/ ? .
Nghign cuTu & Trao doi
NGHIEN CU'U QUA TRINH LAN TRUYEN TRIEU - MAN VUNG CLFA SONG LAM
B A N G M 6HJNH MIKE 21
TS. Du" Van Toan\ CN. Nguyin Qu6c Trinh^
Vien Oja chit va dja vat ly bien. ^ Vien Oia ly
J i ^hien cuu va danh gia qua trinh truyin triiu - man vung cua song cd anh hwdng triiu cung m \ Mia mot trong cac vin di dwoc chu y nhim phuc vu cho san xuit ndng nghiep, nudi trdng thuy m W san va cac cong trinh xay dwng vung ven song. Nghien cCru toi qua trinh truyin triiu - man vimg cira song hien nay cd nhiiu phwang phap trong dd phwang phap sd da va dang dwac nghien cu-u va ap dung phd biin. Trong bai bao nay tac gia da ap dung md hinh MIKE 21 nghien ciru qua trinh truyin triiu - man vimg cira sdng Lam. Cac kit qua md phdng cho thiy cd thi ap dung chi tiit cho viec tinh toan di phuc vu Ccic yeu ciu bai tocin kinh ti, xa hoi, mdi trwdng va thiit ki cong trinh vung cira sdng Lam ndi rieng va nhiiu cira sdng khac cd bi anh hwdng cua triiu ndl chung.
1. Ma dau
Hien nay, viec danh gia tai nguyen nubc sbng ngbi va cae vung cira sbng bien dbi hbi ngay cang ky hon va gin bb hon vai dilu kien phat then xa hbi khbng chi a nhQ'ng nubc phat then ma cbn ca nhQ'ng nuoe cb nIn kinh t l dang phat then nhu Viet Nam. Sbng ngbi khbng chi la nguon cung cap nuoe cho nbng nghiep, nb cbn phuc vu cho cac hoat dbng giao thbng duang thuy, la noi danh bit nubi trong thuy san [1], [2]. Dbng thai g i n vol cac luu vyc sbng dang cb rit nhieu cac khu cbng nghiep, khu db thi (Jang dupe quy hoach hoac da dupe xay dyng rit nhieu, nhung day cung la nhQ'ng nguon thai gay b nhilm din mbi truong ty nhien, anh huong din cac qua trinh thuy vSn, qua trinh trao doi nang lupng nub'c khbng khi va tyang tae sbng bien nhu cbng ty Vedan da gay b nhilm nang cho sbng Thj Vai nam 2008,... va hang loat vin de tac dbng x l u din mbi tryang va kinh te xa hbi eua nhieu vung bj b nhilm kim loai nang, chat hCpu ca, xam nhap man, nubc dang do thiu eubng. Vi vay nghien ciPU lam rb cae qua trinh ty nhien v l Ian truyin cac tap chit do thuy trieu a nhCrng vung cira sbng bien va trong sbng bi
Nguoi phan bien: TS. Le Trong Dao
anh huang trieu la rit quan trpng nhim dam bao thbng tin cho nhan dan va eae eo quan quan ly de chpn phuang phap tbi uu phbng chong va doi phb.
Sbng Lam la vung cu'a sbng dien hinh ciia khu vyc miln trung va xam nhap mat da anh huang khbng nhb tai sy phat then kinh te -xa hpi cOa khu vyc ha luu sbng Lam.
Nghien CU'U va danh gia qua trinh Ian truyin theu - man vung cira sbng anh huang trieu cung la mot trong cae vin d l dupe chu y nhim phuc vu cho san xuit nbng nghiep, nubi trbng thuy san vung ven sbng. Sbng Lam la vung CCPB sbng dien hinh cua khu vue mien trung va xam nhap mat da lam anh hubng khbng nhb cho sy phat then kinh te -xa hbi cua khu vyc ha luu sbng Lam.
2. Cac dilu kien ty nhien vung cii-a song Lam He thong sbng Lam, cbn cb ten gpi khac la Ngan Ca hay sbng Ca, nlm a phia Tay Ble khu Trubng Son Ble. Day la mot eon sbng Ian cua tinh Nghe An va la mot trong 2 con sbng \dr\ nhit a Ble Trung Bp.
Giai han phia Bic la duang phan nub'c giQ'a
20 Tap chi Khi tifgfng Thuy van * Thang 12/2008
nhanh sbng Hilu vai sbng Chu, gom day nui Pu Hoat va Bu Khang cao tren 1.000m dupe ciu tao bai da granit hay riolit. Phia Nam la day Hoanh Son cb dinh cao tren 1.000m, dupe c l u tao bai da hoa euang va riolit, va la duang phan nuoe giQ'a nhanh sbng Ngan Sau vai cac sbng Rao Cai va sbng Ranh.
Phia Tay la day nui cao vol dinh Pu Lai Leng cao 2.711m, keodai khoang 200m. Phia Tay Nam laday nui Rao Cb vbi dinh cao nhlt dat 2.265m. Phia Dbng giap bien Obng [2].
Sbng bit ngubn tu' vung Nam Can (Lao). Phin chinh cua con sbng chay qua Nghe An, phin eubi eua sbng Lam hpp luu vai sbng La tip Ha TTnh, tao thanh bien gibi ciia Nghe An va Ha TTnh db ra bien tai cu'a Hbi. CiJ t h i tren lanh tho Viet Nam, nb chay qua dia phan huyen Nam Dan, giQ'a cac huyen Hung Nguyen, Nghi Lpe cua tinh Nghe An roi vao Du'C Thp, Nghi Xuan, thi xa Hong LTnh cua tinh Ha TTnh truoc khi do ra cira Hbi [1], [2].
f Nghien cufu & Trao d^i
Tong cbng chieu dai ciia sbng khoang 513km, phin chay a Viet Nam khoang 361 km. Dien tich luu vyc 27.200km2, phin Viet Nam 17.730km2, cao trung binh 294m, db die trung binh 18,3%; mat dp sbng suoi 0,60km/km2. Tu' bien gibi din Cua Rao, Ibng sbng die, eb hon 100 thac. Tu' Cipa Rao trb ve xubi, tau nhb cb t h i di lai vao miia lu. Tong lupng nubc 21,90km^ tuong u'ng vol luu lupng trung binh nam 688m^/s va mb dun dbng chay nam 25,3 1/ s.km^. Luu lupng trung binh nam tai Cu'a Rao 236mVs, tai Du'a la 430m3/s. Mua lu tu' thang 6 din thang 11, chilm khoang 74 - 80% tong lupng nubc ca nam [2].
Dilm nbi bat ciia eiia dja hinh thupc he thing sbng Lam la dja hinh nui thip va dbi, dong bing chi chilm khoang 13% tong dien tich. Oja hinh thip dan tu' Tay Ble xuong Obng Nam. Sbng chay theo hubng Tay Ble - Dbng Nam, khi gin tbi bien chay ngupc len hubng Bic. Cb mot sb nhanh sbng nhan tao lly nubc tip sbng Lam nhu sbng Dao.
Hinh 1: Ban dd luu vyc sdng Lam
Tap chi Khi ti/(;ng Thuy van * Thang 12/2008
21Nghien cufu & Trao doi
3. He phu'ang trinh nghien CIKU qua trinh Ian truyen tap chit vung cu'a song biln
a. Mo hinh thuy lye Mike 21 • HD 1). Giai thieu md hinh
Modul thuy lye Mike 21 - HD: la mb hinh thuy dbng lye tinh toan dbng chay va muc nubc khbng on djnh vol gia thilt la dbng chay eb tinh chit dong
nhlt v l mat db theo chilu thing dipng Cac phuang trinh mb phbng eae qua trinh bao toan khoi nubc, dbng lupng dupe tich phan theo chilu thing du'ng [4].
Phuang trinh lien tuc:
dt dx dy
(1]
dt dx\ h
2 \
+ d fpq^
dy V h J dx C h p„
-CL^+f(V)V^+ — ^{pJ = 0 Pw ox
da d
— ^ - 1 - —
dt dy -\-d (pq^
dx V h J + gh-— + gq dy C'h'
Pw ^
_1_
Pw
dx ox
^{^^J+^{^^J_
(2)
(3)
Trong eae phuang trinh tren cac ky hieu dupe SLP dung nhu sau:
Pi{x,y,t) - Op sau (m) myc nuoe tai diem eb tpa dp (x, y).
^{x,y,l) - Cao dp mat nubc (m).
p, q{x, y,z) - Mat dp thbng luong (m^/s/m) theo chilu X va y
(?/,v) . Van toe trung binh (m/s) theo dp sau theo hubng x va y .
C{x,y,t) -Hes6Chezy(m1/2/s).
g - Gia tie trpng truong (m/s^).
f(V) - He so ma sat gib.
v^_,v^. -Van toe gib theo chilu X va y.
n(.Y. v) - Tham sb Conolis (s-1).
p^{x,y,t) - Ap suit khi quyen (kg/m/s^).
/9,„. - Mat dp nuoe (kg/m3).
x,y -Tpa dp khbng gian (m).
t -Thai gian (s).
^xv'^n '^vy - cac thanh phin ipng suit keo.
2) Miin tinh va iwdi tinh
Viec xac dmh lubi tinh dua tren ca sa:
- Phan anh dupe dac diem dja hinh luu vyc tuong dbi rbng (chilu rbng ciia sbng B = 245-1265m) va eae bai bbi vung cira sbng.
- Thuan tien cho viec ket nbi vol tinh toan dp muoi.
- Kieh thuae miln tinh khbng qua Ian de thbi gian tinh toan khbng qua dai.
TO' db chpn ra kieh thubc 27x121 b luoi vbi kieh thuae b hinh chip nhat 50mx500m.
3) Xac dinh bd thdng sd tinh toan cho md hinh - Cac bien la mye nyac (tai tram do Cira Hbi va Nam Dan) va luu lupng (tai tram do Yen Thupng).
- Dp nham cho mb hinh thuy lye xay dyng theo he sb Manning lly gia trj hing sb bing 20 cho toan miln tinh.
- He sb nhat rbi tinh theo cbng thire Smagorinsky lly gia tn hing sb bing 0.5 eho toan miln tinh.
- Buoc thai gian tinh At = 1 gib va he sb Max Courant= 1.69
b. IV16 hinh khulch tan IVIike-AD
1) Giai thieu md hinh
Tip truoc tai nay cb rit nhilu mb hinh tinh toan su xam nhap man tip bien vao vung cira sbng da dupe ap dung: Mb hinh MECCA (Model for Estuar- ine and Coastal Circulation Assessment) (Hess,
22 Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng 1 huy van =^= Thang 12/2008
1985), mb hinh WASP5 (The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program) (Co quan bao ve mbi truong Hoa Ky xay dyng nam 1993) ... Mbi mb hinh d i u eb nhQ'ng uu, nhupe diem rieng cua nb.
•' • Modul khuleh tan M i k e - AD: la mb dun tinh toan khuleh tan cac tap chat cua bb mb hinh Mike 21, de danh gia s u khuleh tan cua cae tap c h i t [3], dubi tae dung eua thuy trieu hoac to hpp thuy triiu va dbng chay...Mike 21 - A D tinh toan sy khuleh tan eiia eae tap c h i t eho luoi vubng hoac lubi hinh chQ' nhat tren ca so cac tinh toan eua mb hinh thuy luc Mike 21 - HD. Mb hinh Mike 21 - A D cb kha nang ap dung d l nghien CU'U tinh toan s u khuleh tan ciia cac tap c h i t ven bien, trong sbng, vung CLPa sbng...
Phuang trinh mb phbng cua qua trinh khuleh tan tong quat nhu sau:
ct ex
+—(i'/ic) = —
cv dx\ iD.
cc
ex)
0
+ — ft'
' dc]
-F.h.c+S (4)
Trong phuang trinh tren cac ky hieu dupe sip dung nhu sau:
c - Nbng dp hop c h i t
(w, v) - Van t i e trung binh theo dp sau theo hubng x va y (m/s).
Nghien cufu & Trao doi
h - Ob sau myc nuoe tai d i l m (x, y) (m).
D^, Z)^ - He sb khuleh tan theo phuong x,y F - He so phan ra theo chilu dai (s-1).
S - Ham ngubn.
2) Miin tinh va Iwdi tinh
Viec xay dyng mien tinh va lubi tinh eho mb hinh Mike 21 - A D dupe dya tren eo so:
- Dae d i l m dia hinh vung cira sbng va muc tieu nghien ciPu dat ra.
- D l xet d i n tuong tac cua thuy triiu tU' biln vao cQng nhu dbng chay tu' trong sbng do ra
Tu- db de thuan Ipi cho viec tinh toan thi miln tinh ciia mb hinh Mike 21 - A D cb the trung vbi miln tinh cua mb hinh thuy lye Mike 21 - HD.
3) Xac dinh bd thdng sd tinh toan cho md hinh - Sb lieu thuy lye d i u vao dupe lly tu' k i t qua tinh thuy lye eua mb hinh Mike 21 - HD.
- Ob muoi d i u vao dupe l l y tu' k i t qua do dac ciia tram Hbn Ngu trong thai gian la thang 3/2002.
4. K i t qua nghien c i r u SIF Ian t r u y i n t r i i u - xam nhap man vung cica song Lam
a. sd lieu dau vao cua md hinh Bang 1. Sa dd phan bd mat cat tinh toan cira song Lam
XT 1 2 3
Tram do 01 02 03
Ten dia danh Cufa Hoi Chd Trang
Nam Dan
Cxi ly (m) 0 35000 25000
Cong don 0 35000 60000
Sb lieu dia hinh dupe sir dung tip " K i t qua d i l u tra khao sat eo ban vung cira sbng Lam nam 2002"
tu' ngay 22/2 - 1/3/2002 eiia Dai Khi tupng - Thuy van B i c Trung Bb. Tuong irng voi mot ky triiu trong mua kiet gom eae mat c i t ngang do tai Nam Dan (Mat cat 01), tram Chp Trang - Hung Nguyen (Mat cat 02) va tram Cipa Hbi - Nghi Lpe (Mat c i t 03) (bang 1).
So lieu va d i l u kipn bien bao gom myc nubc tai CLPa Hbi sbng Lam (Mat e l t 03), luu lupng tai tram do Yen Thupng, db muoi tai trgm Hbn Ngu. Cae so li$u dupe do dong bb trong 2 thang la thang 3 va
thang 9 ciia nam 2002.
Theo so lieu thyc do tai tram Nam Oan, Chp Trang va cipa Hbi ta thiy dao dbng trieu the hien c h i dp nhat triiu khbng d i u rb ret. Dao dbng myc nuoe cao nhlt tai eae tram nay, dat eye dai 1,13m luc 7 gib ngay 26/3/2002 va duy tri trong vbng 2 d i n 3 gib, mue nubc thap nhlt xubng cbn 0,85m vao liic 19 gib ngay 29/3/2002, dao dbng mye nubc dat 0,28m tai tram do Nam Dan. Tram Chp Trang, myc nubc khi tneu len eye dai dat dupe 1,09m luc 20 gib ngay 5/3/2002 va xuong eye tieu -1,08m luc 19 gib ngay 27/3/2002, dp lb'-, triiu dat 2,17m. Tram cu'a
l a p chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy viin- Ihang 12/2008 23
A>.
Nghidn ci?u & Trao doi
Hbi, mye nubc eye dai dat 1,06m luc 17 gia ngay 5/3/2002 va duy tri trong vbng 2 gia, myc nuac thip nhit xubng cbn -1,28m vao luc 21 gib ngay 1/3/2002, dp Ion triiu dat 2,34m (hinh 2). Thang 9 la thang mua lu a khu vyc Bic Trung Bp, sbng Lam cung chiu anh huang eua quy luat db. Vao mua nay nuac sbng dang cao do lupng nuoe tu' cac eon sbng, kenh do v l . Theo so lieu thyc do tai tram Nam oan, Chp Trang va cira Hbi ta thiy:
Dao dbng myc nuac cao nhit tai eae tram nay dat eye dai 7,82m luc 5 gib ngay 22/9/2002 va duy
tri trong vbng 5 d i n 6 gia, myc nuac thap nhlt xuong cbn 2,76m vao luc 19 gia ngay 15/9/2002, dao dbng myc nuac dat 5,06m tai tram do Nam oan. Tram Chp Trang, myc nuac khi triiu len eye dai dat dupe 5,45m luc 4 gio ngay 22/9/2002 va xuong eye tilu -0.66m luc 1 gia ngay 14/9/2002, dp Ian triiu dat 6,11m. Tram cira Hbi, mye nuac cue dai dat 1,64m luc 15 gia ngay 21/9/2002 va duy tri trong vbng gin gib, mye nuoe thip nhit xuong cbn -1,25m vao luc 23 gia ngay 13/9/2002, dp Ion triiu dat 2,89m (hinh 3).
•w* nv*« {)• }
Uif;
Pif:
M i r tno- iir^y l l f A
« v •Total H'm 0 3 I a IT 1 - « ! •
• If • t - ^ i - t v T Q f J i^:iH-;r
Hinh 2. Bien thnh myc nu&c tai Nam Dan, Cha Trang va Cira Hoi thang 3/2002
Hinh 3. Bien thnh myc nuw: tai Nam Dan, Cha Trang va Cira Hoi thang 9/2002
Theo so lieu thyc do tai tram Hbn Ngu dp mull bien doi it. Ob muoi dat gia tri eye dai 30,1%o vao luc 13 gib ngay 2/3/2002 va eye tieu dat 227oo vao liic 7 gib ngay 10/3/2002 (hinh 4).
Sbng triiu khi truyen vao vung cira sbng Lam khbng bi bien dang nhilu, bien dp giam din.
Pham vi vung tinh la cipa sbng Lam bit diu tu' tram Nam Dan din tram cira Hbi - Nghi Lbc. Long din trong sbng k l tip cu'a sbng vao dup'c xip xi bai
eae b luai. Cac b lubi a day dupe chia la cac b hinh chu' nhat. Toan bb Ibng din dupe xip xi theo 3267 b lubi hinh chQ' nhat. Kieh thuae moi b hinh chu nhat la 50m x 500m. Trong so do se khbng tinh din eae doan nhap luu. Chieu dai vung tinh bit dau tu- tram Nam oan (Mat elt 03) d i n cu-a Hbi (Mat cit 01) la 60000m.Suae thai gian tinh doi vb'i tat ca cae thanh phin dp mupi, luu lupng, dap dbng myc nuac la 1 gia.
24 l a p chi Khi tiTi./ng Thuy van '= Thang 12/2008
]fy^p!\yvV "v^^^^/vv
vmrmw)
Nghien cufu & Trao doi
Hinh 4. Bien thnh do man tai tram Hon Ngw thang 3/2002
b. Ket qua tinh toan
Trong so db tinh toan eb sir dung sb lieu luu lupng tai tram do Yen Thuang each tram do Nam Dan 20km lam d i l u kien bien thuy lye cho tram do Nam oan va db mubi tai tram do Hbn Ngu each cipa Hbi 8km lam d i l u kien bien cho tram do cira Hbi.
D i l u nay se dan d i n sai so gtpa k i t qua tinh toan va so lieu thyc do. Truong dp sau cb anh huang it hon d i n sai so giQ'a cac k i t qua tinh va so lieu thyc do.
Hon nQ-a, viec thay doi truong dp sau trong mb hinh se khbng lam eho trubng dp sau nay khbng sat vbi truong dp sau ngoai thyc t l . Vi vay c i n phai hieu ehinh cac he sb nay, dbng thai sir dung cac sb lieu do trong tap " K i t qua d i l u tra khao sat eo ban vung cu'a sbng Lam nam 2002" tu' ngay 22/2 - 1/3/2002 cua Oai Khi tupng - Thuy van khu vyc B i c Trung Bb de so sanh. Dual day la k i t qua hinh anh mb phbng mot so trubng hpp (cac hinh ve tu hinh 5-10):
. i . . . 4 - „ 4 — ( . „ 4 „ . 4 ! ? ? p . ' 4 _ . j „ . j . . . x .
Hinh 5. Md phdng ket qua dao ddng dp cao cot nw&c liic trieu len thing 3/2002
.
) •
•—|„4...j...3rrr:p??r^p-T:--^--- ' "
Hinh 6. Md phdng ket qua dao ddng do cao cot nuw: luc trieu xuong thang 3/2002
Hinh 7. Md phdng ket qua dao dong do cao cot nuKK luc trieu len thang 9/2002
Hinh 8. Md phdng ket qua dao ddng do cao cot nu<rc liic trieu xuong thang 9/2002
Tap chi Khi tu'c/ng Thuy van - Ihang 12/2008
25Nghien cufu & Trao doi
Hinh 9. Mo phdng ket qua dao ddng do muoi
luc trieu xuong thang 3/2002 Hinh 10. Md phdng ket qua dao ddng do muoi luc trieu len thang 3/2002
Hinh 11. Bien trinh myc nw&c thyc do va tinh toan tai tram Cha Trang thang 3/2002
4*0 flOO s a 600 MD 700 750 TYM (^•rilsto')
Hinh 12. Bien trinh myc nw&c thyc do va tinh toan tai tram Cha Trang thang 9/2002
Sau khi hieu chinh mb hinh, ta thiy dupe sy phu hpp tuong doi giQ'a cac qua trinh thyc do va tinh toan. Kit qua tinh toan thuy lye eho thiy mb hinh da eho kit qua kha tot. Sai so giCra tinh toan va thyc do myc nuac vao miia khb la khbng dang ke. Sy sai khac nhb be nay cb the do viec mb ta doan sbng theo dang mat elt chQ' nhat ehua the hien sat vai thyc t l .
Kit qua tinh toan truyen man eho thiy, ve quy luat la phu hop giira so lieu tinh toan va thyc do. Do khbng cb sb lieu thuc do man tai cu'a Hbi nen lay sb lieu dp man tai tram Hbn Ngu lam dilu kien bien ban
dau do db ma cb sai so Ian.
Luc trieu xubng thap nhit, dp man bj day ra phia bien. Liic nay dp man giai han 1%o tu' cipa Hpi vao khoang tren duoi 17km eho tram Bin Thuy.
Luc triiu len Ian nhit, dp man dupe trieu truyin vao trong sbng. Luc nay giai han db man 1%o tu' cira Hbi vao khoang tren duoi 25km gin tram do Chp Trang. Khi liy gia dinh so lieu dp muoi tai tram Hbn Ngu giam di 4%o lam sb lieu dilu kien bien tai tram cira Hbi thi cho ta kit qua tot han, sai sb nhb hon.
Trong thyc te de cb the sir durig du'pc nubc eho
26 Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng 1 huy van - Thang 12/2008
Nghien cufu & Trao doi
dai song va san x u i t thi giai han dp muoi phai nhb hon hoac b i n g 1%o. T u cae k i t qua tinh toan cb t h i thiy ring, theo emeu doe sbng gibi han nay b i l n doi theo tC-ng gia vao eae ngay dac trung tu' ngay 2/3
(ngay tneu kem) d i n ngay 5/3 (ngay t n l u cuong) phu thubc vao thuy triiu, db muoi ngoai bien va luu lupng trong sbng.
Hinh 13. Bien thnh man thyc do va tinh toan tai tram Ben Thuy
5. Thao luan va nhan xet
Nghien CU'U qua trinh truyin triiu - man vung cipa sbng Lam, eb the dua ra mot sb nhan xet nhu sau:
1 Cira sbng Lam la loai cipa sbng p h i n g m i l n Trung.
2. Sbng Lam la mot trong 2 con sbng Ian a B l e Trung Bb, c h i dp thuy van vu'a chiu anh hubng ciia khi hau Dbng Truong Son vipa chiu anh huong cua khi hau m i l n B i c do db bien doi manh theo mua:
miia IQ tip thang 7 d i n thang 11, mua kiet tip thang 12 d i n thang 6. Dac biet x u i t hien IQ tieu man vao thang 5, 6.
3. Mb hinh Mike 21 d l tinh toan truyin t n l u - man viing cira sbng Lam vao mua can tu' ngay 1/3/2002 den ngay 30/3/2002 cho k i t qua phii hpp vbi d i l n bien mye n u b c cung nhu dp muoi vung cira sbng.
4. ivib hinh cho phep mb phbng dupe qua trinh truyin tneu va man vung cira sbng Lam khi sb lieu
do dac khbng cb he thing. Cb the ap dung mb hinh cho cae cipa sbng khac nhu sbng khu vyc Tp Ho Chi Minh, Obng Nai va dbng bang sbng Cipu Long.
Mb hinh nay cb the ap dung tinh toan Ian truyin cae tap c h i t b nhiem cho cac sbng cb bi anh hubng ciia trieu tip bien Obng nham cung c i p thbng tin thuy van mbi truong sbng va bien giiip quy hoach va phat triln kinh t l xa hbi cae vung lan can. Dong thbi cb the dua ra cac giai phap dbi phb vbi cac nguy ca thien tai tu' cac ngubn gay b nhiem do tran dau, nubc thai khu cbng nghiep, khu db thi, do tau thuyen, do nubi trong thiiy hai san, do du lieh nghi dubng va cac nguyen nhan khac Chiing tbi k i l n nghi c i n tap trung nhieu d l tai va du an nghien CLPU v l cac qua trinh thuy van va mbi trubng tai cac sbng va cipa sbng b i l n bi anh hubng Ion ciia thiiy t n l u d l cb nhQ'ng giai phap quy hoach va phat trien kinh t l xa hbi hpp ly cho nen kinh t l Viet Nam n h i m giam thilu nhQ'ng thien tai do con nguoi gay ra.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguyin Viit Phd (1983) Sdng ngdi Viet Nam. Nha xuit ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi
2. Trin Tuit - Trin Thanh Xuan - Nguyen Dire Nhat (1987) Dia ly thuy van sdng ngdi Viet Nam. Nha xuit ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi.
3 Mike 21 Environmental hydraulics Advecsion - Dispersion Module Scientific Documenttion, DHI software 2004
4. Mike 21 Flow Model Hydrodinamic Module Scientific Documenttion, DHI software 2004
