IRAO i d l
NEN HAY KHONG NEN
DA Ki THI TOT NGHIEP TRUNG HOC PHO THdNG?
NGND.TS.BANGHUtNHIIIAI iTbAtnfiagBfGDvlDT Gin diy, sau khi edng bd kit qui tdt nghiip THPT
nim hpc 2011 - 2012, cd rlt nhilu y kiln ndi v l ' n i n hay khdng n i n ' bd kl tbi tdt nghiip THPT Trong dd, ed nhilu ngudi cho ring ' n i n giao hin kl tbl niy eho dja phuong, mac du giao eho dia phuong vin ed t b l s l cho kit q u i khdng thyc c h i t nhung gid lai mdt kl thi qudc gia m i khdng dem lai kit qui trung thyc hem edn lim cho d xa hdi roi vio lo Ilng, cang thing v i qui tdn kim tbl ed I I eung khdng d n thilt'. Mdt sd ^ kiln khic xoay quanh y tudng ii'TI i l tdt nghiip cao tdi bon 90%, thim chf 100% thi ed d n thilt phli td chdc tbi tdt nghiip nda hay khdng'? [1]
Td thye tlln boat ddng trong linh vye giio due (GD) phd thdng ban 40 nim, tdi nghi ring ehdng ta nin nhin nhin mdt cich ed h i thdng v l su nghiip GD, d l ed t b i tim ra gill phip tdt nhlt thyc hiln "ddi mdi d n bin v i toin diln GD Vi^t Nam" [2] nhu tinh thin Nghj quylt BH lln thd XI cda Bing CSVN, ddng thdi quylt djnh nin hay khdng nin toc/iu'c/Ut/i/tot nghiip THPT cip qu6c gia.
i . Oiem lai tinh hinh thi tdt nghiep THPT Trude nam 1975, GD Vilt Nam dupc td chdc gan nhu theo h i thdng GD cda Llln Xd (cu), mat khic do tinh chit cudc chiln tranh bio vlTd qude vile day hpe v i giio due HS tdt nghiep THPT ehd ylu phuc vu muc tiiu dio tao ngudn nhin lye bd sung cho tiin tuyin v i xiy dyng hiu phuong miin Ble XHCN. Nhdng ngUdI dupe dio tao su pham h i trung d p 7+3 v i dal bpc 10+3 vio chiln tmdng miln Nam d i u dUpc tin tudng v i qui trpng.
Tnjng khi dd, tmdc ngiy gill phdng miln Nam thdng nhlt dat nude tinh hlnb GD d nda nudc phia Nam nhu sau: Nam 1962, bd ki tbi tdt nghiip tieu hpc;
nim 1968, bd kl thi tdt nghiip THCS (Suae gpi l i ki thi tdt nghiip 0 1 nhlt elp); nim 1973, bd kl thi td t i i phan I (hit ldp 11); nam 1974, kl thi tiJ tii II ddi thinh tu tii toin phin. Oly l i lln dau tiin v i cdng l i lln eudi cdng, kl tbi td t i i dupc td chdc vdi hinh thdc thi trie nghiem d t i t d d c mdn hpe tor d c mdn Nhae Hpa, Thi dye Nd edng gia chlnh, dupe chpn l i mdn thi nhilm y (nghia l i thi sinh diAX cdng vio diem thi tdt nghiip phin trin tmng blnb). Ki thi tu t i i duoc td chdc thinh 2 lan. Lln 1 gin nhu tdt nghiep trin dudi 30%, d 2 kl thudng la trin dudi 70% (ti\r nam 1974 cd tf I I rlt cao, trin 60% d k) 1). Vin d l eo bin d day la HS tdt nghiep kl 1 d l ding
nop bd so tbi vio OH, HS tdt nghiip kl 2 khdng dd thdi gian Si chuln bj cho vile ndp don dy thi vio cie trudng BH danh gii, chl cd t b l vio BH ghi danh m i thdi. Nhin chung HS tdt nghiip td t i i vdi bing thu kf dinh miy d p tdc la cd t b l xin vio lim vile d van phdng. Sd HS khdng dd td t i i dupe d p gily ehdng nhin hit Idp 12 do hilu trudng ki tbl bit ed d dau cdng dupe chip nhin Nam 2012, ed nhilu tfnh, thinh phd dat tf II tdt nghiip THPT trin 90%; d b i l t nhilu trudng dat ti II 100%. Con sd niy da lim du luin xa bdi xdn xao v i cho chdng ta nhilu dilu d l suy nglm. d nhdng nol cd tl 11 tdt nghiip io, chle chin ddi ngd nhi giio chin chfnh rlt uu tu, trin trd v i thit vpng. Tuy nhlln, d nhilu trudng hpe thim chf khdng phii thudc vdng tbuin Ipi, vin cd nhilu giio viin (GV) rlt t i m huylt vdi vile day v i hpe. Cie ed, thly da dinh d t l l n luong cda minh hoic vin ddng x i hdi bd trp d l dua HS ylu kim vio i n d ndi trd, ngiy d i m dn luyen cdng vdl bpc trd cda minh d l giinh dupe kit qui mi min. Cdng t i m m i ndi, trin dlt nude ehdng ta ed khi nhilu trudng nhu tbl, dd l i Trudng THPT Bam Dpi (Ci Mau), THPTTri (3n (Vinh Long), Dan tdc ndi trd Kl Son (Ngbl An) v i d Cao Bing.
Nhdng tmdng hpc niy da mang lai nilm tin cho cie em HS v i toin x i hdi, l i nilm ty bio chfnh ding cda dja phuong v i eda nginh GD.
2. Thiftim Igi triitUGD Viit Nam
B l cd t b l giii quyet thau dao vin d l nin hay khdng nin td chdc kl thi tdt nghiip THPT d p qudc gia, thilt ngbl thay vl sddung d e d e glii phip tinh t b l kilu 'ehda chiy*thudng gap, chdng ta can can cdvio nhdng CO sd If luin v i thye tiin vOng chle gin llln vdl nhdng die dilm v i tfnh mue dich cua nin GD Viet Nam.
2.1. Nghiln edU Hd Chf Minh toin tip, chdng ta thly toan bp tu tUdng cda Bic v l GD l i mdt h i thdng trilt If GD Viet Nam, die b i l t khi Bic d i n tham Trudng Nguyen Ai Qudc Trung uong, thing 9/1949 (nay i i Hpe vien Chlnh tri. - Hinh chfnh qude gia Hd Chf Minh), NgUdi da ghi trong trang dau quyin sd ving cda nhi trudng l i 'Hgc detdm viic, tdm ngudi, ldm cdn bg. Hgc di phung stf Oodn thi phung stf glal cap vd nhan ddn, phung stf Td qudcvd nhdn logr. Miy ddng cuong finh dd cdng dd bao quit v l muc dich, ylu d u cda mdt nin GD toin diln, cd t b l col l i sy ed dde eda trilt II GD Vilt Nam.
22. Mat khie dilu 30 Hiin Phdp nude Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam Sa nlu: Nhi nUdc v i xa hdi bio tdn, phit
42>KMUIIPCSUSDVC
TRAOBdi triln nin vin hoi Vilt Nam tlln tila dim d i bin sle din
tdc k l thda v i phit huy nhdng gii tri cda nin van Win d c din tdc Vilt Nam, tu tudng, dao dde phong d c h Hd Chi Minh; tilp thu tinh hoa vin hda nhin loai; phit huy mpi til ning sing tao trong nhin din.
2.3. Ludt Gido due 2005 quy dinh: Mue tiiu GD l i dio tao eon ngudi Vilt Nam phit triln toin dien, cd d^o dde tri thde sdc khoi, thim mi v i ngbl nghiip, fung thinh vdf II tudng dde lip din tdc v i chd nghia x i hdi; blnb thinh v i bdi dudng nhin cicb, phlm chit v i ning lye eda edng din, d i p dng ylu elu eda sy nghiip xiy dung v i bio vlTd qude
2.4. Nhu viy, vile tim hilu tU tudng Hd Chf Minh, Hiln phip v i Luit Giio dye nude Cdng hda Xi hdi ehd nghia Vilt Nam, d i eho chdng ta mdt h i thdng trilt If khoa hpe v i hiln dal v l GD-BT Vilt Nam vdi nhdng dilm nhin nhusau:
GD Viit Nam li nin CD phung sU To quae, phung sUnhin din vi nhin logi, vdl il tudng dde lip din tdc v i chd nghia xa bdi, d i p dng y l u d u cda sy nghidp xiy dyng v i bio vlTd qudc.
- GD Wit Nam li nin CD tiin tiin, dim di bin sic din tie; k l thda v i phit huy nhdng g i i trj cda nin vin hiln d c din tdc Vilt Nam, tu tudng, dao dde phong cich Hd Chf Minh; tilp thu tinh hoa vin hoi nhin I09I.
- GD Viit Nam li nin GD nhin vin, toin diin, Sao t^o con ngudi Vilt Nam phit triln toin diln, cd dao dde tri thde sdc k h d , tham ml v i nghi nghiip. Hpc d l lim vile lim ngUdi, lim ein bd (ed t b l bao gdm ein bd, edng chde viin chdc).
3. NIn hay khdng nen xda bd ki thi tdt nghiep THPT, tdc l i n i n hay khdng nen td chufc ki thi tdt nghidp THPT d d p qudc gia?
3.1 Khdng td chdc kl thi tdt nghiip TTHPT d d p qude gia tdc l i ddng nghia vdl vile ddi mdi edng tic quin If, cdng ed chit lupng day v i bpc td Idp 1 den Idp 12, bao gdm:
- Xiy dung m^t bd giio khoa chuin do Nhi xult bin (NXB) GD Vilt Nam I n binh, nhilu sleh tham khio chuyin slu do nhdng ngudi t i m huylt v i trich nhilm vdi nin GD Vilt Nam vilt nhlm dim bio tinh muc tllu v i trilt It GO VN, do NXB GD, NXB Supham an hinh. Nhu viy, khi day mdt bil, ngudi GV cd t b l tham khio dupe nhilu ndi dung v i phuong phip gilng day phong phd, vile day v i hpc s l khdng bi gd bd bdi mdt ndi dung duy n h l t Tuylt ddi khdng chip nhin \oai sleh d?y HS thilu tinh nhin vln_.
- 061 /mW cing tic quin U: GV Suae tu chu, t u chju trich nhilm v l chit lupng d^y v i hpe k l d phin phis chuong trinh tuin, thing v i bpc kl phu hpp vdi ddi tUKjng HS cda minh, sao cho d i n cudi ni^t nam hpe HS d^t ylu d u CO bin do Bd d l ra. Oe ki«m tra euoi moi
n i m hoc dUpc Bd GD-DT cdng khai d hinh thOt lln ndi dung (dang mlu) Si mang tinh h i thdng v i ddng chuan. GV ed t h i ty hpc t i p cich ra d l dya t r ^ nulu (ed t b l hilu mlu d diy chfnh i i ylu elu v l kUn thtfe v i ki ning chuln). Lanh dao nhi trudng dya trin mlu chuln cd t b l vda ra Si kilm tra, ddng thdi ed t b l ty thanh tra nang iye GV eda minh. Phdng GD ra d l kilm tra eudi mdi nam hpe ddi vdi tiiu hpe va THCS. Sd GD-DT ra d l kHm tra cudi nam ddi vdi THPT v i GD tbudng xuyln. (SdG/do due ddo tgo Vinh Long eung dd ttfra di kiim tra hoc W ti^
Idpl den ldp 12). Bp GD-OT ra d l thi hoic d l kilm tra eudi Idp 12, ngoii ra, Bd cdng cd t h i ra d l d l kilm tra d t i t d d e khdi Idp d l vda thanh tra vda ehl dao...
- Gliy chtfng nhin tot nghiip THPT do glim die siCD tinh, thinh phi kf. Ngudi cd gily chdng nhin tdt nghiip THPT chf d n cd ehdng chi hole bing dio tao nghi l i dUoc tuyin dung lim lao ddng phd thdng theo nhu clu co d u lao ddng eda ngudi sddyng.
- Phin ludng sau THCS: HS bpc bit Idp 9 dupc vio bpc tmng hpc chuyin nghiip h i 3 nam. Cie tmdng thyc hiln chuong trinh niy dupe nhin ngin sich ehl eho GD phd thdng hoic GO tbudng xuyln nhu d c tmng t i m GD tbudng xuyln ei^ nginh GD. Hpe sinh dupe nhin hpe bdng trong thdi gian hpc chuong trinh 9+3,10+2 v i 11+1 nim nhu HS din tdc ndi trd. Cd dupe nhu t b l tbl sy phin ludng mdi thye chit v i khic phuc dupc tinh trang nhilu nam qua triln khai edn gip nhilu khd khia Chinh sich niy cd t h i dupc xem nhu mdt sy kich d u trong linh vye chat luong GD-BT, thye biln song song vdi qui trinh t i i d u tnic nin kinh t l Vilt Nam.
Tuyein sinh dgi hga HS dupe chdng nhin tdt nghiep phd thdng dat tO trung binh trd iin l i cd t h i ndp ddn thi vio OH, vl diy chinh l i quyin dupe hpc cda mpi edng din t r l . Cie trudng OH danh tilng, d c ldp ylu d u chat lupng cao, d e Idp tuyin theo nhu d u dio tao ngudn nhin lyc eda Nhi nude ed t b l ylu d u HS cd giay ehdng nhin tdt nghiip THPT dat k>ai khi trd lln hoic cbl d n loai gidi. Se cd mdt sd trudng OH cho HS dang ki dy tuyin, thdi gian hpc khdng ban ehl chf trong vdng 4 hole 5 nim, miln sao HS dat yeu d u theo ddng qui djnh, tdc la thUe dat dupc tdt nghifp.
Lim Suae dilu niy, chung ta s l ban chl dupe finh trang toin din dl thi OH, nhung cdng tao dilu kiln cho ngUdi cd y ehl, quylt t i m phin diu l i ed t h i hpc Un OH, tdc l i quin chat chit lUpng dio tao.
3.2. Cd t b l td chdc thi tdt nghiep THPT d l tuyen sinh vio OH bay khdng? Cd 3 If do eho thly ring dVilt Nam, chung ta chua t b l l i m dupc dilu niy:
Thd n h l t kit q u i tdt nghiip THPT hoin toin khdng ddng d i u gida cie vdng miin, tham chf l i gida d c trudng. Olt nUdc ta vda dii lai ddng din vdi nhilu vdng slu, vdng xa, vdng die bilt khd khan, chit lupng dpi ngd iai khdng deu n i n vile kilm soit Si Sim bio s6 S3-nuliK 1/2(12.43
T R A O ^
tinh edng bing eho tuyin sinh OH l i dilu khdng d l ding chdt nio. Mat khic, ai edng mudn eon em minh dupc vio OH nhiiu hem, trong khi khung phip li de kilm tra, kilm soit chua dd sdc dip dng trong nhdng nim sip din.
Thd bai, nlu d l d c trudng OH ty chiu trich nhilm tuyin diu vio eho minh chle s l tuyin dupc HS yeu ngbl v i mat bing ehuyin mdn ban diu eung s l cao hon. VI du, khi tuyen vio tmdng su pham, ngudi ta rut t b i m 1 b i i d a y v i y l u d u t r i l d i d u b d l : N l u l i G V , b a n s l day bil niy nhu t b l nio? Mdn KI ning su pham cd dilm vdl h i sd eao d diu vio tbl s l d l dio tao thinh GV day tdt
Thd ba, trong khi x i hdi dang cdn ed nhilu bin khoin v l chit lupng tdt nghiip THPT d p qudc gia tbl khdng nin sd dung kit qui thi niy d l tuyin HS vio d e tmdng OH.
Ngoii ra, quan dilm trpng dung t i i nang khdng hoin toin dya trin bing elp cdng d n dupe quan t i m trong qui trinh sd dy ng ngudn nhin lyc cdng vdl tiin trinh ddi mdi d n bin v i toin diln GO Vilt Nam. Cbl cd nhu t b l tbl bing d p gll s l din din khdng cdn dat d l tdn t^i, nhi nude edng khdng phii mit qui nhilu thdi gian v i t i i chfnh d l gill quylt Olt nUdc ta v6f^ ed ti'uyin thdng rlt tdt dep l i 'Tdn hiln" 'Cd hiln". Nhilu t i i ning Idn nhu Cao Bi Q u i t Nguyin Du, Td Xucmg, Phan Bdi Cblu_. d i tdng khdng diu hole diu khdng cao d tmdng tbL
33. Nlu nim hpc 2012 - 2013, chdng ta vin tilp
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TIEP CAN NANG LlTC THIfC HIEN...
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Photoshop, Photo Impact, Autocad (xd II inh). Video Studio, Premear (dyng v i biln tap phim); Flash, Swish, Ulead Studio (lim md phdng). Creative Reeoder (xd If imthanh).v.v...
Nhu viy, ed t b l t h l y t i l p cin NLTH trong day hpe ndi chung, t h i l t k l day hpc ndi rllng d i n d i n nhilu sy thay ddi c l v l ndi dung, hinh thdc td chdc d i o tao. Tilp cin NLTH l i m cho vile day hpc khdng cdn xa vdi vdi thuc t i i n , hudng tdi sy chuln bj mdt cich hilu q u i n h l t d i m bio cho q u i trinh thye hiln day hpc mang lai nhilu thinh cdng, gidp ngUdi hpe nhanh ehdng cd Supc ndng Itfc thtfc hiin, thyc hiln tdt d c cdng vile trong thye tien ngbl nghiip.
TAI Lieu THAM K H A O
1. Nguyin Minh Oudng, Ddo tgo theo ndng Itfc thUChiin.Thi lilu bdi dudng Gilo vlln, H i Ndi, 2005.
2. Vd Xuin Hung, Rin luyin ndng Itfe dgy hgc cho sinh viin dgi hgc sUphgm kl thudt trong thtfc tdp su 44*iiMUN9CGUsiyc
tue td chdc thi tdt nghiip THPT d p qudc gia nhU td trudc din nay, thi cd le da d i n ldc nin phin d p eho giim dde d c sd true t i l p ehl dao, td chdc col thi theo tdng cym hole tdng tmdng. CIn sd dung GV tllu hoc v i THCS coi thi; td chdc mdt Hdi ddng chim thi vda phii d l GV chim chuln v i ddng diu, theo ddng quy trinh thdng nhlt chf dao eda Bd.
Nhu viy, van d l ' n i n hay khdng nen bd kl tbi tdt nghiep THPT" vdi y nghia Id nin hay khdng nin to chtfc ki thi tot nghiip THPT cap quoc gia d n dua trin trilt II, muc tiiu GD Viet Nam, v i die bilt l i tinh thin'Odi mdi d n bin v i toin diln GD Vilt Nam' nhu Nghj quylt Oai hdi Oing toin qudc lln thd XI da d l ra.
TAILI$UTHAMKHAO 1. Bio mang
2. Vdn kiin Ogi hdi dgi bieu todn quoc tdn thtfXi, NXB Chinh tii Qudc gia, 2011, trang 77
3. Theo Ngpc H i (TTO).
SUMMARY
TTie author suggests that tn order to address the issue of "whether the upper secondary gmduation exams should be abotished or not" in a thorough manner, it is Important to base on philosophy and objectives of Vietnamese education, especially the spirit of "radical and comprehensive renovation of Vietnamese education", as pointed out tn the Resolution of 11th Party Congress,
Cnip theo trang 36)
phgm theo tiip cdn NLTH, Luan I n t i i n sT giio due hpe Thu vien Qudc gia. H i Ndi, 2011.
3. Tdng cyc Day ngbl, Swisscontact, Sotayvithtit kivd to chtfc khda tdp hudn kindng gidng dgy. Hi Ndi, 2004.
4. Rudolf Tippeh, Competency - based training, Larissa Weigel, Heidelberg, Germany, 2003.
5. American Association of Higher Education, Seven Prindples of Good Teaching Practice, Website:
bttp://wvvw.westga.edu/~distance/webet/,2009.
SUMMARY
TTie article has touched upon the performance- based approach in teaching design of vocational teachers, its writer has presented (I) teaching and training design using performance-based approach;
(it) general status of teaching design among vocational teachers; and (III) the process of teaching design using performance-based approach.