Tap chi so 17, thang 4-2016, Ovitmg Bai hoe Tav Ngi
T R I E T L Y T R U N G D U N G C U A N H O G I A O S O K Y
, , . Tran Hihi Thirong' Ngay nhan bar 04,'3/20]6: Ngav phin bien thong qua- I4/3/20I6: Nga> duyet dana: 2S.'.1/2016
TOM TAT
Trong Nho g,ao so ky. trift I5; Trung dung the hien mot nguyen tic tu dttong, n,at duotte I6i hanh dong ung xu dtrgc co, la dung dan va co hieu qua cua nguoi duoc goi la quan t i . Bai viit itroc trinh bay dito, day nham lam ro no, dung co ban cua triet ly nay dtra vao sach Tmng dung - mottrong bdn tac pham ktnh d,e!i cua nho g,a. c o . &
Tir khoa. Tr„„g dung. Nho gido; Nho g,c,o sa ky, l . M t i D A U
Hon 2500 nam ton ta, \ a phat trign voi biit bao thang ttam, liic thinh luc suy, luc bi bai xich luc duoc trong dung, Nho giao da chtrng to la t n i t thuyet chinh tri dao due cti mot sue song lau bin trong hch sir tu tuong nhan loai. Nhtrng anh huong cua Nho giao trong lich su din ngay nay da m,nh chung cho dieu do. DT nhien day khong phai la noi
Trung dung: "khong thien lech goi la trung, khong thay dai goi la dung, tiling la duong chinh trong thien ha, dung !a le nhAt djnh trong thien ha" [2, 867]. Phan Boi Chau trong Kl,6i,g hoc cimg giai thich rang, chir "Trung" co hai nghia: khong thai qua khong bat cap tire la trung; khong thien lech ve mot phia nao, khong nghieng dtra vao mot phia nao cung tue la trung. "Dung", nghta la thttong toan bo Nho g,ao ma la sire song ctia nhtrng triii ciing nghia la dimg Dung nghra dao ly ma tltuong ly CO y nghia, co gia tn thuc su Dii thai dai co dii
thay nhung nhihig chan gia tri thi vln truong Ion Trong rat nhieu gia tri nt tttong ciia Nho giao so ky, Trung dung la mot triit ly dong vai tro quan trong 7™n,g Dung tnrdc hit la ten mot tac phjm kinh dien trong bo "Tu thu" {Dai hoc, Manh Tu, Luan Ngir, Trung dung), chira dung la mot triit ly sau xa ciia Nho giao so ky, khong chi ti trinh do cao v i ly luan ma con co gia tri Ion v i phuong phap thuc
thuong diing dugc luon goi bing "dung" [3, 289].
Vay, Tr„„g la 0 giira nhttng thai cue, la cai diing va cong la chinh dao, D„„g la giin di binh thucmg.
Cho n6n, "Mpt eh6 vita luon luon dung la 6 giita goi la "trung" vt'ra luon luon la cho chinh thutmg ggi 14 "dung", gop lai ggi la "trung dung" [2, 342], Vol Nho giao, Trung dung khong chi la phuong phap xit the (nhan dao), ma no con la dag cua djt trcri, van vat (thien dao) va dao cua nhiing bac .: . ° ' " " • - K " " " " 6 Hi'ip'"lie ••-•, >^,, . „ , i,iuicn uaoj va 030 CUa UhUng baC ,en. Vl v?y ngh,en cuu Nho giao so ky khong thi thanh nhan (thanh dao), nen no mang cho cai triit khong ban den triel IvTninnH,m„ 1,-, „.„.;?„ , , : . , ; , ; . . . . • . . . . „ '=
khong ban din triii ly Trung dung
2. NQI DDNG VA PHI/ONG PHAP NGHIEN
2.L N()i flung
Co Ihi khing dinh Trung dung khong phai la mot phat minh cua Khong Tu, ma ngay ttr then cua Nghieu, Thuan tu tuong nay da duoc de cip Sach Thufmg r;,ir da thuat lai loi vua Thuin truyin ngoi cho vua Vu- "So lich ciia troi o minh nguoi nguoi phai len ngoi vua diing dju! Long ngutii duong nguy] Long dao duong suy] Phii tinh] phai nhil]
Cam dung dao tmng" [9, 33], Dao trung 6 day dutic COI la dao triii. Ngay tir thoi i y eon nguiii da biet song thuin theo le cua tu nhien, cho nen Iheo dao thi linh. tranh dao thi dir. phim lam viec gl cung phai hap vi, Heo Iruug Tuv nhiiin, phii
ly cao sau vi dicu ctia dao Nho.
Ciing trong Khong hoc dang. Phan Boi Chau da nhin xet: "Ban sach nay a trong Khing hpc la mpt ban sach rat cao, ban dao ly rat tham thuy, gop ca thien dao v i nhin sir, dii c i ly luan va su that.
Xem g tren mat chir va chugng cti, khong dugc de hieu nhu Dai hoc v i Luin ngir" [I, 279], Thtrc ra CO nhieu tac phim ciia Nho giao sg ky d i cap den Trung dung nhu Luin ngir, Dai hpc Manh Tir v i c i trong Kinh Xuan Thu..., song bin luan diy du va sau sac nhat ve ttiet ly nay vin chi co sich Trung clung nhu dung ten gpi cila no.
2.2. Phirtmg phdp nghien ciru
De lam sing to noi dung v i danh gii t n i t [y trung dung chiing toi van dung c i c nguyen tic cua phep bicn chtrng duy vat kit hgp su dung cic , ; ,.,-. - r, ' " J llllieiL, piiai . " a piltJJ UICII CllUllg
den Khong Tir, Trung dung mgi dugc bin din mot phirong phip nghien ciru khoa hpc c h u n a ' n h ^ T "
cach sau sac v i irg thanh mpt tnit ly that su. sinh, dii chiiu va chii giai tin lieu, p h i „ ,""h ' ° Sau niy, Trinh Ttt diii T i n g da dinh nghTa ' ° " 8 hop, trite Hrgng hoa va khii quit h6a / ThS ,nrung Cao Dang Y Te Hue
Tac g,a l,i„ he Tran lh-„, Thuang OT OWSSmSS.Ema,, ,h,l„,ang',iiccly,hue eduvn
Tap chi so 17, thang 4-2016, tnrdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Tir thiin dao din nhan dgo
Sach Trung dung md diu bing cau- Thien menh chi vt linh, sudt linh chi vi dgo, lu dao chi vt gido. Ngav- lir chucmg dau lien, cau nay da nhan manh Trung dung la dao. ma gdc ciia nd xuat phal tir ihien menh. Can hieu rang d day, thien menh ehua nghieng han theo hudng duy tam, ma chu yeu nhan manh dao ly eua trdi dat va luat tac cua ty nhien. Hieu Iheo nghia nhu vay, ihi ihien menh Irong saeh Trung dung cung khdng khac nhieu so vdi Dao ciia Lao Tu.
Ta biet rang, cac nha Nho ihudng dung pham trii Thien menh de Iy giai sy hop ly ciia thyc tai, cua trat tu van val, ciia sinh menh con ngudi. Doc het saeh Trung dung, ta se de dang nhan xhky.
xuyen sudi sach lir md dau ndi din Thien menh la cai goe ciia dao, tilp den ban ra mgt each sau rdng ve the sy nhan tinh va ket thiic thi hudng din cai minh dirc ttrc la cai tam sang d con ngudi.
Nha nghien cuu Ly Minh Tuin nhan xef "Minh dii-c cua ehuang cuoi lai la mdt ten goi khac ciia thien menh chucmg dau" [9, 1412]. Cai trdi ban cho ggi la Tinh, Tinh d day chinh la tinh ban nhien cita eon ngudi va van vat. Cai ydi ban cho ky la cai sin cd, cai tinh ban diu, theo each ndi cua Khdng Tu linh tuong cdn Manh Tir quy cho dd la tinh then.
theo Tuan Tu Ihi do la linh dc Cai Tinh ma saeh Trung dung ban den d day cd le gan vdi quan niem ctja Khdng Tir hon. Ta bill ring Khdng Tu it ndi den tinh, "linh tuong can" cua Khong tir la eai tinh khong thien khdng ac, la cai tinh chua phan bict, hay ban linh ty nhien, Irdi ban cho; "Thupc vl Ihien goi bang "menh", phu vao ngudi ta roi thdi ggi bing
"tinh". Menh vdi tinh chi ed mdl le ma thdi. vay nen thiin tinh hay nhten linh va nhdn linh la mgt
Dieu cdt yeu trong Trung dung la ly v l Dao, lir thien dao den nhan dao, khdng chi la le ciia tu nhien. Trung dung cdn dugc irng dung trong cae Unh vyc cua ddi sdng xa hoi. Iir dao dirc tu than den ly ludng ehinh tri xa hgi. Sach Trung dung danh nhieu chuong ban ve van de chinh tri dudi su soi sang ciia dao Trung dung.
Viec Chinh tri theo Khdng Tir gom chin dao thudng- "Sua ddi chinh minh, tdn trgng hiln nhan.
Uian yeu ngudi than, kinh trong dai thin, thuong dan nhu con. vd ve cdng nhan. hda nha ngudi \ a , bao boe chu hau" [9, 1313]. Dl thi hanh chin dao Ihudng. Iheo Khdng Tu chi cd mdt dilu, do la di trong (va theo) dao Trung dung, la con dudns khdng qua, khdng bat cap, khdng thien khdng leeh ma di trong dao trung va ehinh. Cach nhin vl chinh tn trong saeh Trung dung, do vay eung phii
hgp vdi sach Dai hgc. xuat phat lir Iu Ihan, sira minh, tire giir tam cho thuan nhat, ehinh Eryc theo dijng tinh trung san cd nai minh Thanh ra mdi cd cau Tu dgg chi vt gido
Dgc sach Trung dung, ta nhan ra Ihem mdt pham chat quan trgng eiia ngudi quan tir nhu nhan xet ciia Khdng Tu: quan tu trung dung, lieu nhan phan Trung dung. Trung dung la dirc cua ngudi quan tir, ngudi ma trong hanh ddng va irng xu khdng bao gid thai qua hay bat cap. Trong sach Ludn ngii-. Khdng Ttr da cho ta t h i y dilu nay;
ngudi quan tu tir tu each, ihai do din dirc hanh, tir t n thirc den hanh dgng cita khdng n i m ngoai pham vi lac dung cua dao Trung dung. Vay sach Trung dung cdn lam rd Ihem pham dtic eiia m i u ngudi ly tudng theo ehu Iruong nha Nho
3.2. TlT Trung den Hda
Diem quan trgng nhat ctia trill ly Trung dung la trung, bdi day la thien tinh san cd ciia con ngudi.
Saeh Trung dung viel ring, "Mirng gian, ihuong vui chua phat ra ggi la trung; phal ra ma diu trimg muc ggi la hda. Trung la cai goe Idn eiia mgi ngudi, hda ia dudng Idi thanh tuu cua mpi ngudi"
[9, 1209]. Sach nay nhan manh ring, cai "Ihien menh chi vi tinh" ia due trung, nen nd lit goe ldn cita moi ngudi. Trung dung la djnh lual cita trdi, nhung ciing la due tinh san cd o con ngudi; cai mirng. gian. thuang, vui la dai dien cho tinh cam thudng cd ciia con ngudi, cdn trong sau thim tam thirc, trong eai tam ban nguyen khi chira tilp xiie vdi vat. cai tam the ban diu la trung. Nha nghien ciru Ly Minh Tuan eung cd quan dilm nhu vay khi nhan dinh: "Trung la trang thai ban nguyen ban sa ciia tinh, tire la d muc hoan thien, thudng hing"
[9, 1214] Vay. Trung la trang thai ma tinh chua lay ddng, tire khdng bt thien lech bdi sy tac dpng ciia ngoai gidi. nghia la cdn thuan nhit.
Nha Phat ciing ban den cai tam trung nhu the.
dd la cai tam khdng phan biet, nhu tudng bach, khdng bt vat dye che lap, la cai Ihiy ban diu, cai nghe ban dau, cat -viie cham ban dau ,, neu eon ngudi sdng duge vdt nd ihi cudc sdng ciia hg se an lac hanh phiic.
""Trung" trong sach Trung dung ludn tuong quan chat che vdi ""hda": '"trung la cai thl, hda la eai dung, mgt ben llnh mdt ben ddng, cd khac nhau. nhung cai the eo dung len thi cai dung mdi (hue hanh dugc, nen ky thuc khdng phai !a hai"
[3. 23]. Xet tren binh dien tucmg quan giira the va dung, trung la gdc cua hda, hda la sy bilu hien cua Irung Khdng the thau hieu duoc cai hda ciia vu try van vat neu khdng nam dugc eai Irung, ciing la gdc cua nd. Do \ a\. trung va hda tuy la hai nhung 1 0 9
Tap ehi sd 17, thang 4>2016, trudng Dai hoc Tay Nguven ISSN 1859--4611 that ra la mdl. cd trung mdi cd the dal den hda va
nguac lai, trung hda deu cd gdc tu dao. Cd trung hda mdi tinh mdi phat xuaL tire la cai Ihien menh noi ngudi duoc Irien khai rdt rao.
Sach Trnng dung cdn viet: "'Trung la gdc ldn ciia mgi ngudi, hda la dudng idi thanh tyu cua mpi ngudi" [9, 1209]. O day trung va hda duoc coi la thugc ve nhan dao. Trung la gdc Idn cua mgi ngudi vi dd la trang thai eon ngudi giir dugc linh ban nhien, tire la cdn trong giai doan thten menh chi vi tinh. Hda la dudng ldi thanh luu cua moi ngudi, vi no la mdt ly tudng sdng tdt dep; dal den trang thai hda thi trdi dat yen vui, van vat hanh phiic.
Sach Trung dung cung nhan manh chan ly rang, lam het mue dao trung hda thi trdi dit dugc diing ngdi. van vat duoc nudi nang. Lam cho het mirc tue la trd ve vdi eai tinh ban nhien mdt each rot rao, trgn ven. Neu nhan loai deu duoc giao hda de sang dugc thien tinh trong ban than minh liii dat den Iri irung boa: "Bay gid con ngudi se trd thanh nhihng eon ngudi ly tudng, tire la trd nen Tai nhan Irong Tam tai Thien Dia Nhan" [8, 32] Dd chinh la ly tudng sdng cao dep ma cac bac hien nhan hudng tdt Den day, con ngudt nhan ra va nam dugc quy luat van hanh ciia irdl dat, lu dd sdng hda duoc vdi trdi dat Trill ly sfing ciia con ngudi duoc nhan manh d day la hoa vdi ty nhien, song mudn vay tat phai hicu va tuan iheo qui luat ty nhien la Thien Dao trong sach Trung dung.
Nha nghien ciru Nguyen Hiln Le cdn phat hien. "Cd Ihe bao trung hda la quy iuat dilu hda, lual quan binh chi phdi vu iru. hi ngudi ta theo duoc thi xa hdi se y e n v u i " [4, 688]. Phat hien nay eho Ihiy su Iuong ddng ve ndi dung ciia trung dung vdl cac chii truang ciia Dao gia. Am duong gia, Phat giao . Tdm iai, hda la mdl thanh tyu khi Trung dung duoc khai trien mdt each diy dii, dat den trung hda tue la thanh tuu su vi dieu ciia trilt l>' Trung dung va dat den Thanh.
3.3. Thdnh Id chi dirc
Thanh la pham trii quan trgng ciia Nho giao sa ky ndi chung va trill ly Tnmg dung ndi neng, cd not dung the hien ly tucmg cua bae quan tir Sach Tiling dung danh nhieu chuong ban vc dire Thdnh: "Thanh ta dieu kien tu than cho dal duoc dao Trung dung", Thanh vdn la due linh cua trdi,
"Thanh la phep tac Ur nhien ciia su van hanh vu Ini. la nguyen ddng luc eua su biln hda cita vu try;
sy stnh hda eua trdi dil eht do mdl ly ia chi thanh.
thien ly dd ehi phdi khap noi. van val diu bi nd chi phdl" [4. 698-699]. ke ca eon ngudi
Vi thien tinh \dn Thdnh. vdn hoan thien nen
\ e u d i c h cua trung dung la phal Incn cai thien tinh
ay noi ngudi mdt each hoan ihien de hda hgp \ i^i dao ciia trdi. Ndi each khae. "Thanh tue la mgt each the phat trien loan dien ban tinh ciia mdt ca nhan" [6, 534], Nhd vao nd. con ngudi mdi dy phan minh vao vdi trdi dat mdt each hai hda.
Chinh Khdng Tir cung quy viec thye hanh dao Trung dung vao trong mdt chtj- Thanh, "dao trdi vdn di thanh". Nen viec ciia con ngudi d day la lam cho Thanh trd thanh dao ngudi.
Mac dil con ngudi vdn s i n cd thicn tinh ay, song khdng phai ai cung cd thl thi hanh duge dao Thdnh. IClidng Tu cho rang, sdng dugc vdi cai ly Thanh mdi la thanh nhan: song vdi cai thien tinh noi minh, lam cho minh din: iron diy, thanh thyc, hoan Ihien, con ngudi ay khdng can cd ging mit van dat duge, khdng can suy nghT ma van hieu dupc mgi le huyen vi, do chinh la lining dung Trung dgo. Tuy nhien, rat khd dat tdi bae thanh nhan. Chinh KJidng TtJ cung chua bao gid nhan minh la Thanh nhan hay bae Nhan; cd liic ong chi ty nhan minh la ngudi Ihich hgc hdi va tham ciu hieu biet ma thdi, Vay. Thanh trong Trung dung cd ham ngliTa phong phit ma hel sire sau sSc, khdng chi don gian !a tiianh thyc ma edn bao ham sy hoan thien, thuan nhat. sang id khdng sai lim.
Tpt dinh cita Thanh trong Trung dung la dal dcn bae Chi ihanh, dd la ngudi ma trong long khdng edn mpt chiit Iu due hay vpng niem nao, ma chi cd cat ban tinh uyen nguyen trdi phit cho, eai thien tinh sang td Iron day, do vay ma thiu rd va Ihyc hanh trgn ven cai ban tinh i y trong minh. Bac Chi thanh do vay, khdng chi tu lam nen minh, ma con lam cho vat trd thanh vat, qua dd ma cam hda duge nhan sinh ciing mdn vat
Vua Thuan dugc nha Nho eoi la mgt bac nhu the, vi "Thuin cd "dao chi thanh", nen khiln cho ngudi cha ngoan, ngudi me ngan, ngudi em ngao, Ihay diu bl cam hda vdi minh" [ I , 316]. D I d?t den bac Chi thanh ed le chi ed bac Cht thanh (thanh nhan tdt dinh) mdi lam duge, bdi su rang budc ciia cac dieu kien: "thdng minh tue tri dii d l cai tri, khoan thai, rdng rai, dn hoa, nhu thuan dii de ma bao dung; phan phat. tu cuong cang diing nghi luc de ma giu gin, Iraigidi, nghiem trangi trung dung, chinh irye dii de ma giu mkm kinh can; cd van, cd ly, can ke, minh bach, du d l ma phan biet su ly'" [5. 113] Vay bac Chi tharih va hac Chi thanh tuy hai ma la mdt. Chi thanh la kit qua hien Ihuc, Chi thanh kha nang thien tinh. Nhit Nho COI Vua Nghieu. vua Thuan la nhCrng bac nhu vav 3.4. Phdm due de thuc hiin dga Trung dung
Saeh Trung dung eung chi ra nam gicng mf,, ehi phdi mgi ihanh luu cua mot ngudi, tinj „,-j 1 1 0
Tap chi so 17. thang 4-2016, trudng Dgi hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-461 mdi quan he (ggi la ngij luan): vua - Idi, cha - con,
chdng • vcr, anh - em, ban be. Di thuc hien nam mdi quan he nay, dieo Khdng Tit, nguai la can CO ba pham due: Nhan, Tri, Dung. Day chi'nh la nen lang de con ngudi thyc hanh dao Trung dung.
Trude hit "Tri, Nhan, DQng la ba dat due cin ihilt cho nhiing ngudi muon vao cua dao, thieu mgt cung khdng dugc'' [3,40].
0 day, khdng can ban thBm ndi ham chir Nhan
' T h i y hinh tudng ngudi ihi cat canh bay, Heng quanh rdi sau dd mdi dau'", nhan do dng giang ve Thdi, "'con Tri mai sdng tren nui hieu thdi e o thay, hieu thdi c o thay'", Hieu Ihdi c a ciia con chim Tri"
d day la sy nhan thirc ddng ve thdi; thay thdi can phai tranh thi nen Iranh, thay thdi can phai xual dau Id dien thi phai hien than.
De cd the tuy thdi, ngudi ta phai cd cai nang luc biet minh, biet ngudi, biet hoan canh; bac quan tu cua Khdng Manh, nhung cin luu y ring, lir Nhan khdng nhit thilt phai theo cai gi, cung khdng nhat la gdc, triet ly Trung dung cung ehinh la "chi d u e " thilt phai bd cai gi, cu iheo thdi ma hanh ddng. Vay ma nho giao sa ky hudng den. Theo nha Nho, niu nen, khi ban v l chir Trung, due Khdng Tir lai day Tmng dung ma bat nhan thi khdng phai la Trung Qudn tir ihdi trung. nghTa la ngudi quan Iu c i n tiiy dung ctia ngudi quan tu ehan chinh. Nhan can phai theo Ihdi ma giir dao Trung. Ngudi quan t u do do CO Tri de tu soi sang, dan dudng chi ldi. Ndi each ein Hnh hoat, nhay ben trong hanh dao khdng c h i p khac, de CO the tmira gdc Nhan, ngudi ta can phai nhit, bao Ihii, cung khdng phai theo each eua ke tilu CO Tn. Trt la su hieu biet 1:hau dao, quang dai ma nhan nhu bit chip, lam bira, lam i u khong kien"
sau sac tgt cung sang sudt nen khdng cdn nghi sa gi (tilu nhan ludn bi vat due loi cudn, khiln cai hoac Nhan va Tri roi con can Dung de cd sue tam b. lgi ehe md dao nghTa)'. CSn luu y cai nghTa m ^ h gin giu due Nhan, de theo dudi va lam cho dung ctia chir "thdi^' d d a y khdng chi la luy vao dilu da dugc d p Trung dung eua bac Ihanh, bao gdm kien, hoan canh, ma edn ed y ring, phai can ctr vao
phu qui bat nang dam, ban lien bat nang d i , u y v u - "^ *"
bai nang khuat".
^ Diic Khdng Tir cdn chi ra nhirng phuong phap de CO duac Nhan, Tri, Dung la: "Ra sue hpc hdi Ihi gan vdi ditc tri, ra sire thyc hanh thi gin vdi due nhan, bill hd then thi gin
eai vi Iri ciia ngudi quan tu de hanh xtr. Bac quan tu d cac vi fri khac nhau thi tilp vat cung khac nhau.
Do la cai vui cua ngudi quan tu, ludn sdng Irong cai hien tai, v u i j d i cai hien tai, nen du d Irong canh hudng nao van song duge. Dd la phim ehit id ky v each sira minh, thi bilt each tri ngudi. Bill each
trj ngudi, Ihi biel each In moi ngudi va nudc nha v^y" [9, 1309]. Vay, Nhan, Tri, Dung tuy la ba due, nhung khi thyc hanh thi thdng nhil vdi nhau, chung q u y v a o chu Thanh; ngudi nao cd dii ba pham due iy, it ed the phin diu hoan thien minh, Ird nen sang sudt, didng hilu duoc thien dao. nhan tam, cd the "tdng tam sd due" la Thanh.
3.5. Linh hon cua Trung dung
vdi dirc p a n g Bill nlii hdnh, la nang luc sdng cua bac quan tu, d trong bdn phan nao phai lam trdn bdn phan do, va ludn lim thay an vui trong lirng hoan canh, Vay, tiiy thdi theo nha Nho ndi len linh linh hoat eua ngudi quan tu Irong viec Ihi hanh Trung dung.
Can lien vdi Thdi la phai quyin biln, niu khdng lai chap nhit; cd quyin bien mdi bill thdi nao nen lam va thdi nao khdng uen lam. Dilu quan trong trong Trung dung la phai nim duoc Irung, nhung do khdng phai la mdl dilm c Then chil cua dao Trung dung la chu Trung dinh, ma tuy thdi yj thl nen cat irung cung thay Trung la nguyen tac, la quy tic bit biln,
khdng hanh xu theo chil trung ngudi dd se thit bai. Tuy nhien sue sdng eua Trung dung khong chi d mdl tang y nghTa nay. N I U khang khang chip vao chi cai y nghia nay thi ching khae nao mot djnh lual chil cirng. Y nghia eiia Trung cdn duoc md nang va trd nen uyin chuyin d khai niem Thai inmg ciia Nho giao_. Thdi trung trong Nho giao. cd y nghta rang, dii nam giii cai Irung phai bit biln, nhung viee xac dinh va nim liy nd lai phai tiiy thdi. Trong dieu ki?n hay hoan cdnh khac nhau, vdi ddi tuang khac nhau, vice xac dinh va nim giu: cai trung phai khac nhau: "Cho nen ngudi hieu biet phai can cir vao dieu kien da thay ddi d l \ac dinh ehuan myc hanh vi ciia minh, diy euns duoc ggi la "hanh quyen".
Khdng Tir cd lan liy hinh anh eon chim TrT:
dot rat uyen ehuyen va ngudi quan tu eung phat biet "chap ludng dung lrung"\ Manh tii luu y rina.
chap trung ma khdng quyin biln thi trd thanli chap nhat, dd la cai trung chit cirng Tuy thdi d trung dung cung khdng phai la chay theo thdi, cai tity ihdi, theo ihdi d day phai hgp vdi Ll, vdi Dao, Eheo thdi ma trai Dao thi lai la bit Trung. Nhu thl, Thdi gdm ca due trung va ehinh; chinh cung phai hop vdl thdi, neu khdng chinh cung trd nen sai lim. xau xa Vay nen, cd khi nen Iheo thdi. ciing cd khi khdng nen theo: Trung dung liiy thdi chu khdng phai la lung chung, liiy ihdi nhung phai lay Thanh lam co sd va dung Le de udc thue, niu phiu
""sat than" de "thanh than" thi ciing khdng do du, cdn nhu ""sal than" ma khdng ""thanh than" thi la h\ sinh mdt each vd ich cdn hon. Sau ciing Trune dung phai ludn hgp vdi dao nhan. nhan la not dung
Tap chi sd I 7. thang 4-2016. trudng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN lS59::i^J-I ma trung dung la hinh thuc, Tranh chap nhat \ i nd 4. KET LUAN
lam hai dao ly. sire sdng cua thuylt Tmng dung Nghien cuu trill ly Trung dung eua Nho g i i o chinh la d diem na> Ro rang, day la quan diem ^^ kv" cd thl khing dinh r i n e . dav thai su ia mgt bten chuiig \-e nidi quan he van ddng cua cac mat chan gia tri ciia Khdna aiao. Trill' Iv nav dac bict ddi lap, nam chac cai trung trong qua trinh chuv en cd y nghia trong thdi dai"hien nay ea'Ddng phuong hda cua thdi cugc, van vat. 1 ^ j g y phuong. Mdl the gidi "hda". mdl dit nudc Dao Trung dung ciia Khdng Tir den day cd the "hda", mdt con ngucri "hda" la ly tudng ma m e t ly gom ca vao trong tu tuyet Vd y. vd tdi, vd co. vd trung dung ciia Nho giao so ky hudng ldi. Thye te ngd. la eo sd de di den thai dd ciia ngudi quan tu vd da chung minh, van minh v^t ehat citng ed nhung kha. vg hdi kha. Vay vdi dao Trung dung eua Nho gidi han ciia nd, viec qua d l cao va tuyel ddi hda giao so ky khdng gi la hoan loan tuyet ddi; de cao van minh co gidi cita phuang Tay da de lai nhirng Le nhimg khdng tuyet ddi chap vao le. dd cung la bai hge sau sac khi tam hdn eon ngudi ciing bj vat cai nhin rat nhan van cua Nho giao so- ky, dd chinh chat hda. Su can bang giija ddi sdng val chat va la linh than chan chinh cita Nho gtao chan chinh. tinh than la dieu can thiet. The ky 20 chiing khien Trung d Irong Trung dung chinh la due hanh ciia nhieu thien tai nhan hga, han dd la kit qua tat yeu mpi due hanh Trung dung khdng chi la phuong cita nhan loai khi vugt muc Tning. Dd la ly do vi phap luan trong xu the, khdng dirng lai d triet ly sao, dieu tnit due Khdng Tu phai diing ea ddi hanh vdl Nho giao so ky Trung dung tro" thanh Dao, la dao de keu ggi each day hai nghin nam hdm nay con dudng Iy Thanh cita con ngudi va van vat. van cdn cd the thuc tinh con ngudi hien dai.
C H U N G Y U N G P H I L O S O P H Y IN T H E E A R L Y C O N F U C I A N I S M Tran Huu Thuong' Received Date- 04/3/2016: Revised Date, 14/3/2016; Accepted for Publicalion: 28/3/2016
S U M M A R Y
In the early Confucian system, Chung yung philosophy has a speeiai position In this article, it mainly focuses on the philosophical ideologies of Chung yung. It consists of philosophies and practices of Chung yung. Thereby, it is confirmed that these ideologies are definitely transcendent philosophies of the early Confucianism and have great meanings in cognition and reality.
Keywords Chung Yung. Confiieianism: Early Confucianism
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/ Master. Hue Medical College
Coirespnnilinguuilior Tran Huu Thucmg Cellphone 0W5829933, Email ihihuongu cdyihue edu v.
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