TAP CHI SINH HQC, 2013, 35(2): 185-192
K E T Q U A D I ^ U T R A G A M N H A M ( R O D E N T I A ) 6 K H U V^TC VU'CJN Q U O C G I A P H O N G N H A - K E B A N G , T I N H Q U A N G B I N H
N g u y e n Xuan Nghta'*, Nguyen Xuan Dang', Nguyen Duy Luong^
' Vien Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh v^t, Vipn Han lam KH & CN Vipt Nam, *[email protected]
^Td chiic Bdo ton Dpng thuc vdt Quoc te (FFI)
TOM TAT: Vudn quoc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bang (VQG PNKB), tinh Quang Binh co di^n ti'ch 85.755 ha, CO vai tro rat quan trpng doi vdi bao ton cac gia trj da dang sinh hpc khong chi cho Vi^t Nam ma cho loan cm. Tuy nhien, khu he g^m nham d VQG PN-KB con it dupc nghien cuu, cho den nam 2002 chi ghi nhan dupc 29 loai. Nghien ciiu nay dugc thyc hi?n tron^ cac nam 2007 va 2011, vdi 16 tuyen khao satt^i 4 dja diem thupc viing ldi va phan md rpng ciia VQG, gom cac khu vvc Cha Noi (17''28'N; 106''06'E) va Hung Dang(17''38'N; 106''04'E) xa Thupng Tr^ch (Bd Trach), khu v^c Ma Rinh Mdi ()7"42'N; 105''5rE)xa Hoa Son vakliu vuc Hang En (17''42'N; I05''59'E) xa Thuong Hoa (Minh Hoa). Tong chieu dai cac tuyen khao sat ban ngay la 105,5 km va khao sat dem la 60,5 km. Vdi 300 bay c^c lo^i da sir d\ing va thuc hi|n dupc 4.500 ngay.bay. Ket qua khao sat da ghi nhan dupc 32 loai g$m nham, trong do c6 23 loai qua mau vat, 4 loai qua quan sat true tiep va 5 loai qua mau vat ciia thp san va phong van dan dja phuang. Da xac lap danh sach g^m nham VQG PN-KB gom 35 loai thupc 5 hp (Sciuridae: 11 loai, Spalacidae: 2 loai, Muridae 19 loai, Hysticidae- 2 loai va Laonestidac 1 loai) So vdi danh sach g|m nham nam 2002, nghien ciiu nay khdng ghi nh^in lai dupc 3 loai, nhung da bo sung them dupc 6 loai, trong do c6 loai chupt tnrdng son Laonasles aenigmamus. Trong so 4 loai sdc bay ghi nh?in, tan suat bat gap cao nhat thupc sdc bay long chan, Belomys pearsonii (9,96 ca the/km) va sdc bay trau, Peiaurisia philippensis (7,97 ca the/km). Hieu qua bay bat tinh chung cho 18 ioai gam nham la 1,949 ca th6/IO0 ngay.bay. Trong dd, hieu qua bay bat cua 8 loai chuyen d rimg, ldn gap gan 2 lan so vdi 10 loai khong chuyen d rimg (1,256 so vdi 0,692 ca lhl/100 ngay.bay). Trong so 35 loai gam nham ghi nhan duac a VQG PN-KB, co 6 loai can dupc uu tien bao ton, bao gdm 5 loai cd ten trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007), 2 loai trong Danh Luc Do lUCN (2012) va 3 loai trong Nghi dmh 32/2006/ND-CP. Nguyen nhan de dpa, lam suy giam khu hp gam nham d VQG PNKB la cac hoat ddng san bit dpng vat hoang da va khai thac lam san trai phep. VQG PN-KB can CO cac bien phap kiem soat chat che cac tac dong tieu cue nay.
Tir khoa. Mammalia, Rodentia, da dang sinh hoc, gam nham, Phong Nha-Ke Bang.
MCKDAU day da thong ke dupc 134 loai thii, 390 loai , , . ; - n, XIU I ' • D • i\rr>r- chim, 157 lodi ca [11 ], 93 loai bd sat vd 45 loai Vuan quoc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bang (VQG , _ ' „ _ , , , . ^ \rrsr^ nvii^o • • . • -.
T.v,.^r.^ * 1 - 1 1- - i n o i J - .• u u• - udng cu [17]. Vl vay, VQG PNKB co vai tro rat PNKB) d u a c dianh lap nam 2001, dien tich hien ^ "- •>;. ..•^*. "^ ,
,, ' , • , , • / , j i -. • - quan trong doi voi bao ton cac gia tn da dang nay a 85.755 ha va dang d u a c de xuat m a rong ^. , , • f . , . . , , . - . , v, ^ „ • ' i,„ .^A^
, y , „ , , ^ , , T^. . . L I. - -J 1- u- . 1 , ' • smh hoc khong chi cho Viet Nam ma cho toan len 123.326 ha. Dia hinh chu yeu la h? thong cac . • te\-j-i
niii da vdi cao tir 500-2.000 m so vdi mat bien, bj I ' < ' . J-
chia cdt manh, hinh thanh cac sudn ddc va cdc Tuy nhien, khu he gam nham d VQG PNKB thung lung hep. He thdng sdng sudi phiic lap vdi cdn it dugc nghien ciiu. Trudc nam 2000, khdng nhieu doan sdng, suoi chay ngam dudi mat dat. cd cac nghien ciru chuyen sau ve gam nham ma Tham thuc vat dac tnmg gom cdc kilu rimg chi cd cac dot khao sat khu he thu ndi chung, thudng xanh, rimg ban thudng xanh tren nin da duac thuc hien bdi mdt so td chiic phi chi'nh vdi va rimg thudng xanh dat thdp trong cac thung pliii: Qu? qudc te ve Bdo tdn thien nhien, W W F lung. Tuy n i m trong viing khi hau nhiet ddi gid (1997, 1^99), To^chiic^Bao ton^Dpng^Thuc v^t miia, 1
nhipii k , . , „ •..i,,^ • . „ • •—— . _ .
diiu kicn lu nllien noi tren da tao Tlii Ngpc Lanh (2002) [11] tren co so long liop
... nliung su pliiic tap ciia dia hlnh da tao cho Quoc le FFI (1998, 1999) [15] va Trung lam
VQG nhiju l<iSu tieu khf hau khac nhau Su da Nhiet doi Viel Nga (1999). Meijboom va Ho
dang ctia cac dieu kicn lu nhien noi tren da tao Tlii Ngpc Lanh (2002) [11] tren CO so long hop
njn he dong vat thuc vai hoang da rit da dang va kit qua Ciia cac nghien ciiu Iren, da lap danh luc
phong pliii. Clii rieng dong vat co xuong s6ng, o Ihii VQG PNKB gom 134 loai, trong do CO 29
Nguyen Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Nguyen Duy Luong loai gam nham. Doi vdi cac loai g^m nham, day
la danh sach chua day dii vd den nay da bj lac h^u do cd nliieu diay doi ve vj tri phan logi ciia cac loai.
De ddnh gid day dii hon ve miic dO da dgng lodi cOa khu h? gam nh^m V Q G P N K B , trong cac nam tir 2007 den 2011 chiing tdi da tien hanh cdc dgrt dieu tra chuyen sSu ve gdm nham.
Bai bao nay nham cdp nhat danh sach cac loai gam nham da ghi nhgn d V Q G P N K B va xac djnh cac gia tri bao ton ciia chiing.
VAT LIEU VA PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Thdi gian va dia diem nghien ctiu
Cdc mau vat nghien ciiu dugic thu thgp tir cac d(?t thuc dia theo cac diem dieu tra vao nam 2007 va 2011 vdi 2 dpt khdo sat tgi viing loi vd khu vuc md rpng ciia V Q G P N K B : tir 13/11 den 28/11/2007: khao sat tai khu vuc Chd Noi (17°28'N; I06°06'E), xa T h u a n g Trach, huyen Bo Trach; tir 25/8 den 23/ 9/2011: Khao sat tai kbu vuc Hung Dang ( I 7 ° 3 8 ' N ; I06°04'E), xa Thugng Trach, huyen Bd Trach; khu vuc Ma Rinh Mdi (17°42'N; 1 0 5 ° 5 r E ) , xa Hda Son, va kliu vuc Hang En (17''42'N, 105°59'E), xa Thucrng Hda, huyen Minh Hda.
P h u o n g p h a p
Sii dung cdc loai bay de thu mau thii va quan sat true tiep thii trong thien nhien.
Bdy bdt thu mdu: Cac logi bay Idng, bay hop va bay dap dupc dat theo cac tuySn d cac do cao va sinh canh kliac nhau nham thu thdp dupc nhieu loai nhat. Mdi tuyen cd 30 den 50 di^m biy, lai cac diem nay, bay dgt ca tren mat ddt va tren cay (each mat ddt 5-10 m). Khoang each giua hai diem bdy lien tilp it nhat la 10 m. Mdi nhi; la san cii tuoi, diia qua chin, hgt hudng duang, hat bi rang vd dau chudi Tdt ca cac bay deu dupc kiem tra va thay mdi vao moi budi sang (6-7h).
Cac mau gam nham sa bay d u a c dinh logi, do cac chi lieu hinh thai va xac dinh trang thai CO the (cap tudi, trang thdi sinh san, nudi con,..) theo L u n d e e t al. (2001) [10], Dang Huy Huynh va^nnk. (2008) [4] va Francis (2008) [5], ISy mau phan ti'ch DNA, chup hinh va sau dd dupc tha lai thien nhien lai noi bat. Doi vdi moi loai
giii lgi 2-4 mau vat (due va cai) ciing vdi ca the bj chet, bj t h u a n g n§ng, dgc biet Id cac mau vat kho d|nh loai hogc nghi n g d lodi mdi de lam tieu ban cho nghien ciiu tiep theo. Chiing toi da sir dyng 300 bay cac loai vdi tdng so 4.500 ngay.bay d u p c thuc hi?n 6 tat cd cac diem khao sdt,
Khdo sdt theo luyen: d u p c sir dung de quan sat true tiep cac loai hogc gidn tiep qua cdc ddu vet boat dgng ciia chiing (ldi di, hang td, tieng keu, , , , ) . Cac tuyen dieu tra xuyen qua cac dang sinh canh khac nhau ciia moi khu vuc khdo sat, CO chieu dai 3-5 km moi tuyen, tuy thudc dieu kien dja hlnh. Cac dung cu dieu tra bao gdm ong nhdm, may anh, ban do dia hinh va may dinh vj dja ly GPS. Vi dia hinh cac khu vuc nghien ciiu rdt phtic tgp, nguy hiem nen cac khao sdt theo tuyen d u p c thuc hien chii y£u ban ngay, khao sat ban dem chi thuc hien hgn chl d nhiing tuyen phii hpp va chii yeu de quan sat cac loai sdc bay. Tat ca cd 16 tuyen khao sat d u p c thiet lap va tdng chieu ddi cdc tuyen khao sat ban ngay Id 105,5 km vd khao sat ban dem la 60,5 km.
Phdn tich so lieu: Danh sdch cac loai gam nhdm d u p c xay d u n g theo he thong phan logi ciia Wilson e t a l . (2005) [16]. Dp phong phii ciia cac loai d u a c xac dinh dieo tSn suat bdt gap tren cac tuyen khao sdt va hieu qud bay bdt. Tdn suit bat gap (ca the/km) la thuong sd giiia sd ca the quan sat dupc ciia moi loai vdi tdng sd kildmet tuyen khao sat da thuc hien. Hieu qud bay bdt (cd thi/ngay.bly) d u p c tinh bdng thuong so giua sd cd the bay bat d u p c cua mdi loai vdi tdng so ngay.bay da thuc hien.
KET QUA \ A THAO LUAN T h a n h p h a n loai g a m n h a m
Chung tdi da thu thap d u o c 83 mdu gam nhdm cua 23 loai. Ngoai ra, cd 4 lodi khdc duac quan sat khi dieu tra tuyen va 5 loai khac xac dinh qua cac m l u vat san bdt cua cac tho san cung nhu phdng van ngudi dan dia phuang Tdng cong, d a g h i nhdn d u o c 32 lodi gam nhdm.
Tham khao ket qua ciia cac tdc gid trudc day [11], chiing tdi da xdy d u n g dupc danh sach gam nham d V Q G P N K B gdm 35 loai thudc 5 hp (bang 1).
TAP CHI SINH HQC, 2013, 35(2): 185-192 Bdng 1. Danh sach cdc lodi gam nham da ghi nhdn d VQG PNKB
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Ten khoa hpc Sciuridae
Belomys pearsonii (Gray, 1842) Hylopeles alboniger (HodRson, 1836) Pelaunsia philippensis (Elliot, 1839) Petaurista elegans (MiiWer, 1840) Ralufa 6/co/or (Sparrman, 1778) Callosciunis erythraeus (Pallas, 1779) Callosciurus inornatus (Gray, 1867) Meneles berdmorei (Blyth, 1849) Dremomys rufigenis (Blanford, 1878) Tamiops maritimus (Bonhole, 1900) Tamiops rodolphii (Milne-Edwards, 1867) Spalacidae
Rhizomys pruinosus Blyth, 1851 Rhizomvs suinalrensis (Raffles, 1821) Muridae
Bandicota indica (Bechstein, 1800) Bandicota sauvilei Thomas 1916 Berylmys bowersi (Anderson, 1879) Leopoldamys sabanus [Thovca^, 1887) Leopoldamys edwardsi (Thomas, 1882) Maxomys moi (Robinson et Kloss, 1922) Maxomys surifer (MiWer, 1900) Chiropodomys gliroides (Blyth, 1856) Mus caroli Bonhote, 1902 Mus cervicolor Hodgson, 1845 Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 Mus pahari Thomas, 1916 Niviventer fulvescens (Gray, 1847) Nivivenier langbianis (Robinson el Kloss, 1922) Niviventer lenaster (Thomas, 1916 ) Rallus argenllvenler (Robinson et Kloss, 1916) Rallus nitidus (Hodgson, 1845)
Rallus tanezumi Temminck, 1844 Rallus andamanensis (Blyth, 1860)
Atherurus macrourus (Linnaeus, 1758) Hysirix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758 Laonestidae
Laonasles aenigmamus Jenkins et al., 2005
Ten phd thdng H p S d c Sdc bay Idng chan Sdc bay den trdng Soc bay trau Sdc bay sao Sdc den Sdc bung dd Sdc bung xdm Soc van lung Sdc mdm hung Sdc chugt hai nam Sdc chudt Ilia Ho Dui Diii mdc ldn Diii ma vdng Ho Chudt Chudt dat ldn Chudt dat be Chupt mdc Idn Chudt niii dudi dai Chudt huou Idn Chudt xu-n ldng mem Chudt xu-ri Chudt nhat cay Chudt nhdt ddng Chudt nhat hoang Chudt nhat nhd Chuot nhat nuong Chudt huou be Chudt lang bi an Chudt niii ddng duong Chudt bung bac Chudt bdng Chudt nha Chudt rimg Ho Nhim Don Nhi'm dudi ngan Ho Chuot trudng son Chudt trudng son
Tu lieu
S 0 0 0 0s
+ S
s s s
H I H S
s s s s s s s
+
s
S S
s s
+
s s s
H 1
s
•. theo tai lieu
So voi danh sach cac thti gam nham da ghi argenlivenler va Mus musculus, nhung da bo nhan trudc nam 2002 [11], chiing 101 khong ghi sung them 6 loai. Belomys pearsonii, Pelaunsia nhin duoc 3 loai Callosciurus inornatus, Rallus elegans, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Chiropodomys
187
Nguyen Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Nguyen Duy Luong gliroides, Niviventer langbianis vk Laonasles
aenigmamus Dgc bi?t, chiing tdi dd thu dupc mau vdt ciia lodi Laonasles aenigmamus, lodi thii nay dupc phdt bi^n nam 2005 d khu vuc Hin Nam Nd, tinh Kham Mupn (CHDCND Lao).
Loai nay cd ten tieng Anh la Laotian Rock Rat [6] vd dupc xem la loai "hda thgch song" ciia bp Diatomydae da bi tuyet chiing each day 11 tri?u nam [2]. Loai nay dupc d^t tfin Vi?t Nam la Chupl trudng son khi dupc phat hien vd nghien ciiu chi tiet tren mau thu dupc tit VQG PNKB [3].
D$ phong phii ciia g^m nham
Trong dpt khao sal thang 8 va 9/2011, cluing tdi da lien hanh xac dinh dg phong phu
ciia mpt so lodi g$m nham tgi 3 khu vuc: Ma Rinh Mdi (xa Hda Son), Hang En (xd Thupng Hda) vd Hung Dang (xS Thupng Trgch) dua tren ldn suat quan sat va hi^u qua bay bat. Trong qua trinh khao sat ban ngdy, chiing toi da nghe dupc rit nhieu diem sdc keu, nhimg do tang rirng rgm rap nen chi quan sat true tiep dupc khoang 20 ca the. So li?u nay rd rang khdng phdn anh thuc te su phong phii ciia cac quan the sdc trong khu vuc nghiSn ctiu. Ddi vdi cac loai sdc bay, vdi tdng chieu dai tuyen khao sat ban dem Id 50,2 km, da quan sat dupc 4 loai vdi tan suat bdt gap cao nhat thugc loai sdc bay long chan (9,96 ca the/km) vd sdc bay trdu (7,97 ca the/km) (bdng 2).
Bang A STT
1 2 3 4
Tan suat bat gap cac loa Ten khoa hpc Belomys pearsonii Hylopeles alboniger Pelaunsia philippensis Pelaunsia elegans
soc bay 0 VQG PNKB Ten pho thdng Soc bay long chan Soc bay den trang Soc bay trau Soc bay sao
So lan bat gap
5 5 4 1
So ca the quan sat
5 1 4 1
Tan suat 9,96 1,99 7,97 1,99
Dan vi tinh tan suat la ca the/100 km.
Vdi long sd 3.900 ngdy bay thuc hien, da thu duoc 76 mau ciia 18 loai gam nhdm, tir do
xac dinh ty 1? bat gap va hieu qud bay bat ciia mdi loai nhu trong bdng 3.
Bang 3 STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ty le bat gap va hieu qua bay Ten khoa hoc
bat cua gam nham 0 VQG P N K B Ten phd thong Nhiing loai chuyen song 0 rung
Chiropodomys gliroides Leopoldamys edwardsi Leopoldamys sabanus Maxomys moi Maxomys surifer Niviventer fulvescens Nivivenier langbianis Niviventer lenasler
Chuot nhat cay Chuot h u o u I d n Chuot mil duoi dai Chuot xu-ri long nieni Chudt xu-ri Chuot huou be Chugt lang bi an Chudt mil dong duong
Tong 1 9
10 11 12 13 14
NhQng loai khong chuyen so Callosciurus erylliraeus Meneles berdmorel Dremomys nifigenis Tamiops marilimus Tamiops rodolphii Berylmys bowersi
lg 0 rimg Soc bung do Soc van lung Soc mdm bung Sdc chudt hai nam Sdc chudt Ilia Chuot moc Idn
N 4 2 12 1 12 10 2 6 49 2 1 1 2 1 9
P ( % ) 5,26 2,63 15,79
1,32 15,79 13,16 2,63 7,89 64,47%
2,63 1,32 1,32 2,63 1,32 11,84
E 0,103 0,051 0,308 0,026 0,308 0,256 0,051 0,154 1,256 0,051 0,026 0,026 0,051 0,026 0,205
TAP CHI SINH H O C 2013, 35(2); 185-192 15
16 17 18
Mus cervicolor Mus pahari Rallus nitidus Rallus andamanensis
Chudt nh3t hoang Chupt nhat nuong Chupt bong Chupt rung
Tong 2 T6nB(H21:
3 2 1 4 27 76
3,95 2,63 1,32 5,26 35,52%
100%
0,077 0,051 0,026 0,103 0.692 1,949 N, so mau vat thu duac; P. ly 1? phan trdm so vdi ldng sd mau thu dupc; E, hi^u qua bay bit (ci the/100 ngay bay).
Theo Sokolov et al. (1992, 1993)[13, 14], Kuznetsov et al. (1998) [7], Kuznetsov (2001, 2006) [8, 9 ] , gam nham cd the chia thdnh 2 nhdm sinh thdi lorn: nhdm 1: chuyen d rirng, gdm nhirng loai chi sdng d rimg nguyen sinh va rimg thii sinh it l>i tac dpng; nhdm 2: khdng chuyen d rimg, gom nhung loai cd the sdng d rirng da bi suy thoai manh hodc cac sinh canh khdng phai la rimg. Trong sd 18 loai gam nham bdy b i t dupc d V Q G P N K B , cd 8 Ioai thupc nhdm chuyen d rimg vd 10 loai thugc nhdm khdng chuyen d rimg (bang 3). So mau cua nhdm chuyen d rimg chiem 64,47% tdng sd mau thu dupc va hieu qud bdy bdt chiing la 1,256 ca lhe/100 ngay.bay. Trong khi dd, sd mau thu dupc ciia 10 loai khdng chuyen d rirng chi chiem 35,52% tdng sd mau va hieu qua bay bat chi dat 0,692 cd th5/100 ngay.bay. Dgc biet, 2 gidng Leopoldamys va Maxomys co ty le thu dupc mdu vd hieu qud bay bat cao nhat. Cdc ket qua ndy lien quan den tinh trang rimg cdn it bi tac ddng d cdc kliu vuc khdo sat.
Nghien ciiu ciia nhieu tdc gid [7, 8, 9, 13, 14,..] cung cho thay, d p phong phii ciia cac lodi gam nham thudng rat thap d cac sinh canh rirng nhiet ddi nguyen sinh. S u tac ddng viia phdi den rirng nguyen sinh se dan den s u gia tang ca sd
lupng Ioai va dp phong phii ciia g§m nham, do xuat hien them cdc 6 sinh thai mdi. Hi^u qud bay bdt gam nham d VQG Pii Mdt (Nghe An) la 1,6 ca the/100 ngay.bay [12]; a rirng Budn Ludi, (huyen KBang, Gia Lai) khodng 2,0 [14)];
d VQG Ba Vi (Hd Ngi) Id 2,5 [7]; d VQG Vu Quang (Ha TTnh) Id 3,7 [8]. N h u vgy, hieu qud bay b i t 1,949 cd thl/IOO ngdy.bay xac djnh dupc d VQG PN-KB la phii hpp vdi cac ket qua nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gid ndi tren.
Gia trj bao ton ciia khu h^ g a m n h a m 6' V Q G P N K B
Khu he gam nhdm d VQG PNKB kha da dang va phong phii. Vdi 35 Ioai thugc 20 gidng va 5 hg da dupc ghi nhgn, khu he gam nham d day chiem 5 0 % tdng sd loai, 69% tdng sd gidng va 100% tdng sd hp cua khu he ggm nham d Viet Nam. Trong dd cd mdt loai, Chudt truoTig son (Laonasles aenigmamus), ddng thdi ciing la mpt hg (Laonestidae) lan ddu tien dupc ghi nhgn cho Viet Nam. Trong so 35 lodi gam nham dupc ghi nhgn d VQG PNKB, cd 6 loai can dupc u u tien bao tdn, bao gom 5 loai cd ten trong Sach Dd Viet Nam (2007) [1], 2 lodi trong Danh Luc Dd lUt^N (2012) va 3 lodi trong Nghi Dinh 32/2006/ND-CP (bang 4).
Bang 4. Cac loai gam nham cd gia tri bao ton cao o VQG PNKB STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ten khoa hoc Ralufa bicolor Belomys pearsonii Hylopeles alboniger Petaurista elegans Petaurista philippensis Laonasles aenigmamus
Ten phd thong Sdc den Sdc bay long chan Sdc bay den trang Sdc bay sao Sdc bay trau Chudt trudng son
ND32
IIB IIB IIB
SDVN VU CR VU EN VU
lUCN NT
EN ND32, Nghi Dinh 32/2006/ND-CP, SDVN. Sach Dd Viet Nam (2007), lUCN. Danh lug Do lUCN (2012);
CR. Rat nguy cap; EN. Nguy cap; VU. Sfi nguy cap; LR. nguy co thdp; NT. Gan bj de dpa; DD. Thilu W ii?u;
IIB, Cac loai duoc han che khai thac, sii dung vi muc dich thuang mai.
Nguyen Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Nguyen Duy Luong Kliu h? g?im nh^m 6 VQG PNKB dang bj
de dga bdi tinh trgng s3n bSn, bay bat dpng vgt hoang d3 vd su suy thoai rirng do vi?c khai thdc go trai phep. Loai sdc den bj de dga chii yeu bdi ngn san bSn, do chiing co ki'ch cd Idn va hogt dpng ban ngdy nen thu hiit su chii y ciia cdc thp sdn. Cac lodi sdc bay nhu Belomys pearsonii, Hylopeles alboniger, Petaurista elegans va Pelaunsia philippensis khdng phai la myc tieu sdn ban true tilp ciia thp sdn do chiing hogt dpng ban dem vd an minh trong cac tang rirng kin, khd phat hien. Tuy nhien, chiing la loai chuyen song d rirng vd can cac cdy go cao dl lam td va kiem dn nen rat nhgy cam vdi su suy thodi rimg do chdt phd cdc cay go Idn. Vi?c phat hi?n loai Chugt trudng son (Laonasles aenigmamus) cd y nghTa khoa hgc va bdo ton cao [3]. Loai nay cung dang bi de dga nghiem trgng bdi hogt dgng bay chugt lam thuc pham hang ngay ciia ngudi ddn dja phuong Vi vay, de bdo ton cac loai gam nham bj de dpa tuyet chiing hien cdn d VQG PNKB, Ban quan ly VQG can ldng cudng cdng tdc kiem sodt ngn san bat dgng vat hoang da va khai thdc Iam san bat hpp phdp.
Khao sat dd ghi nhan dupc 32 lodi gam nham va xac lap danh sach gam nhdm VQG PNKB gom 35 Ioai thudc 20 gidng vd 5 hp.
Trong dd cd 6 lodi dang bi de dpa tuy?t chiing trong nudc vd tren the gioi va mpt loai mdi phat hien cho Viet Nam (Chudt tnrdng son Laonasles aenigmamus).
Hieu qua bay bat ti'nh chung cho 18 lodi gam nham Id 1,949 cd thl/100 ngay.bay, Hieu qua bay bat cua cac Ioai chuyen d rirng Idn hon, gan gdp 2 Ian so vdi hi^u qua bay bdt cac Ioai khdng chuyen d rirng (1,256 so vdi 0,692 ca the/100 ngay/bay); dieu nay la do sinh cdnh rimg nguyen sinh cdn it bj tac dgng d cac khu vuc nghien ciiu.
Trong sd 35 loai gam nham dupc ghi nhdn d VQG PNKB, cd 6 Ioai can dupc uu tien bao ton, bao gom 5 loai cd ten trong Sach Dd Vici Nam (2007), 2 lodi trong Danh Luc Dd lUCN (2012) va 3 loai trong Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND- CP. Cac nguy co dc dga chinh doi vdi khu he
thii g$m nham 6 VQG PNKB la cac hogt dgng san bdt dpng vgt hoang dd va khai thac Iam sdn trai phep, vi vgy VQG PNKB can cd cdc bien phap kiem soat chSt che! cac tac dgng lieu cue ndy.
LM cdm i/n: Nghien ciiu nay dupc tai irp bdi:
Chuong trinh hpp tac quoc te ve nghien ciiu thii nhd d cdc h? sinh thai rimg Viet Nam ciia Vien Sinh thai va Tdi nguyen sinh vdt; du an KfW/GIZ "Bao tdn va quan Iy ben viing ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien khu vuc VQG PNKB" va Id chiic The Nagao Natural Environment Foundation Scholarship Foundation. Mgt so thiet bj khao sat hi?n trudng cung dupc cung cap bdi td chiic Idea Wild (USA).
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1. Bg Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe, Vi?n Khoa hoc va Cdng ngh? Viet Nam, 2007. Sach Dd Viet Nam. Phan I. Dgng vat. Nxb. Khoa hgc tu nhien va Cdng nghe, Hd Ngi.
2. Dawson M R., Manvaux L., Chuan-kui Li, Beard K. C , Gregoire Metais, 2006.
Laonasles and the"Lazarus effect" in Recent mammals. Science, 311: 1456-1458.
3. Nguyen Xudn Dang, Nguyen Xuan NghTa, Nguyen Manh Ha, Le Diic Minh, Nguyen Duy Luang, 2012. Phat hien Ioai gam nhim
"Hda thgch sdng" (Laonestes aenigmanus) a Phong Nha-Ke Bang, Viet Nam. Tgp chi Sinh hpc, 34(0:40-47
4. Francis Ch., 2008. A guide to mammals of Southeast Asia. Princeton Unv. Press, UK, 392 pp.
5. Ddng Huy Huynh, Cao Van Sung, Le Xuan Canh, Pham Trpng Anh, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Hodng Minh Khien, Nguyen Minh Tam, 2008. Dpng vat chi Viet Nam Tap 25.
Ldii Thii-Mammalia. Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thugt. Ha Npi, 362 tr.
6. Jenkins P D., Kilpatrick C. W., Robinson
M. P., Timmins R. J., 2005. Morphological
and molecular investigations of a new
family, genus and species of rodent
(Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognalha)
from Lao PDR. Syslemalics and
Biodiversity, 2(4): 419-454.
TAPCHISINHHQC, 2013,35(2): 185-192 7. Kuznetsov G. V., Puzachenko U. G., Phan
Luong, Lozinov G. L., 1998. Su phdn bo theo sinh canh cua dpng vat g | m nham song tren mat dat trong rimg nhi$t ddi dm gid niiia viing niii Bac Viet Nam. Tuyin tgp bdo cao khoa hgc. Quyen 1. Sinh thdi nhiet ddi va Y hgc nhiet ddi. Trung tdm Nhi?t ddi Viet-Nga, Ha Ndi, 43-57
8 Kuznetsov G V., Borisenko A. B., Rhoznov V. V., 2 0 0 1 . Composition of mammal fauna in Vu Quang NP. In
"Reports of zoo-botanic studies in Vu Quang NP, Ha Tinh province, Vietnam.
Moscow, Hanoi, Tropical Centre, 161-189.
(lieng Nga).
9. Kuznetsov G. V., 2006 Mammal of Vietnam. KMK Scientific Press Ltd., Moscow, 420pp. (tieng Nga).
10. Lunde D. P., Son N. T., 2001, An Identification Guide to the Rodent of Vietnam. Amencan Museum of Natural History, New York, 80pp.
11. Meijboom M., Ho Thi Nggc Lanh, 2002.
He dgng - thuc vat d Phong Nha - Ke Bang va Hin Nam No. Du an LINC-WWF, Quang Binh, Viet Nam.
12. SFNC, 2000. Pumat: A biodiversity survey of a Vietnamese protected area. Vinh, Vietnam; SFNC, Nghe An.
13. Sokolov V E., Shipanov N A., Shilova
S. A., 1992. Perspectives of using population approach in analysis of anthropogenic dynamics of tropical ecosystems. Achievments of Modern Biology, 112(1): 130-138. (In Russian).
14. Sokolov V. E , Shilova S. A., Gromov V.
S., Shekarova O. N., Shipanov N. A., 1993.
Some aspects of ecology and behaviour of M. surifer Miller, 1990. J. Ecology, 3 46- 53.
15. Timmins R J., Do Tuoc, Trinh Viet Cuong, Hendrichsen D., 1999. A preliminary assessment of the conservation importance and conservation priorities of the Phong Nha - Ke Bang Proposed National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Fauna &
Flora Intemational Indochina Programme.
Hanoi
16. Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (eds.), 2005.
Mammal species o f t h e worid: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition, vol.
I&2, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2141p.
17. Ziegler T„ Vu Ngpc Thanh, 2009, Mudi nam nghien cun da dang sinh hpc ludng cu, bd sat ciia VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang, Mien Trung Viet Nam. Trong sach "VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang vd Vudn Thii Cologne: 10 nam hop tdc (1999-2009)". Sd Thdng tin va Truyen thdng Quang Binh, TP Ddng Hdi, 38-60.
RESULTS O F S U R V E Y ON R O D E N T S IN P H O N G N H A - K E BANG N A T I O N A L P A R K A R E A , Q U A N G BINH P R O V I N C E
Nguyen X u a n N g h i a ' , Nguyen Xuan D a n g ' , Nguyen Duy Luong^
'Institute of Ecology anh Biological Resources, VAST
^Fauna and Flora International (FFI Vietnam)
SUMMARY
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (PNKB NP). located in Quang Binh Province, with total area of 85,755 ha, has high national and global biodiversity conservation significance. However, rodent fauna in the National Park is pooriy studied. Prelimmary sun/cys conducted before 2002 has recorded only 29 species.
Nguyen Xuan Nghia, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Nguyen Duy Luong During 2007 and 2011, we conducted rodent surveys in 4 aieas of core zone and expanded zone of PNKB NP:
Cha Noi area (17''28"N, lOe'Ofi'E) and Hung Dang area (17''38"N, I06''04"E) located in Thuong Trach commune (Bo Trach DisUict); Ma Rinh Moi area (17''42'N. 105°5rE) located in Hoa Son Commune and Hang En area (I7''42'N, I05''59'E), located in Thuong Hoa Commune (Minh Hoa District). ToUlly, 16 survey transects were established with 105,5 km ofdaylime survey and 60,5 km of night survey were made.
Three liundri;d (300) live traps were used and 4,500 Irap.nighl were made. This survey recorded 32 rodent species, of which 23 species have specimens, 4 species were observed in ihc wild and 5 species were recorded by liuiiling specimens and interviewing local residents The updated list of rodents in PNKB NP consists of 35 species belonging to 5 families (Sciuridae. II species, Spalacidae: 2 species, Muridae: 19 species, HyslricidaL" 2 species and Laonestidae: I species) In comparison with previous list of rodent species in PNKB NP, this study could not find 3 species, however, added 6 olher species including the first record of Luulian Rock Rat (Laonasles aenigmamus) in Vietnam, Within 4 flying squirrel species recorded, highest encounter rale belongs to Belomys pearsonii (9.96 individuals/km) and Pelaunsia philippensis (7.97 individuals/km). Overall trap success of 18 rodent species is 1,949 individuals/100 Irap.nighl and trap success of 8 sine I-forest species is almost twice higher Ihan those of 10 not stnct-forest species (1.256 vs 0.692 individuals/lOO Irap.nighl) This fael is related lo liUle affected primary forest in the survey areas. There are 6 species of conservation priority including 5 spceies enlisted in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007), 2 species enlisted in 2012 lUCN Red List and 3 species enlisted in Govcmmenlal Decree 32/2006/ND-CP. Rodent fauna in PNKB NP is threatened by illegal wildlife hunting/trapping and forest quality degradation by timber removal.
Keywords: Mammalia, Rodentia, Annamite Rat, Biodiversity, Phong Nha-Ke Bang.