HGmiai CDU - TBiio B6I
SUY NGAM VE CHE DWH TO! PHAM TRONG PHAN CHUNG DU THAO BbLUAT HiNH SU VIET NAM
ht VAN C A M * M A I T H I T H U H A N G *
I. N b ^ n xet cac quy dinh ve tgi p h a m trong Phlin chung D ^ thao Bo lugt Hinh s u (sira doi t h a n g 7/2015)
1. Nhiing uu diim chinh.
Viec nghien edu cdc quy dinh v l t^i pham tgi Chuong III "Tpi phgm" vdi ven ven ehi cd 12 Dilu ludt (eae Dilu 8-19) trong Phdn chung D y thdo BLHS (Sua ddi thdng 7/2015 de dua ra lay y kiln nhdn ddn; sau day viet tit la Du thdo thdng 7/2015) eho t h i y nhiing uu diem chinh cd y nghia nhgn thiec khoa hoc vd y nghla thuc tien quan trgng xiing ddng dugc danh gid cao, vi chinh bang cdc uu viet nay da gdp phdn ldm sdu sac xu hu&ng nhdn dgo hoa phdp luat hinh sy (PLHS) quoc gia theo dinh hudng tang cudng hon nua viec bdo vg cae quyen con ngudi, dd la ke tii khi phdp d i i n hda PLHS Viet Nam Idn thu nhdt vdi vige thdng qua BLHS nam 1985 d i n nay, Idn ddu tien trong Idp phap hinh sy nhd ldm luat Viet Nam da:
Mpt Id, dua c h l dinh/^Adn logi tpi phgm (PLTP) vdi tu each Id mgt che dinh dgc lap ra khdi Dieu 8 "Khdi niem tpi pham" de xdy dyng thdnh mdt Dieu rieng biet (Dieu 9 mdi "Phdn loai tpi phgm").
Hai Id. khac phue dugc su bdt hap ly vd phi khoa hpe da ton tgi sudt mdy chuc ndm qua (ti-ong BLHS nam 1985 vd sau dd cd
frong BLHS nam 1999 hien hanh) Id: Dua eae quy dinh ve nhung trudng hgp khong phdi la tpi phgm (nhu sy kidn bat ngd, phdng ve chinh dang, tinh thd cdp thiet...) ra khdi Chuang III "Tpiphgm" de ghi nhdn rieng biet cdc quy dinh ndy trong mdt Chuong dpe lap vd hodn todn m&i Chuong r v "Nhung tru&ng hap logi trie trdch nhiem hinh su " (TNHS) vdi 7 Dieu luat (cdc Dilu 22-28). Mae du d ddy de bdo dam tinh chinh xdc han ve mat khoa hoc thi can phai thay thudt ngu "TNHS" bang thuat ngii "tinh chdt tpi phgm" cua hdnh vi (vi "TNHS" Id hdu qud chi ed sau khi thye hien "hdnh vf cd tinh chdt tgi phgm !!!)
Ba Id, phi tpi phgm hoa (du Id ehi phdn nao thdi chd chua dugc hodn todn ddi vdi tdt cd ede logi tgi phgm trong BLHS) hdnh vi che gidu tpi phgm eho nhau ciia nhirng ngudi thdn thich gan (nhu: dng ba-chau, eba me-con, vg-chdng, anh-chi-em mgt).
2. Mot so nhupfc diem ca bdn.
Tuy nhien, ben cgnh nhiing uu d i l m Idn vd chil yeu da phdn tich tren ddy, cung can
Giiosu, TiSn sTkhoa hoc, Giim d6c Trung tim nghien cuv Luit hinh su- - Tgi ph^m hoc Khoa Luat tn/c thu0c Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hi Npi Thae SI. Tru&ng Bai hpe Dieu ducmg Nam Djnh.
So21(thang11/2015)\
Tgp chi _K1EMSAT I 2 7
HGHitH ctni • TRAOD6I
phdi thdng thin ehi ra ring, ede quy dinh trong Chuang III "Tpi phgm" cua Du thdo thdng 7/2015 vdn cdn tin tgi mdt sd nhupc diem ca bdn ciia PLHS Viet Nam hien hanh (trong dd cd cd nhung khilm khuyet van edn tdn tgi tu BLHS nam 1985), md sudt tiong mdy chyc nam qua tuy chiing tdi da rdt nhieu lan ehi ra trong sdch bdo phdp ly hinh sy nhung van chua dugc khac phuc, ching hgn nhu:
Thir nhdt, hodn todn chua ghi nhdn ede dinh nghia Ipp phdp (DNLP) ciia mgt logt phgm tni thugc che dinh da (nhieu) tpi phgm. Day chinh Id nhugc diem eo bdn vd ehii yeu nhdt ciia che dinh tgi pham tiong Phdn ehung PLHS Viet Nam. Bdi le, hogt dgng dp dyng PLHS ndi rieng va hogt dgng ddu tranh phdng, chong tdi pham ndi ehimg ciia ddt nudc tir rat lau da chdng minh rang, khdi niem phdp ly ciia cac phgm tru ndy ed y nghia nhgn thuc-khoa hpe thong nhat rat quan trgng khdng nhiing ddi vdi vigc bdo vg cdc quyln eon ngudi bang PLHS, md cdn ddi vdi vigc dp dyng diing din cdc quy dinh ciia PLHS tiong thye tien eua eac co quan bdo vg phdp ludt (nhu dilu tia, truy td) vd cdc co quan tu phdp (Tda an), nhdt Id khi Hien phdp mdi nam 2013 da duge thi hdnh.
Thii- hai, ciing edn luu y ring, npi dung eua mgt sd khdi nigm thugc chl dinh da (nhilu) tgi phgm hogc Id (I) da tii Idu dugc gidi tiiich trong thyc tien xet xu hoae la (2) ten gpi ciia chiing da dl cap frong mgt sd dieu khoan khde ciia Phdn ehung PLHS Vi?t Nam da vd dang hien hanh, ehing hgn nhu: 1) "phgm tpi nhieu lan", 2) "phgm nhieu tpr, 3) "phgm tpi nhieu lan" va 4)
"phgm tpi co tinh chdt chuyen nghiep" Id gi(?). Chinh vi vdy, rd rdng Id ehiing can
phdi dugc ghi nhdn ve mat lap phdp tiong Phdn chung BLHS de tao dieu kien thudn Ipri cho thuc tien dp d^ng PLHS nudc ta.
Thie ba, ngodi ra theo quan dilm eua ehung tdi mgt loat ede khdi niem ea ban khde thu^c chl dinh tgi phgm cd y nghia thuc tien rdt quan trgng doi vdi hoat ddng dp dyng phap ludt hmh sy eua ede co quan bao ve phdp lugt vd Tda an md trong Dy thao thdng 7/2015 edn thieu, thi cung can thiit phdi nhgn duge sy gidi thich cua nhd ldm ludt (ghi nhgn) trong Phdn chung PLHS nudc ta nhu: 1) "ldi trong viec thuc hipn tpi phgm", 2) "ngu&i co loi trong vipc thi^ hien vd tpi phgm", 3) "tpi phgm hodn thdnh", 4)
"tpi phgm chua hodn thdnh" va 5) "hdnh vi thdi qud ciia ngu&i thuc hdnh" Id gi(?).
Theo quan diem ciia Td bien tap Dy thao BLHS Id phdp nhdn ehi phdi ehiu TNHS dli vdi mgt so logi tgi pham duge liet ke tgi Dilu 76 D{c thdo tiiang 7/2015 (tiie la chi cd khoang 31 ehii thi tdi pham (CTTP) vd chi ddi vdi mgt sd khdch thi tryc tilp dugc PLHS bao vg, chir khdng phdi chiu TNHS ddi vdi tat cd cdc CTTP nhu ed nhan phgm tgi) nhung rit tile !a ti-ong khai niem tgi phgm tgi Dilu 8 Di^ thdo tiiang 7/2015 da khdng phdn bigt md ehi cd mdt khoan chung vl khdi nigm tgi pham do ed nhan fliyc hign, ciing nhu do phdp nhdn thyc hien. Ky thugt lap phdp nhu vdy, ro rdng Id chua bao ddm duge 05 tieu ehi duprc thiea nhgn chung cua mgt vdn bdn lap phap tdt ti-ong cdc Nhd nudc phdp quyln (NNPQ) dich thuc (tiic la phdi: 1) ehinh xdc vl mat khoa hpe, 2) 16 gic vl max phdp ly, 3) ehgt chevh mgt ky thugt Igp phdp. khd thi vl mgt thiec tien vd. 4) dan gidn, de hieu vl mat ngon ngir). Chinh vi vgy, Dilu 8 "Khdi nipm tpi phgm" edn phdi ed 2 khoan rieng
T^pchi
Zo I KIEM SAT_ /So21{lhang1W015)
HGHieN COU • TI1A0D6I
biet, tlie la ngodi khdi niem tdi pham do cdc phdp nhan thyc hien cung cdn phdi bd sung tfaem mgt khodn 2 de cap rieng den khdi niem tpi phgm dophdp nhdn thuc hien (ehii khdng the ddnh ddng nd vdi khdi niem tgi phgm do cd nhdn thuc hien doi v&i tdt cdc khdch the true tiep dugc PLHS bdo ve nhu:
An ninh qudc gia, tinh mgng, siic khde, danh dy nhan phdm, hogt ddng tu phdp,...).
H . V^n de tiep tyc hodn thien che dinh t$i p h a m trong Phlin chung Dft thdo BQ lugt Hinh s y nhdm tang c u ^ g hom n u a viSc bdo v^ cac q u y l n con ngirdi 1. Tu eac suy ngdm tren day, ehimg tdi ed gang tap trung vdo viee xdy dyng md hmh ly ludn (MHLL) eiia cdc kien gidi lap phdp cu the (tuong ling vdi cdc dilu, khodn) nham gdp phan khic phyc cdc nhugc diem co ban va hodn thien hon niia Chuong ve tdi phgm trong Phan chung Du thdo Xhang 7/2015.
2. Nhu chiing ia da biet, ciing vdi 4 che dinh lan vd co bdn khde trong Phdn chung ludt hinh sy (nhu dgo luat hinh su, TNHS, hinh phgt vd cdc bipn phdp tha mien), thi tpi phgm la mdt tiong che dinh quan trgng tix)ng Phan ehung BLHS nen ca quan chii tri vd nhiing ngudi true tiep sogn thdo BLHS phdi cd tdm ddi vdi Td qudc vd nhdn ddn sao cho ede quy pham cua nd phai bdo vp dufrc mpt cdch hiru hieu cdc quyen cua con ngu&i vd cua cong ddn bdng PLHS. Cd nghia Id hg cdn phdi cd trach nhiem "vat dc ra" suy nghi dim ngdy de cdc didu ludt phdi dugc xdy dyng sao eho khoa hpe vd lo gic, day du vd chdt che chir khdng nen theo kieu chung chung, qua quyt cho xong nhiem vy (nhu cdch lam cua mdt sd quan chuc
"phdng giay" tixing bd mdy cdng quyen, ngdy 8 tieng "sdng cap d di, tdi cap d v e " do
ludi bieng, khdng ehiu suy nghi nen chi sau vdi nam da phdi sua lugt md thyc tien Igp phap Yiet Nam hang chye nam qua da chiing minh cho chiing ta thdy).
3. Chung tdi eho rang nOi dung cdc dieu khoan ve che dinh tdi phgm trong Phdn ehung (ndi rieng) vd tiong ea BLHS \^et Nam tuong lai (ndi chung) cdn phai bdo ddm tdt 05 tieu ehi da dmrc thiea nhgn chung ciia mdt van ban lap p h ^ tdt (nhu da neu tren), ehu khdng the qua loa, so sdi chi cd 12 Dieu ludt nhu tiong Du thdo thdng 7/2015 (da dugc dua ra Idy y kien nhdn dan).
4. Til nhung suy ngdm tren day, theo quan diem ciia chiing tdi md hinh Iy ludn cua cdc kien gidi lap phdp cu the ddi vdi cdc didu, khodn cua Chuong III "Ve tpi phgm"
tiong Phdn chung BLHS Viet Nam tuang lai can phdi dugc sogn thdo mgt cdch het sdc than trpng. ky lu&ng vd day dd trong 30 Dieu luat (bd sung them 18 Dieu mdi so vdi 12 Dieu tiong Chuong HI ZV thdo thdng 7/2015) de khdng phu Idng cua nhdn ddn.
Vd ehinh vi vgy, nen chang Chuong III can ed CO eau sao eho khoa hgc vd hgp ly theo hudng g^op cdc dieu co ciing bdn chdt phdp ly hogc cung mpt che dinh nho (thudc che dinh lan Id tpi pham) thanh cdc Muc vdi tdng sd se gdm 5 Mye nhd tuong ung vdi 30 Dieu ludt (de tgo dieu kien thudn lai vd day du eho cdc cdn bd thyc tien khi dp dung PLHS ) vdi cdc quy pham dudi ddy:
" C h u v n g III VE T O I P H ^ M
Muc...
Khai ni^m tot p h a m , chii the cua tgi p h ^ m va phdn logi tpi p h g m
D i l u 8. Khai nidm tdi p h a m
Tap chi Sai21(tWngTI/2015^KIEMSAT I 2 9
HGHI£N cDtr • TRAO D6I
Phuang dn I (Khi khong eoi phdp nhdn Id chil the ciia tgi phgm):
1. Cdch tiiu nhdt (ghi nhgn cu thi cdc khdch till loai bi xam hgi khi liet ke toan bd ede khdch the loai dugc bdo ve tgi Dieu ve nhiem vy ciia BLHS Viet Nam):
Tgi phgm Id hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xa hdi (hdnh ddng hoae khdng hanh ddng) dugc quy dinh trong Bd luat nay do ngudi cd nang lyc trdch nhiem hinh sy vd du tuoi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su thyc hien mdt edeh cd loi (cd y hoae vd y), xam phgm den nhirng ca s& cua che dp hien phdp Viet Nam, nhdn thdn^^X cdc quyen vd tu do cua con ngu&i vd cua cong ddn, cung nhu hoa binh vd an ninh cua nhdn logi trdnh khdi sy xam hai ciia tdi pham.
Cdch thii hai (ghi nhdn ngdn gpn cdc khdch the logi bi xdm hai):
Tgi pham la hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hgi (hdnh ddng hoac khdng hanh ddng) dugc quy dinh trong Bd luat nay do ngudi ed nang lyc tiach nhigm hinh su vd du tuoi chiu trdch nhiem hinh sv thyc hien mdt edeh cd loi (cd y hogc vd y), xam pham d6n cdc lad ich dupc bdo ve bdng phdp lugt hinh su<^).
2. Hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xa hpi duae quy djnh trong phdp ludt hinh sif Id hdnh vi (bdng hdnh dpng hodc khong hdnh dpng) gdy nen thiet hgi hogc tgo ra sie de dpa thifc te gdy nen thiet hgi cho cdc lai ich du(fc bdo vp bdng cdc quy dinh cua Bp ludt ndy (mdi).
(1) Ho$c CV the hoa pham tni "n/ran thdn" biing nhom kh^ch thh lojii cua no (bao ham 4 khac thS live tilp se ma dupc ghl nhjin trong PhAn rieng BLHS) la "tinh mgng.
sue khoe. danh dtf, nhan pham".
(2) Ho?c CO the thay pham trii "bdng phap ludi hinh
^(i''bing cic til "trong Bglugi no/'.
Phuong an II (Khi coi phap nhdn Id chu thi ciia tdi pham):
1. (Khi do cd nhdn thye hien thi cd thi giu nguyen tiiy theo 2 cdch ghi nhgn cua Phuong an 1 da neu tren ddy).
2. (Khi do phdp nhdn thyc hign vi Igi ich eua phdp nhan thi khodn 2 cd tiie quy dinh nhu sau, cdn khodn 2 cua Phuong dn I tren se chuyin thdnh khodn 3 cua Phuong an n ndy):
Tpi phgm con Id hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xd hpi duac ghi nhpn trong nhirng tru&ng hap eg the cua Bp ludt ndy do ngu&i dgi dien cho phdp nhdn hodc nhdn danh phdp nhdn thuc hipn vi Ip'i ich cua phdp nhdn (mdi).
3. (Giii nguyen nhu khodn 2 eiia Phuang dn I tren).
Dieu 9. Khdi nifm chu thi cua tQi pham (mdi)
Phuong an I (Khi khong coi phdp nhdn la chu the cua tdi pham):
Chd the cua tpi phgm chi co the Id cd nhdn ngu&i ndo co ndmg l^c TNHS, dd tpi chiu TNHS vd da co loi (co y hogc vo y) thuc hipn hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xd hpi quy dinh trong Bp lugt ndy.
Phuang dn II (Khi coi phdp nhdn ciing la chu the cua tdi phgm):
Chu the ciia tpi phgm la:
1. Cd nhdn ngu&i ndo (tilp theo nhu Phuang dn I da dugc ghi nhgn tren day).
2. Chu the cua tpi phgm con Id phdp nhdn ndo da co loi de cho ngu&i dgi dien cua minh hogc nhdn danh minh thifc hien tpi phgm duac quy dinh tgi Dieu 76 Bp ludt ndy Ipri ich cua phdp nhdn do (mdi).
Dieu 10. Phan logi t$i phgm 1. Cdn cu vdo tinh chdt, mirc dp nguy hiem cho xd hpi vd hinh thuc ldi cua chu
Tap chi
3 0 I KIEM SAT_ /SoZ1(thang1ly2(n5]
NGHlfiH CIJV • TRAO D 6 I
thei^f khi thifc hipn hdnh vi, cdc tpi phgm trong Bp ludt ndy duac phdn thdnh bdn logi tuang ung tgi cdc khodn 2-5 Dieu lugt ndy (mdi).
2. Tdi pham it nghiem trgng Id tdi gdy nguy hiem khdng Idn eho xa hdi vd bao gom tpi CO y md hinh phgt do Bp ludt ndy quy dinh Id tii khong qud 5 ndm hodc hinh phgt khac nh? han. cUng nhu tpi vo y md hinh phgt do Bp lugt ndy quy dinh Id tii khong qud 7 ndm hogc hinh phgt khde nhe han.
3. Tgi phgm nghiem trgng la tdi gdy nguy hiem Idn cho xa hdi va bao gom tpi CO y md hinh phgt do Bp lugt ndy quy dinh Id td tren 5 ndm den 10 ndm. cdng nhu tpi vo y md hinh phgt do Bp lugt ndy quy dinh la td tren 7 ndm den 15 ndm.
4. Tgi phgm rat nghidm trgng Id tdi gdy nguy hidm rat Idn cho xa hdi vd chi bao gom tpi CO y md hinh phgt do Bp ludt ndy quy dinh la tii tren 10 ndm den 15 ndm.
5. Tdi phgm dgc bigt nghiem trgng la tgi gdy nguy hiem dgc biet Idn cho xa hdi vd chi bao gom tpi c6 y md hinh phgt do Bp lugt ndy quy dinh la tu tren 15 ndm hogc hinh phgt khde nang han.
Mgc...
Da t$i pham (mdi) Dieu U. Phgm t$i nhilu lan (mdi) 1. Phgm tpi nhiiu Idn Id thuc hien tpi phgm tie hai Idn tr& len md cdc tpi dy duac quy dinh tgi ciing mpt dieu hogc cUng mpt khodn cda dieu trong Bp ludt ndy...
(3) Thuat ngii "chu ihe" it day noi rieng (ciing nhu trong tat ca bai viet nay n6i chung) c6 thS du<;<c mac dinh h i ^ ci trong 2 tmdng h?p: coi (hoac khong coi) ph&p nhan la chu the cua tpi p h ^ deu dupc.
2. Doi vai nhimg tru&ng hpp thyec Men tpi phgm tie hai lan tra len md nhiing tpi dy duac quy dinh tgi cdc dieu khde nhau cua Bp lugt ndy, thi chi khi ndo do cdc dieu tuang img trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy quy dinh rieng m&i phdi bi coi hodc co the bi coi Id pham tpi nhieu lan.
3. Doi v&i tpi duac thuc hien tru&c day md ngu&i phgm tpi dd duprc mien trdch nhiem hinh su, mien hinh phgt, mien chdp hdnh hinh phgt, xoa dn tich hogc da chdp hdnh xong hinh phgt theo cdc quy dinh cua BP lugt ndy, thi khong duac tinh de xdc dinh Id phgm tpi nhieu lan.
Dieu 12. Pham nhieu t$i (mdi) 1. Phgm nhieu tpi la khi tpi phgm duac thirc hien thupc mpt trong ba tru&ng hap sau day vd ngu&i phgm tpi chua bi xet xie ve tpi ndo trong so nhimg tpi da phgm:
a) Phgm tir hai tpi tr& len md nhung tpi dy dupe quy dinh tgi cdc dieu khde nhau cua Bp lugt ndy;
b) Phgm tie hai tpi tr& len md doi tuang cua nhirng tpi dy khac nhau vd duac quy dinh tgi cdc khodn khde nhau trong ding mpt dieu cua Bp lugt ndy;
c) Trong cung mpt hdnh vi co cdc ddu hipu cua tir hai tpi tr& len md nhirng tpi dy duac quy dinh tgi cdc dieu khde nhau cua Bp ludt ndy.
2. Viec quyet dinh hinh phgt doi v&i ngu&i phgm nhieu tpi phdi tudn thu theo cdc quy dinh chung tgi cdc dieu tuang img vd quy dinh rieng tgi dieu... Bp lugt ndy (tire Dieu 50 BLHS ndm 1999).
Dieu 13. Pham tdi co tinh ch4t chuydn nghiep (mdi)
Phgm tpi co tinh chdt chuyen nghiep Id phgm tpi tir hai Idn tr& len, co tinh chdt lien tue vd nhdm muc dich vu lai hay ldm gidu
So21(thang11/2015)\
Tap chi
_KIEM SAT I 31
N G H I £ N CliV • TRAO D &
bdt chinh md hogt dpng phgm tpi dd tr&
thdnh hp thong vd tgo nen nguon thu nhap ca bdn hodc ngudn song chd yeu ciia ngu&i phgm tpi
Dieu 14. Tai pham
1. Tdi phgm Id pham tdi do co y trong khi chua dugc xda dn tich ve tdi do cd y da phgm ttiidc ddy.
2. Tdi phgm nguy hilm Id:
a) Phgm tdi do cd y ma bi xu phgt tii trong khi da tdi pham va chua duge xda an tii ve tgi do ed y.
b) Phgm tdi nghiem trgng do cd y tiong khi ehua duge xda dn tii ve tgi nghiem tigng do cd y da phgm trudc ddy.
3. Phuong an I (Tren co sd phan logi tgi phgm theo / V thdo BLHS thdng 7/2015):
Tdi phgm dgc biet nguy hiem la:
a) Phgm tPi do coy md bfxuphgt tik trong khi da tdi phgm nguy hiem vd chua dupe xoa dn tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do cd y.
b) Phgm tpi nghiem trpng do cd y trong khi da tdi phgm vd chua duprc xda dn tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do co y hogc tpi rdt nghiem trpng do co y.
c) Phgm tpi rdt nghiem trpng do eo y trong khi chua duac xoa dn tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do co y hodc tpi rdt nghiem trpng do CO y da phgm tru&c day.
d) Phgm tpi ddc biet nghiem trpng do c6 y trong khi chua duac xoa dn tich ve tpi rdt nghiem trpng do cd y hodc tpi dgc biet nghiem trpng do co y da phgm tru&c day.
Phuang dn II (Tren co sd phdn loai tgi pham nhu trong md hinh ly lugn ciia bdi viet ndy);
Tdi phgm ddc biet nguy hiem Id (mdi);
a) (Nhu Phuang dn I tren day).
b) Phgm tpi nghiem trpng do cd y trong khi dd tdi phgm vd chua duprc xoa dn tich
ve tpi nghiem trpng do co y hodc tpi rdt nghiem trpng.
c) Phgm tpi dgc bipt nghiem trpng do cd y trong khi chua duac xoa dn ve tpi rdt nghiem trpng hogc tpi dgc bipt nghiem trpng da phgm tru&c ddy.
Muc...
L5i (mdi)
Dilu 15. Loi trong vi£c thyc hi^n t$i pham; ngu^ c6 loi trong vi^c thyc hifn tgi pham (mdi)
1. Loi trong vipc thuc hien tpi phgm Id trgng thdi tdm ly cua chu the dupc biiu hipn du&i hinh thuc coy hogc voy doi v&i hdnh vi trdi phdp lugt hinh s^e do minh thuc hien vd doi v&i hdu qud do hdnh vi do gdy nen.
2. Ngu&i CO loi trong viec thuc hien tpi phgm Id ngu&i da cd y hogc vo y thuc hi^n (bang hdnh dpng hogc khong hdnh dpng) tpi phgm dupe quy dfnh trong Bp ludt ndy.
Dieu 16. Phgm tgi do co y
1. Phgm tpi do co y Id phgm tpi trong tru&ng hpp chd the thyec hipn (bdng hdnh dpng hogc khong hdnh dpng) tpi phgm dupe quy dinh trong Bp ludt ndy v&i su co y tnfc tiep hodc co y gidn tiep (mdi).
2. Phgm tpi do co y true tiep Id phgm tpi trong tru&ng hpp chu the nhdn thiic rd tinh chdt trdi phdp lugt hinh sy ciia hdnh vi ma minh thyc hign (bang hanh dgng hogc khdng hdnh dgng), thdy trudc khd nang gdy nen hogc tinh tdt yiu gdy nen hdu qua eiia hdnh vi do vd mong mudn cho h|lu qud xay ra.
3. Phgm tpi do coy gidn tiep Id phgm tpi trong tru&ng hap chd the nhdn thdc ro tinh ehdt tiai phap lugt hinh sy cua hdnh vi ma minh thyc hien (bing hdnh ddng hogc
Tap chi
3 2 I KIEM SAT_ /So21(lhang11/2(n5)
HGHltH COV - TRAO D^I
khdng hanh ddng), thdy trudc kha nang gay nen hgu qud cua hdnh vi do vd tuy khdng mong mudn nhung ed y thiic dl mac cho hgu qud xay ra hoac ed thdi do thd a ddi vdi hau qua.
Dilu 17. Pham to! do v6 y 1. Chi trong truang hpp co diiu tirong irng tgi Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp ludt ndy quy dinh rieng thi hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xd hpi md chu the thyec hien (bdng hdnh dpng hogc khong hdnh dpng) do sye vo y m&i bi coi la tpi phgm (mdi).
2. Phgm tpi do vo y la phgm tpi trong tru&ng hpp hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt hinh sye dupc thyec hien (bdng hdnh dpng hodc khong hdnh dpng) vi sie chu quan hodc vi SIT cdu thd cua chu the (mdi).
3. Phgm tpi do vo y vi chu quan Id phgm tpi trong tru&ng hpp chii the thdy tru&c khd ndng gdy nen hgu qud cua hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt hinh su do minh thuc hien (bdng hdnh dpng hogc khong hdnh dpng) nhimg thieu cac cdn cu md tu tin vdo viec ngdn ngira duprc hgu qud do.
4. Phgm tpi do vo y vi cdu thd Id phgm tpi trong truang hap chu the khong thdy tru&c khd ndng gdy nen hgu qud ciia hdnh vi trdi phdp lupt hinh sye do minh thuc hien (bdng hdnh dpng hogc khong hdnh dpng) mgc dii vai su chu y cdn thiet phdi thdy tru&c vd CO the thdy tru&c hgu qud do.
Dilu 18. Pham tgi vdi hai hinh thuc loi (mdi)
1. Phgm tpi v&i hai hinh thuc loi Id phgm tpi trong tru&ng hap chu the co loi CO y ddi v&i viec thuc hien hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt hinh sic vd loi vo y doi v&i hdu qud nghiem trpng xdy ra. Vi ca bdn, phgm tpi v&i hai hinh thdc loi cdng Id phgm tpi do co y.
2. Neu do hdnh viphgm tpi co y md hdu qud nghiem trpng xdy ra vd vi vgy, dieu tuang dng trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy quy dfnh hinh phgt tdng ndng, thi vdn de trdch nhiem hinh su cua chu the duprc gidi quyet nhu sau:
a) Neu loi cua chu the doi v&i hgu qud nghiem trpng xdy ra cung la co y, thi chu the phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su tren nhirng ca sa chung;
b) Neu loi cua chu the doi v&i hgu qud nghiem trpng xdy ra la vo y, thi chu the phdi chiu hinh phgt tdng ndng dy.
Muc...
Cac giai doan thyc hien tdi phgm (mdi) Dieu 19. T$i pham hoan thdnh (mdi) 1. Tpi phgm duprc coi Id hodn thdnh khi trong hdnh vi do ngu&i phgm tpi thyec hien co tdt cd cdc ddu hieu cda cdu thdnh ipi phgm cu the duprc quy djnh tgi dieu tuang dng trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp ludt ndy.
2. Neu khong co cdn cu de dp dung quy phgm ndo do trong Phdn chung Bp lugt ndy, thi trdch nhiim hinh sye doi v&i tpi phgm hodn thdnh duac xdc dinh theo dieu cu the tuong ung trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy.
{K»i20. Tgi pham chira hoan thdnh (mdi) 1. Tpi phgm chua hodn thdnh la hdnh vi chudn bi phgm tpi vdphgm tpi chua dgt.
2. Trdch nhiem hinh su doi v&i tpi phgm chua hodn thdnh do hdnh vi chudn biphgm tpi rdt nghiem trpng hogc tpi dgc bipt nghiem trpng duprc xdc dinh theo dieu tuang ung ve tpi phgm hodn thdnh trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy, dong th&i vien dan Dieu 21 vd Dieu... Bp lugt ndy (tiie Id Dilu 52 BLHS nam 1999).
So21(thang1V2ai5)\
Tgp chi _KIEM SAT I 3 3
HGmtN CUtJ • TRAO D 6 I
3. Trdch nhiem hinh su doi v&i tpi phgm chua hodn thdnh do hdnh viphgm tpi chua dgt duac xdc djnh theo dieu tuang ung ve tpi phgm hodn thdnh trong Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp ludt ndy, dong th&i vipn ddn Dieu 22 vd Dieu... Bp lugt ndy (tiie la Dieu 52 BLHS nam 1999).
Dieu 2 1 . C h u a n bi p h a m tgi 1. Chudn bi pham tdi Id hdnh vi tim kiem hogc sua soan cdng cy hay phuang tien thyc hi?n tdi pham, cung nhu tim kiem nhung ngu&i dong phgm, cdu kit v&i nhau hogc cd y tgo ra nhirng dieu kien can thiit khde de thyc hien tgi phgm, nhung da khdng thyc hien duge den eiing vi nhiing nguyen nhdn ngoai y mudn eiia ngudi phgm tgi.
2. (Giir nguyen nhu quy dinh tgi doan 2 Dilu 17 BLHS nam 1999).
Dilu 22. Pham toi chua dat 1. Phgm tOi chua dat Id hdnh vi cd y de thuc hien tgi phgm nhung tgi phgm da khdng dugc thyc hien den cung vi nhimg nguyen nhdn ngodi y mudn cua ngudi pham tgi.
2. (Giir nguyen theo quy dinh tai dogn 2 Dilu 18 BLHS nam 1999)
Dilu 23. T y y c h l m dirt t$i pham 1. Ty y chdm diit tgi phgm la tru&ng hpp md trong do mac dit ngu&i phgm tpi co ddy du dieu kien khdch quan thuc hien duac tpi phgm den ding nhimg da tu minh dinh chi hdnh vi chudn bj phgm tpi hodc hdnh vi cd y de thuc hien tpi phgm, tuy khdng ed gi ngan can.
2. Ngudi ti; y nua chimg chdm diit tdi pham khong phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su ddi vdi tdi dinh pham.
3. Ngudi ty y nua ehiing ehim diit tgi phgm phdi ehiu trdch nhiem hinh sy n l u
hdnh vi thyc te do ngudi dd thyc hien cd t i t ed cae ddu higu eiia mgt cau thanh t$i phgm khac.
4. Ngu&i to chuc vd ngu&i xui giuc khong phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh sie neu bdng cdc bipn phdp md hp dp dung da ngdn chdn duprc viec thuc hipn tpi phgm den ding cua ngu&i thuc hdnh (mdi).
5. Neu nhimg hdnh vi cua ngu&i to chuc hodc ngu&i xui giuc dieprc quy dinh tgi khodn 4 eua Dieu ndy da khong ngdn chgn duac vipc thyec tpi phgm den eung cua ngu&i thyec hdnh, thi cdc bien phdp md hp dd dp dgng co the duprc coi Id tinh tiet de mien trdch nhiem hinh su hogc gidm nhe hinh phgt (mdi).
6. Nguai giup sue khdng phdi chju trdch nhiem hinh sye neu da tich ciec dp dung tdt cd cdc bien phdp phg thupc vdo minh de ngdn chdn viec thyec hien tpi phgm (mdi).
Muc.
Dong p h a m (mdi) Dilu 24. Khai niSm dong p h a m Ddng pham la hinh tiiuc pham tdi do cd y dugc Ihyc hign vdi su cdy ding tham gia vdo viec thye hien tdi phgm cua tu hai ngudi trd len.
Dieu 25. Cdc hmh thire d6ng phgm (mdi) 1. Cdn cu vdo tinh chdt vd muc dp cdy cung tham gia vdo viec thuc hipn tpi phgm do CO y cua nhirng ngu&i phgm tpi, ddng phgm duac phdn thdnh ba hinh thiec: Dong phgm dan gidn; ddng phgm phirc tgp vd
dong phgm dgc biet
2. Dong phgm dan gidn la hinh thirc phgm tpi khong co thong muu truac vd co sye cdu ket khong chat che cua nhirng ngu&i cung thuc hipn tpi phgm.
Tap chi
3 4 I KIEM SAT_ - So21(thang11/201S)
MGHIEH CUtT - TRAO Ddl
3. Dong phgm phuc tgp Id hinh thuc phgm tpi co thong muu truac vd co sie cdu
ket tirong doi chat che cua nhOng ngu&i ding tham gia vdo vipc thifc hipn tpi phgm.
4. Dong phgm dgc biet Id hinh thiec phgm tpi CO to chuc vd co su cdu kit chdt che cua nhirng ngu&i cung tham gia vdo viec thyec hien tpi phgm hodc cua nhirng thdnh vien thupc mpt to chuc tpi phgm.
Dieu 26. To chvc toi pham (mdi) 1. To chuc tpi phgm Id mpt nhom ngu&i cd to chuc hodc Id mpt liin minh (hpp nhdt) cua cdc nhom ngu&i co to chdc do, duprc thdnh lap dua trin su nhdt tri vd cdu kit chat che v&i nhau nhdm muc dich thuc hiin tpi phgm rdt nghiem trpng hay tpi phgm ddc biet nghiem trpng.
2. Ngu&i thdnh lap hay lanh dgo to chuc tpi phgm phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su ve vipc thdnh lap hay lanh dgo to chuc tpi phgm trong nhimg tru&ng hcrp do cdc dieu tuong ung tgi Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy quy dinh.
3. Ngu&i thdnh lap hay lanh dgo to chuc tpi phgm khong phdi chiu trdch nhipm hinh su ve cdc tpi phgm do to chuc do thyec hipn md khong co su ciing co y tham gia cua minh.
4. Nhirng thdnh vien khde tham gia to chuc tpi phgm phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh 5V trong nhung tru&ng hpp do cdc dieu tucmg ung tgi Phdn cdc tpi phgm Bp lugt ndy quy dinh.
Dilu 27. Cac Ioai ngirdi dong pham 1. (Giii nguyen nhu quy phgm tgi doan 1 khodn 2 Dilu 20 BLHS nam 1999).
2, Ngudi thyc hdnh la ngudi tryc tiep thyc hign tgi phgm, true tiip tham gia vdo vipc thyec hipn tpi phgm cung vai nhirng
ngu&i khde hodc thuc hien tpi phgm bdng thu dogn su dung nhdng ngu&i md theo cdc quy dinh cua Bp ludt ndy khong phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su.
3. Ngudi td chuc la ngudi ehu muu, cam dau hay chi huy viec thyc hien tgi pham, hoac thdnh lap hay lanh dao td chuc tdi pham.
4. Ngudi xui giyc Id ngudi kich ddng, dy dd, mua chudc, de dga hogc bang cdc thii dogn khde thiic ddy ngudi khde thyc hien tdi phgm.
5. Ngudi giiip sue Id ngudi tgo dieu kien eho viec thyc hien tdi phgm bang edeh eung cip cdc thdng tin, phuong tien hay edng cy thuc hien tdi phgm, hoac hda hen trudc ve viec ehe gidu ngudi pham tdi hay cdc dau vet eiia tdi pham hoac nhiing tdi sdn hay dd vat do phgm tdi ma cd, eung nhu hda hen trudc ve viec mua, bdn hoae tieu thu nhiing tai san hay do vdt do.
Bieu 28. Hanh vi thai qua cua ngirdi thyc hanh (mdi)
1. Hdnh vi thdi qud cua ngu&i thuc hdnh Id viec tie thyec hien tpi phgm cda bdn thdn ngu&i do md khong co s{e co y tham gia cua nhirng ngu&i dong phgm khde.
2. Nhirng ngu&i dong phgm khde fchong phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh su vi hdnh vi thdi qud cua ngu&i thyec hdnh.
Dieu 29. Che dau toi pham (Cd the giii nguyen nhu 2 khodn tai Dilu 18 Du thdo BLHS tiiang 7/2015)
Dieu 30. Khong to giac toi pham (Cd thi giir nguyen nhu 3 khodn tgi Dilu ISDu thdo BLHS tiidng 7/2015).*
Sd21(thwg11/2(n5)\
Tap chi _KIEM SAT I 3 5