Tap chi so 16. ihang 02-2016, tmdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyan

Tap chi so 16. ihang 02-2016, tmdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyan ISSN 18S9-4fi^^

D I N H iNGU" N G H E T H U A T T R O N G T H O X U A N D I E U

Vu Hoing Cic"

Ngdy nhan bar 07/12/2015; Ngdy phan bien thong qua: 12/01/2016; Ngay duyel dang: 2O/O1/20I6

Djnh ngu nghe ihual la mol phuong tien lu tir ngu nghia ciia nghe ihuat tho ca. Trong tha minh, Xuin Diau da Sli dung rdi ihanh cong phuong lien tu tu nay, khong chi phong phu ve so lugng ma con da d^ng va mat biau hien, co sue goi hinh goi cam cao, dem dan cho ngudi dgc nhung han tudng thii vi, bk ngi.

Ddy Id mot frong nhung phucmg dien the hien phong each tha Xuan Dieu.

Tir khda: dinh ngir nghi ibiidl, tha. Xudn Diiu.

I . M O D A U

Dinb ngir nghe thudt la "mol phuang thuc ehuyan nghia, Irong do, mpi tir (hoac mpt cum lu) dong vai Iro phu nghia cho mol tu (hoac cum tir) khac nham lara noi bai mot dac diam nao do cua doi nrpng 6e lao nan an luong tham mT' (3; fr. 119- 120). Trong nhiau lac pham nghe thudt, vai tro lao nghia cua phucmg lien nay co mot vi tri vo ciing quan trpng.

Khong phai ngau nhien ma Xudn Dieu dupc menh danh la "nha each mang ngon tir", 6 ong, su lim loi sdng lao frong biau hien chua bao gid Id dil. Xuan Dicu luon lim each Iha hien da limg lir timg chir minh vict ra d^u mdi va la. Bdi vay, irong Iho ong, dinh ngu ngha Ihual vo cttng dpc dao, khong chi phong phii va so lucmg ma con da dgng VS bicu hien Khao sal 15 lap iho ciia ong (Irong cuon Todn tdp tha Xudn Diiu (tap 1) - Nha xuat ban van hoc. Ha Npi, 200! do Nguyen Bao suu lam, bicn soan vd gidi Ihieu), chimg loi nhan thay CO 1315 dinh ngu nghe ihual. Tim hidu gia tq cua phuong dien nghe ihual nay Irong tha Xuan Dicu ciing Id mpt hudng di day thii vi.

2. CAU TAO VA GIA TRI CUA DINH N G L T NGHE TIIUAT TRONG T I I O XUAN DIEU 2.1. Cau tgo ciia djnh ngir nghi ihugt trong thff Xuan Dieu

a Dmh ngu nghe thudl co cau tao Id mot tir Trong Iho Xuan Dicu. so dmh ngu nghe ihual CO kei cdu Id mdt lu chiam mot li frong ldn chiam khodng 90% (1183 d,nh ngu nghe Ihual) trong long so dinh ngu nghe thudi cua 15 tap iho ong Day Id mpt loai dinh ngir mang gid iri thdm my rat cao No hoi tu ral nhiau su sang iao va su min cam trong vice su dung ngon ngu ciia lac gia No la nhmig bai ngd ve "lir phap" ma lac gia da day cong gp, dua, Vi du nhu: Hoa thu nhdl co mit 'nnhbach (Tmh ihu nhat). Cay tim nghieng xu6ng

nhdnh hoa gdx (Vdi ban tay ay), Thi hai tri?u i hoa mong lung (Trang TSy Nguyen), Ld ngdn, rung rinh ndng xi (Mot cai ao d Thai Binh), Nhir budm dien m o khudl mpt dai hoa (Thii dfi dSm mudi chin), Nlii xoa strong biec. dSng theu ning vang (Tang nha tho Pa Thel Lao: Xom xi), Ning nhd bang khuang chieu Id thi (Thu). Con gio sink Ihi thao trong la biic (Vpi vang), Chieu god kh6ng em Ianh leo sao (Hit ngay hit thang), Nira ngay xinh dep da lieu tan (Gid tan), Biin ddng kh6ng nguoi nfii khat them (Vo bien). Day chiim mng nha, khdm yeu dtrong. Day nu ma mong d^ri inh suong. Day em cdnh then ISn cdnh thuang (Dflng), Tinh Ihoi gio mdu yeu ien phSp phdi {Giyc gia), Cho den bay gid mdng chin au (Luu hpc sinh), Tan mac phuong ngan lac gid cam (Giri hinmg cho gio), Suang trinh rai kin tii ngufin yau thuong (Chiau), Nau bo duoc trdi long cho gio cuon (Th4 than), S<r/ buon se vdi ta hm liiven (Phoi frai), N4y lang nghe cm khiic nhgc tham. Hay t^r buong cho khiic nhgc hudng (HuySn Dieu), Lai biSc dSu to nhdnh ddv ihi (Vudn Thuan Vi)...

Mfi hinh kit hop ciia danh tir Irung iSm vdi losJ dinh ngQ nghe tim^l nay gdm ba dang: danh ti + danh tir (dam ngoc, trai long, noi tinh, hoa ai tinh, bien di dn...), danh tii + linh tir (biSn ddng, nhjic hudng, chiau la Ihi...) va danh tir + dpng tir (m$ng chin au, canh Ihen, canh thuang, chiim mong nh6, khom yiu duang, spi buon...). Day la mpi diem rat rieng ciia "nha each mang ngfin tir" frong thi dan Viet Nam. Thong thudng chiing la bSl g ^ mo hinh danh lir + linh tir hoac danh tu + danh Iif trong kci ciu dmh ngu cung nhu djnh ngu ngh^

Ihuat. Nhung d Xuan Dieu, ta khdng chi thay hai mo hinh Ircn ma cdn ihdy mot mfi hinh d ^ bi^

danh lir + dong lir.

/ lao Id mqt cum lir, mgt cpw b Dinh ngO' co c

chu - vi

Cau lao ciia dmh ngu nghe thu^t trong Iho ThS. khoa Supham . inrong Da, hoc Tdy Nguyin

Tac gui ben l,i Vu Hocmg Cue DT 09349977n c- , ,

^ ^i'c, UI U9J49977I2, Emad: hoangcucbm!@gmail.o

M.

T^p chi sd 16, thang 02-2016, tiudng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen

ISSN 1859-4611 Xuin Dieu r i l da dang, nd khdng dirag lai d gidi

ban la mdt ni, mdt cum tu ma cdn rad rdng ra thanh cau._Nhu vay, d i bd sung y nghia cho mot tu, lam "day" cho "cdu friic nghe thuat" ciia tu, lac gia da tao ra nhung thanh phdn Idn hon ca tit. Tuy nhien, so lugng cua loai dinb ngii ngha ihual nay chi chiem 10% (132 dinh ngu nghe thuat) trong tong so dinh ngir nghe thuat ciia tho dng.

N i u frong phan djnh ngii nghe thuat la tir Xuan Dieu da the hien mfit "con mit tinh ddi" frong viec lua chpn tir ngii fren frue lien Urdng thi d day dng Iai the hien mpt "ban lay lai hoa" frong viec xay dap ngfin tir tren frue kit hgp. Xuan Dieu da dua den cho ta nhiing k i t hgp phi logic thong ihudng mang nhieu gia tri nghe thuat. ChSng ban nhu: Hai mpt dda hoa cirdi chum rhim (Xuan ben Ho Tay), Soi chung mpt cai hd Balkan mrdc sdng imn^ th,i^, m^ (Nam muoi nam Lien bang Xd Viit), Ddt nu&c lam hy sinh se nd nu cudi tuyet dep (Muon thud Bae Ho), Va suong Sy la md hoi gid rdt (Tiing gio).

Chiiu bilhuangrang siic keo m M ; i r ( S a t ) Tfli Id A f ™ ° ^^' ? ' ^'^ ^^' "°' ^^'^ '^^ ^^'= ^^«' con na- bi chiiu ddnh h^ (Khi c h i k siana ludil ? l V"^ ' ^ ° " ^ ' ' " ^ ""^ ' " ' " ^ ^ ™ g ^^'^^

'^o" "^' hi chiiu ddnh brrri (Khi chiSu giang ludi).

Nha ken vang ong, ken bac ngai (Vudn Thuan V\)...

Md hmh ket hgp ciia danh ni frung tam vdi Ioai dinh ngir nghe thuat nay gfim hai dang: danh tir + cum tu (dda hoa cirdi chiim chim, Chiiu bi thuang) va danh tii + eau (hfl Baikan nuac sdng trong ihuy mi) Thong thudng, dinh ngu nghe thual chi dimg Iai d kel cau la cum tir nhung frong iha Xuan Dieu ta vin bat gap dang dinh ngii nghe ihual c6 kil ciu la mpt cpt cum chii vi (tuy nhien dang dinh ngir nay khdng dupe dng quan tam nhieu nen sfl luang eo phan han chi)

2.2. Gid tri cia dinh ngit nghi thugt trang tha Xuan Dieu

Dinh ngu nghe thuat gop phin khong nho vao viee lam nen ldi tao hinh dn tugng ttong iho Xuan Dieu. Nd khac hoa su vat hien tugng theo mol quy Iuat that dac biet. Nd tach cac su vai hien luang ra khoi nhiing dac dicm thdng thudng va khoac lan chung nhung sac mau "la lam".

Hay xem Xuan Dieu miau ta budi chiiu- N i n g nhd bang khuang chieu la ihi (Thu), Chiiu god khong em lanh leo sao (Hit ngay hii ihang), Chiiu bi Ihuong rang sue keo minh di (Sil) N i u noi chieu budn, chieu hiuquanh, chiiu hoang Ianh...

thi cung da cho la thiy hit dupc cai bi ihiit cua khoang thdi gian cudi cung ciia mpt ngdy Thi nhung, d day. bufli chiau mang nfii bufin din heo hon nhu nguoi con gai hi Id thi, din co dfic nhu ngudi mat di ban tram nam, mang noi dau nhu mdi ke dang cfi "keo minh di" vdi bao vii thuang ri mau Cac dinh ngu nghe thuat "Id ihi", "gda",

"bi thuong" di sau danh tir "bufli chiiu" that d i e

dia. Trudc den nay chi co Xuan Dieu mieu ta bufii chieu nhu the.

Xuin Dieu mieu ta hoa ciing vay. Ong mieu ta hoa nhu dang mieu ta mot khu vudn linh ai, bdi chiun hoa xia thanh "chiun mong nhd", nu hoa la

"ou m a mong", khdm hoa la "khdm yau duong", canh hoa thanh "canh then", "canh thuang". Dudi con mat ciia mfit ke dang yeu til ca d i u nhupm Iham "mau yeu" va ngap frong cai nao niic ciia sy dgi chd mong mdi. Cac dinh ngS nghe Ihuat

"mong nhd", " m o mong", "yeu duong", "then",

"thuang" da bien cay hoa frd thanh cay ai linh.

Cac bp phan ciia hoa da khdng con d thi gidi ciia thuc vat, no da budc sang lanh dia cua con ngudi va mang nhiing ve dep ciia con ngudi. T h i nhung ve dep "rat ngudi" i y eiia hoa that kho ma mieu la, li giai eho that cu thi.

Xuan Dieu khfing chip nhan mot kiiu mieu ta su vat hien nrong binh thudng nhu vfin cfl, dng dua chung vao mol ihi gidi that nfii bat, thai dac sic.

td chiic day an tupng. Day la li do khiin cho mfli khi dpc tho flng, ngudi yeu Iho lai mol lin am dnh timg cau chir Cac tir ngu khdng n i m frong fruong tir vung ngir nghia nhu Ie thudng, Chung da co sy ehuyen dieh frudng nghTa va tao nen nhiing kil hop khfing theo quy luat ihfing ihudng. Nhung kit hpp nay lufin khiin cho ngudi dpc phdi dung lai d i suy ngdm. Ngudi ta khfing khoi thic m i e v i nhung net nghTa dfli du diy mdi la md su kit hop mang den chotir cung nhu nhiing dac linh mdi me ma tu mang dan cho su vat hien lugng duac miau la.

Dmh ngir nghe thual khong chi thi hien ldi nang ngon ngir ciia ngudi lam iho, viit van ma cdn tha hien ca each nhin cupe sflng ciia hp. Dinh ngu nghe thuat frong tha Xuan Dieu cho la thiy mfit lai tha luflri nhin moi vai vdi con m i t ciia ngudi yeu cuoc song den d i m say vd "ihirc nhon" gidc quan de cdm nhan thi gidi xung quanh. Vi d i m say huong sac ciia ihi gidi nay cho nen Xuan Dieu mieu la m o u h i r den tan ciing ciia su yeu thuang, quan quyt. Ong da Iran trd lung con chir d i mieii ta " k h u v u d n fran gian" sao cho dep nhit va hroi mdi nhdl.

3. K E T LUAN

Dinh ngu nghe thudt la mfii phuong lien lu tu giau siic bieu hien. No dua din cho chung ta su hen mdng ddy thu vj v i nhung dac linh cua su vat hien tupng duoc miau td. Xuan Dieu da sir dung thanh cflng phuang lien nay trong viec "gieo"

chu frong tho Dmh ngij nghe ihuat frong Iho ong khong chi nhieu ve so luong ma con giau sire biiu cam Day la mfit irong nhimg phuong dian Iam nen phong each nghe ihuat iho Xuan Dieu 53

ilBBTO3J!E

Tap chi so 16, Ihang 02-2016, truong Dai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN I8S9.«li S U M M A R Y

,4RTISTIC E P I T H E T IX XUAJV' D I E U ' S P O E T R Y

Vu Hoang CiK>

Received Date: 07,'I2/2015; Revised Date. 12/01/2015, Accepted for Publicalion: 20/01/2016 Artistic epilhel is a means of rhetorical semantics ofpoehc art. In his poetiy, Xuan Dieu has verv successfully used Ihis rhetorical means which not only rich in quantity but also Ihe variety of expression having very high suggestive sensual form, giving readers a pleasant thought, unexpeeledly This is one ofthe ways shown poet Xuan Dieu style .

Keywords : art,s,ic epitlte,. poelry. Xuaa Diea.

TAI LIEU T I I A M K I I A O Nguyen Bao (2001), Todn tdp Xudn Dieu (tap I), Nxb Van hpc. Ha Noi.

Do Huu Chau (1999), Ttr vimg ngir nghia hing Vie,, Nxb GD, Ha Npi.

Le Ba Han, Trin Dinh Su, Nguyin Khic Phi chu bien (2007) - Ti, diin IhudI ngir vdn hoc NXB DHOG Ha Noi. • ' ^ ^ Nguyen Thai Hoa (2006), Tird,in ,u lu - phong cdch Ihi phdp hoc, Nxb GD.

^^<"' ""i?" ' , P h a n bicn 2 TS. Trurnig Thong Tuan T h S , T r j n Thi T h j m

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- -" 111^, I r a n i n i I nam Khoa Su Pham, Iruong DH Tiiy Nguyen Khoa Su Pham, Uuong DH Tay Nguyen

Dicn thoai: 0983624518 Dijn thoai: 0935410785 Email: truongthonguianggmail.com Email: uanthamdhtn(gyahoo.eom.vn

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