd phuang phdp nghiin cuu: Nghien cuu mo td cdt ngang cd phdn tich tren 400 phy nir cd con du&i 5 tuoi. Sd liiu dugc thu thgp bdng phdng vdn true tiip ddi tugng v&i bg edu hdi sogn sdn kit hgp quan sdt thucte. Ket qua: Ty liphu nircd con du&i 5 tudi cd hin thdc dung la 57,3% vd thue hdnh ddng 94,3% vi CSSK thiit yeu tai gia dinh Nghien cuu cOng tim thdy mgt s6 moi liin quan cd y nghia thdng ke (p<0,05) nhu: giira kien thiic CSSK thiit yiu v&i trinh dg hge vdn (OR=1.690), nghi nghiip (OR^2,676); giOa thuc hdnh v&i nghi nghiep (OR=6,681). tinh trgng hdn nhdn (OR^5,110); giuu Men thuc vd thuc hdnh (OR=4,450). Ket lu^n:
Cdc hogt ddng truyin thong gido dye sue khde cdn dugc day mgnh han nOa di ndng cao kien thirc va nhdn thuc eho cdc bd me ve CSSK thiit yiu tgi gia dinh.
Tirkhda: Chdm sdc sue khdethiet yiu, kiin thirc. thuc hdnh, bdme.
ABSTRACT
KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE ON P R I M A R Y H E A L T H C A R E AT HOME OF W O M E N HAVING CHILDREN U N D E R 5 YEARS O L D
IN THUONG T H A N H W A R D , CAI R A N G DISTRICT, CAN T H O CITY IN 2017
Le Nguyen Tri Nhan , Chau Lieu Trinh^
1. Doctor of Preventive Medicine graduated in 2017 2. Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Background: Knowledge and practice basic of primary health care have essential role important and nesecsary for people and especially, for the women whose take care of their children and families[9],[10]. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of woman whose children under 5 years old having correct knowledge, practice in the primary health care at home.
2. To find out some related factors to knowledge, practice of women whose children under 5 years old about primary health care at home in Thuong Thanh ward. Cai Rang district. Can Tho City.
Materials and methods: A cross - sectional study on 400 women whose children under 5 years old. The data was collected by direct interviews subjects with prepared questionnaires combined with actual observations. Results: The prevalence of woman whose children under 5 years old having correct knowledge was 57.3% and correct practice was 94.3% about primary health care at home. The study also found that there were many significant associations (p<0.05) such as:
Between primary health care knowledge and education level (OR=1.690). occupation (OR^2.676), Between practice and occupation (0R= 6.681), marital status (0R= 5.111), between knowledge and practice (OR=4.55). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, il is recommended that the strengthening of health education programs in order to improve mothers' perception and knowledge about primary health care at home.
Keywords: Primary health care, knowledge, practice, woman I. DAT VAN DE
C6ng tac cham soc siic khoe ban ddu (CSSKBD) c6 vai tro quan trpng trong sir ngluep cham soc, bao ve va nang cao sue khoe nhan dan, la mpt phdn rat quan trgng ciia chien luge phat trien ddt nuoc, la yiu t l ca ban d l ndng cao chdt lugng cu6c song cua con nguoi, cua tftng gia dinh va toan xa hgi [1] [10]. Voi tdm quan trgng do, Dang va Nha nuoc da rat chii trgng trong cong tac nay, tiiong qua viec ban hanh cac chinh sach ho ttg y t& tot nhat nhdm nang cao sue khoe nguoi ddn, trong do c6 linh vuc ba me tr6 em. Cong tac CSSK ba me tre em da dat ra muc tieu nang cao kiln thftc va thyc hanh diing cua nguoi me trong viec cham soc tre 6 nhftng giai doan ddu doi da dugc thuc hiSn o tdt ca cic dia phuong thong qua cac kenh truyin thdng [2],[4], trong do co phutmg Thu6ng Thanh.
TAP CHf Y Dirgrc HQC d^N THg - s6 11-12/2018
Vi v^y, chiing toi tien hanh nghien cuu nay dl c6 bg chi so nen vl cham soc sftc khoe thiet ySu tai gia dinh cua phuong Thudng Thanh la rSt cdn thidt dl tft do co nhung can thiep phii hgp cho nhihig giai doan tilp theo.
Muc tieu:
1. Xac dinh ty 1? cac phu nft co con duoi 5 tuoi co kien thftc, thuc hanh diing vl cham soc siic khoe thilt yiu tai gia dinh tai t^ phuang Thuong Thanh, quan Cai Rang, tiianh phi Cdn Tho nam 2016.
2. Tim hieu mgt so yiu tl lien quan den kien thuc va th\rc hanh vl cham soc sue khoe thiet yeu tai gia dinh ciia cac ph\i nft c6 con duoi 5 tuoi tai tai phucmg Thuang Thanh, quan Cai Rang, thanh phi Cdn Tho nam 2016.
II. DOI TU"gfNG VA PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
2.1. Doi tu-gng nghien cihi: Nhiing nguai m? co con duci 5 tuoi true tiep cham soc con minh sinh song tren dia ban Thucmg Thanh, Cai Rang, Thanh phi Cdn Tha
Tieu chudn chon vdo: Nguoi me co con duoi 5 tuoi co hg khau thuong tni (it nhat la 6 thang) tai phuong Thucmg Th^inh, c6 m^t tai thoi diem nghien cftu.
Tieu chudn logi ra: Nguoi me khong co kha nang tra loi cau hoi phong van (benh ly tam thdn, cam, diec...), vang mat (sau 3 lan ghe tham) trong thai diem nghien cihi;
- Thai gian nghien ciiu: Tu thang 10 nam 2016 den thang 4 nam 2017 2.2. Fhuroug phap nghien cuu
- Thiit ke nghien ciru: Nghien cftu mo ta cat ngang c6 phdn tich - Cd mdu: Ap dung theo cong thuc:
2 p x ( l - p )
" = ^ - J
d^voi a=0,05, d=0,05, p=0,379 (theo nghien cftu ciia tac gia Biii Trung Nghia [7]) Thay vao cong thuc va du trii hao hut 10%. Co mSu tinh dugc la n^OO - Phuang phdp chgn mdu: chpn mlu ngdu nhien he thong vai he s6 k^2 - Noi dung nghien ciru:
+ Thong tin chung vl kinh tl - xa hgi cua nguai me, tinh hinh benh tat cua tre trong nam qua.
+ Kiln thuc, thuc hanh ciia nguai me vl CSSK thiet yeu tai nha cho gia dmh + Kiln thiic, thuc hanh ciia nguoi me vl CSSK thilt yeu t?i nha cho tre.
+ Nguin tilp can thong tm siic khoe vl CSSK thiet yiu
- Cdng cu thu thdp sd lieu: b6 cau hoi ph6ng vdn true tilp d6i tugng - Xu iy vaphdn tich so lieu: Nhap va xu ly so lieu bang phdn mem SPSS 18.0.
UL KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ
3.1. Dac diim chung cua dii tirong nghien ciru (DTNC)
T6ng sl CO 400 ph\i nft co con duoi 5 tuoi tham gia nghien cftu, trong do hon mgt niia sl dii tugng o do tuli hi 26 din 35 tuli (60,5%), da sl ngudi Kinh (98,8%), khong theo ton giao (82,3%) va tiinh do hpc vdn cdp 2 (43,5%). Nghe nghiSp la n^i trg (50%) va can b6, cong nhan, vi6n chftc (25, 3%). Da sl ba me thufic dien icinh te khdng ngheo (94,7%) va sl nguoi me co m^t tre duoi 5 tuoi chiim 80,5%. Trong nam qua, so tre tftng mdc benh la 69%, trong d6 benh viem duong ho hap (61,5%).
297
TAP CHfY DiryC HQC CAN THg - S6 11-12/2018
NguIn tilp can th6ng tin ve CSSK thiet yeu ciing nhu kenh truyin thong dugc dii tuong tin c^y nhdt chu yiu la tu can bO y te (tiep can:78,8%, tin cay: 68%); kl din la kgnhtmylnhinh (64,3%; 31,3%).
3.2. Kien thirc, thirc hanh diing ve CSSK thiet yeu tai gia dbih cua DTNC 3.2.1 Kiln thu-c d^ng ve CSSK thiet yeu t^i gia dinh ciia phi^ DU CO con du-od 5 tu5L
Bang 3.1. Kiln tiiftc vl CSSKSS, ATVSTP, nuoc sach ve sinh moi truong ciia BTNC Noi dung
Cham soc Site khoe smh san
Nuac sach Ve sinh moi tnrcmg
Cham soc trong thai ky Che dp dinh duSng trong thai ky So lan kham thai toi thieu Cac bien phap tranh thai Nguon nude hop v6 sinh Nuac dimg cho an uong Nha tieu h(?p ve sinh Xii ly rac thai h(?p ve sinh
Tong
Bung n (%) 303 (75,8) 148 (37,0) 357 (89,3) 219(54,8) 114(28,5) 133 (33,3) 359 (89,8) 367(91,8) 243 (60,8)
Chua diing n (%)
97 (24,2) 252 (63,0) 43 (10,7) 181(45,2) 286(71,5) 267 (66,7) 41 (10,2) 33 (8,2) 157(39,2) Ty 1$ nguai me c6 kien thftc diing che dp cham soc trong thai ky va s6 lan kham thai tii thilu khi mang thai chiim 75,8% va 89,3%. Chi c6 1/3 so ba me c6 hilu biit diing nguon nuac hgp ve sinh (28,5%), nuoc diing cho an uong (33,3%).
Bang 3.2. Kien thuc ve CSSK tre em, tiem chung va cai tiiien tinh trang dinh duong N6i dung
Cham soc siic khoe tre em
Cai thien tinh tr^ng dinh duong Tiem chiing ma rpng
Cham soc tre bj sot Cham soc tre bj tieu chay Cham soc tre bi viem ducmg ho hap Lgi ich viec nuoi con bang sua me 4 nh6m thyc pham chinh Phong b?nh suy dinh duong cho tre Lgi ich cua vi?c tiem ngira day du va dung lich
Ljch tiem chiing cho tre Cac b^nh tre dugc tiem ngua
Ting
Bung n(%) 195 (48,8) 179(44,8) 197(49,3) 97 (24,3) 352 (88,0) 163 (40,8) 131 (32,8) 206(51,5) 231(57,8) 215 (53,8)
Chira dung n(%) 205(51,2) 221 (55,2) 203 (50,7) 303 (75,7) 48 (12,0) 237 (59,2) 269(67,2) 194(48,5) 169(42,2) 185 (46,2) Co 24,3% ba me co kien thiic diing ve nuoi con bang sua me, hieu biet phong b?nh suy dinh duong cho tie la 40,8%. S6 ba me nh6 dugc ljch tito chimg, cac benh tre duoc tito Chung voi ty 1$ ISn luot la 51,5% v4 57,8%.
Ket qua bieudS 3.1 cho thdy cac ba me co kidn thiic diing v6 cac n6i dung CSSK cho tri chiam ty le xip xi nhau dao d^ng trong idioang tii 51,5% dia 66,5%.
TAP CHi Y DirgfC HQC CAN THq - S6 11-12/2018
fl-r^o
CSSK va Cai lIii?B tinli trai^ dinh
diroEg
Phong chong Sot xuat huyet
Phdiig chong
Tieu chay cap Tiem chug Phong choag TNTT
I
Ma nJDg
Bieu do 3.1. Kien thftc diing ciia ba me ve cac npi dung CSSK thiet yeu cho tre 3.2.2. Th^x hanh dung ve CSSK thiet yeu t^i gia dinh cua phu njr co con diroi 5
Bang 3.3. Thuc hanh ve CSSK thiet yeu cho phu nii va gia dinh cua DTNC N6i duDg
Cham soc siic khoe sinh san (CSSKSS) An toan ve sinh thuc pham Nuac sach ve sinh moi truang
T6iig
Bung n 296 396 376 388
74,0
%
99,0 94,0 97
Chua dung n 104
4 24 12
26,0
%
1,0 6,0 3,0 So phu nft CO con duoi 5 tuoi thuc hanh diing ve CSSKSS; An toan ve sinh thuc phSm va Nuoc sach ve smh moi tnrong dat ty le kha cao. Ve thuc hanh diing CSSKSS la 74%, trong do, 35,2% doi tugng nghien cftu co kham phu khoa dinh ley va 70,8% ap dung 01 bien p h ^ tranh thai an toan.
Bang 3.4.Thuc hanh vl TCMR va CSSK cai tiiien dmh du5ng ciia DTNC Npi dung
Tiem chiing mo rgng CSSK va cai thien
Tinh trang dinh duong tre em
Cat gift phieu/ so tieu chung Ti6m chung day du cho tre Tiem chiing dftng lich cho tre Cho tre bii/an dam diing each Cung cap dii 4 nhom thuc pham Su dung bieu do tang truong
Dung n ( % ) 369 (92,2) 332 (83,0) 307 (76,8) 350 (87,5) 344 (86) 147 (36,8)
Chna dung n ( % )
31 (7,8) 68 (17,0) 93 (23,2) 50 (12,5) 56 (14) 253 (63,2) Phan lon ba me thuc hanh diing ve tiem chiing mo rpng, cham soc sue khoe va cai flu6n dinh duong cho tre tai nha chiim ty le tii 76,8% - 92,2%. Chi co 36,8% nguoi me c6 su dung bilu d6 theo doi tang trudng cho tre.
Tren V* nguoi me co th\rc hanh dting CSSK thiet yeu cho tre tai nha trong do phong ch6ng tiSu chay cap chiem ty le cao nhat 95% (Bi6u d6 3.2)
299
TilLP CHf Y Dirqrc HQC C&N i n g - so 11-12/2018
I
8 3 , S % '• '""I
CSSK va Cai tht?n tinh a ^ g dinh dudng
Phdng chftng S61 \iiat hoyet
Pilling cboiiE Tieu cliay cap
Ph6ne chong TNTT
BiSu do 3.2. Thirc hanh cua ba me ve cham soc sftc kh6e cho tie 3.3. Mdt so yeu to lien quan den kien thuc, thu-c hiknh \k CSSK thiet yeu ciia doi tirgng nghien cmi
Ket qua bang 3.5 cho thay:
Cac ba me co trinh dp hgc vSn tren cap 3 se c6 ki6n thuc cao han nhftng nguoi me co tiinh dp duoi cap 3. Su khac biet nay co y nghia thong ke (OR=l,953; p=0,001).
Cac ba m? la cdn bO, c6ng nhan, vien chftc se co kien thftc cao gap 2,036 lan vai cac ba me buon ban; gap 3,002 lan voi nguai me la ngi trg va 2,491 lan so voi ba me c6 n g ^ nghe khac. Moi lien quan nay co y nghia thSng ke (p<0,05)
Hai yeu to rmy dugc dua vao mo hinh hoi quy da bien logistic cho thay trinh dp hpc van va ngh^ nghi$p co moi lien quan that su den kien thftc. Trong d6, trinh d6 hgc van voi 0R=1,690; p^0,018 va nghg nghiep 6 R - 2 , 6 7 6 ; O R < 0 , 0 0 1.
Bang 3.5. M6i lien quan gifta ki§n thftc CSSK t h i k y ^ u v a dac diSm ciia DTNC Dac diim
Kien thue Dung n(%)
Chua diing n(%)
Dim bi^n OR KTC 95%
P
9 a bi^n OR KTC 95%
P Trinh 6^ h^c van
>cap3
<cap3
107(66,9) 122(50,8)
53 (33,1) 118(49,2)
1,953
1,289-2,958 0,001 1,690
1,095-2,608 0,018 Nghe nghiSp
CB, CN, VC Buon ban
Npi trg Khac
75 (74,3) 34 (58,6) 98 (49,0) 22 (53,7)
26 (25,7) 24(41,4) 102(51,0) 19(46,3)
2,036
-
1,024-4,048 3,002 1,776-5,076
2.491 1.166-5,321
-
0,043
<0,001 0.018
-
2,676 1,567-4,571
-
<0.001
Bang 3.6. Moi liSn quan gifta thuc hanh vk CSSK tiugt v^u {>^c diem
Thuc hanh Dung n(%)
Chira dung n(%)
va dac diem ciia DTNC Barn bien
OR KTC 95%
P
Da bi£n OR KTC 95%
P
TAP CHf Y Dl/t^C HQC CXN THO - SO 11-12/2018 Nghe nghiep
CB, CN, VC Khac
98 (97,0) 35 (85,4)
3 (3,0) 6(14,6)
5,600
1,329-23,604 0.019 5,110 1,096-23,829 0,038 Tinh trang hon nhan
Song ciing chong
Goa, ly di, ly than
358 (95,0) 19(82,6)
19 (5,0) 4(17,4)
3,967
1,228-12,817 0,035* 6,681 1,735-25,728 0,006 Kien thirc
Dung Chua dung
223 (97,4) 154 (90,1)
6(2,6) 17 (9,9)
4,103
1,582-10,642 0.02 4,450 1,637-12,100 0,003
* Fisher's exact test
Ket qua cho thdy qua phan tich hoi quy da bien logistic thi yeu to tinh trang h6n nhan (OR=6,681; KTC 95% OR: 1,735 - 25,728; p=0,006), nghd nghiep (OR=5,U0;
KTC 95% OR: 1,096 - 23,829; p<0,038), kien tiiftc (OR=4,450; KTC 95% OR: 1,637 - 12,100; p=0,003) c6 lien quan den thurc hanh dftng ve CSSK thiSt yeu cua nguoi me.
IV. BAN LU4JV
4.1. Kien thvc ve CSSK thiet yeu tai gia dinh cila p b ^ nft co con duoi 5 tuoi Ki8n thftc chung vh CSSK thilt y§u t ^ gia dinh ciia nhijng nguai me co con duoi 5 tuoi dat 57,3%, ty le nay cao hon so voi nghien cftu ciia tac gia Bui Tnmg Nghia [7]
(37,9%), Y DSch Bu6n-ya [3] (18,6%) va thap hon so voi nghi6n cftu cua tac gia Nguyen Van Len [6] (65%).
- Chdm sdc sue khde sinh sdn: 75, 8% nguoi me co hieu biet dftng trong cham soc trong thai ky. Kk qim nay cao hon so vdi nghien cftu ciia Bin Trung Nghia (29,1%). So nguoi me cho bi^t dung s6 lan klmm thai t6i tiiu trong thai kJ la 89,3% va 37% biet dugc che dp dinh duSng diing khi mang tiiai, kk qua nay cao hem so voi Nguyen Mmh Thu va Phan Cong Dudn (77,5&; 36,1%) [8]. Tuy nhiSn, s6 ba me hilu biet vh cac bien phap tranh thai (54,8%) tiiap hon so v6i tac gia neu tren (99%).
-Nude sgch ve sinh moi trudng: Han 2/3 s6 ba me co ki^n thftc chua dftng vh ngu6n nuoc, c\i thi nuac hgp ve sinh (71,5%), diing cho an uong (66,7%). Ty le nay 6 mftc cao so va dang bao dong so voi dia ban sinh hoat ciia nguoi dan tai DBSCL. Do do, van de cung cap kien thuc cho ba me ve nguon nuac sach dung ftong sinh hoat, an u6ng va hilu biit v l tac hai, duang lay, nguyen nhan cua mOt so benh ly duong tieu hoa, da niem anh huong d i n sftc khoe la rat can thiet.
- Chdm sdc sire khde va cdi thien tinh trgng dinh dudng cua tre: chi co 24,3% ba me hilt dugc lgi ich nuoi con bang sfta me, kit qua nay thap hon so voi tac gia Biii Trung NghTa (46,7%) r7[, Truang Thi Linh Giang (72,9%) [5], Day la diim can quan tam vi thilu hilu biit ve lgi ich nuoi con bang sGa me se lam nguoi me bo qua nguon dinh dudng dang quy cho tre. Ngoai ra, kien thftc ciia nguoi me ve cham soc tre khi benh dat khoang 50%, trong do cham soc khi tre s6t (48,8%) va tieu chay (44,8%) va cham soc khi tre bi viem ho h i p cap (49,3%). Ket qua chiing toi lim thay tuong duong voi tac gia Biii Trung NghTa (s6t; 44,7% va tieu chay:45,3%) [7]. Viem duong ho hkp va tieu chay cap la hai benh thuang gap nhat 6 tre em. Ehigc biet, tai nai nghien cuu nay, da s6 cac r ^ o i me khi tie bi benh tiiu6ng dua din co so y te dieu tri, it chii y din vi$c cham soc co ban nhu khi tre bi sot 301
TAP CHi Y DirpC HQC CAN THq - SO 11-12/2018
hay tieu chay tai nha. Do do can tang cuong cung cap cho nguai me kien tiiftc cham soc tai gia ^ n h khi tre benh cung nhu each theo doi xu tri mgt so b$nh tiiong thuang of tre.
- Tiem chung md rgng: C6 6 3 % nguai me co kien thftc diing v l TCMR, kit qua nghien cftu cua chiing toi thdp hon cua Nguyen Van Len [6] (75%). Trong do, 57,8% biit dugc cac benh chung ngua tiiap hon Nguyen Minh Thu va Le Cong Duan (63,4%) [8].
Hon mgt nfta s6 ba me k l diing lich tiem chung (51,5%). So ba m? chua biet dugc lgi ich cua viec tiem chung (32,8%). Tu cac kit qim tren chiing toi nhan thay b€n cgnh viec duy td cac hogt dgng truyen thong GDSK dang lam, tram nen thuang xuySn to chftc ma rgng cdc loai hinh truyin th6ng khac, dam bao nguoi dan co the tiep c ^ tot nhat va de dang nhat dl nang cao kiln thuc cua ban than.
4.2. Thu-c hanh chung v l CSSK thiet yeu taii gia dinh cua phu nu- cd con diroi 5 tuoi - Chdm soc sue khde sinh sdn: c6 74% nguoi me co thuc hien diing ve cham soc sftc khoe smh san. Cu thi 70,8% ba me co sft dung m6t bien phap tranh thai an t o ^ , ty le imy thap han so voi nghiSn cftu cfta tac gia Biii Trung NghTa [7] (90,7%). Ly giai cho diiu nay la rihb tac dpng khdng nho ciia cong tac tuyen truyen vgn dgng ke hoach hoa gia dmh da tang cuong thuc hien tot trong thoi gian qua.
Nghien cftu cua chiing toi tim thdy so nguoi me chua di kham phy khoa dinh ky con kha cao (64,8%). De giiip doi tugng thuc hanh CSSKSS tot, tram y te can con kl hoach cung cap kien thftc v l lgi ich cua viec kham phu khoa dinh ky giiip phat hien som va dieu tij kip thoi mpt so b?nh phu khoa nham nang cao sftc khoe sinh san.
- Tiem chung m& rdng: Nhin chung thuc hanh cua nhftng nguoi me v6 tiSm chiing ma rpng o mftc t6t, ty le th\rc hanh dat 83,8%, trong d6 92,2% ba me cat gift so tiSm chiing, cho tre tiem ddy du (83%) va diing lich (76,8%). So voi nghien cftu cua tac gia Biii Trung NghTa [7] ty le tiiuc hanh (88,4%) va gift philu/s6 tiem (95,1%). Ket qua cua chiing toi thap hon. Dieu nay cho thay cac ba me da co hanh dgng tich cue hon trong tiem phong bSnh cho tie va cong tac truyin thong giao due sftc khoe v6 tiem chiing noi day khd t6t.
- Chdm sdc sue khde vd cdi thien tinh trgng dinh duong tre em: gan 2/3 so doi tugng CO thuc hanh diing ve CSSK va cai thien tinh trang dinh duong tre em (72%). So vai thuc hanh cac npi dung CSSK thiet yiu trong nghiSn cftu thi ty le nay chua cao. VSn de nay dugc danh gia qua ty le nguoi me cho tre an dam diing each (87,5%) va cung cap 4 nhom thuc phdm trong bfta an (86%) dugc thuc hien kha t6t. Kit qua imy xap xi voi tac gia Biii Trung NghTa (90,2% va 89,4%) [7] va cao han nghien cftu cua Truang Thi Linh Giang, Nguyen Minh Thu va Phan Cong Dudn: ty le cho tre a n ^ u diing each (44,9% ya 43,9%) [5], [8]. S6 nguoi me c6 chdm, theo doi bilu d6 tang truong tie em con tiiSp (36,8%). Nhu vay, co hon mgt nfta sd ba me khong sft dung bilu d6 tang trudng. De thuc hien tot chuang trinh phong chfing suy dinh dudng tre em, can bp y t l cdn hudng dan cho cdc ba me each cham bilu d6, theo doi can nang cung nhu cdp phat day dii biSu do tiieo doi tang trudng cho cdc hg gia dinh c6 tre dudi 5 tu6i.
Nhin chung, ty le thirc hanh dting v l CSSK thilt yiu ciia phu nft co con dudi 5 tuli tai phudng Thudng TTianh rdt cao vdi 94,3%. Ty le nay cao han so vdi nghien cftu cua Biii Trung Nghia [7] tai Mai Ddm. Trong do, thuc hdnh CSSK cho ban tiian va gia dhih, co hon YA S6 dii tugng th\rc hanh tit, cao nhdt la ATVSTP (99%) va thdp nhdt la CSSK sinh san (74%). Vl cac npi dung CSSK cho tr^, ty le ngudi me co tiiuc hanh t6t nhdt v l phdng chong tiSu chay cdp va thdp nhdt v l CSSK va cai thiSn tinh trang dmh dudng tre em.
TiB^P CHf Y DirQfC H p c CAN T H O - SO 11-12/2018
So vdi kiln thftc chung v l CSSK thilt yiu cua ba me (54, 5%) tin thuc hanh CSSK cua hg tai gia dmh t6t hon (94, 3%). Giai thich su Idiac biet nay co thi do chiing toi ghi nhan y kien tra loi ciia cac ba me qua phong van true tiep trong thai gian ngan, co the ba me khong nhd va ke ra het nhftng dieu ma hp tftng biet. Thuc te quan sat cho thay, cac ba me lam dugc rat nhilu viec trong thuc hanh mgt so npi dimg CSSK thiet yeu tai gia dinh bdi VI day la nhung vi?c lam don gian, theo thoi quen hang ngay va kinh nghiem hpc dugc tft ngudi than hoac nhiing hp gia dinh xung quanh.
4.3. Mot so y i u to liSn quan den kien thu-c dung, thurc hanh dung cua d6i tirgng nghien cftu ve CSSK thilt yiu t^i gia dmh tr£n phSn tich md hinh da biin h^i quy logistic
Qua phan tich hoi quy da bien logistic cho thay yeu to tiinh dp hpc van (p=0,018) va nghe ngjiiep (p<0,001) co lien quan den kien thftc diing ve CSSK thiet yeu tai gia dinh ciia ngudi me. Dieu nay co nghia nhiing ngudi me co trinh dp hpc van tren cap 3, nganh nghe can bg, cong nhan, vien chftc se co co hgi dugc tiep nhan kien thftc CSSK thiet yeu nhilu hon de dang hon so vdi nhung doi tugng ngudi me co nganh nghe va trinh dg hpc van khac.
Phan tich h6i quy da biin logistic gifta thurc hanh va cac yeu to linh trang hdn nhan, nghi nghi?p, kiln thftc diing v l CSSK thilt yiu ciia ngudi me cho thdy cac yeu t l nay dlu CO m l i lien quan co y nghia thing ke (p<0,Q5) din tiiirc hanh diing ciia ngudi m?.
Nhftng ngudi me sinh s6ng ciing ch6ng se co thuc hanh cao hon nhftng ngudi me khac, vi ngudi chong co the phu giiip hg m6t s6 viec trong cham soc tie va gia ^ n h . Mac khdc, nghi nghiep va kien thftc cfta ngudi me ciing la nen tang de hp nhan thftc dugc nhiing vi?c lam tot cho sftc khoe hon.
V. KET L U A N
- Ty le phu nu co con dudi 5 tu6i co kiln thftc dftng la 57,3% va thuc hanh diing la 94,3% v l CSSK thilt yiu tai nha.
- Nghien cuu tim thdy mfii lien quan co y nghia thong k% tren mo hinh hoi quy da biin logistic (p<0,05) nhu la: liSn quan gifta kiln thftc CSSK thiet yiu tai gia dinh va ftinh dp hpc v ^ (OR=1,690), nghi nghiep (OR-2,676); gifta thuc hanh CSSK thilt yiu tai gia dinh va nghi nghiep (OR=6,681), tinh trang h6n nhan (0R=5,110); giua kiln tiiuc va thuc hanh CSSK thilt yeu tai gia dinh ciia nhftng ngudi me co con dudi 5 tuli (OR=4,450).
Kien nghj: Tang cudng cac hoat dgng truyin thong giao due sue khoe d l nang cao kiln thftc va nhan thftc ciia cdc phu nft co con dudi 5 tu6i v l CSSK thilt yiu tai nha.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Bp chinh tri (2005), Nghi quylt s6 46-NQ/TW "C6ng tac bao v?, cham soc va nSng cao sue khoe nhan dan trong tinh hinh moi", trang 2.
2. Bo Y tl (2011), Quyet djnh ve vi6c phe duy?t "Chuang trinh hanh dgng cong tac tuyen truyin giao dye siic kh6e giai doan 2011 -2015".
3. Y Denh Bu6n-ya (2014), Danh gia tiiuc ftang kiln thuc cham soc siic khoe thiet yiu ciia ngudi dan t^i tinh Kontum 2014, Bao cao 3ik tai NCKH cap co sd, Trang 6 -10.
4. T6ng Cue thing ke (2011), Bao cao diiu tra danh gia cac myc tifiu tre em va phy n& Viet Nam, uang 54.
303
Ti?LP CHI Y Dl/pC HQC CAN THO - s6 11-12/2018
5. Tnrong Thj Linh Giang (2014), Nghien cftu kien thuc, thai dp, thuc hanh nuoi con duoi 2 tuli cua cac ba me tgi phuang Phudc Thdi, quin O Mon thanh phi Can Tho, Lu|n vSn tit nghi$p Bac sT Y hpc du phong, Dal hpc Y Dugc Cdn Tha.
6. Nguyin Van Len (2012), Khao sat Kiln thiic vl Cham soc siic khoe thilt yiu tai gia dinh va cpng ding cua ngudi dan Ba Rja - Vung Tau Tap ky yeu cac dl tai nghien cmi khoa hpc cua he tmyIn thong giao due sure khoe nam 2012, Bg Y Tl, Ha NOi, 2013.
7. Bui Trung N^Ta (2015), Nghien cftu kien thiic, thyc hanh vl cham soc sue kh6e thilt yiu t p gia dinh cua phy nft c6 con dudi 5 tuoi tai thj tran Mai Dam, huy?n Chau Thanh, tinh Hau Giang, Luan van tot nghiep Bac sT Y hpc Dy phong, DH Y Dugc Can Tha.
8. Nguyin Minh Thu & Phan Cong Dudn (2012), Thuc trang kiln thuc, thyc hanh trong bao ve, cham soc siic khoe ngudi dan tai tinh Quang Nam nam 2012, TSp ky yeu cac de tai nghienciiukhoahpccuahetmyen thong GDSK nam 2012, Bp YTe, Ha Noi, 2012.
9. Alma-Ata. (1978). Primary Health Care: Ahna-Ata, Kazakhstan.
10. WHO (2008), The World Health Report.
(Ngdy nhdn bdi: 15/11/2017 - Ngdy duyit ddng: 08/01/2018)
NGHIEN CUtJ KIEN THlTC, THAI B O V A THU*C H A N H NUOI CON BANG S C A M E C U A C A C B A M E C O C O N D l T d l 24 T H A N G TUOI T ^
THI TRAN P H O N G DIEN V A X A T A N T H O I H U Y f N PHONG DIEN, T H A N H P H 6 C A N T H O , N A M 2016
Nguyin Tran Ngpc Minh Thu^, Chau Liiu Trinh^' 1. Trung tdm Yte d{ephdng tinh VTnh Long 2. Trudng Dgi hgc YDu^c Cdn Tha
*Email: [email protected] TOM TAT
Ddt van de: Nudi con bdng siia me (NCBSM) la mgt biin phdp tu nhiin nhimg vd cung hiiu qua di bdo vi sue khde ba m^ va tre em. Kiin thuc, thdi dg vd thirc hdnh NCBSM dung cua ngudi me rdt quan trgng nhdm ddm bdo cho suphdt triin todn di?n cua tre. M^c tieu nghien cuu:
1. Xdc dinh ty 1^ bd me cd con dudi 24 thdng cd kiin thuc, thdi dg vd thuc hdnh dung vi nudi con bdng sua m? (NCBSM) 2. Tim hieu mgt sd yeu td lien quan thuc hdnh chua dung vi nudi con bdng sira me cua bd m? tgi thi trdn Phong Bien vd Xa Tdn Th&i. Phong Diin, Cdn Tha. DSI tupmg va phuffng phdp nghien cuu: Nghien ciru cdt ngang md td. liin hdnh phdng van trin 268 bdme cd con dudi 24 thdng tuSi tgi thi trdn Phong Biin vd xd Tdn Th&i. Ket qud: Ty li ba me cd kiin thuc chung dung NCBSM Id 19%. cd thdi dg chung dung la 85, l%vd thuc hdnh dung ve NCBSM la 36,2% Nghien cuu tim thay mdi liin quan cd y nghia thong ki giiia thuc hdnh NCBSM chua dung_
vd trinh dg hgc vdn (p=0,002), nghe nghiep cua me (p<0.05), phuang phdp sinh (p=0,02), so thdng sinh tre (p=0.008), ngu&i quyit dinh vi^c th\tc hdnh NCBSM (p=0,02), kien thue (p<O,001) vd thai dg (p^0,021) cua cdc bd me ed con du&i 24 thdng tudi. Ket lu&n: Cdn bg y te cdn tang cu&ng truyen thong ndng cao kiin thuc, thdi dg, tlnrc hdnh dung nudi con bdng siia mp cua cdc ba me c6 con dudi 24 thdng tudi.
Tu khda: Nudi con bdng sira me, kiin thuc, thdi dg, thuc hmh, bd m?
