* * " III III I I
QUYlNiniTllN THANH TOAN
CUA BEN NHAN THE CHAP QUYEN D6\ NO
^ ThS. Biii Ddc Ciang •
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h i eh^p q u y l n ddi np Id mdt logi hlnh giao djch bdo ddm ngdy cdng dUpc sddpng rdng rdi trong khudn khd cdc hpp d i n g tfn dyng. Giao djch bdo ddm ndy trao cho ben nhdn t h i chd'p q u y l n Uu tidn thanh todn d i i vdi q u y l n ddi np dupe t h i chd'p. Thpc vdy, Oicu 355 eua Bp lugt Ddn sp v l xd ly tdi s i n t h i c h i p ndi chung d i n Idi vide dp dyng D i l u 336 ve xd I'? tai sdn cdm cd' eua bO luat nay. Theo dd, khi xd ly lai san t h i e h d ' p , ben nhdn ihe chap dupe Uu tien thanh loan td sd t i l n ban tai s i n the chap. Cho du khi ap dyng vao the chd'p quyen ddi nd, quy dinh nay cdn bpc Id hgn c h l d chd, thdng thudng ben nhan the chap se nhdn thanh toan quyen ddi np chd khdng phai ban q u y l n ddi np nay, sau dd ben nhan the chd'p mdi dupe lAi tien thanh loan. Tuy vay, t m h t h i n chung cua Bp luat Ddn sU la ben nhgn the chap quyen ddi nd ed quyen Uu tien thanh loan ddi vdi tai san bao dam la quyen ddi nd. Mot vd'n de ddi ra la do quyen cua ben nhgn the chap quyen ddi np chi la quyen UU tien thanh loan c h d khdng phai la quyen ddc quyen (exclusive right) trong viec nhan thanh toan quyen ddi np, cho nen ve ly thuyet, c6 the cd c i c xung dot v l Idi ich gida ben nhan the chap'Cong ty Lual Audier and Partners Vietnam LLC
quyln ddi np vd (.'» chu np khde eua bin thi chip.
1. Xung 1191191 Ich Vfli bAn nh$n chuytfn fliao quytfn dAI 119
Khodn 4 , D i l u 2 2 , Nghj d j n h 163 quy d j n h v l t h d tp UU tidn gida bdn nhdn c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np vd bdn nhdn i h l chd'p q u y l n ddi np, theo d d
"trong tnJdng h0p quySn ddi n0 dupc chuyin giao theo quy dinh t$i Didu 309 Bd tuit Din sU thi thdtUUU tidn ihanh loin gida bdn nhin chuySn giao quySn ddi nU vi bdn nhin thd'chi'p quySn ddi n0 dU0c xM djnh theo thdi diSm ding ky cac giao djch dd t^i cu quan ding ky giao dich bio dim cd tham quyin". NhU vdy, nhd lam lugt trao q u y l n dUpe UU tidn thanh todn cho ben ndo ddng ky trUde giao djch da dUpc xac Igp ddi vdi q u y l n ddi np. Tuy n h i e n , quy djnh ndy dUdng nhU Igi mdu ihuan vdi quy d j n h cda Bp ludt Dan sU-
Mpt mdt nd gidn iicp thda nhgn q u y l n cua bdn i l u ' chd'p dupe chuyen giao q u y l n ddi np sau khi dd xdc Idp giao d|eh the chap dd'i vdi q u y l n ddi np ndy, tdc la i r i i vdl t m h than cua BO lugt Ddn sp mac dd Nghj d j n h 163 c h i Id vdn ban hudng dan ihi hanh cdc quy d m h cua Bd lugt Dan sp v l giao dich bao ddm. Thpc vgy, theo quy d|nh lai khoan 3 vd khoan 4 , D i l u 349 cua Bp ludt Dan sp, ben the chap c h j cd mpt q u y l n d m h doat cd dieu k i | n ddi vdi tai san
t h i chd^p bdi vl ngogi trd tnidng hop tdi sdn t h i c h f f p Id hdng hda ludn c h u y i n trong qud trinh sdn xud't kinh doanh, bdn t h i chdp c h l dupc b d n , trao d i i , tdng cho tdi sdn t h i c h ^ p n l u dUpc ben nhdn t h i chd'p d i n g f . D i l u do c6 nghia Id, v l nguyen tdc, sau khi t h i c h ^ p q u y l n ddi np, ben i h l chdp khdng dUpc tp y chuyin giao q u y l n ddi np cho bdt cd bdn t h d ba ndo khi chUa diipc bdn nhdn t h i chd'p d i n g y, vd td't nhien, chdng c6 ben nhdn t h i chdp ndo Igi cho phep bdn t h i chdp c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np Idm md'l d i i tUpng eua hpp ding t h i eh^p dd dUpe \ac Idp. Hpp d i n g mua bdn q u y l n ddi np xac lap sau khi q u y l n ddi np dupe t h i chdp se duong nhidn vd hidu do vi phgm dieu cd'm cua phdp lugt ( D i l u 128, Bp lugt Dan sp).
Cung n h u chuyen giao quyen ddi np, bao thanh todn la mpt cdch thdc cho phep huy dpng trUdc gid lr| cua q u y l n ddi np, Khodn 6, D i l u 19, Q u y i t djnh U)^Hi'J004 Q D - N H N N ciJa Ngan hang Nha nUdc ngay 6 thang 9 ndm 2004 ban hdnh quy che hogt dpng bao thanh toan cua cdc t l chdc t i n dung dUpc bo sung, sda doi ndm 2008 va nam 2011 quy d|nh rd rang la khdng dupc thpc hi§n bao thanh todn dii vdi eac khodn phai thu da dUpc the' cha'p. Cd t h i tha'y nguyen tae dinh doat cd dieu k i l n lai san the' chap vd quy d i n h cam thdc
HBBB©
hien bao thanh todn cdc khodn phdi thu da dupc t h i c h i p d i u hudng tdi mpc dfch chung Id bdo ve q u y l n ciia bdn nhdn t h i c h i p q u y l n ddi np.
Cd the Idp ludn rdng nhd Idm lugt ddnh khodn 4, D i l u 22, Nghj djnh 163 d l gidi q u y i t xung dpt Ipi fch gida bdn nhdn t h i c h i p q u y l n ddi np vdi bdn t h d ba da nhdn c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np tnidc thdi d i l m xde Idp giao djch t h i c h i p dd'i vdi chinh q u y l n ddi np da dUpc c h u y i n giao. Tuy the, khdng cd cd sd phdp ly ndo khde tgi Nghi d j n h 163 neu trdn cho phep khdng djnh cdch h i l u ndy. Hon nda, theo quy d j n h Igi khodn 2, D i l u 309, BO ludt Ddn SU, he qud cua v i l e c h u y i n giao quyen ddi np la ben nhdn c h u y i n giao quyen ddi np trd thdnh ben cd quyen ddi np, hay ndi cdch khde trd thanh chu sd hdu mdi eua quyen ddi np dUpc chuyen giao.
Dieu 320 vd khoan 1, Dieu 342 ddt ra nguyen t i c la tai s i n the' chap phai thudc sd hdu ciJa ben t h i chap, tdc Id sau khi chuyen giao q u y l n ddi np, ben cd q u y l n ban dau khdng dupe xac lap giao djch t h i e h d ' p q u y l n ddi np nda.
Mat khac, td Dieu 309 d i n Dieu 314 cua Bd lugt Dan sU ve chuyen giao q u y l n yeu c l u ^ khdng ddt ra ydu cau phai thuc hien thu luc dang ky giao djch chuyen giao quyen ddi np d l giao djch nay cd hieu lUc gida cdc ben hay cd gia tri phap ly ddi vdi cae ben thd ba.
Cho du theo quy djnh tai diem 4, khoan 2, D i l u 2, Thdng tU sd 05/2011/TT-BTP ngay 16/02/2011 eua Bd Tu phap hudng ddn mpt sd' va'n d l ve ddng kf, eung cd'p thdng tin v l giao dich bao d a m , hdp ddng.
thdng bdo viec kd bidn tdi sdn thi hdnh dn theo phUdng thdc trpc t i l p , buu d i l n , fax, thu dien td tgi Trung tdm Ddng ky giao djch, tdi sdn cda Cpc Ddng ky q u I c gia giao djch bdo ddm thudc Bp TU phdp, th) hpp d i n g c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np cd t h i dupc ddng k'^
tgi Trung t i m Ddng ky giao djch, tdi sdn, thi quy djnh tgi khodn 4, D i l u 22 ndu trdn dUdng nhU "ep"
ben nhdn c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np phdi thUc h i l n ddng k'/ giao djch c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np n l u khdng se khdng dUpc bdn ed nghfa vp trd np thanh todn du v i l e c h u y i n giao q u y l n ddi np dupe xdc Idp trUdc thdi d i l m I h l c h i p quyen ddi np. Ddy Id mOt thu tpc hanh chfnh rudm rd, khdng thUe sU tao dieu kien cho vipe thpc hipn cac giao dich thUdng mai va ddc biet di ngupe Igi vdi quy d j n h chung ciJa Bd ludt Ddn sU ve chuyen giao quyen yeu cau.
2. Xung m loi fch vAi b£n c6 quy^n trong giao dich thuc hien nghia vu ddn sir thong qua ngiTdl thiKba
Theo quy djnh tgi Dieu 293, Bd lual Dan sU, khi dUpe ben cd q u y l n ddng y, ben cd nghfa vu cd the uy quyen cho ngUdi thd ba thay minh thuc hidn nghTa vu.
M d hinh nay cd the ap dpng trong ITnh vUc cho vay ba't dpng san.
C h I n g hgn, khi ky hpp ddng vay vd'n de mua mpt cdng trinh xay dUng sd dung vao muc dfch cho thue, ben di vay (chu sd hUu cua cdng t r i n h xay dpng nay) cd the dam bao vipe hoan tra khoan vay cho ngan hang b i n g each uy quyen cho ngUdi thue cdng t r i n h xay dpng thay m i n h tra np bdng tien thue (rental receivables). Du Bd lual Dan sp
khdng quy d j n h rd nhUng giao d j c h ndy trong thpc t l phdi dil0c bdn thud cdng t r i n h xdy dpng c h ^ p nhdn, bdi vl nd kdo theo viee ben thud trd thdnh bdn ed nghia vp d i i vdi ngdn h d n g ^
N l u giao djch thpc hien nghTa vy thdng qua ben thd ba dUpc xac Idp sau thdi d i l m giao k i t , ddng k'^ giao djch t h i chcfp q u y l n ddi np vd hodn td't v i l e thdng bdo cho bdn cd nghfa vp ird np, thi h i l n nhidn bdn cd q u y l n trong giao djch thpc hien nghia vp thdng qua bdn i h d ba ddn t h u i n chi la mdt chu np khdng cd bdo d i m irong khi ben nhdn the c h i p quyen ddi np la ehu np ed bdo ddm dd'i vdi tdi san Id q u y l n ddi np dd. Vi t h i , quyen cua ben nhdn the'chd'p quyen ddi np dUpe dat len tren quyen cua bdn cd q u y l n trong giao djch thUc hien nghia vu thdng qua ben thd ba.
3. Xung dflt loi fch vAi cac chu nd thuc hien viec kA bien
Phap luat hien nay cdn ehUa quy djnh each thde t i l n hanh ke bien tai san la q u y l n ddi nd. ThUe vgy, cho du khoan 5, Dieu 7 1 , Luat Thi hanh an dan sUquy dmh ed the thUc hien bien phap cUdng che thi hanh an la budc chuyen giao quyen tai san, van ban luat nay cung ehi de cap phuong thde ke bien quyen sd huU tri tud (Dieu 84 den Dieu 86), ke bien quyen sd dung dai ( D i l u 89 va cac Dieu id 110 den Dieu 113), ke bien phan vd'n gdp ( D i l u 92) va ke bien (khau trd) tien trong tai khoan (Dieu 76). Dieu do co nghia la, vdn thieu ed che phap ly cho viec thUe hien ke bien ddi vdi quyen ddi nd trd trUdng hop ke bien so' dU tai khoan ngan hang.
Day v i n cdn la mot khoang trdng
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TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 17 | THANG 9/2012 E leBBBIEB
phdp ludt c5n dupc khde phpc.
Theo quy d j n h tgi khodn 4, D i l u 4 , Nghj djnh 163, trong trUdng hpp giao djch bdo ddm dupe giao k i t hpp phdp vd cd gid trj phdp ly vdi ngUdi thd ba thi Tda dn, co quan Nhd nUdc c6 thSm q u y l n khde khdng dUpc ke bidn tdi sdn bdo ddm d l thpc hi^n nghTa vp khde cda b i n bdo ddm, trd trudng hup phip luit cd quy dinh khic. N h u vdy, v l nguydn t i c sau khi ky k i t , bdn nhdn the chjfp ndn thpc hien ngay viec ddng k^f giao djch t h i c h i p q u y l n ddi np tgi Trung tdm Ddng ky giao djch, tdi sdn d l ngdn chdn mpi y djnh kd ludn tdi sdn Id q u y l n ddi np dupe t h i c h i p . Phdp ludt v l thi hdnh an ddt ra mdt ngogi le lien quan d i n viee ke bien tai sdn da t h i chd'p. Dd Id, cd the thpc hidn viec ke bidn trong trudng hpp ben the cha'p la ngUdi phai thi hanh dn khdng cdn tai san nao khac ngoai tai san the chap hay ed tai s i n nhUng khdng du de thi hanh an, va gia tri eua lai san the chd'p Idn hdn gia tn cua nghfa vu dupe bao dam va chi phf cUdng che thi hanh an. Tuy vay, trong trUdng hpp nay khi xd ly tai san ke bien, ngUdi nhgn the cha'p dupc L/u tidn thanh toan t o i n sau khi trd cac chi phi v l thi hanh an (khoan 3, Dieu 47 va Dieu 90, Luat Thi hanh dan sp). Ndi each khac, Irong moi trUdng hpp q u y l n Idi cua ben nhan the cha'p tai san v i n dUpc dai len trUdc q u y l n Idi cija chij np ke bien.
4. Xung ddt loi fch giaa cAc bgn ciing nhdn the ch^p quyin d6l no
Xung dot Ipi ich giCfa cac ben nhan the chap cung mdt quyen ddi np dupc giai quyet b i n g quyLoqi hlnh giao dich thf chdp quytnddi na ngdy cdng duoc iii dung r^ng rdi trong cdc hap ddng tin difng
d j n h tgi D i l u 325 BO ludt Ddn sp.
Theo dd, t h d t p u u tidn thanh todn dupc xar djnh theo t h d tp ddng ky giao djch t h i c h i p vd n l u nhU ede giao djch ndy khdng dUpc ddng k'^ thi Iheo thd tp xdc Idp chung.
Gidi phdp ndy v i n chua thpc sp khd thi VI nd ehUa tinh de'n v i l e thdng bao cho bdn cd nghia vp tra np v l v i l e xdc Idp giao djch the'chd^p q u y l n ddi np vd'n Id m i l yeu t d then chdt cua c h l djnh the chl'p quyen ddi np. Phdp ludt hien hdnh v i n ddnh ddng gid trj phap ly cua giao djch t h i chd'p quyen ddi np vdi cdc bdn i h d ba va tfnh dd'i khdng cua giao d|eh ndy vdi ben cd nghfa vu trd x\(f.
Thpc vgy, neu sau khi t h i c h i p quyen ddi np d l bao ddm cho khodn vay A, ben the' chap Igi dung chinh q u y l n ddi np ndy d l bao dam cho mpt khodn vay B, du giao dich the c h i p quyen ddi np thu nhat da dupe dang ky, neu cac ben cdn chua thdng bdo vdi ben cd nghTa vp ira np hay khdng mudn thdng bao ngay vi mpt sd' ly do nha't d j n h (chang han ben cd nghTa vp tra np cd t h i nghi ngd kha nang tai chinh cua dd'i t i e ) .
thi vdn c6 t h i xdy ra trudng hpp bdn CO nghTa v\f trd np thpc hi$n v i l e thanh todn q u y l n ddi np cho bdn nhdn t h i ehd^p thd hai Id bdn dd thpc h i l n v i l e thdng bdo.
Nguydn nhdn Id do ben cd nghfa vu trd np khdng b i i t v r l c xdc Idp giao d j c h t h i c h i p q u y l n ddi np t h d nh^t. Cd t h i Idp M n rdng, do giao d j c h t h i chd'p q u y l n ddi np thd nhd't da dUpc ddng ky thi ben cd nghTa vp trd np phdt tim hilu thdng tin ve (he ch^p tgi cP quan ddng ky giao d j c h bdo ddm. Song cdn phdi t h i y , bdn cd nghTa vg trd np c h i Id mdt chu t h i bj ding phdi thpc h i l n nghTa vp thanh todn. Hon nda, ddc thu cua giao d j c h the chd'p q u y l n ddt np Id dupc t h i l l Idp tren mpt m l i quan h | ba ben (ben t h i c h i p , bdn nhgn the chd'p vd bdn cd nghTa vp trd np) vd viec thdng bdo cho ben cd nghia vp trd np ed chdc ndng thdng tin cho ben nay nhi/
trong trUdng hpp ddng ky. Trong thpc te, n l u c i n trpng, trong vdn bdn thdng bao v l viec t h i chap quyen ddi np, ben nhgn the chap q u y l n ddi nd thudng ydu c l u ben cd nghia vp tra np xdc nhdn xem da cd giao d i c h bao ddm nao
®
dupc xac Igp ddi vdi q u y l n ddi np dd chUa.
N l u dp dpng quy d j n h h i l n hdnh vdo trong vf dp dang xdt, thi bdn cd nghTa vp trd np phdi t i l p tpc thanh todn cho bdn nhdn t h i c h i p q u y l n ddi np ban ddu vd truy ddi (cd t h i thdng qua khdi kien) bdn nhdn t h i c h ^ p t h d hai.
Cdch t i l p cdn ndy khdng thda ddng vd dnh hUdng nghidm trpng tdi q u y l n Ipi cua bdn cd nghTa vp trd np.
Thpc ra, thd tp uu lidn thanh todn giiJa cac bdn cung nhdn t h i ch^p mpt q u y l n ddi np edn dUpe xdc d m h trdn cO sd thd tp thdng bdo cho bdn cd nghTa vp trd np chd khdng phdi trdn cd sd thd tp ddng k'^ hay xac Idp giao djch bao ddm nhU h i l n nay^.
5. Xung llAt loi fch vAI c i c chii n?
hhAc
Mdt sdchu np khde cua bdn i h l chap quyen ddi np eung cd the cd xung dot Ipi fch vdi ben nhan thd' chd'p q u y l n ddi np nhU cO quan thue, kho bgc, ngUdi lao dpng, CO quan bdo hiem xa hpi,-. Cac quy djnh cua BO ludt Ddn sp ve giao dich bao dam eung nhU cac van ban phap quy hUdng d i n dp dung vdn cdn bd ngd va'n de thd tUUU tien gida ben nhan the chap q u y l n ddi np ndi rieng (va rdng ra la eac chu np cd bdo d i m ) va eac chu t h i nay.
Cd the di tim cau tra Idi trong quy dinh phap luat chuyen nganh. Dieu 35, Ludt Pha sdn xdc lap nguydn t i e UU tien thanh todn cac chu np nhgn bao d i m bang cam cd, the' chap tai san'' xac lap trUdc khi Tda an thu ly ddn yeu eau md thd tuc pha san trong thu tuc thanh ly tai san doanh nghiep. Theo quy djnh tai
D i l u 36 vd D i l u 37 cda ludt ndy, trong thd tpc thanh I'? tdi sdn, v i l e phdn chia gid trj tdi sdn cua doanh n g h i i p dupc thpc hi0n theo thd tp sau ddy:
Thanh todn cho N h d nudc gid trj tdi sdn dd dUpc dp dpng biOn phdp ddc b i l l trong trUdng hpp doanh nghiep N h d nudc da dUpc dp dpng b i i n phdp ddc biet v l tdi sdn;
Phf phd sdn;
Cdc khodn np luong, trp Ctfp thdi vide, bdo h i l m xd hOi theo quy dinh cda phap ludt vd cdc q u y l n Ipi khde theo thod Ude lao dOng tdp t h i vd hpp d i n g lao dOng da ky k i t ;
Cdc khodn np khdng cd bdo ddm phdi trd eho ede chu np trong danh sdch chu np.
Thd tu phdn chia lai sdn neu tren n g l m djnh rdng "phap luit phi sin khdng Uu tien giii quyet na thue, tiSn phat ma giii quye't cung vdi phan thanh toan nu cho chu na khdng cd bio dam"'.
Nhgn d m h nay cang cd cP sd khi khodn 1, D i l u 65, Lugt Qudn ly t h u l quy dinh mpt trong cac trUdng hpp dupc xda np tien thud', tien phgt la "doanh nghiep bi tuyen bd' phi san da thUc hi$n cic khoan thanh toan theo quy djnh cua phip luit phi sin ma khdng cdn tii sin de ndp tien thue, tien ph$t'.
N h u vay, dpc k i t hpp dieu 35 vdi dieu 36 va dieu 37, Lugt pha s i n cd the tha'y eac chij no cd bao dam trong dd cd ben nhan the chap quyen ddi nd dUdc LAJ lien ihanh toan tren tat ca cac chu nd khdng cd bao dam va cac chu np khac neu d tren. T h i l t nghi, each tiep can cda nha lam luat dac biel cd Idi cho ben nhan tai
sdn bdo d i m , gdp phdn thdc d i y tdng trudng tfn dpng an todn. Mat khde do thd tp UU tidn thanh todn ndy dupc dp dpng cho trUdng hpp bdn t h i ch^p bj phd sdn - vdn Id trudng hpp md v l nguydn t i c q u y l n Ipi cda cdc chO np cd bdo ddm ft n h i l u bj tdc dOng - ndn cd t h i suy ra rdng thd tp ndy cung dupe dp dpng cho cd trudng hpp bdn t h i chdp hogt ddng sdn xud't, kinh doanh binh thudng tdc Id khdng Idm vdo tlnh trgng phd sdn. Tuy vdy, BO ludt ddn sp c i n quy dinh rd v l vdn d l ndy d l thpc sp tgo CP sd phdp 1'^ cho viec thpc hiOn q u y l n eua ben nhdn tai sdn bdo ddm.B
'Xem thftm ThS Bdi BiJc Giang, Hk q u i p h i p ly cua th£ chSp t i i sin theo quy dinh hi$n hdnh, Tap chf NgSn h^ng, s6 4, thdng 02/2012
'Chuyin giao quyln ddi no du'oc hieu la viec mua b i n quyen d61 no (fli^u 449, B6 luat dan sU)
'Mot trong cac dieu kien c6 hieu iiJC cOa giao dich dan sir la ngUdl tham gia giao dich hoan t o i n t i i nguydn (diem c, khoin 1, dieu 122, Bo ludt dan sifl.
'Xemthem ThS. BiiiDO'c Giang, Mot s6 han che cua che dmh the chSp quyen d61 no theo quy dmh hiSn hanh,Tap chl Ngan hing, so 21, thang 11/2011.
^Phip luat cua Ha Lan va Phap cung di theo hudng n i y v i khong d i t ra quy dinh ve viec p h i i dang ky giao dich b i o d i m doi vdi quyen doi n o : giao dich b i o d i m doi vdi quyen doi no CO g i i tn p h i p ly vdi cic ben va vdi cac ben thCf ba (ngoii ben cd nghia vu t r i nd) ke tCf Ihdi diem sac l i p v i co tinh ddi khing vdi ben CO nghia vu t r i no tit thdi diem thuc hien viec thong b i o . Quy dmh ve the chap quyen dAi no dudi hinh thdc chuyen giao quyen doi no (mortgage of debts by way of assignment) eua Phip lual Anh cung liy thdi drem thUc hien viec thong bao l i m thdi diem xac dinh thd t d du tien Ihanh t o i n ,
T^ha lam luit d i v6 tinh bo quen cac chu no CO b i o dam khac nhu ben n h i n dat coc, ben n h i n ky cUoc hay ky quy.
' T.S Nguyen Ngoc Son, Gdp y ve Luit sda doi, bo sung mot so dieu Luat q u i n ly thue, Tap chi Nghien cUu l i p phap, so 13 (221).
t h i n g 7/2012.
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TAP CHi NGANHANG | SO 17 | THANG 9/2012 E lGIAIIRHAP'O/IY MANH HOAT DONG GHO VKY GOP CH0 ' %
CUA CAC TdCHUfC TIN DUNG ' ' K H A O SAT TREN D j A B A N T H A N H P H O DA N A N G
^ThS. Mai Thj Quynb NhU •
D
e CO von phpc vp cho hogt dgng kinh doanh cua minh, cac doanh nghidp noi Chung va ca nhan noi rieng deu dl vay von tai cac to chuc tin dung (TCTD). Trong so cac doi tucmg di vay, c6 cac tieu thuong dang kinh doanh tai cac cho, tuy nhien, khong phai luc nao hp cung tiep can (3upc nhung nguon von t u cac TCTD do nhung 6\eu kign vay vdn chua dam bao, Xuat phat t u tinh hinh thuc t i l n va thau h i l u nhung kho khan cua tieu thuong, cac TCTD da cho ra ddi mpt logi hinh san pham mdi: san pham cho vay gop cho, nhd co san pham nay, cac tieu thucng se khong con chiu ap luc phai "vay ndng" khi can them von kinh doanh,Bai viet di uao trong tam 3 noi dung chinh nhu sau:
• TfUOng Oai Hoc Duy Tan.Oa Ning
1. BOrc tranh tdng thi v<f die flltim kinh doanh cung nhif ddng gOp cua cic tl^u Ihuong tai cdc cho trtn dja bin thdnh phd Dd NSng vdo su phdt tri^n kinh td chung cua Thdnh phtf
TU xa xUa, tgi c i c d|a phUOng trong ci nu6c, di c6 nhCfng khu chp rat ndi tieng v^ i n truyen thong lau ddi. Trdn dja b i n thanh pho D^ N3ng n6i ri#ng, hp thong chp da c6 nhQng budc phat tnen vupt b^c, tao n&n s u d a dang, phong phu ve s6' lUpng vi chat lupng cua cAc chp, c6 dd'n tren dU6i 80 chp c6 quy m6 Idn, vUa Vci nho dang hogt dOng kinh doanh vpi cac loai m^t hang thiet yeu cho cupc song cua ngUPi dan ban xU cung nhu khach du Ijch.
Trong so cac chp tren, c6 nhOng chp lii lau da rat n6i tieng cua Thanh pho ma mpi ngUdi deu biet den nhu chp H^n, chp Con (Trung tam thUdng nghiep thanh pho D^
Q TAP CHl NGAN
N3ng), chp M d i , chp D^u M^...
n g o i i nhOtig m^t hang iht^t y€u mi ndi n i o ciJng c6 thi mot cho d ^ mang trong d6 nhUng d|c d i ^ m ridng b i ^ l , vf dp nhU: chp H i n noi ti^ng v6i thpc pham tUOi s6'ng {gi. v)t v i thijy hSi s3n...), c i c logi hoa tUPi v i t r i i c3y tUPi, chp H i n c6n n6i ti^ng vdi sp da dgng c i c m^t h i n g vi'\, ao quan va g i i y dep, d i e bipt l i nhQng gian h i n g m j m du k h i c h thudng thich mua ve l i m q u i - mon i n r.ii d$c tnjng v i gan gui ciJa ngudi dan mien Trung; cho C6n CO lupng h i n g hoa phong phii, da dgng vdi du cac m$t hang tii pho thdng den cao cap theo phUPng thUc ban si va l§, moi chp mOt v§
mang den sp ipa chpn da dangvi phong phu cho ngudi ti§u dilng T h i n h pho.
Mang ludi chp p h i t t r i l n da gop ph^n l i m t5ng gia tn nganh
rmunniMiuLvet MM®
thU<3ng mgi tr§n dja b i n v i l i m t i n g thu cho ngSn sSch cCia T h i n h phd. Ty trpng h i n g h o i djch vp ban Id qua hp thdng chp chi^m khoSng 7 0 % tdng mCifc b i n 1^ h i n g h6a djch vp t o i n x i hOi, g6p ph^n d i n g k^ v i o p h i t t r i l n kinh t4 - xa hpi cua t h i n h ph6.
Hogt dOng mua b i n qua mgng lUdi chp dupc d i n h g i i l i mOt k§nh quan trpng ti§u thp h i n g n6ng, l i m , thuy, h i i s3n v i c i c sin ph^m l i n g ngh4, cung iJng v^t tu cho s i n xui't d|a phuong d6\ vdi chp n6ng lh6n va phpc vp ddi s^ng sinh hogt dSn cU trong khu VUc. Dpng thdi, tgo d i l u kien cho doanh nghidp md rOng mgng lUdi kinh doanh, tgo thu^n Ipi trao ddi v i mua b i n h i n g hoa cua c i c dan cUtren dja b i n , gop p h i n c i i thi^n ddi sdng cho c i c tieu thUOng tham gia chp va tieu thu c i c s i n pham nSng nghidp nha vUdn.
Chd con gop ph^n giai quyet vi^c l i m cho hon 14.500 hp tham gia kinh doanh, thu hut hon 45.000 lao dong thudng xuy^n v i gan 10.000 lao dOng khong thUdng xuyen tham gia c i c djch vp ho trp nhu van chuyen, bdc xep, sd che, dong goi bao bl...
Cac tieu thUdng tai chd khi tien hanh kinh doanh buon ban phai d i n g ky quyen sii dung sap tai Ban quan ly (BQL) chd. Nguon hang kinh doanh cua cac tieu thUdng dupc cung cap tU cac dai ly d cac thanh phd Idn nhu thanh phd Ho Chf M i n h , Ha Noi, Da Nang...
Phuong thUc thanh toan tien h i n g tr§n cd sd gdi d^u, thfing thudng nha cung cap cho cac t i l u thUdng np mpt s d t i e n nhat dinh khoang 20% d^n 3 0 % gia tri hang hoa va h o i n tra trUflc dot mua hang tiep theo. Tiiy theo tdng loai mat hang ma vdn kinh doanh cua cac
t i l u thupng Ccin l i k h i c nhau, hSu h^t nhu c5u vdn cija ta't ci c i c t i l u IhUdng tgi c i c chp d i u trong kho5ng ti^ 100 ddn tdi da l i 500 tri$u d6ng, mOt phtln trong nhu c l u vdn cOa t i l u thUdng sg dUpc n h i cung c^p cho np, p h i n cdn Igi huy ddng lU vdn tp c6 v i vdn vay tgi c i c TCTD.
Tdm Igi, v4 d i e d i l m sCf dpng vdn kinh doanh cua t i l u thUdng c i c chp, c i c t i l u thUdng thudng SLf dpng vdn tp c6 v i vdn vay td c i c ngudn k h i c nhau d l mua h i n g td c i c n h i cung ci'p tgi c i c dgi ly h o i c c i c chp c6 quy md Idn tr^n c i c d|a b i n khac nhau.
PhUdng thdc b i n h i n g cua cac t i l u thUdng tgi c i c chp hau hel l i ban te cho k h i c h h i n g b i n xU, k h i c h du Ijch va thu tien ngay, do vay d5c d i l m kinh doanh cua cac tieu thUdng tgi c i c chp l i h i n g ngay deu luon luon c6 mpt lUdng tien m i t nhi^t d m h thu dUpc tU viec ban h i n g , ngudn vdn dupc c h u y i n hda thanh tien m i t mpt c i c h nhanh chdng.
2. ThOG trang viec tri^n khai san pham cho vay gdp cho cua TCTD den tieu thuong tai cdc cho tren dja bdn thdnh pho Od Ning
- Td nhu ciu vd'n cua cac tieu thuong dan de'n viec binh thinh san pham cho vay gdp chu cua cac TCTD.
Co the ndi viec buon ban cua tieu thuong tai cac chp la linh vUc kmh doanh cd nhu c i u vdn thudng xuyen va luon bien dong theo chi^u hUdng tang ca quy md va ty trong mat hang. Neu trUdc day de co vdn kinh doanh, cac tieu thuong thudng vay ndng vdi lai suat t h i n g iha'p nhat la 4%/thanf;, co khi len den 1 0% - 20%/thang. Sd d i ho phai chap nhan mdc lai cao n h u v a y vi
khdng p h i i ai cung cd n h i cda, t i i s i n c6 g i i trj cao d l thd ch^p;
h o i c ndu c6, n h i l u ngUdi v3n nggi vi^c lo thO tpc vay vdn k h i phdc tgp... N^lm b^t dUpc thpc trgng dd, c i c TCTD d i t r i l n khai logi hlnh s i n ph^m cho vay mdi:
s i n ph^m cho vay gdp chp n h i m d i p Ung nhu c^u vdn cung nhU gidp t i l u thUdng n^m b^t dUpc cd hdi kinh doanh v i o c i c thdi vp v i xu hudng h i n g hda m i hp c i n d i p Ung cho thj trUdng. Thdng qua k§nh p h i n phdi vdn niy, c i c TCTD cOng md rdng th^m dUpc thj p h i n cho vay cung nhu da dgng hda c i c s i n phim t i i chfnh d i n h cho k h i c h h i n g .
- Thtfc tr^ng cdng tic trien khai sin pham cho vay gdp chu tai cic chtf tren dia bin thanb pho' Di Ning.
Cho vay gdp chp thUc chat ta mpt hinh thUc cua cho vay san xuat kinh doanh, tuy nhien, loai hinh n i y khdng can den tai san cd g i i tri dam bao cao. Hien tai, vi^c trien khai san pham cho vay gdp cho tren dia ban Thanh phd deu duoc c i c TCTD quan tam thUc hien, tuy nhien trien khai manh nhat phai ke den c i c ngan hang nhu Ngan hang thuong mai cd phan Sai Gdn Thuong Tin (Sacombank), Ngan hang D i u khi Toan cau {CP bank), Ngan hang thuong mai cd phan Dong A (DongA bank)...
Bing 1: Tinh hinh cho vay gdp chg cua cic TCTD tren dia ban
thinh pho Da Ning DVT: trieu dong Ten TCTD OUnffcha vay gopchff 11 Sacombank 14.457 I 2,GPbank_; 1 532
C a c h thdc c h o v a y tai cac T C T D deu c d n h d n g sU tUdng d o n g , hau