S o Trung Hieu
T 6 chCTc Nong nghiep vA LUtfng thi/c t h £ gidi (FAO) d u dodn ddn so toan cau se d^t 8 ti ngU&i vao ndm 2 0 2 5 va 9,6 ti ngi/di vao nam 2 0 5 0 . Oe dam bao lUtfng thi/c cung cSp cho dan so nhu" v^y, nganh san xuSt th^c pham phai tdng sdn I t r ^ g len 7091^ vao ndm 2 0 5 0 .
Tuy nhidn, cd mdt sd rao can dfi dgt dupc muc tidu ndy, bao gdm: Tdc dd tdng trudng ndng sufit 0am; Difin tich canh tde 0dl bgn; Bidn ddi khi hdu;
Sy 0 a tdng eua nhu cfiu nudc sach; Sy thifiu hyt va chl phi ndng luong (ddc bidt ndng luong khi ddt|;
Anh hudng eua Dd thi hda ldn cdc ngudn lao ddng ndng todiL
Theo mdt bdo cdo gfin ddy cita co quan chdng bifin ddi khi hfiu Lidn hidp qudc (IPCC), bien ddi khi hfiu se tdc ddng ldn dfin ndng nghidp. Tfit ca nhflng yfiu td ndy ddu cd th6 ldm giam sdn lupng tou hogch. bao gdm su 0 a tdng eua eae su kidn todi tifit rtou mua Idn, bao vdi cudng dd ldn hon vd rtoflng dgt ndng ndng. Mua ldn cd thd dfin tdi Ifl lyt
vd sdi Id ddt, ttong khi d nhflng khy vyc khd han tten thd gidi. tinh ttgng thidu hut nudc ttd ndn ttfim ttpng hon. Bifin ddi khi hdu cflng cd tofi lam 0 a tdng nhflng tac ddng mdi tiudng nhu sy toay ddi cde sy kidn toeo mfla ttong vdng ddi cua cdc logi edy vd ddng vdt.
Ndng nghifip cung tidu toy 70% luong nudc sgch ttdn thd gidl; do dd vide quan Iy nudc cCuig song hdnh vdi vfin dfi an ninh luong toyc.
Dfi 0ai quyet nhung toach toflc ndy, FAO dfi xufit tat ca cdc Iiic lugng ndng nghifip cdn phai duac ttgng bi nhflng cdng cu vd edng nghd, dfic bifit Id cdng nghe sd.
N O N G N G H I E P C H I N H X A C M A N G L A I D I E U G I ?
Ndng n0udp chmh xde nlidm mue dich tdi im hdg san lugng ttdn mdt don vi dat cgnh tde, bdng cdeh su dung nhflng cdng cy tten tifin nhfit toeo each
TAP CHi CNTT&TT K Y I ( 1 0 . 2 0 1 6 ) 2 1 |
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toiic bfin vflng nhdt, dfi dgt dupe chdt Iupng, san Iupng Idn nhdt va ddng todi vdi dd Id hifiu qua kmh tfi.
Ndng nghifip ehlnh xde su dyng mdt loat cdc cdng nghfi bgo gdm: dmh vi GPS, cdm bifin. Big Data dfi tdi da hda san Iimng. Thay ^^
kinh nghifim mang tinh chu quan cua nhd ndng, hfi todng hd ttg ra quyfit dinh dya ttdn Cdng nghfi todng tm, duoc hd tto bdi ngudn dfl Ufiu
todi 0an toye, ed thd eung cfip todm todng tm Udn quan ddn tfit ca cdc ydu td ciia ndng nghifip d mdt quy md chua tflng tofiy. Difiu ndy eho phdp dua ra nhflng quyfit djrto carto ldc tdt hon, 0am thifiu tidu toy nudc vd tdi da hda hidu qua carto tdc.
Nhflng kJ ndng vd quy tiinh cfin thifit ttong ndng nghifip 0 d ddy cdn cd todm Unh vuc Robotics, xu ly dnh, dinh vi GPS, cdc 0al phdp dyg trdn hifiu bifit khoa hgc, dy bdo todi tifit, cdc 0ai phdp cdng nghd, difiu khifin mdi trudng, v.v.. Vi tofi de su dung hidu qua rtodt nhflng cdng nghd ndy, cdn phdi ddo tap cho nhflng ngudi ndng ddn vd quan ly su dyng edng nghd.
Ndng nghidp chinh xdc ddi khi cdn duoe ggi Id
"Ndng nghidp todng minh", mdt khdi mdm dfi so sdnh vdl nhiing flng dyng M2M nhu Cdng to todng minh, Thdnh phd todng mmh... Ndng nghidp chinh xdc ban todn nd Id mdt phuong phdp chuyfin mdn dfic bidt Nd dua ttdn nhflng cdng nghfi earn bifin vfin dd dflpc flng dyng rfing rai ttong nhflng Hnh vuc khde, ehdng hgn nhu Gidm sdt d nhifim mdi trudng, difiu khifin thifit bi tfl xa, 0am sal/ehdm sde
Hmh 1: C^ cfing nghfi dugc uig dgng Irong NOng nghifip thOng minh.
sue khde bfinh nhdn tfl xa, edng nghfi quan ly cdng trinh flng dyng trong giam sdt eac khu vyc canh tac, vd nhifiy ban nfla.
Trong tdt ca cdc flng dung M2M, cdc hfi todng Cdng nghfi todng tm se tou todp, phfin tich, ddi chieu dfl hfiu vd hifin th) dfl Udu rtodm giflp ngudl ndng ddn phan ung phfl hgp vd kip todi vdi lugng todng tm nhfin dugc. Ddi vdi ngudi ndng ddn, mfit lugng ldn todng tin da dgng Uen quan dfin sirto tmdng cdy ttdng, vfit nudt tirto ttang mdy mdc, luong nguydn vfit Ufiu dugc quan Iy tii xa cd Ich ttong vide ra quyfit dtoh.
Hirto 1 ehi ra itoitog cfing nghfi khde nhau dupc flng dyng ttong Ndng nghifip todng mtoh.
•JTNG D U N G C U A N O N G N G H I E P THONG MINH
Tdp hgp cdc Cdng nghd su dung ttong Ndng nghidp todng mtoh rdt da dgng, nhdm ddp iing cdc hoat ddng da dgng cua ngudi ndng ddn vd ede bfin Ufin quan trong cdc hogt ddng ndng nghifip. Ndng nghidp todng minh cd tofi ung dung ttong nhihig Unh TOC sau:
- Didu khifin tiiifit bi - 0dm sdt phuong tifin ndng nghidp.
- Canh tdc ttdn quy md ldn - nhd khde nhau.
- Quan ly chdn nudi gia sflc.
- Ndng nghidp trong nhd - nhd kmh vd nhd ludl.
- Nudi ttdng Thuy san.
- Ldm nghifip.
2 2 TAP CHI CNTT&TT K Y I (10.2016)
CONG NGHE - GIAI PHAP
- Qudn ly luu tiQ ndng san, ngudn nudc vd ngudn nhidn Udu.
HE SINH THAI NONG NGHIEP THONG MINH
Su da dgng vd phfle tgp cua Ndng nghidp todng minh cflng phan anh hd sinh todi cua cac bdn toam 0 a vdo qua trinh san xufit ndng nghidp. Cd toe phdn Ioai cde bdn Udn quan dd rtou sau:
- Cde nhd cung cfip edng nghd - bao gdm cac itoa cung cdp dich vu vifin todng, glai phap M2M cam bifin, cdc hfi todng hd ttg ra quyfit dinh tii hg tfing, cdc hd todng phdn tich dfl hdu ldn (Big data), cdc flng dyng dfl Ufiu ban dd, cdc flng dyng smgitphone.
- Cac rtod cung efip ttang thifit bi ndng nghifip (robot, mdy cdy, mdy Ufin hop), cdc cdng trinh ndng nghidp, cflng rtou nhflng nhd cung cap sdn phfim dde bifit (hat gidng, phdn bdn, toflc dn chdn nudi) vd cdc ehuydn 0 a vd quan ly canh tac vd ehdn nudi.
- Khdeh hdng: ndng dan, ede hpp tac xd vd tfi chflc ndng nghifip.
- Cde iidn gdy dnh hudng: rtottog bdn quyfit dirto 0 a ca, dnh hudng dfin thj trudng md ttong dd ngudl ndng ddn bdn san phfim cug minh.
Danh sdeh cdc ben Uen quan ttong hogt ddng ndng nghifip la rfit da dang, ttai ddi tii nhung td chflc kinh doarto, tai ctunh Idn, cde td ehfle edng nghd, cdc cdng ty hda chat rtod bdn lfi toue phfim cho tdi nhflng td chuc c^ng nghidp vd tap dodn, rtoung nhd cung cap nhd le ttong mpi lirto vuc ndng nghidp.
Ngudl dflng cudi ttong cac 0ai phdp ndng nghifip chuto xdc bao gdm khdng chl ngudi ndng ddn, md cdn Id rtoiing nhd quan ly, ngudi su dung eac hd todng IT. Cflng phai kfi todm vai ttd cua lue lugng tofl y ttpng vide chdm sde sflc khde vfit nudt rtoflng ngudl (M thd 0up nhflng ndng ddn nhd Ifi ttong vific hudng dan, hd ttg.
Nhflng td ehflc ndng nghifip gid ddy dd tou tofip lugng todng tm khdng Id tu nhimg yfiu td arto hudng dfin ndng nghifip rtou dfit dai, dinh dudng vd todi ttfit. Dfl Udu Id todnh phdn co ban cua Ndng nghifip todng minh, cho du dfl Ufiu dd dfin tfl mdt mfiu dfit, hay mdt tm hidu vfi tmh. Chdng hgn, ede difim tou togp dfl Ufiu cd &k6 phdt hifin rtoQng bifin ddi bdt toudng hodc Idu ddi ttong mdt khu vuc eaito tdc.
Nhifiu yfiu td cd thd dSn dfin sy bifin ddi ndy; anh hudng eua tflng yfiu td cd thd duoc do Iudng vd qudn ly todng qua cdng nghd phdn tieh dfl Ufiu.
P CHI CNTT&TT KYI (10.2016) I 2 3 I
Cdc ung dyng ndng nghiep dang dan dugc men khai ttdn c^ng nghd dien todn dam mdy, vdl muc dich ehia se, tmy cap, ddng bp hda vd luu tru du Udu, ddng todi giam thifiu ehi phi edng nghe eho ngudi ndng ddn. Su phd bifin ciia cdc thiet bi di ddng todng mmh ttong ndng nghidp ddng n0iia vdi vide eac flng dung cd toe duoc su dyng de Iuu tru du Ufiu khi offline cho dfin khi mpi tofl dupc ddng tid hda (khi onUne); dfl Udu khdng cdn phai gdn ehdt vao mdt may tmh don le tai mdt vi to ed dmh nfla.
Sy hpp tae la rat quan ttpng trong chudi gid tii, bdi ngay ca mdt rtod cung cdp ldn nhfit cflng khdng tofi ddp flng hdt tfit ea rtoiing nhu cfiu cua khdch hdng, md cfin sy hgp tdc.
Nhiing tfi ehflc hpp tdc phflc tap hon dang dugc hlnh todnh 0fla cde nhdm Unh vuc khac nhau, ttong dd mdi bfin toam 0 a mang dfin rtottng ky ndng vd chuydn mdn kinh nghifim khde nhgu, d quy md dia phuong cflng nhu todn edu.
CHINH PHU VA CHINH SACH UU DAI Vific mfin khai cdc 0ai phdp Ndng nghifip todng mmh dang difin ra vdi mdt tdc dd khdng dii nhanh.
Ly do chp didu ndy Id chi phi co ban - ehi nhflng ndng ttgi quy md ldn mdi cd tifim lye ddu tu, va
eac td ehiic nay toudng rfit todn trong, chdng hgn d nudc Due, cd tdi 2 phan 3 cde ndng trgi cd quy md nhd vd vua (mdt ndng ttai dudi 10 ha dupe eoi Id nhd va trdn 50 ha Id ldn). Vi ly do dd, cac td chflc chmh phu dang hd tto mfin khai rtoiing edng nghfi mdi todng qua eac dy an vd chuong trirto ttg cfip.
Tu nam 2007 dfin 2013, EU dd ddu tu 9S ti Euro vao Quy Phat tiifin ndng todn chfiu Au dfi 0up hifin dgi hda Hnh vye san xufit ndng ngtilep. Cflng todi 0 a n do, Quy phat mfin vflng chdu Au da cung cfip 350 ti Euro cho phdt trifin cdc vung ndng todn ttdn mdt quy md rdng ldn hon. Mdt sd chuong trinh qufic 0 a de hd ttg cho "ndng nghifip chinh xdc":
- Vuong qudc Anh - Cae 0 a i phap cfing nghfi nhdm ndng eao san Iupng ndng nghidp duoc hfi ttg bdi nhleu td chflc chinh phfl khac nhau.
- Dflc - Chuong trirto Ndng nghidp 4.0.
- Hd Lan - Du dn 0am sat dd difia
- Tdy Ban Nha - Cde dy an ve quan ly tudi tidu vd ttdng itoo.
CAC RAO CAN VA DONG Ll/C Cac rdo can vd ddng lye ttong vide mfin khai Ndng nghiep chiito xac duge Ufit kd ttong Bang I.
CONG NGHE - GIAI PHAP
Bang 1-Rao can va d(rg lw tajng triAi khai Ncng nghiSp chinh xac
Nhu cfiu cap thiet ttong viec giam tidu thu nudc vd tdng hidu qua su dyng nudc Nhu cau xdc dirto xdi mdn dfit tai cdc khu vuc tham canh
H6 ttg tfl eac du dn va quy cdng ddng Nhu cau duong ddu vdi Bifin ddi khi hdu va suy giam chdt lugng mdi tmdng
Kha ndng tou hdi vdn khdng rd rdng vd vific trifin kliai Ndng n0ildp chirto xac edn rtod va manh mfln
Thifiu nhflng yfiu td tdng mrdng mdi trong Unh vuc Ndng nghifip
Sy thifiu dn dirto vd ehinh xde vdn cd ttong cdng nghfi du bao todi tifit eac vfin dfi chirto tri d ede noi khde ttdn tofi 0di Cdu hdi: ai Id ngudl sd hiiu dfl Ufiu tou thdp vfi?
Giam sat va toeo ddi lidng cdng nghd M2M dang tta ndn ngdy cdng phd bien trong mgi lirto vyc Chi phi cam bifin vd kfit ndi ngdy cang giam Su pliat men cfla edng nghe quan ly dfl Udu ttong qudn ly luong dfl Ueu khdng Id tfl M2M Ndng dan ngdy cang quen toude ban vdi cdc flng dung Cdng nghd todng tm
Su yfiu kem cua ha tang vidn todng khu vyc ndng todn
Cac tidu chufin cho mgng ludl earn bidn vd tmyfin dfl bdu van cdn dang chua hodn thidn Phdn mfim ndng nghifip ehuydn sfiu edn yfiy vd tiufiu
Vfin dfi an nirto dtt bfiu
HU'QNG DEN NONG NGHIEP THONG MINH - NONG NGHIEP G A N LIEN V O I loT
Trong khi edng nghfi vdn cdn dang d giai doan so khat sy ndi Idn cua "ndng trai kfit ndi' dang ngdy cdng ttd thdnh hidn toyc, kfil ndi khdng chi vdl itoait md cdn vdi hdng logt ede dfl Ufiu Uch su khde (rtou su kidn todi ttfit khi hfiu. kuto tfi, todng ttn vfi san phfim vd mdy mdc...). Ddy chinh la difiu md loT hudng dfin. kfit ndi cdc hd todng nhdm tgo ra mdt tdm nhm da chifiu, mang tirto tich bpp vao ttong cde hogt ddng ndng nghidp, eho phdp hifiu sdu hon ve todn bd bfi smh todi Ndng nghifip chinh xdc cd thd phdt mfin trd todnh "Ndng nghifip ra quyfit dinh' (decision fanmng).
Tu gde nhto M2M, Qnh vuc ndng n0ildp vfin dang dupc col Id mdt mang nhd. Tuy rtoidn, cdng n0id
M2M va tfit ea rtoflng cdng nghfi xoay quarto loT ddu Id rtottng yfiu td ofit ldi ttong vific chuyfin ddi ndng n0ildp sang Ndng nghidp todng minh. Ngdy edng cd nhifiu hon nhiing anh hudng tryc tifip tu cdng nghd M2M tdi ndng n0iiep, xoay quanh vific eung cdp kfit ndi tii xa giitei cdc cdm bifin ttdn ddng mdng vd h$
thdng quan ly todng tin ndng ttgi Tuy nhidn, chung ta cflng dy doan rdng vific su dung edm bifin ttong ndng ngtiidp se phd bifin dfin nhifiu Hrto vuc hd ttg, nhu giam sdt mdi trudng, qudn ly dfit dat vd tiny xudt ngi^n gfic toyc phfim. Day Id kfit qya eua sy quan tam Idn hon raa edng (Mng vdo nhung vfin dfi nhu an todn thuc phfim vd bdo tdn mdi tiudng hoang dd. Vdi tam nhin aia cde bdn Udn quan vd eiia ehinh phu ttong vific kfit hgp nlni cau ndng nghifip chinh xdc vdl cde ca bdi kmh doanh, Ndng nghidp todng minh se bflng nd ttong tuong Iai gfin,/.
TAP CHi CNTT&rr KY 1 ( 1 0 . 2 0 1 6 ) | 2 5 1