Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Guan HongWei
HINH ANH «TRANG" TRONG THO THIEN LY T R A N VIET NAM VA THO DirCTNG TRUNG QUOC
GUAN HONGWEI*
TOM TAT
Tha thien Ly Trdn vd tha Du&ng diu chju dnh huang sdu sdc bai tu tuang Phdt gido.
Cho nSn, ddi vdi mot hien tuang hogc mqt ddi tugng thuang gap, cdm nhdn cita cdc nhd tha nhu thi ndo, cdch the hien cd gidng nhau hay khdng, tinh cdm cua ho ra sao... Id nh&ng vdn de md chung tdi rdt quan tdm. Bdi viit nghien cieu tho thien Ly Trdn vd tha Dieang trong so sdnh tuang quan di cd thi tim ra dap dn cho nhirng cdu hdi tren; tie do, tim hieu ve tu duy nghi thudt cQng nhu tinh cdm ddi vol cugc song cua cdc nhd tha.
Tii" khda: tha thien Ly Tran, tha Dudng Trung Qudc, tu tudng Ph^t giao, tu duy nghe thuat.
ABSTRACT
The image of moon in Zen poetry o/Ly-Tran dynasties and Tang poetry Zen Poetry of Ly - Tran Dynasties and Tang poetry are two literature parts which played important roles in the Middle Age Literature of Vietnam and China. At the same time, these two parts of literature were deeply influenced by Buddhist thoughts. Therefore, in regard to a phenomenon or a common object, we are highly concerned about whether the poets reflected their feelings, manifestations, and emotion in the same way. Through the research and relevant comparison of the Zen Poetry ofLy - Tran Dynasty and the Poetry of Tang Dynasty, we hope to find out the answers for the above issues. Accordingly, we can learn about the artistic thinking as well as the attitude towards life of the contemporary poets.
Keywords: Zen Poetry of Ly - Tran Dynasty, Poetry of Tang Dynasty, Buddhist thoughts. Artistic thinking.
I. B^t van de Viet Nam va Trung Qudc ciing chiu nhieu Trung Qudc va Viet Nam la hai anh hudng eua tu tudng Phat giao, didu nude lang gieng hiiu nghj, cd ljch sii giao nay the hien kha rd trong cac tae pham luu van hda lau ddi. Vao thdi Ly Trin va ciia hp. Vi vay, trong bai vidt nay, chiing nha Dudng, tu tudng Phat giao tham sau tdi chpn hinh anh "trang" lam ddi tupng vao ddi song ciia nhan dan. Cac nha tha cd djnh de tim hieu vd tu duy ngh? thuat cung nhu tinh cam ddi vdi eupc sdng ciia
• ThS, Cdng ti c6 phan Hoa Thuang, TPHCM cac nha tha duang thdi.
83
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI So 46 ndm 201li
2. Nhirng vSn de chung
2.1. Trang trong nhan thic tham mi cda ngudi phuang Bong
Tir xua din nay, frang Iudn dupe xem la mdt ngudi ban thiiy chung eua con ngudi. Nd khdng chi trao tang anh sang eho con ngudi trong dem, mang den sy im ap va niem an iii cho nhung than phan bit hanh ma cdn cd vii cho ke lit hanh cd don, quan tam se chia cimg ngudi thit y. Chinh vi vay, trang gpi cho ngudi ta nhirng lien tudng vd tan, dan dan hinh thanh van hda mat trang phuong Ddng phong phu va giau siic hap dan.
Trong van hda Trung Qudc lan Viet Nam, tir ngan ddi nay, mat trang chua bao gid la mdt vat the binh thudng. Nd hien dien trong tam tudng, suy nghi ciia eon ngudi ciing vdi rat nhieu huyen thoai, chira dung nhimg thdng tin vl van hda nguyen thuy sau sac. Nd cung la su ket tinh tmyen thdng, ban sac dpc dao ciia hai dan tdc tir lau ddi. Con ngudi d xS hdi nguyen thuy timg thd ciing mat trang dl cau xin dupe che ehd. Vl sau, eon ngudi lai xem mat trang la bilu trung cho tinh cam vdi nhieu cung bac khac nhau. Tinh cam nay da dupe thi hien rit nhilu trong van hpc ca d Trung Qudc lin Viet Nam.
Vi thi, khi nghiSn ciiu tho thiin Ly Trin Vi$t Nam vdi tha Dudng Trung Qudc, lay "trang" lam ddi tupng trang tam dl khao sat, phan tieh va so sanh, chiing ta cd the hilu va cam nhlin dupe nhiing tinh cam cang nhu xuc cam thim ml ddc dao cua cac nha tha ddi vdi ddi tupng dae
biet nay.
2.2. Thdi Ly Trdn va thdi nha Birdng • nhirng dieu Itien lick sir - vdn hoa
Nha Dudng vdi nha Ly va nha Trin diu la nhOng trilu dai hiing m^inh trong lich sii hai nude, d cac trilu dai nay, kinh, t l phdn vinh, xa hpi dn djnh, van hoa nghe thujt dat dupe nhirng thanh tuu huy hoang, nin van hda ed nhihig budc phjt triln manh me.
Ciing nhu thdi Ly Trin d Viet Nam,, thdi nha Dudng d Trang Qudc, rit simg thuang Phat giao. Hai thdi dai nay d hai nude da xuit hien nhiing cao tang liy Iimg danh tieng chdn thien lam. Trong ITnh vuc van hda vat chat ciing nhu van hda tiiih than cua hai nude dSu ed dSu an cua Phjt giao kha dae sic va rS net.
Hon nira, thdi nha Dudng va thiii L]? TrSn deu la nhirng thdi ki quan trong trong lich sir giao luu van hda giita Tnmg Qudc va Viet Nam. Sau nha Dudng, nam 938, Viet Nam x4y dung chinh quyin dpc lap. Tilp theo, chua diy mdt thi ki la din nhi Ly, nha Trin. Cho nen, kl vl thcii gian hay tinh liSn tuc van hda, cac trilu dai nay diu gin lien vdi nhau.
2.3. Phdn loai Mnh dnh trdng trong tha thien Lj Tran vi tha Budng
Sau khi khao sat quyin Tho Ducmg;
300 bai, chiing tdi nhlin thiy, trong tit cii 311 bai thi cd 64 bai cd hinh anh trangK khao sat quyin "Tha van Ly Trin" tap 1 (136 bai) va tap 2 (361 bai), trong sd 497 bai tho, van, cd 40 bai tho thiin c6 hinh' anh trang.
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Guan HongWei
2.3.1. Nhirng quan diem triit hoc vd mi hoc Thien tdng
* Ngdn bdt tan y
Ngdn bdt tan y la mdt menh de quan trpng trong ljch sii van hda phuang Ddng. Nha nho ed "Thu bat tan ngdn, ngdn bat tan y", Lao Trang cd "Dao kha d^o, phi thudng dEio", "Sd kha d^o gia, y ehi thd da; bSt kha dao gia, y chi tinh da".
Ndi vd Thien tdng, ed cau ehuydn: "Phat td dua len mpt canh hoa, Ca Diep l|ing le mim cudi" va tdn chi "Chang l^p van tu, thay tanh thanh Phat". Cac trudng phai triet hpc ddu da ITnh hdi cai cam ngd khd cd thd bidu dat bang ngdn tu, ma trang thai cam ngp nay ehinh la sir theo dudi eiia hp, cho ndn, hp can lua chpn radt sd hinh anh bidu tupng trong cudc song dd bay td cam ngd/ cam xiic vd sd m^nh va sir thang hoa ciia tinh cam.
* Nhi nhdp tu hgnh
Bd Dd Dat Ma cho rang, pham vao dao, suy cho ciing khdng ngoai hai dudng
"II nh^p" va "hanh nhap". Li nhap la mupn "giao" dd ngd vao "tdng", nghidng vd li luan nhieu han; edn hanh nhap hudng dan ngudi ta ap dung giao li vao eupc sdng hang ngay, nghieng vd thire tidn nhidu han. Li nh^p va hanh nhap imang y nghia tridt hpc gidng nhau va ikhdng the tach rdi, sd di chia thanh hai icai chi vi mong mudn cho ngudi hpc thien dd hidu han. Li nhap kdt hop vdi jhanh nhap chinh la giao nghia li lu|in kdt jhpp vdi th\rc tidn cua thien phap.
Hgnh nh|ip bao gdm bdn hanh: Bao
oan hanh, Tiiy duyen hanh,,Vd sd cdu hanh va Xiing phap hgnh.
Bdo odn hgnh ndi vd vide eon ngudi ndn ddi mat vdi canh khd nhu the nao, khuyen ran ngudi ta bidt nhan nhuc chju khd, nen lay canh khd dd tu dao va khdng nen oan trach.
Tiiy duyen hgnh ndi vd hanh tiiy thuan theo duydn nghiep, tam ngudi khdng ndn vi dupe mat ma sudng vui hay dau khd, ma nen cd tam li lanh mgnh trude nhiing dau khd, buon vui.
Vd s& cdu hgnh nhan manh nen cai tham due: "Cdn cau cdn khd, hdt cau mdi dupe vui", ndn lay giai thoat cudi cung ciia eupc ddi lam muc dich.
Ca ba hanh ndi trdn ddu la tu hanh ve mat dao diic va tam li trdn the gian, lam cho tu tudng Thidn tdng giau y nghia cudc s6ng, giiip eon ngudi ed the tu thidn ngay trong cupe sdng, han thudng thidn phap, dd cho cudc sdng gan bd chat che vdi nidm vui ciia sir giai thoat.
ca ba hgnh ddu dupe quy vd Xiing phap hanh.
Xung phdp hgnh thi khd cd thd giai thich mdt each true quan nhu ba hanh trude ma cd phan mang tinh trim tupng.
Cd thd hieu dd la khi chiing ta nhan ra minh ed the tanh thanh tjnh, cai the tanh thanh tjnh nay thudng hang, khdng sinh khdng 4i?t, cdn dupe gpi la Li hay Phap.
Neu ehiing ta lam tat ea mpi vide, tu tat ca hgnh ma ddu trd vl phu hpp vdi thd tanh thanh tinh ban dau thi gpi la Xiing phap hgnh. Xiing phap hgnh d\ra tren ca
85
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM So 46 ndm 2013
sd nhan thiic va thye hanh phai phii hpp nhau. Mdi ngudi, niu tu dupe Xiing phap hanh la ed the trd vl vdi ban tam, tire the tinh thanh tinh ban diu.
*Hu vo quan cua Thien tong Hu vo quan cita Thiin tdng cd thi trich ttt mdt cau ehuyen: "Khi xua, Ngu Td dinh chpn ngudi kl ngdi Td. Td bao cho cac mdn dd ring vi nao cd thi td ra dat dao, Td s6 trayin ao phap cho dl lam Td thir sau. Liic iy. Thin Tii, ngudi dupe dd chiing xem la hpe cao nhit va ximg dang nhit dupe hudng vinh du nay, da lam mpt bai ke ring:
Thdn Id bd di cdi Tdm nhu gucmg sdng ddi Gid gid sieng phui quet Chdde nhudm trdn at
Tuy nhi6n bai ke trdn chua mang lai dupe do phap cho ngudi sang tac, Ngu T 6 da trayin ao phap cho Hue Nang vi bai ke nay ciia dng:
Bo de von khong coi Guang sdng cdng khdng ddi Nguyen chdng cd mdt vdt Sao ggi phili trdn ai
Bai ke tren thi hiin mdt each diy du vl y nghia chinh ciia hu vd quan/ hu vd luan Thiin tdng, tiic la: cd ciing la khdng, khdng cOng la cd; ndi tam la khdng, nhung trong ndi tam l^i chiia dyng van vSt, van v?t l£ii la khdng.
Bat cit la "bd dl" hay la "guong sang" diu chi la thi dy ndi vl ndi tam, cd the dimg thi du nay dl giai thich ban chit eiia thiin ma ngudi ta dang theo dudi.
Ndi tam rd rang la noi dau tien sinh tii van vat, cho nen dupe ngudi tu thiin gpi la "khdng", nhung dl tranh khdi ed nguoi hieu rang la hu vd, eho nen gpi ndi tam la
"chan khdng". Cai "chan khdng" niy thyc sy chiia dung van vat va sang tao ra van vat, cho nSn van v$t cung cfcira dung tat ca d^c tinh mdt each binh ding cua
"chan khdng", nhu vay cung chitng minh dupe vl su tdn tai cila nd.
2.3.2. Phdn logi hinh dnh trdng trong Iha thien Ly Trdn vd tha Dudng
Khao sat nhiJng tai lieu neu tren, hinh anh trang trong tho thiin Ly Trin va tho Dudng dupe chiing tdi phan lo?i nhu sau:
Trdng Id hinh dnh thien nhien dan thudn: tho thiin Ly Trin (10 bai), tho Dudng (32 bai)
Trdng nhu mot bieu tugng Irong triet hoc Thiin tong:
Ngdn bit tan y: tho thiin Ly Tiin (3 bai), tha Dudng (5 bai);
Nhi nhap hi h?nh: tho thiin L^ Trin (6 bai), tha Dudng (4 bai);
Hu vd quan: tho thiin (8 bai), tho Dudng (2 bai).
Trdng Id phuang tiin giup nha Iha bdy to tdm trgng, cdm xuc:
True tilp: tho thiin L^ Trin (7 bii), tha Dudng (4 bai);
Gian tilp: tho thiin Ly Trin (6 biii), tho Dudng (17 bai)
3. So sinh Mnh anh trSng trong the thiin Ly Tran v4 the- Sirdng v^
phuong dif n noi dung, y nghia va nghS
Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Guan HongWei
thuat the hi^n
Vd phuang dien npi dung, y nghia, chiing tdi tap trung phan tich tac dung cua hinh anh trang trong cac bai tha va y mudn, tinh cam ciia cac nha tha mudn thdng qua hinh anh trang dd bay td. Cdn d phuang dien nghe thugt thd hien, ehiing tdi phan tich vd ndi ham va ngoai didn eiia mat trSng; trong dd, ndi ham la trgng
thai eua mat trang xuat hien trqng bai tha, ngogi dien la su lien he giiia hinh anh trang vdi cac canh vat khac.
Vi dp dai cua bai viet cd gidi han, khdng the so sanh tat ca loai hinh d day, chiing tdi chi so sanh "ngdn bat tan y"
nhu Ia mdt dai dien. Neu ngudi dpc quan tam, mudn tim hidu vd cac loai hinh khac, xin tim dpc thdm [8].
5.7. Nhitng fiem tirang dong vd di biit trong logi hinh ' ngon bat tdn y
"
Ngdn b^t tan y
3 b&i thor thiin
5 bai thtf Dirbng
T€n bai tho
Nh|t nguy?t
Thj tu Tay phirong boi
DSng Bao Dai son
D9 b^c Ngim Chii hoai co
Van thii Ng^c Chau Bat nguy$t th|p ngu d9 t$ng Truong Cong Tao
Tac dung cua hinh anh
trang
Canh vat chiia dyng thi^n li
Canh v|t chiia dyng thi6n li
Canh v§t chua dyng thi€n li
Canh v^t giup bay to tinh cam Canh vat giup bay to tinh cam Canh v$t giup bay to tinh cam
Y muon, tinh cam muon
bay to Qua hinh anh trang, ngo thien va tim chinh minh Qua hinh anh trang, ngp thi6n va tim chinh minh Qua hinh anh trang, ngo thien va tim chinh minh Buon ba, tri am kho tim Buon ba, tha thilt, mudn sdm ve nha
Buon ba, hi phe chiic
Trang thai mat trang (noi ham)
Sang ngdi
Co don
Sang ngoi
Thu nguyet (sang vang vac, CO don) Thu nguyet (sang v3ng vac) Nguyet nhu nude, (trong sach, sang lung linh)
Cac canh vat Ithac (ngoai
dien) Cay true, hoa vang, may tring
BSu trdi
Lan can, sao nggc
BSu trdi
Canh sSc miia thu
Gio mat, bSu trdi
87
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCIVI So 46 nam 2013
Trudng tuong tu
Quan Cong Ton dai nuong de tii vu kidm khi hanh
Canh vat giup bay to tinh cam
Canh vat giup bay to tinh cam
Budn ba, nhd ngudi dep, \i tudng chua • thuc hien dupe
Budn ba, tiec mot thdi thjnh vuong da qua
Bdu trdi, may
• -'^
Bau trdi
3.2. Y nghia cda su luang dong vd di biet vi mat cdm hiing nghi thu^t (phuang dien n^i dung, y nghia)
Ve su tuang ddng:
Hinh anh trang xuit Men trong tat ca tho thiin Ly Tran va tha Dudng vl mat y nghia chi ed 2 phuong thilc, mdt la hinh anh thien nhien don thuin, 2 la bilu trung vl mdt su vat nao dd. Nhung trong phin "ngdn bit tan y", trang duoc mieu ta trong tit ea 8 bai tho thiin Ly Trin va tho Ducmg diu la hinh anh thien nhien don thuan.
Tuy khdng trd thanh bilu trung, nhung hi8n tugng nay chimg td rang vao thdi ki do, do anh hudng cua Phat giao, mat trang that su da trd thanh mot vat the dac biet va mang y nghia bieu tnmg riSng biet ddi vdi cac nha tho phuong Ddng.
Ve su di biit:
Di biet 1: Tac dimg eua hinh anh trang giua 3 bai tha thiin va 5 bai tha Dudng khac nhau.
Qua so sanh, chiing tdi nhan thiy trang trong 3 bai tha thiin Ly Trin tuy la hinh anh thien nhien, nhung ddng thdi
cung chita dung thien li ma nha tho muon bay td. Cdn trang xuit hien trong tho Dudng ttd thanh phuomg tien bay td tinh cam eua nha tha. Ca 5 bai ngdn bat tjn y cd hinh anh trang diu 14 the hi$n n6i budn ciia nha tho.
Di biet 2: Y mudn hoac tinh cam thdng qua hinh anh trang duoc bieu dat khac nhau.
Do ban than dao U thiin khong gidng nhu kinh Phjt (duge ghi tren sach) ma cin ngudi tu thiin tu chirng ngd, nen dudi ngdi but cua cac nha tho thien Ly Trin, hinh anh trang da trd thanh phuong tien cd siic khoi ggi dl giup ngudi ta tu giac ngd.
Nha tho thdi Ducmg mudn th6ng qua hinh anh trang giai bay tam trpg philn mudn cua minh, nhung rit thii vj la trong tit ca 5 bai tho xuit Men 5 d?ng cam xiic dau budn khac nhau, cu the la:
Tam trang budn ba vi khd cd thf gap dugc mdt tri am:
Ddng chu vong thu nguyet, f Khdng uc Tg tudng qudn.
(Dg bgc Nguu chit hoai co - L^
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Guan HongWei
Bach)
Tam trang budn ba vi nhd qud nha:
7am Tuang sdu mdn phiing thu sdc, Vgn li qua tdm ddi nguyet minh.
(Van thu Nggc Chdu - Lu Luan) Tam trang budn ba vi hi phd chiic:
Tiem vdn tu quyin thien vd hd, Thanh phong xuy khdng nguyet thu ba.
Nhdt nien minh nguyet kim tieu da, Nhdn sinh do minh phi do tha, Hieu tieu bdt dm ngi minh hd?
{Bdt nguyet thgp ngie dg tdng Truang Cdng Tdo - Han Du)
Tam trgng budn ba vi nhd ngudi dep: Trong tha cd Trung Qudc, ngudi ta thudng sii dung hinh anh "ngudi dep"
(mi nhan) dd vi vdi li tudng tdt dep; vi vay, cung cd thd hidu la qua hinh anh trang, nha tha mudn bay td tam trgng budn ba vd li tudng chua dupe thyc hien.
Cd ddng bdt minh tu di^c tuy^t, Quyin duy vong nguyet khdng trudng than.
{Tru&ng tuang tu-ki 1 -Ly Bgch) Tam trgng budn ba khi nhd vd mot thdi thjnh vupng da qua:
Dgi dien cdp qudn khuc phuc chung,
Lgi eye ai lai nguyet ddng xudt.
{Quan Cdng Tdn dgi nuang de tu vu kiim khi hgnh - Dd Phii)
3.3. Y nghta c&a sir tuang ddng vd df bi^t vi tu duy ngh§ thu&t vd phong each
; ngh^ thu^t (phuang di^n ngh^ thugt the hien)
Ve su tuang ddng:
Trong nhdm "ngdn bat tan y", 8 bai tha trong khi sii dung hinh anh trang thi cung dong thdi dd cgp tdi mdt sd canh vgt khac, nhung quan he giiia chiing vdi trang la khac nhau.
Cd khi tac dung cua ehiing tuang duang vdi hinh anh trang, chang han nhu:
Thuy true, hodng hoa, phi ngogi cdnh,
Bgch vdn, minh nguyet. Id todn chdn.
{Nhgt nguyet - Thidn Lao) Trong bai nay, tnic, hoa, may, trang ddu giiip ngudi ta quan sat npi tam minh va ngd ra thidn li, quan he giiia chiing la ddng dang.
Nhung da phan tac dung cua eac canh vat khac la phuc vu cho hinh anh trang, lam cho nd ndi b$t len, vi du:
Trucmg khdng chi kiin cd luan nguyet,
Sdt hdi trimg trimg dg mgn thu.
{Thi tu Tdy phuang bdi - Tran Timg (tiic "Tue Trung thupng sF'))
Thanh thien vd phien vdn.
Ddng chu vgng thu nguyet.
{Dg bgc Nguu chir hodi cd - Ly Bach)
Hai bai tho trdn, ngoai hmh anh trdi chi cd mat trang, khdng cd cae canh vat khac. Tae gia mudn vd bhi trdi dd lam ndi bat hinh anh trSng.
Ve su di biit
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCIM So 46 nam 201i
Ve ndi ham, tire tr^ng thai eua hinh anh trang, ca 3 bai tho thiin Ly Trin diu cd. Theo ehung tdi, m^t trang trong nhdm
"ngdn bat tan y" la su vat chiia dung dao li thien, vi dao li thien la "bat kha tu nghi", phai yeu eau ngudi ta tu chiing ngd, cho nen, trang thai ciia hinh anh trang trong 3 bai nay diu la chi ra hudng de ngudi ta tim thay giac ngd, cu the:
Thiiy trite, hodng hoa, phi ngogi cdnh.
Bach vdn, minh nguyit, 1$ todn chdn.
{Nhdt nguyet - Thien Lao) Y tha ehi ra chan Ii khdng dau xa ma gian dj gin gui, d ngay trude mit, nhu anh trang sang ngdi trong phut giay nay.
Trudng khong chi kiin cd luan nguyit,
Sdt hdi triing trimg dg mgn thu.
(Thi tu Tdy phuang bdi Trin Tung)
Hinh anh tho d day la mdt ving trang sang ving vac, cd dan giiia biu khdng bao la, ggi su cam nhan vl cai chan li duy nhit, tuyet ddi va thudng hang.
Ylan hodnh nggc dich, Minh nguyit mdn hung khdm.
(Ddng Bdo Ddi san - Trin Tung) Hai cau cudi bai tho due kit lai bang hinh anh anh trang sang ngdi ttan ngap ca ngudi ditng ngim trang va iam bimg sang tam hdn ngudi.
Dilu thii vi la trang thai cua hinh
anh trang thi hien trong 3 bai tha Duong ciing khdng ngoai pham vi "sang ngdi'Va
"cd dan". Dieu nay chiing td ring y nghia hinh anh cua mat trang rit la thdng nhat trong suy nghT cua nha tha thiin Lf TrSn lin tha Dudng khi hg mudn vay muon hinh anh nay de the Men "ngdni)at tan y".
Nhung cung cd hai bai tha Dudng, trong dd mat trang khdng the hien ra trang thai nao ca. Theo chung tdi la, vi mat trang trong thg Dudng cW la giiip nha tho bay td tinh cam, ban than nd khdng chiia d\mg y nghia dao li sau sac, cho nen nha tho ciing khdng can thiet n6u ra hudng suy nghi ciia minh vao eai dd. Day la rapt diSm khac biet thu vi.
4. Ket luan
Tir sung bai tu nhien nguyen thuy tdi tu tudng Thiin tdng, theo su diln tiln ciia lich sir, nhirng ndi ham cua van hoa mat trSng khdng ngimg sau sie them, ddng thdi ngoai dien ciia nd ciing dugc khdng ngimg md rdng. NghiSn cim Wnh anh trang trong tho Dudng va tho thiSn Ly Trin, chiing tdi nhan thiy, d thdi dai nay, tu tudng Thiin tdng cue ki thjnh dat cae thiin su, eu si va nha tha thuong si dung hinh anh trang vi nhu Phjt tinh. DJ trang trdn, trang khuylt, trang non, ttang tan, hoac la trang bdn canh may, trang trong nude... diu giup tac gia thi hijn the gidi npi tam phong phii, phac h(i>
nhimg thang trim cila cudc ddi ma ho trii nghiem. Hg sir dung nhihig d^c tinh cili hinh anh trang dl thi nghifm ty nhien truoc mit mdt each binh than, thi nghifn
T?p chf KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Guan HongWei
lojn I9C cua the gian, nhChig budn vui tan nggc vd gia trong kho tang van hoc hai hgp ciia cugc ddi, de rdi cudi ciing giac nude, thi hinh anh trang dugc sir dung ngd qua khir va tuong lai trong vii try. trong hai loai tha nay cd the xem nhu Neu ehiing ta thira nhan rang tho Dudng ddng vai trd "ve rdng diem mat", va tha thiin Ly Trin diu la nhung vien
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Daiseiz Teitaro Suzui (1992), Thiin lugn, quyen thugng, Nxb TPHCM.
2. Doan Thj Thu Van (1996), Tha thiin Viit Nam thdi Ly Tran - khdo sdt tic gdc do nghi thudt, Chuy6n de cao hgc Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM.
3. Hanh Dudng Thoai ST (tuyIn chon) (1999), Tha Budng 300 bdi, Nxb Sach cd Thugng Hai.
4. Hanh Dudng Thoai ST (2001), Tha Budng 300 bdi, Nxb Nhan dan Dien Bien.
5. Hanh Dudng Thoai ST (tuyIn chgn) (2010), 300 bdi tha Budng, Nxb Van hgc.
6. Nguyen Hu$ Chi, D6 Van Hy, Trin Thi Bang Thanh, Pham Tii Chau (1978), Tha vdn L^i - Trdn (1), Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi - Vien Van hgc.
7. Nguyen Hu? Chi, Do Van Hy, Trin Thj Bang Thanh, Pham Tii Chau (1988), Tha vdn Ly - Trdn (II), Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi - Vien Van hgc.
8. Quan Hing VT (2012), Hinh dnh trdng trong tha thiin Ly Trdn Viit Nam vd tha Budng Trung Qudc, Luan van Thac sT Khda 19, chuyen nganh Van hgc Viet Nam, Trudng Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM.
(Ngiy Tda soan nh$n dt/gc bii: 15-4-2013: ngiy phin biin dinh gii: 29-4-2013:
ngiychip nh$n dSng: 21-5-2013)
91