TAP CHi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Hodng Thi Thu Hiin vd tgk
V XAY DV^G BQ HOC LIEU VA MO HINH HUAN LUYEN H% THONG KI NANG MEM CHO SINH VIEN
KHOI NGANH SU* PH^M KI THUAT THEO HU*C«\G SU" PHAM Tl/ONG TAC H O A N G TH! THU H | £ N ' , BOI TH! BJCH', VO DJNH DUONG*,
N G U Y E N NHU" KHUaNG', NGUYEN THANH THUY"
TOM TAT
Hiin nay, sinh vien (SV) Viet Nam phdi ddi mat v&i viec thiiu ki ndng mim (KNM).
Bi gidi quyit vdn di ndy, chung ta can cd mot chuang trinh ddo tgo KNM cho phii hgp vdi nhu cdu cua xd hpi, dgc diem rieng vd mong mudn cua ngu&i hpc. Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy kit qud thic nghiim md hinh hudn luyen KNM cho SV khdi ngdnh Suphgm KT thudt (SPKT) tgi Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm KT thudt Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (DHSPKT TPHCM).
Tir khda: kT nang mdm, huan luyen kT nang mem, sinh vien nganh Su pham KT thuat, Trudng Dai hgc Su pham KT thuat Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
ABSTRACT
Developing learning materials and a model for training soft skills for students of technical education following an interactive approach Vietnamese students nowadays are facing a lack of soft skills. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a program for training soft skils that can meet the demand of the society. This article presents the results of the pilot model for training soft skills for students of technical education at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technical Education.
Keywords: soft skills, soft skills training, students of technical education. University of Technical Education HCMC.
1. D^t v4n dl thanh mdn hgc chinh khda, cdn lai da KT nang mdm hidn nay dugc xem la phan cac trudng vdn chua Iam dugc dieu chia khda thanh cdng cua ngudi lao ddng. nay, cd chang cung chi la trong mdt budi Trong thdi ki hdi nhap, dd danh gia nang ngoai khda, nha trudng mdi didn gia tdi luc cua ngudi lao dgng thudng danh gia phd bidn sa luge kidn thiic cho SV. Vi theo 2 tieu chi: nang luc lam ngudi va thd, thuat ngii nay vin cdn xa la ddi vdi nSng luc lam nghd. nhidu SV Viet Nam, trong khi vide dao Thuc td cho thiy, nhOtig ngudi tao KNM tai cac trudng dai hgc tren thd thanh dat chi cd 25% la do trinh do gidi rat dugc chii trgng.
chuydn mdn, bang cap hay chiing ehi. Trong bdi canh chung do, Trudng 75% cdn lai dugc quydt dinh bdi nhiing DHSPKT TPHCM la mdt trong cac KNM ma hg da trang bi trudng cd chuc nang va nhidm vu, dao (vi.wikipedia.org). 6 Viet Nam, rk it tao, bdi dudng giang vidn (GV) kT thuat - trudng dai hgc da dua bg mdn KNM trd nghd, ddng thdi dao tao ddi ngG kT su
' ThS, Tru'i'ng D91 hoc S u pham Ki thuat TPHCM; Emaii: f)[email protected]
Ty lieu tham khao S6 4(82) ndm 2016
cdng nghd va luc lugng lao ddng kT thuat dap ling eho thuc tidn xa hgi. Trong cdng viec hang ngay va thuc td cugc sdng, KNM cd vai trd rat quan trgng ddi vdi SV SPKT va GV chuydn nghidp. Chiing tdi thidt nghT, tidn hanh dua KNM vao giang day cho SV la didu vd ciing can thidt, dac bidt la trong thdi ki hdi nhap.
2. Giai quyet van de 2.1. Ca sd li th uyit vd th uc trgng 2.1.1. Khdi niim kindng mim
Ki ndng mim (soft skills) la thuat ngii diing dd chi cac kT nang thudc vd tri tud cam xiic (EQ) ciia con ngudi, nhu:
mdt sd net tinh each (quan li thdi gian, thu gian, vugt qua khiing hoang, sang tao va ddi mdi), su td nhi, kT nang iing xu, thdi quen, su lac quan, chan thanh, kT nang lam vide theo nhdm... Day la nhihig ydu td anh hudng ddn su xac lap mdi quan he vdi ngudi khae.
Nhiing kT nang nay la nhiing dieu thudng khdng dugc hgc trong nha trudng, khdng lien quan ddn kien thiic chuydn mdn, khdng thd sd nam, nhung khdng phai la kT nang dac biet ma phu thudc chil ydu vao ca tinh ciia timg ngudi. KNM quydt djnh ban la ai, lam vide the nao, la thudc do hidu qua cao trong cdng vide.
Nhimg "Id ndng cirng" (hard skills) d nghTa trai ngugc thudng xudt hidn trdn ban li lich, kha nang hgc vkn ciia ban, kinh nghidm va su thanh thao vd chuyen mdn. KT nang nay lidn quan ddn chi sd thdng minh (IQ) eiia ca nhan. Ban nghT rang, ngudi ta se rit an tugng vdi hang loat cac bang cap cua ban, mgt sd lugng ldn cac kinh nghidm cd gia tri va nhimg
mdi quan he d vi tri cao.
2.1.2. Phuongphdp suphgm tuomg tdc Phuongphdp suphgm tuong tdc Ih mgt trong nhiing phuang phap danh gia cac mdi quan he qua lai tdn tai giiia cac tac nhan khac nhau tham gia vao hoat dgng su pham. Phuong phap su pham tuang tac nay bao trum tat ca cac tac nhan, ciing nhu nhiing thao tac va cac ddng tac qua lai tuang hd cua chiing va iam thanh mgt tap hgp lidn kdt chat che.
Cdc tdc nhdn trong tuong tdc sir phgm:
Ngudi hge; Vdi tu each la mgt tac nhan theo phuang phap tuong tac, ngudi hgc trudc hdt la ngudi di hge chir khong phai la ngudi duge day.
Ngudi day: La ngudi ma bang kien thiic, kinh nghidm eua minh, chiu trach nhidm hudng dan ngudi hgc. Ngudi day chi cho ngudi hge cai dich phai dat dugc, giiip do, lam cho ngudi hgc hiing thii va dua hg tdi dich. Chiie nang chinh cua ngudi day la, giiip dd ngudi hgc - hgc va hidu. Ngudi day phuc vu ngudi hgc.
Mdi trudng: Ngudi day va ngudi hgc khdng phai la nhung sinh vat triru tugng, xung quanh hg la thd gidi vat chat, xa hgi va ndn van hda. Ca ngudi day va ngudi hgc ddu ed mdt tinh each ro rdt va cac gia trj ca nhan duge phat trien trong mdt dat nudc cd nhimg co ehd chinh tri, gia dinh va nha trudng ma chiing cd mdt anh hudng nhat dinh nao dd tdi hg. Tdt ca nhimg ydu td nay, bdn trong ciing nhu bdn ngoai, tao thanh mdi trudng ciia ngudi day va ngudi hgc. Tac nhan nay ddng mgt vai trd, y nghTa nhit dinh, anh hudng tdi ca vide day va viec hgc.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Hodng Thi Thu Hien vd tgk
Bd ba hinh thanh bdi cae tac nhan:
Ngudi day, ngudi hgc va mdi trudng dugc chu y nhidu, vi nd tao thanh hat nhan ciia phuang phap tuang tac su p h ^ . Tat ca cac ydu td ciia phuang ph^p su pham dugc ghep vdi bd ba nay. [8]
2.1.3. Thuc trgng KNM cua SV khdi ngdnh SPKT
Bang phuong phdp dieu tra, chiing tdi tidn hanh khao sat trdn miu gdm 410 SV thudc khdi nganh SPKT cac nam thii 2, 3 va 4 bac dai hgc. Khi hdi vd tam quan trgng ciia KNM, chiing tdi da thu nhgn (407 phieu hgp Id) duge mgt kdt qua rat kha quan, dd la 95,4 % SV cho rang KNM la quan trgng va rat quan trgng.
Bdng 1. Ddnh gid tdm quan trpng vi KNM cua SV Tam quan trgng
Rat quan trpng Quan trpng Binh thucmg Khong quan trpng Hoan toan Tdng
Tan so 266 122 9 8 2 407
Ti le % 65,5 30,0 2,2 2,0 0,5 100
Mean
4,58
SD
0,68
Nhihig f nghTa ma KNM mang lai cho SV dugc xac dinh rat cu thd (xem bang 2).
Bdng 2. Nhimg lpi ich md KNM dem lgi
Loi ich
Mean
Dddang thich nghi
vdi hoan canh
1,98
Tutin trong hgc
tap va cugc sdng
1,97
xay dimg dugc nhidu mdi
quanhd tdt dep 1,96
Phat tridn tidm nang ban than hoan thidn nhan each 1,93
Nang cao nang luc dd thanh cdng
1,92
Ren luydn y chi duong dau
vdi khd khan, thii
thach 1,86 Bang 2 eho thSy nhiing lpi ich ma KNM mang lai thi lpi ieh vd su thich nghi voi hoan canh dupc SV danh gia cao nhat: 1,98. DSy dupc xem nhu lpi ich quan trpng trong vide giup SV co thd cai tjo, thay doi va phat tridn ban than dd thich nghi voi su thay ddi cua hoan canh xa hpi.
Hinh thuc td chiic giang day ma SV quan tam do la, thdng qua cac tro choi va thdng qua cac boat dpng phong trao doan, hdi thanh nidn... (xem bang 3).
Bdng 3. Hinh thicc hudn luyen KNM hieu qud Hoat dpng
Thong qua eac boat dpng tro choi Thong qua phong trao doan, hpi Thdne qua cac mdn hpc chuyen nganh Thdng qua bai tap vd nha
T6ng_
Tan sd 249 107 41 10 407
Ti le % 61,2 26,3 10,1 2,5 100%
Tu" !l$u tham khao Sd 4(82) ndm 2016
2.2. Xay dung md hinh hudn luyen KNM
Bk xay dimg dugc md hinh huin luydn KNM cho SV khdi nganh SPKT, nhdm nghidn ciiu can cii trdn ca sd ndn tang ciia cac giai doan hinh thanh kT nang, md hinh hgc tap trai nghidm, dac didm su pham tuang tae va chuan dau ra khdi nganh SPKT.
2.2.1. Mo hinh hudn luyen
Tir cac can cii tren, chiing tdi dd xuit md hinh huin luyen KNM gdm 5 giai doan nhu md hinh sau day:
Mo hinh hudn luyen KNM SPKT
Tridn khai theo md hinh trdn ta cd:
Giai doan 1: "Binh hudng'': Giang vidn thdng bao muc tidu, kd hoach huan luyen va tidn hanh hudng dan li thuyet cd lien quan, ddng thdi ho trg thdng tin ciing nhu ngudn hgc lieu va phuang tidn ea sd vat chat.
Giai doan 2: "Thirc hien hogt d^ng": Td chiic hoat dgng, trd chai cho SV tham gia true tidp dd ap dung kidn thiic t\r nit ra eac kdt luan, kinh nghidm.
Giai doan 3: "Bdc ket phdn dnh":
Timg SV/ nhdm vidt nhat ki hgc tap, bang thu hoach, phan ra theo timg dac diem hgc tap eho timg loai: (V/A/K).
Giai doan 4: "Tucmg tde": Td chirc cho cac ca nhan SV hay nhdm tucmg tac qua lai vdi nhau, chia sd kidn thiic va
kinh nghidm tir hoat ddng giai doan 2 dudi su didu phdi va kidm soat cua giang vidn.
Giai doan 5: "Trai nghidm, ddnh gid": SV trai nghidm thuc tidn dd ciing co (kidn thiic - kinh nghidm) danh gia cheo nhau va GV danh gia sau ciing.
Md hinh nay dugc ap dung vao vide huan luydn gdm 5 KNM, mdi KNM dugc thidt kd td chiic theo timg nhdm hoat dgng cu the. Trong mdi hoat d^ng, tridn khai theo 5 giai doan ciia md hinh diing trinh tu cung nhu mdi tuong quan va ydu cau hoan thanh ciia timg giai d o ^ . 2.2.2. Cdc KNM cabdn
Kdt qua khao sat da chi ra nhan thiic cua SV vd nhihig lgi ich ma KNM dem lai la hoan toan diing din va su uu tidn eho
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCI^ Hodng Thf Thu Hiin vd tgk
cac lgi ich ciing bdc lg ngay nhu ciu ddi hdi cua chinh SV d6i vdi viec dugc huan luydn KNM. Day cilng la ca sd de chiing tdi tidn hanh thuc nghiem va so sanh ket qua tmdc va sau thuc nghidm vd miic do
hda nhap, su tu tin va kha nang xii li khd khan thii thach trong nhiing tinh hudng bat ngd. Ddi vdi timg kT nang, SV ciing xac dinh rat rd thii tg uu tidn cho timg kT nang nhu sau (xem bang 4):
Bdng 4. Tdm quan trpng ciia cdc KNM Cac kt nang
1. KT nang tu nhan thiie ban than 2. KT nang giai quydt van dd 3. KT nang lang nghe 4. KT nang tu hgc 5. KT nang lam vide nhdm 6. KT nang thuyet trinh
7. KT nang vidt, trinh bay bao cao khoa hgc
Mean 4,65 4,52 4,29 4,23 4,21 3,30 2,76 Dua trdn kdt qua khao sat ciing vdi
vide phan tich nhu ciu cua ddi tugng nghidn ciiu, chiing tdi cdn can cii trdn chuin diu ra ciia cac nganh SPKT da cdng bo vdi x§ hgi va chuan nang luc ciia GV kT thuat - nghd nghidp da ban hanh, chiing tdi dua ra danh myc cac KNM ca ban cin nghidn ciiu dd xay dung bd hgc lidu va md hinh huan luy?n nhim dap ling cac nhu cau kd trdn.
Cac KNM CO ban va cau tnic bd hgc lieu dung dd huan luydn KNM:
KT nang tu nhan thiic ban than: Xae dinh ban la ai? phuong phap tidp thu thdng tin VAK (Nhin Nghe -Van ddng);
KT nang lam vide nhdm: Hinh thanh
kT nang hgp tac, trao ddi thdng tin va kinh nghidm phdi hgp cung hoan thanh mdt nhiem vu;
KT nang ling nghe: Bidt each ling nghe, thuc hidn lang nghe cd bleu qua trong hgc tap va lao ddng;
KT nang tu hge: Hinh thanh phuang phap tu hgc dd kham pha nham hoan thien nang luc, pham chat ban than;
KT nang vidt, trinh bay va bao cao khoa hgc.
Cau tnic bd hgc lieu dugc nghidn cuu va xay dung phu hgp vdi dac didm SV, dac thil cua timg KNM va dac trung ciia md hinh huan luyen nhim phat huy tdi da hidu qua huin luydn. Bd hgc lieu tuong ling cau tnic nhu sau:
- c i u tnic Phidu thdng tin chira dung ndi dung, muc tidu huin luyen:
Tdn kT nang & Ma sd quan li Muc tidu huan luyen
Ndi dung li thuydt djnh hudng Cau hdi ciing cd bai tap van dung Tai lidu tham khao
Tlf li$u thann khao So 4(82) nam 2016
Mlu thidt kd host dpng td ehilc trd choi huto luydn Muc tidu boat ddng/ trd choi
Thdi lugng Sd lugng Vat lidu Quy trinh Diic kdt Ngudn
Nhat ki hgc tap thdng qua timg kT nang dugc huan luydn Ten kT nang
Cam nhan ban than Nhung kidn thurc ITnh hgi dugc Mlic do kT nang hinh thanh Hudng van dung vao euge sdng Dd xuat/ khuydn nghi
Thdng tin SV
2.2.3. Kit qud thuc nghiim
Do nhiing nhihig han chd mang tinh khacb quan nhu: thdi gian, sT sd SV trong mgt ldp hgc va dga trdn nhan thurc cua SV v^ tam quan trgng cua cac KNM thdng qua khao sat, chiing tdi chgn thuc hidn thuc nghiem 3/5 KNM;
KT nang tu nhan thiic ban than;
KT nang iam vide nhdm;
KT nang lang nghe.
Thuc nghidm dugc tidn hanh ba lin cho ba kT nang trdn ciing mgt nhdm ddi tugng. Chiing tdi chgn ddi tugng la ldp Bang 5. Kiiu tiip thu thong
SV 1194203 vdi sd lugng tham gia la 27 SV:
- Lan thii nhat, vdi cac hoat dgng nhim hinh thanh kT nang tu nhan thiic ban than;
Lan thii hai, vdi boat dgng nhim hinh thanh kT nang lam vide nhdm;
Lin thii ba, vdi cac boat dgng nhim hinh thanh kT nang ling nghe.
Qua ki ndng tu nhgn thuc bdn thdn, xdc dinh duac kieu tiip thu thong tin (xem hdng 5)
tin cua SV nhom thuc nghiim Cac kieu tidp thu thdng tin
V - Nhin Tansd 5
Ti Id % 18,5
A - Nghe Tan sd 6
Ti Id % 22
K -Van dpng Tan sd 16
Ti Id % 59
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Hoang Thi Thu Hien va tgk
Dua trdn kdt qua khao sat kidu tidp thu thdng tin ciia SV, chi5ng tdi phan lop SV ra thanh cac nhom theo timg kidu tidp thu thdng tin ridng d^ thuc hidn thuc nghidm vdi kT nang lam vide nhom va kT n2ng ISng nghe.
J Ddnh gid nhgn thirc cita SV vi mirc do hihi ich ciia cdc KNM (xem bdng 6)
Nhom nghidn euu quy uoc cac chuin va each tmh didm trung binh cua cac tidu chi vd mat thdng kd nhu sau:
Nhan thilc cua SV vd nhimg lpi ich ma cac kT nSng mang lai theo 3 miic dp:
+ Muc 1: if Khdng hHu ich (Mean
= 1,0 -> 1,99).
+ Mlic 2: Nhidu/ Hiht ich (Mean = 2,0 -> 2,49).
+ Mlic 3: Rdt nhidu/ Rit hihi ieh
(Mean = 2,5-+3,0).
Sau khi da dupe hudn luydn ba KNM dien hinh, SV ddu cho rSng ca ba kl nang nay ddu rdt hitu ich cho hp trong hpc tap va tuong lai nghd nghidp. Didm trung bmh theo kdt qua thyc nghiem eua ba kl nang ddu ldo hon hoac bang 2,5 (KT nang tu nhan thuc ban than: 2,8; ki nang lam vide nhom la 2,5; kT nang lang nghe la 2,6). Tuy nhidn, cd su khac biet d tCmg kT nang, trong do Id ndng tu nhdn thirc bdn thdn dupc SV chpn d muc rdt him ich eao nhat (81,1%). Day la mot kT nang vd ciing quan trpng. Nd la kT nang co sd, ndn tang ciia cac kl nang khac. Mudn hinh thanh cac KNM khac cho ban than, SV cSn phai bidt minh la ai, minh cd im thd gi va nhirng h ^ chd can phai khac phuc.
Bdng 6. Mirc do hiru ich cda cdc KNM Cac kl nang
KT nang ty nhan thiic ban than
KI nang lam vide nhdm
KT nang lang nghe
Cac miic d$
Rat hiru ich 81,5%
48,1%
55,6%
Hiru ich 18,5%
52%
44%
Khdng hiru ich 0 0 0
Mean 2,8 2,5 2,6 D§c bi?t, vdi kT nang tu nhan thiic
ban than, SV cdn nhan thay dugc nhiing lgi ich ma kl nang nay mang lai cho hg nhu: bidt chia se tam tu, tinh cam vdi ban be dd hidu rd ban vd hg va ban than; nh$n bidt dugc kha nang cua minh dd phat huy didm manh va khac phuc diem ydu; thay ddi phuong phap tidp nhgn thdng tin dd hgc tap, lam vide tdt ban...
Ddnh gid nhdn thuc cda SV vi lpi ich eiia kX ndng ldm viic nhom (xem bdng
7)
Sau kT nang tu nhan thiie ban than, nhdm nghien ciiu chgn ki ndng ldm viic nhom dd thuc nghidm. Bdi vi, ngay nay de cd thd thanh cdng trong cugc sdng, con ngudi phai nang ddng va thich nghi trong mgi hoan canh. Con ngudi khdng nhtmg bidt lam viec ma cdn phai bidt hgp tac vdi nhiing ngudi khac de lam vide.
Sau khi da trai nghidm cac boat ddng ma nhdm nghidn ciiu thidt kd ridng cho kT
TLT !ieu tham khao Sd 4(82) ndm 2016
nang lam vide nhdm, ty id SV nhan ra nhihig lgi ich ciia kT nang nay mang lai d miic rdt nhiiu chidm ty Id cao (trdn 50%). Didm trung binh ciing ndi ldn didu dd. Kdt qua eho thiy 3 trong 4 lgi ich ma kT nang lam vide nhdm mang lai cd didm trung binh ddu ldn ban hoac bing 2.5. Cu Bdng 7. Loi ich cua
thd la khi lam viec cimg nhau se lam tdng ndng sudt vd hiiu qud cong viic (59%), cdc cd nhdn trong nhdm ho tro ldn nhau (56%). Dae bidt, khi lam vide nhdm mdi ca nhan hpc hoi ldn nhau, cdi thien thdi dp irng xir cUa minh trong cupc song, trong cong viic (67%).
kindng ldm viec nhom Cac loi ich
Tang nang suat va hieu qua cdng vide Cac ca nhan trong nhom hd trp Ian nhau Cac quydt dinh dua ra toan didn va phii hpp Hpc hdi lan nhau, cai thidn thai dp va each irng xii cua minh
Cac mirc d?
Rat nhieu 59%
56%
37%
67%
Nhieu 41%
44%
59%
33%
It 0 0 3,7%
Mean 2,6 2,5 2,3 2,7 Bdn canh do, SV khi dugc huan
luydn kT nang lam vide nhdm da cd y kidn phan hdi thdm vd nhiing didu ma hg da hgc dugc nhu: giup thi hiin y kien cd nhdn trong ldm viic nhdm; cd su mgnh dgn, khdng rut re, trao ddi thdng tin ldn nhau; giup cd nhdn dep bo "cdi tdi" qud l&n di ldm viec hiiu qud han...
• Ddnh gid nhdn thirc cua SV vi ki ndng ldng nghe (xem bdng 8)
KNM didn hinh thir ba ma chiing tdi da lua chgn dd thuc nghidm la KT ndng ldng nghe. Day la mdt kT nang giiip mdi ea nhan bidt tdn trgng ngudi khac dd gat hai dugc nhiing thanh cdng nhit djnh trong giao tiep. KT nang nay da dugc nang ldn hang nghd thuSt - Nghd thuat lang nghe. Rit nhidu ngudi lim tudng
rang nghe va kT nang lang nghe la mdt.
Cd Ie vi the ma kT nang lang nghe khdng may dugc chii trgng ren luydn. Sau khi dugc tap huan vd kT nang ling nghe, SV ddu nhan ra dugc nhiing Igi ich ma ki nang lang nghe mang lai. Phan ldn lua chgn d miic nhieu vd rdt nhiiu. Trong mdi chiing ta, ai cung rat mudn dugc ngudi khac tdn trgng minh khi giao tidp, didu do cd nghTa la, khi minh ndi, ngudi khac tap trung chii y lang nghe. Vay ndn, khi bidt lang nghe se Iam thoa man nhu cdu ciia ngu&i ndi, thu thdp duac nhieu thong tin, hgn chi nhirng sai ldm trong giao tiip, ngoai ra cdn giai quydt dugc nhidu van dd. Dac bidt, khi bidt lang nghe sd tgo duac khdng khi ldng nghe nhau trong giao tiip (52%).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Hoang Thf Thu Hien va tgk
Bdng 8. Cdc lai ich cita la ndng ldng nghe Cac lpi ich
Thda man nhu cau ngudfi ndi Thu th jp dupc nhidu thdng tin Han chd sai lam trong giao tidp
Tao khdng khi biet lang nghe trong giao tidp Giiip giai quydt van dd hidu qua
C^c miic dd Rat nhieu
26%
37%
41%
52%
30%
Nhieu 70%
59%
51%
48%
67%
It 3,7%
3,7%
7,4%
0 3,7%
Mean 2,2 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,3 Ngoai ra, trong nhat ki hgc tap ca
nhan, SV cdn phan anh lai nhiing didu hg hgc duge thdng qua boat dgng huan luydn kl nang lang nghe eiia giang vidn nhu: giiip bdn thdn thay ddi, thdn thiin v&i mpi ngu&i; thu dugc nhiiu thong tin tir nguoi noi; biet tgo thiin cdm v&i mpi ngu&i trong giao tiip; biit ton trpng ngu&i khdc trong giao tiip...
Didm dang ehd y khi tidn hanh thue nghidm kT nang lang nghe la phai hinh thanh dugc nhiing hanh ddng cu thd cho SV. Ndu cd dugc nhung hanh ddng nay chiing td SV da cd kT nang lang nghe.
Hanh ddng ma SV lam tdt hem ca la tgo
khdng khi binh ddng, c&i m&. Hau nhu tat ca SV ddu lam tdt vide nay. Tuy nhidn, vi mdi chi tham du va luydn tap trong mdt khoang thdi gian ban hep d ldp thuc nghidm, ndn khdng the ddi hdi SV cd thd lam thuan thuc va dat dugc kdt qua nhu mong dgi. Day la nhiing hanh dgng can phai dugc luydn tap nhidu trong cac tinh hudng giao tidp hang ngay mdt each cd y thiic. Cd luyen tap nhidu thi mdi bidt each gai m&, bidt bdc 16 su quan tdm ddn ngudi ndi. Va dd cd thd dat ra dugc nhiing cau hdi phdn dnh lgi nhiing gi ma ngudi ndi vira trmh bay thi cang phai luydn tap nhidu han niia.
Bdng 9. Cdc hdnh dpng SV dd thuc hiin duoc sau khi hudn luyen kl ndng ldng nghe Cac hanh ddng
Tao khdng khi binh dang, cdi md Gpimd
Bdc ip su quan tdm Phan anh lai
Cac miic dd Rat tdt
44%
33%
33%
19%
Tdt 56%
59%
59%
67%
Chua tot 0 7,4%
7,4%
15%
Mean 2,4 2,3 2,3 2,0 Tren day la kdt qua thuc nghidm ma
chung tdi da lua chpn va tidn hanh trdn ba KNM CO thd coi la can thidt. Kdt qua thuc nghifm cho thiy hau hdt nhihig SV dupc thara gia khda huin luydn ddu cam thay hirng thii va hpe dupe nhieu didu bd
ich eho nhirng ngay thang cdn hpc tai trudng va cho nghd nghiep sau nay. Didu nay ciing cho thay, day va hpc KNM khdng thd thidu nhiing boat dpng cu thd.
Nguoi hpc cin dupe tham gia vao cac hoat ddng thuc td, dupc trai nghidm,
Tu- Ijgu tham khao S6 4(82) ndm 2016
kham pha nhiing giay phiit ma tu ban than hg phai cd gang, nd luc mdi cd thd hinh thanh dugc mdt kT nang cy the. Dd cling ehinh la md hinh hgc tap trai nghidm ma ehiing tdi mong mudn ap dur^ vao qua trinh huan luydn KNM sau nay eho SV khdi nganh SPKT tai Trudng DHSPKT TPHCM.
3. Kdt lu^n
Kdt qua khao sat ban dau ddi vdi SV khdi nganh SPKT tai Trudng DHSPKT TPHCM eho thiy nhan thirc eua SV vd KNM chua thye sy thiu dao va cGng chua ddng nhit. Hiu hdt SV chua dugc hgc hay huan luydn mdt each bai ban vd KNM. Nhu vay, can phai giiip cac em cd nhan thirc dung vl KNM dd tir dd cac em ed thai do diing va hanh ddng diing - ren luydn cho minh nhiing KNM can thidt.
Cling dua tren kdt qua khao sat, SV cho rang ki ndng tu nhgn thirc bdn thdn Id quan trpng nhdt. Vi de cd thd thanh cdng thi chinh moi ngudi phai hidu rd ban than minh dd cd nhiing kd hoach hgc tap va hoat ddng nghd nghifp phii hgp.
Sau dd la kT ndng lang nghe, kf ndng tu hpc va kindng ldm viic nhom.
Trong tdng sd SV dugc hdi cd 62,9% SV chua timg tham gia bit ki mdt ldp huin luydn nao vd KNM, vi vay, 98,8% SV mudn dugc tham du cac Idp huan luyen.
Tir kdt qua khao sat thuc tidn, chiing tdi da xay dung md hinh huin
luyen KNM theo hudng su pham tuang tac. Chiing tdi da tidn hanh thuc nghidm ba KNM ma SV cho la quan trgng. Kdt qua cho thiy, sau khi tham gia vao ldp huan luyen, SV da nhan thirc rd dugc tam quan trgng cua cac kl nang. Dac biet, theo md hinh trai nghidm, SV thyc su cam thay bd ieh va Ii thii khi trai qua nhimg thii thach, tham gia vao cac tro chai. Ciing tir md hinh trai nghidm nay, SV da hinh thanh dugc cho ban than nhimg KNM cu thd: Ty kham phi ra chinh ban than minh, bidt hgp tac vdi ngudi khac trong Iuc hge va Iiic choi, ddng thdi bidt tdn trgng ngudi khac trong quan he giao tidp hang ngay, nghTa la bidt ling nghe.
TCr vide tim hidu thyc trang va kdt qua thyc nghidm, chiing tdi dua ra mdt sd dd xuat nham giiip SV khdi nganh su pham ndi ridng va SV Trudng DHSPKT TPHCM ndi ehung dugc huin luydn KNM trong thdi gian gin nhit nhu sau:
Dua mdn hgc KNM vao chuang trinh dao tao dudi hinh thiic bit huge.
Phdng Dao tao can hd trg bd tri Idp hgc vdi sT sd hgp li, chi ndn tir 30 - 40 SV mdt ldp. Bdi vi, huin luydn KNM phai tham gia cac boat dgng, phai lam vide theo nhdm, ndu sT sd qua ddng thi GV rat khd kidm soat ldp hgc va kdt qua huan luydn se khdng hidu qua. Day cung la hinh thiic td chirc Idp hgc dao tao theo hudng CDIO cila Tnrdng DHSPKT TPHCM hidn nay.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Hoang Thi Thu Hien. va tgk
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Hoang Anh (2008), Tu hgc ciia sinh vien, Nxb Giao due.
2. Vfl Cao Dam (2013), Phuang phdp ludn nghien cuu khoa hgc, Nxb Giao due, xuat ban lin thir 13.
3. Chu Van Dire (2005), Gido trinh IB ndng giao tiip, Nxb Ha Ndi.
4. Nguydn Ba Minh (2013), Gido trinh Nhdp mdn khoa hgc giao tiep, Nxb D^i hpc Su pham.
5. Nguyen Thi Oanh (2008), Ldm viec theo nhom, Nxb Trd.
6. Bill Loan Thiiy, Pham Dinh Nghidm (2011), /ff ndng mim, Trucmg Dai hpc Kinh te-Tai chinh TPHCM.
7. Nguydn Thj Phucmg Trang, Le Khic Cuong, Bill Loan Thiiy, Vuong Kim Thanh (2011), KXndng viit, Trucmg Dai hpc Kmh td - Tai chinh TPHCM.
8. Jean-Marc Denomme & Madeleine Roy (2000), Tien tai mgt suphgm tuang tdc, Nxb Thanh nidn, (Nguyen Quang Tuin va Tdng Van Quan dich).
9. http://www.dol.gov/odep/topics/youth/softskills. (US. Department of Labor) 10. http://www. investopedia. com/terms/softskills. asp
11. http://www.national.careersservice.derect.gov.uk/spgtlight- softskills.asp (Ngiy Tda soan nhin duvc bii: 28-3-2015; ngiy phin bi$n dinh gii: 02-4-201S;
ngiy chip nhin ding: 20-4-2016)