NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI
H O A N THifiN QUY DINH VE BlfiN PHAP N G A N CHAN N H A M B A O D A M
QUYEN C O A NGUDI BI BAT, NGUtll BI TAM cilAM, TAM Giff
T
rong td tyng hinh sy, vide bdo vd quydn cua ngudi bj dp dung bien phap ngdn chdn dugc thd hien trong hdu hdt cac giai dogn cua qud trinh giai quyet vu an. Quyen cua ngudi bi bdt, bj tam giam, tam giQ la van dl phuc tap, khdng ehi la vdn dd li ludn ma cdn la van dd thuc tidn cua khoa hpc phdp luat td tyng hinh su. Bidn phdp ngan ch^n dp dung ddi vdi hg khdng chi la nhiing bien phap han che quyen ty do thdn the ma cdn la nhiing bidn phap khae cd "tdc ddng vd tdm li". Trong pham vi bdi viet nay, tdc gid chi ban ve vide ap dyng bien phap ngan chgn hgn ehd quyen tu do than thd ciia ngudi bj ap dyng.Dieu 20 Hien phap ndm 2013 quy djnh:
"L Moi ngudi cd quyin bdt khd xdm phgm ve thdn the, dugc phdp ludt bdo hg vi sue khoe, danh du vd nhdn phdm; khong bi tra tdn, bgo lue, truy hue, nhuc hinh hay bdt ki hinh thuc ddi xir ndo khde xdm phgm thdn thi, sue khoe, xuc phgm danh du, nhdn phdm. 2 Khong ai bi bdt niu khong cd quyit dinh eua tod dn nhdn ddn, quyet dinh hodc phe chudn cda vien kiim sdt nhdn ddn, trir trudng hgp phgm tgi qud tang. Viec bdt, giam, giif ngudi do ludt dinh ". Dd bdo ddm nguydn tdc ndy, phdp luat td tung hinh su cln phai cd nhQng quy dinh bdo dam cho quyen cua ngudi bj bit, ngudi bi tam giam, tam giQ dugc thuc hien.
HOANG TH! Mll^" saw * 1. Thyc trang bao ve quyen cua ngiroi bj bit, ngvM bi tam giam, tam giu-
LL Thuc trgng bdo ve quyin eiia ngudi bi bdt tgm giam vd ngudi bi tgm giam
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi ngudi bi bat tam giam Mac du Bd ludt td tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) khdng quy djnh can cu cy the bat tgm giam nhung tiong thyc td, bi can, bj cao thudng bi bdt tam giam khi cd can cti tam giam. Dd la:
Bi can, bi cao pham tdi dac biet nghidm trpng, phgm tdi rat nghidm trpng; bj can, bi cao phgm tdi it nghidm tigng, pham toi nghiem tigng ma Bd ludt hinh sy quy djnh hinh phgt tu trdn hai ndm va cd cdn cii cho rang ngudl do cd thd trdn hoac cdn trd vide didu tia, truy td, xet xir hodc cd thd tilp tuc phara tdi. Tuy nhien, BLTTHS quy dinh ccr quan ed thdm quydn "ed the" bat chu khdng phdi tiong mgi trudng hpp khi cd can cQ ndu tren, hi ean, bj cao ddu bi bat de tgm giam.
Thif hai, ddi vdi ngudi bi tam giam Theo quy djnh cua phap ludt td tyng hinh sy thi ddi tupng bj tam giam ehi cd thl la bj ean, bi edo. Khodn 1 Dieu 31 Hiln phdp nam 2013 quy djnh: "Ngudi bi buoc tgi dugc coi Id khdng cd tgi eho den khi dugc chiing minh theo trinh tu ludt dinh vd cd bdn dn kit toi ciia tod dn dd ed hiiu lue phdp lugt". Dilu 9
* Tifin sT lu^t hpc, phd giio su Trudng Dgi hpc Luat Hi Npi
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO OOI
BLTTHS cflng quy dinh, khdng ai cd the bi coi Id cd tdi va pbdi ehiu hinh phat khi ehua cd bdn dn kdt tgi eua toa dn da cd hieu lyc phap ludt. Theo do, khi chua cd ban an kdt tdi ciia toa an dd cd hieu lire phap ludt thi ngudi bj tam giam vdn dupe coi Id ngudi chua cd tdi. Do vdy, tiong thdi gian bi tam giam, khdng dugc ddi xQ vdi hg nhu ngudi cd tdi. Didu ndy cdn the hien d quy dinh chl dp tgm giam khac vdi ehd do chdp hanh hinh phat tu.*'' Quy dinh nay the hidn viee tdn trpng quydn con ngudi eiia phap lugt ngay ca khi hp la ngudi bj bude tdi. Dieu ndy khdng lam dnh hudng den vide didu tia tdi pham.
Ddi vdi bj can, bi cao Id phy nu ed thai bode dang nudi con dudi 36 thang tudi, la ngudi gid ydu, ngudi bj bdnh ndng ma noi cu tni ro rang thi khdng tgm giam ma dp dung bidn phdp ngan chdn khae.*^* Ngoai ra, BLTTHS cdn quy dinh nhirng bien phap bdo hg cua phap ludt ddi vdi than nhdn va tai san cua ngudi bj tara giara.
Trdn ca sd tim hieu nhiing quy dinh cua phdp ludt td tyng hinh sy ddi vdi ngudi bi bat de tgm giam cho thdy:
- Dilu 80 BLTTHS vdi tdn gpi la "Bdt bi can, bj edo dd tam giam" nen da ddn ddn each hidu "bat ngudi la mpt blen phap de thyc hien lenh tam giam" chQ khdng phai la bidn phap ngdn chdn dgc ldp. Do vay, can sua lai ten didu ludt ndy dl cd cdch hilu thdng nhat.
- Nhilu quy djnh ciia phdp ludt cd lien quan din vide bao vd quyln ciia ngudi bj bit, ngudi bj tgm giam khd thuc hien cd hidu qua. Nguydn nhdn trudc het van la do cac quy dinh ciia phdp ludt chua ddng bd, chua
cy thd ro rdng, chua dly dii. Vi du, khoan 2 Dilu 88 BLTTHS quy djnh "... ngudi gid yiu, ngudi bi binh ndng md cd nai cu trii ro rdng thi khdng tgm giam md dp dung bien phdp ngdn chdn khdc trir trudng hgp ludt quy dinh" nhung phdp luat lai khdng gidi thich thl nao Id gia ylu, tinh trang nhu the nao la benh ndng, ca quan nao, cdp ndo cd quydn xdc nhan tinh trang nay ndn quy djnh tidn bd va nhan dao nay eiia Bd ludt dd de ddng bi "phu nhan" tiong thuc tien bdi y chf ehu quan eua ca quan tien hanh td tung.*
BLTTHS khdng quy dinh cdn cu eu the bat hi can, bi edo dd tam giam ndn viec bdt thudng dua vao can cQ tam giam dan den vide dp dung phdp ludt khdng thdng nhat, dnh hudng ddn quydn cua bi can, bj cao.
- Mac dQ BLTTHS quy dinh "cd thl" tam giam chii khdng bdt budc phdi tam giam nhung tiong thuc tien didu tia, truy td, xet xQ hlu het nhQng ngudi pham tdi rdt nghidm trpng, phgm tgi dac bidt nghidm trgng ddu bj tam giam.
- Tinh tiang bi ean, bi cao bj tam giam ddi hon thdi gian phat tu ma toa an da tuydn ddi vdi hg van xay ra trong thyc tidn nhung phap luat chua quy djnh vdn dd giai quylt bdi thudng ddi vdi hg. Theo Lugt tiach nhidm bdi thudng ciia Nha nudc thi day khdng phai la trudng hop ngudi bj tgm giam dugc ydu cau bdi thudng. Van dd nay hien cdn nhieu y kien khac nhau nhung chiing tdi ddng y vdi quan diem cho ring trudng hpp nay co quan tien hanh td tung phdi xem xet bdi thudng nhu ddi vol ngudi bj oan. Bdi le, viec mdt ngudi bj tam giam vdi thdi gian dai han thdi ban ma ban an da tuyen hinh phat tii
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NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
ddi vdi hp la trdi phap luat. Do bj tam giam trdi luat ndn quyln vd lpi ich hpp phdp ciia hp khdng tianh khdi bi dnh hudng. Vi vay, hg phai ed quydn ydu eau cac co quan tidn hdnh td tung bdi thudng thidt hai.*
- Tinh trang ngudi bi tam giam chdt hodc tu tu ttong nha tara giam cdn xdy ra d mgt sd ttgi tara giam. Hodc gin ddy nhdt la vu 5 edng an d Phu Yen da cdng tay radt nghi can vdo ghi de xet hdi thay nhau diing dui cui danh ddn din cdi chdt eua ngudi ndy.*^' Thdm chi, trong trudng hop ndy, ngudi bj tridu tap cdn chua bj tara giam.
L2. Thue trgng bdo vi quyin cua ngudi bi bdt trong trudng hgp khdn cdp, trong trudng hgp phgm tgi qud tang hodc dang bi truy nd vd ngudi bi tgm giU
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi ngudi bi bdt tiong trudng hpp khdn cdp
Mac dil ddy Id trudng hpp bat ngudi cd tinh chat cap bdch dgc bidt, ndu khdng bat ngay thi ngudi bi nghi thyc hidn tgi pham se cd kha nang bd trdn nhung de bao ddm cho vide bat dugc tidn hdnh than tigng, khdch quan eiing nhu de bdo ve quydn eon ngudi eua ngudi bj bit, BLTTHS quy djnh ehi dugc bdt khi cd mgt tiong ba trudng hgp quy dinh tai Didu 81. Ddng thdi, khi bit vdn phai ed ldnh cQa ngudi ed tham quyen la thu trudng, phd thil tiudng co quan dilu tra cac cdp; ngudi chi huy quan dgi ddc lap d p tiung doan va tuong duong, ngudi ehi huy ddn bidn phdng d hdi dao vd bien gidi; ngudi chi huy tau bay, tau bien khi tau bay, tdu bidn da rdi khdi sdn bay, bin eang. Trong mpi tiudng hpp, viec bat khln d p phdi dugc bdo ngay cho vidn kiem sat (VKS) cimg d p
bing vdn bdn kem tiieo tdi lieu lidn quan din viec bit khan d p dl VKS xet phe chuln. Trong thdi ban 12 gid, kl tir khi nhan dupe de nghi xet phd chudn va tai lieu lidn quan ddn viec bdt khan cap, VKS phdi ra quydt dinh phd chudn hodc khdng phe chuln. Ndu VKS quylt dinh khdng phe chudn thi ngudi da ra ldnh bat phai trd ty do ngay cho ngudi bi bdt.
Qua nghien cuu quy dinh eua BLTTHS vl viec bit ngudi tiong trudng hgp khln dp vd thue tiln ap dyng chiing tdi thay edn bat cap d cho: Trudng hgp ngudi bj bdt khan cap do ngudi chi huy tau bay, tdu bien khi tau bay, tau bidn da rdi khdi san bay, ben cang ra ldnh thi khdng thd bao ngay cho VKS cimg d p bing vdn bdn kem theo tai lieu lien quan ddn vide bdt khan cap de xet phe ehuan.
Ddi vdi trudng hop ngudi cd thdm quyen ra ldnh bat khan cap la ngudi chi huy tau bay, tdu bidn khi tau bay, tau bidn da rdi khdi san bay, ben cdng quy dinh tai diem c khodn 2 Dilu 81 BLTTHS tiii rlt khd xac dinh dupc VKS cung cap nhu khi tau bay dang bay tren bdu tidi, tau bien dang d ngodi bidn. Ngoai ra, cdn cd trudng hap lam dung bdt khan cap khdng diing quy dinh ciia phap luat.
Thu hai, ddi vdi ngudi bi bit trong trudng hpp pham tdi qud tang hodc dang bi truy na
Khdc vdi ngudi bi bat de tgm giam va ngudi bj bat tiong trudng hgp khln dp, ngudi phgm tgi qua tang bj bdt khi dang thuc hidn tdi pham hoac ngay sau khi thuc hien tdi pham thi bi phat hidn hoae bj dudi bit.
Ngudi bi bit trong trudng hgp pham tdi qua tang ho^c dang hi truy na thi khdng cdn cd ldnh bit eiia co quan ed thdm quydn vd bit
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
Cli ai cung cd quyln bit rdi giai ngay ddn ca quan cdng an, VKS hoac uy ban nhdn dan nai gdn nhat. Cac co quan ndy phai lap bidn bdn va giai ngay ngudi bj bat ddn co quan didu tra cd thdm quyln.
Ngoai ra, BLTTHS quy djnh ehung viee bit ngudi pham tpi qua tang va bdt ngudi dang bi truy nd trong cung mdt didu luat la khdng phu hpp vi ddi tupng va thu tyc dp dung, nhiing vide cdn ldm sau khi tidp nhdn ngudi bi bdt trong hai trudng hop nay khdng gidng nhau. Ngudi bj bat trong trudng hgp pham tdi qua tang Id ngudi ehua bj khdi td vd hinh sy, tuc hg chua phai la bj can, bi cao cdn ngudi dang bi truy na la ngudi cd ldnh bdt hodc dd bi bdt, bj tam giQ, tam giam hay dang chap hdnh hinh phat tii thi bd trdn ma ea quan cd thdm quyen dd ra quydt dinh truy na. Mat khac, ddi vdi ngudi bj bat trong trudng hop phgm tdi qud tang, sau khi bi bat hp ed the bj tam giQ hoac khdng bi tgm giu theo Dieu 86 BLTTHS.
Cdn ddi vdi ngudi bi bat theo ldnh truy na thi sau khi bj bat, ea quan dieu tia cd tham quydn phai ap dyng bidn phap tam giQ hoac tgm giam ddi vdi hp.*^'
Thif ba, ddi vdi ngudi bi tam giQ Ngudi bi tam giQ Id ngudi bj bat trong trudng hgp khan cdp hoac pham tpi qua tang, ngudi bi bat theo quyet dinh truy na hoae ngudi pham tdi ty thu, ddu thu va da cd quyet djnh tam giQ ddi vdi hp. Theo quy djnh tgi Didu 86 BLTTHS thi nhung ngudi cd quydn ra ldnh bdt ngudi trong trudng hgp khan cap nhu da phan tich d trdn va chi huy trudng vung cdnh sat bien cd quydn ra quylt
djnh tam giu. De bao dam quyln vd lgi ich hgp phdp cho ngudi bi tam giQ, ngudi thi hanh quyet djnh tgm giu phdi gidi thfch dd ngudi bi tam giu bidt li do minh bj tgm giQ;
dupc gidi thich vd quyln va nghTa vu; trinh bay ldi khai; tu bao chQa hogc nhd ngudi khdc bao chua; dua ra tdi lieu, do vat, ydu cdu; khidu ngi vd vide tam giQ, hanh vi td tung cua ca quan, ngudi cd tham quydn tien hdnh td tung. Trong thdi hgn 12 gid, kd tu khi ra quylt djnh tgm giu, quyet dinh tam giu phai dupc gui cho VKS cimg cap. Neu xet thay vide tam giu khdng cd can cu hoae khdng cdn thidt thi VKS ra quyet dinh huy bd quylt dinh tam giQ vd ngudi ra quyet dinh tgm giQ phai tra tu do ngay cho ngudi bi tam giQ. Quydt djnh tam giQ ghi ro li do tam giQ, ngay het ban tam giu va giao cho ngudi bi tgm giQ mdt ban.
Mdc du BLTTHS da quy dinh tuong ddi day du nhung trong thyc tien thyc hidn nhiing quy djnh ve tam giQ cdn mdt sd bat cap sau:
- Ve tham quyen ra quyet djnh tam giQ:
Theo quy djnh tgi khoan 2 Dilu 86 BLTTHS thi chi huy trudng vung cdnh sdt bidn cd quyen quydt dinh vide tam giQ nhung hp Iai khdng cd quydn ra ldnh bat ngudi trong trudng hpp khdn cap. Mat khdc, BLTTHS quy djnh tam giQ dupe dp dung ddi vdi ngudi bj bat trong trudng hpp khln elp va tdt ca nhung ngudi cd quydn ra ldnh bdt ngudi trong trudng hpp khan cap ddu ed quyen ra ldnh tgm glu. Vay chi huy trudng vung cdnh sdt bien cd quyen quydt djnh viec tgm giu trong trudng hop nao?
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NGHIEN ciru - TRAO OOI
- Vd thdi hgn tara giQ: Theo quy dinh tai khodn 1 Dilu 87 BLTTHS thi thdi ban tgra giQ dupe tinh tu khi co quan didu tra nhan ngudi bi bit. Tuy nhidn, ddi tugng tam glQ dupc quy djnh tgi khodn 1 Didu 86 lai bao gdm cd trudng hgp ngudi pham tgi ty thii hoac ddu tbu. Didu dd cd nghta Id hp khdng phai Id ngudi bj bit. Do vay, thdi ban tam giQ quy dinh nhu tien la chua chfnh xdc.
Theo quy djnh tgi khoan 4 Dieu 87 thi thdi hgn tgm giQ dupc tinh vdo thdi ban tam giam. Tuy nhidn, ddi vdi trudng hpp ngudi bi tam giQ nhung lai khdng bj tara giam vd eung khdng bj toa an tuydn phat tu chung than hay tu hinh thi lai chua dugc dd cap.
Didu nay cung lam anh hudng den quydn lpi ciia ngudi bi tam giQ.
- Ve can cu dd gia han tam giQ: BLTTHS mdi chi dimg d vide quy djnh trong trudng hpp can thidt, ngudi ra quydt dinh tam giQ ed thd gia hgn tam giQ nhung khdng qud ba ngay; trong trudng hgp dae bidt, ngudi ra quydt dinh tam giQ ed the gia han tgm giu ldn thu hai nhung chua quy djnh rd trudng hpp nao dupc eoi la can thiet vd trudng hpp ndo dupc coi la dac bidt nen thyc tien dp dyng edn cd nhidu each hidu vd dp dung khdc nhau, lam dnh hudng khdng it din quyen ty do ciia ngudi bj tam giu.
2. Mot so kien nghi sua dli, bl sung quy dinh ve bien phap ngan chan nhlm bao dam quyen ciia nguoi bi bit, bj tara giara, tam giu-
2. L Hodn thiin quy dinh cita phdp ludt td tung hinh su bdo vi quyin ciia ngudi bi bdt di tgm giam vd ngudi bi tgm giam
Thu nhdt, sua ddi, bd sung Dilu 80 BLTTHS
Nhu dd phdn tich d trdn, tdn gpi cua Dieu 80 BLTTHS hien hdnh da ddn ddn cdch hilu khdng thdng nhit. Vi vdy, ndn ddi ten gpi cua Didu 80 thanh "bit tam giam bi can, bi edo";*'' sua ddi khodn 3 cbo phii hop vdi tdn didu ludt sua ddi ddng thdi bd sung mot khodn quy djnh vd trudng hap bat iJiu sau:
"Dieu 80: Bat tgm giam bi can, bj eao ... 3. Khdng dupe bat tam giam bj can, bi edo vdo ban dem, tru trudng hpp bdt khdn cap, pham tdi qua tang hode bdt ngudi dang bj truy nd quy dinh tgi Dieu 81, Didu 82 cua Bd luat nay.
4. Bdt tam giam ed the dugc ap dung doi vdi bi can, bi cao trong trudng hgp quy djnh tgi khodn 1 Didu 88 Bd Iuat nay".
Thic hai, sua ddi, bd sung quy djnh tai Didu 88 BLTTHS
Chung tdi hoan todn ddng y vdi quan diem sira ddi theo hudng kit hpp giQa ylu tl phan logi tpi pham vdi cd can cu cho rang bj can, bj cao cd the tidn hoac can trd vide dilu tra, truy td, xet xu hoac tiep tue phgm tgi.
Ddng thdi quy djnh cy thl hon can cu xac djnh bj can, bi cao ed thl trdn hodc cdn trd vide dilu tra, truy td, xet xu hoac tilp tuc pham tdi.*^' Quy dinh theo hudng ndy se khde phyc dupc bat cap vd vudng mic trong quy djnh tai Dilu 88 BLTTHS. Cu thl, sQa ddi khoan 1 Dilu 88 BLTTHS quy djnh vl tam giam nhu sau:
"1. Tam giam ed the dp dyng ddi vdi bj can, hi. eao vd tdi pham dac biet nghiem trgng, tgi pham rlt nghidm tipng; bi can, bi eao vl tgi pham nghidm tigng, tdi pham it nghidm tigng md Bg Iuat hinh sy quy djnh hinh phat til vd cd cdn cu xac dinh ngudi dd
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO OOI
thupc mdt trong nhung trudng hgp sau ddy;
a) Khdng ed nai eu tni hodc cdn cudc, Iai lich khdng ro rang;
b) Cd can cii cho rang bi can, bj edo tiep tyc pham tdi;
c) Cd cdn cu cho ring hi can, bj edo ed thd trdn;
d) Mua chude, eudng ep, xui giyc ngudi khac khai bdo gian ddi, cung cap tdi lieu sai sy that;
d) Tieu buy, gla mao chung cu tiong vu an;
e) Cd hanh vi khac edn trd vide didu tra, truy td, xet xu".
2.2. Hodn thiin quy dinh eua phdp ludt Id tung hinh sie bdo vi quyin cita ngudi bi bat trong trudng hop khdn cdp, phgm tgi qud tang hogc dang bi truy nd vd ngudi bi tgm giic
Thic nhdt, sua ddi, bd sung Dieu 81 BLTTHS
Diem a khoan 1 Dilu 81 BLTTHS quy djnh vd mdt trong cac trudng hop dupc bdt khan cdp la "khi co cdn cie di eho rdng ngudi do dang chudn bi thuc hien tgi phgm rdt nghiem trgng hode tgi phgm dge biit nghiem trgng". Thye te yeu cdu ddu tranh phdng chdng tdi phgm ddi hdi phai ra quydt djnh nhanh ndn rat khd vd trong nhieu trudng hpp khdng the xdc djnh hdnh vi chuan bi phgm tdi thudc loai tdi phgm nao.
Mat khdc, vide bat vd dinh tpi danh la hai van de khdc nhau. Bdt la bien phdp de ngdn chgn, cdn djnh tgi Id dd xu li. Myc dfch ciia viec dp dyng bidn phap ngdn chgn Id ngdn khdng de ngudi cd hdnh vi pham tdi tidp tuc pham tdi, can trd dilu tra, trdn tranh traeh nhidm hinh su. Vi vdy, dd dap iing ydu elu
ngdn chdn kjp thdi hdnh vi phgm tdi ddng thdi bao ve tdt hon nQa quyln cua ngudi bj bdt, cdn bd sung quy djnh dd ngudi bi bdt trong trudng hgp khan cdp phai dupc thdng bao ve viee bat va ed quydn ed ludt su bdo vd. Quy dinh theo hudng nay ciing hodn toan phu hgp vdi khodn 4 Dieu 31 Hidn phdp nam 2013. Theo phdn tieh trdn va muc 1.2, chung tdi cho rdng:
- Didm a khoan 1 Didu 81 can dupc sua ddi, bd sung nhu sau: "a) Khi cd can cQ xae djnh mgt ngudi dang chudn bj thuc hidn tdi phgm md xet thdy can phai bdt dd ngdn chan vide ngudi dd pham tdi".
- Bd sung didm d (mdi) vao khoan 2 Didu 81 nhu sau: "d) Chi huy trudng viing cdnh sdt bien".
- Sua ddi khodn 4 Didu 81 nhu sau;
"Trong mgi trudng hpp, viec bdt khan cap phai dugc bdo ngay cho VKS cung cap bdng van ban trong thdi hgn 12 gid ke tQ thdi didm thi hdnh ldnh bdt, kem theo tai lieu cd lien quan ddn vide bdt khan cap de xet phd chudn. Ddi vdi trudng hpp quy dinh tai diem e khodn 2 Didu ludt ndy, thdm quydn dd xet phe chuan ldnh bdt khdn cdp la VKS nai cd san bay hoae ben cang trd vd ddu tien hoae nai tau bay, tau bidn dd dupc ddng kf.
Trong thdi han 12 gid sau khi bat giu, VKS cung cdp phdi tryc tiep gap, lay ldi khai cua ngudi bj bdt trudc khi quydt djnh phe chuan hodc khdng phd chudn vide bat".
Thti hai, sua ddi, bd sung Didu 82 BLTTHS theo hudng tdch thanh hai dilu luat, mdt didu quy djnh vd bat ngudi phgm tdi qua tang va mpt didu quy dinh ve bdt
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ngudi dang bj truy nd. Theo do, vide bdt ngudi dang bj truy na (tam ggi Id Dieu 82a) se dupc quy djnh nhu sau:
"1. Ddi vdi ngudi dang bi truy nd thi bat ki ngudi nao cung cd quyen bat, tude vu khf ciia ngudi bj bit va gidi ngay den co quan cdng an, VKS bode uy ban nhdn dan nai gan nhdt. Cac co quan nay phdi lap bien ban va gidi ngay ngudi bj bdt ddn co quan dieu tra cd tham quydn.
2. Sau khi bit hoac nhdn ngudi bi bat tiong trudng hpp truy na, ea quan didu tra nhdn ngudi bj bat phdi tien hdnh lay ldi khai, lap danh chi ban cua ngudi bi bat vd gQi ngay thdng bao kem theo danh chl bdn cua ngudi do cho co quan da ra quydt dinh truy nd de den nhgn ngudi bj bat. Trudng hpp co quan dd ra quydt dinh truy na khdng the ddn nhan ngay ngudi b; bdt thi sau khi lay Idi khai phdi ra ngay quydt dinh tgm giQ ddng thdi thdng bdo cho ca quan da ra Idnh truy na biet. Vide tgm giu va gia ban tam giQ dupc thye hien theo quy djnh tai Dilu 87 cua Bd Iuat nay.
3. Sau khi nhdn ngudi bj bdt, co quan da ra quyet dinh truy na phdi ra ngay quylt djnh dinh nd. Neu khdng thd ddn nhan ngay ngudi bi bat thi ca quan da ra quydt dinh truy na phdi ra ngay lenh tam giam va giri lenh tara giam da dupe VKS cung cdp phd chuln cho CO quan dieu tra nhan ngudi bi bit. Sau khi nhan dugc lenh tam giam, ca quan dilu tra nhan ngudi bi bat cd trach nhidm gui ngay ngudi bi bit dd din trgi tam giam nai gdn nhat. Thdi ban tam giam ngudi bj bit tiong trudng hpp truy na khdng qua ba muoi ngdy".*''
Thirba,h6 sung khoan 3 Dilu 86 BLTTHS ve tam giu
Can quy djnh cu the ho^c bd sung quy dinh vl each tinh thdi ban tgm giQ doi vdi trudng hpp ngudl cd thdm quydn ra ldnh tam giQ la chi huy tdu bay, tau bidn khi tau bay, tdu biln da rdi san bay, ben cang ma khi tau bay, tau bidn khdng the ve ehuyen giao ngudi bj bat cho ca quan cd thdm quyen ngay dupc. Ngodi ra, theo quy djnh tai Didu 48 BLTTHS, ngudi bi tgm giti cd quyen tu bao chQa hodc nhd ngudi khac bao chQa cho minh song BLTTHS hidn hdnh Iai chua quy dinh viec ea quan ra quydt dinh tam giQ thdng bao vide tam giQ. Vi vay, ehung toi ddng y vdi quan diem sua ddi, bd sung khoan 3 Dieu 86 theo hudng sau: Trong han 12 gid kd tu khi bi tam giQ co quan ra quyet djnh tgm giQ phdi thdng bao cho gia dinh ngudi bi tam giu, chinh quydn xd, phudng, thj tran hoac ca quan, td chuc noi ngudi bi tgm giu cu tni hoae lam vide. Trudng hpp ngudi bj tam giu ydu d u mdi ngudi bao chQa thi ea quan ra quylt djnh tam giQ phdi thdng bao cho ngudi bao ehua (nlu hp mdi dich danh) hogc dodn luat su dd giup ngudi bi tam giQ mdi ngudi bdo chua.*'**'
Ngoai nhung de xudt sQa ddi, bd sung nhu trdn, ehung tdi cho ring d n phdi bl sung khodn 1 Dilu 87 vdi ndi dung: Thdi han tam giQ dupc tinh tu khi ca quan dilu tra bat hodc nhan ngudi bi bit; bd sung khodn 4 Dieu 87 theo hudng thdi ban tgm giQ khdng chi dugc trQ vdo thdi ban tam giam md tiong trudng hpp ngudi bj tam giu khdng bj tam giam thi thdi han tam giu phai
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI
dupc trQ vdo thdi ban chap hdnh hinh phat tu; bd sung dieu ludt mdi quy djnh ve trdch nhidm cua ca quan, ngudi ed thdm quyln ddi vdi ngudi bi bat, ngudi bj tam giam, tam giu va didu luat quy djnh ve quydn cua ngudi bi bat trong trudng hop khdn cap phdi dupc biet li do bi bat. Ngudi bj bit, ngudi hi tgm giam (ngodi quy djnh tai Dieu 49, Didu 50 BLTTHS), ngudi bi tgm glQ (ngodi quy dinh tgi Dilu 48 BLTTHS) phai dupe chu ddng hon trong vide bao ve quyen vd lgi ieh hgp phap eua minh nhu khdng chi cd quyln nhd ludt su md cdn cd quydn ydu cdu gap luat su bdo chua (chu khdng chi quy dinh ludt su cd quydn gap hg nhu phap luat td tyng hinh sy hidn hdnh)...
Hoan thien cac quy djnh vd bidn phap ngan chdn nham bao vd quyen cua ngudi bj bit, bj tgm giam, tam giQ trong td tyng hinh sy cd y nghta quan trpng trong vide thye hien dudng ldi, chinh sach cua Dang va phdp luat cua Nha nudc, ddc biet la trong bdi eanh eai each tu phdp va trong xu thd hdi nhdp qudc te hidn nay. De bdo dam quyln cua hp trong td tung hinh su, can cd nhiing bao ddm ddng bd, trong do cd bdo dam ve phap li. Tren ca sd nhu da phan tich tren cho thay phap ludt td tyng hinh sy ndi chung mdi chi dQng d mtic do quy dinh vd doi tupng, thdm quyen vd thu tyc bit, tam giu, tgm giam vd cdn thidu quy dinh cu the ve vide bao ve hp. Do vdy, trudc hdt can phai cd he thdng phdp ludt td tyng hinh su hodn chinh lam co sd phdp li cho vide bao vd quyln cua ngudi bj bit, bj tam giam, tam giQ. Phdi tdng cudng hon nQa sy kilm tra.
giam sat ttong vide thyc hidn nhung quy dinh cua BLTTHS nhdm kjp thdi ngdn chdn nhung vi phara phap luat trong hoat ddng td tung dnh hudng din quyln cua ngudi bj bdt, bj tgm giam, tam giu./.
(l).Xem: Trudng Dgi hpc LuSt Hi Npi, Gido trinh lugt id tung Mnh sir Vi?t Nam. Nxb. Tu phip. Hi Npi, 2006, tr.47.
(2). Trudng hop bi can, bj cio li dfii tugng nfiu tren nhung bo trfln vi bi bit theo Ifinh truy ni; bi can, bj cao dupc ip dyng bien phap ngin chin khic nhung tifip tuc phgm tfii hoic cfl y cin trd nghifim trpng den vific difiu tra, truy tfl, xfit xti; bj can, bj cio pham tpi xim phgm an ninh qufic gia vi cd dii cin cii cho ring nfiu khong tam giam dfii vdi hp thl sS giy nguy hai din an ninh quflc gia van bi tam giam.
(3).Xem: Nguyfin Thii Philc, "Thyc ti§n bio dam quyen con ngudi trong tfi tung hinh sy Vi$t Nam", Tgp chi khoa hgc phdp li, so 3/2006.
(4).Xem: "CJ tu 16 co duac dfii bfii thudng?", Bdo Ddt Vtet, sfi ra ngiy 27/10/2009.
(5). Xem; "Xfit hdi vdi... diii cui nghi can tu vong", Ngufin: http://nld.com.vn/phap-luat/xet-hoi-voi-dui-cui- nghi-can-tu-vong-20140309214000353.htm, ngiy truy cap 02/11/2014.
(6).Xem: TS. Trin Quang Thdng, ThS. Trin Thio, Mgt sd vdn de hodn ihi^n bi4n phdp ngdn chgn bdt ngudi trong ludt to tung htnh sir Vi4l Nam, ngufln:
http://www.pup.edu.vn/vi/Dien-dan-phap-luat/Mot- so-van-de-hoan-thien-bien-phap-ngan-chan-bat- nguoi-trong-Luat-To-tung-hinh-su-VN-400, ngiy truy cip 02/11/2014.
(7).Xem: TS. Trin Quang Thfing, ThS. Trin Thio, tldd.
(8),Xem: Ban sogn thao BLTTHS, Du thdo I, ngufln:
vksndtc.gov. vn/tintuc/up/FCKEditor_Upload/File/Odu thaohoanthien.DOC.
(9).Xem: Ban sogn thao BLTTHS, Tii li?u tpa dim Dy thio BLTTHS, ngay 23/8/2014.
(lO).Xem: TS. Pham Manh Hiing, "Hoin thifin cic quy dinh vl bifin phip ngin chin trong BLTTHS theo yfiu cau cai each tu phip", Tgp chi kiim sdt, sfi 21/2007, tr. 31.
TAP CHi LUAT H O C S O 11/2014