THIET Bl DQY HOC MON MY THUQT 6 TRUdNG THG

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NGHIEN C m i a ONG DUNG

mm THUC cufl GIRO VIEN VE VIEC sd ^DUNG

THIET Bl DQY HOC MON MY THUQT 6 TRUdNG THG

1. Nhdn thdc cua GV ve vi tri, vai tro vd tdc dung cua TBDH

Thuc te ciia DH mon MT da thira nhan vai tro, tdc dung ciia TBDH. Trudc het, no la mgt thanh to ciia QTDH, la nguon tri thuc, la phuang tien dieu khien boat dgng nhan thiic ciia HS. Theo quan diem phat huy tinh tich cue, chii dong, sang tao ciia ngudi hgc, thi TBDH dugc coi la doi tugng de HS chii dgng, tu luc khai thac tri thii'c dudi sir hudng dan cua GV, no giiip cac em thu nhan thong tin mgt each sinh dong, kich thich hung thii nhan thiic;

ren luyen kha nang quan sat, so sanh, phan tieh, tong hgp; phat trien tu duy sang tao de van dung vao bai ve; giiip cac em trd thanh chii the tich cue trong mgi hoat dgng.

2. Nhdn thuc ciia GV MT ve sir cdn thiet su dung cdc TBDH

* Phan Idn GV deu danh gia rat cao su can thiet ciia TBDH truyen thong trong viec nang cao chat lugng DH mon MT:

98,97% y kien ciia GV dugc dieu tra cho rang cac TBDH truyen thong rdt cdn thiet vd khd cdn thiet trong DH mon

Nhan bai ngay 28/7/2011

MT; Dac biet khong co GV nao cho rang TBDH la khong can thiet. Dieu ridy chimg to tinh phii hgp gida ly ludn vd thirc

tien ciia su nghien cuu ve vi tri, vai tro cua TBDH truyen thong trong QTDH mon MT d trudng THCS.

Qua trao doi vdi chiing toi, da so GV dugc hoi y kien deu cho rang viec su dung cac TBDH truyen thong trong QTDH mon MT se tao dieu kien cho HS phoi hgp dugc hoat dgng ciia nhieu giac quan trong nhan thii'c. Nhd co sii' dung cac TBDH ma hoat dgng nhan thiic ciia HS dugc tien hanh de dang va CO hieu qua han. Vi vay viec nhan manh su can thiet phai sii' dung cac TBDH truyen thong trong QTDH cua GV MT la diing dan va co y nghTa quan trgng doi vdi viec day MT d tru'dng THCS.

* Tuy nhien, nhgn time cua nltieu GV MT ve tinh Itieu qud ciia viec sd dung cdc PTKTDH hien dgi ciing nhu viec img dung CNTT vdo gidng dgy bg mon ndy chua cao. Tham chi nhieu ngudi con nghi ngd vl tinh hieu qua ciia cac phuong tien nay trong viec DH MT cho HS. Mgt so GV coi do chi la phuang tien thay cho vien phan

ThS. Nguyen Thu llian Trudng DHSP Hd Ngi

triing viet bang, thay cho ve hinh minh hga (ma le ra ngudi GV phai ve minh hga true tiep tren bang mdi co sire thuyet phuc HS). Do ddnh gid thdp cdc PTKTDH md mgt s6 GV cho rdng klidng cdn phdi co PTKTDH thi hg vdn co the dgy tot vd HS vdn tiep thu tot.

3. Nhqn thuc cua GV MT ve muc do can thiet ciia tdng loqi TBDH

Ket qua dieu tra thuc trang (bang 1 dudi day) cho thay:

Khi giang day tren ldp. GV MT chu yeu diing cac TBDH truyen thong (nhu tranh, anh, mau vat that...). Dieu nay khong phai la bat thu'dng vi do la dac trung ciia DH MT day MT la day tren do diing DH. Ket qua cho thay; 95,70% GV MT cho rang Mdu vdt that la rat can thiet; roi din Tranh ve cua HS (86.80%);

Tranh phien bdn cua hga si (79,10%).

Trong khi do, tiing loai thiet bi de phuc vu cho viec irng dung CNTT vao DH (nhu mang internet. USB cac loai, cac phan mem DH, may tinh ca nhan, cac loai may chieu.v.v...) thi rdt il GV cho rdng khong cdn thiet Idm. Theo chiing toi, nhan thitc nay la rat

\l • TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC - so 72 - 8/2011

NGHIEN cim & IMG DUNG

II

Bdng 1:

TEN TBDH

1. Tranh phien ban ciia cac hoa sT 2. Tranh ve cua HS

3. Cac anh tu lieu 4. Mau vat, do vat that 5. May quay camera 6. May anh

7. TV va dau video

8. May chieu ban trong (Overhead) 9. May chieu film duong ban

10. May chieu lap the 11. May chieu da nSng 12. Mdy tinh de ban 13. May tinh xach tay 14. Mang Internet 15. Mang E-learning 16. USB cac loai

17. CacphSnmemDHMT

Mirc do can thiet cQa tirag loai TBDH

Miic do cSn thiet cua tii'ng loai TBDH Rdt cdn thiet

SL 608 669 286 736 12 18 66 44 16 16 92 94 108 123 26 142 173

% 79.1%

86.8%

37.3%

95.7%

1.6%

2.3%

8.6%

5.8%

2.1%

2.1%

12.1%

12.2%

14.1%

16.1%

3.5%

18.5%

22.5%

Tifffng doi cdn thiet SL

156 101 470 26 150 307 622 163 136 191 545 514 424 484 106 499 231

% 20.3%, 13.1%

61.4%

3.4%

19.6%

40.0%

81.0%

21.3%

17.8%

25.1%

71.6%

66.9%

55.5%

63.3%

143%

65.0%

30.0%

Khong cdn thiet SL

5 1 10 7 602 442 80 558 612 554 124 160 232 158 608 127 365

% 0.7%

0.1%

1.3%

0.9%

78.8%

57.6%o 10.4%

72.9%

80.1%

72.8%

16.3%

208%

304%

20.7%

82.2%

16.5%

47.5%

au tri, khong phii hgp vdi xu the DH bien dai ngay nay - khi ma CNTT dang ngu tri va phat trien nhu vu bao, cd nhieu tac dung trong mgi ITnh vuc cua xa hgi, trong do cd DH.

4. Quan niem cua GV MT ve cdch su dung TBDH

Trong DH, quan he giLi:a GV va HS la mdi quan he ca ban. Dua vao moi quan he nay, ngudi ta phan chia thanh nhQ-ng h? th6ng DH va cac PPDH khac nhau. Trong DH truyen

thong, boat dgng cua ngudi GV dugc de cao, GV la ngudi truyen thu tri thirc, ky nang ky xao cho HS. Trong DH hien dai, hoat dgng nhan thirc ciia HS dugc nhan manh: HS Id chu the cua hogt dgng hgc, thdnh cong cua hogt dgng DH Id Idm cho HS doc lap, tie gidc, chit dgng chiem ITnh tri thirc; GVld ngudi to chuc, Idnh dgo, dieu khien, giiip cho HS tien hdnh cdc hogt dgng nhdn thuc, de tren ca sd do hodn thdnh cdc nhiem vu hgc tap dd dgt ra.

Tir quan niem ve DH tuang tac giCra GV va HS (nhu da trinh bay tren day), co the co nhung each hieu khac nhau ve each sir dung PPDH true quan.

Theo chung toi, trong thuc tien, CO the co 3 each hieu ve phuang phap sir dung TBDH trong QTDH, do la;

l.GV trinh bay cac TBDH CO lien quan den ngi dung DH, con HS quan sat chiing.

2. GV to chirc cho HS sir dung cac TBDH vao boat dgng hgc tap ciia ban than, qua do

TAP CHi THIET Bl GlAo DUC - SO 72 - 8/2011 • 13

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NGHIEN c i m & ONG DUNG

Bdng 2: Nhan thirc cua GV ve each sir dung TBDH trong DH MT

Nhdn thirc ciia GVve cdch sir dung TBDH

Cdch 1: GV trinh bay cac TBDH co lien quan den noi dung DH, con HS quan sat chung.

Cdch 2: GV to chirc cho HS su dung cac TBDH vao hoat dong hoc tap cua ban than, qua do hinh thanh tri thirc, ky nang, ky xao cho HS.

Cdch 3: HS tu sir dung cac TBDH vao hoat dong hoc tap tren lap ma khong CO sir huang dan cua GV.

Tdng:

Sd lifffng IQll 772

57/ 772 13/ 772

772

% 9093%

7.38%

1.69%

100%

binh thanh tri thirc, ky nang, ky xao cho HS.

3. HS tu sil' dung cac TBDH vao boat dgng hgc tap tren ldp ma khong c6 su hudng dan ciia GV.

Ket qud khdo sdt quan niem cua GVve cdch sd dung TBDH dirge the hien trong bdng 2 dudi ddy:

Qua bang tren cho thay; co 90.93% GV MT cho rSng viec sil' dung TBDH trong QTDH hien nay dugc tien hanh theo each GV trinh bay, minh hga tri thuc bang cac TBDH c6 lien quan den ngi dung DH, con HS quan sat chiing. Hau het GV deu CO chung thao tac la: gidi thieu, phan tich eac TBDH (tranh minh hga) co lien quan den ngi dung can truyen thu, con HS CO nhiem vu quan sat cac TBDH do de hinh thanh cac bieu tugng, tao mdi lien tudng giCra nhirng hinh anh ve TBDH vdi tri thiic ma GV da trinh bay.

Cdch hieu nhir tren ve phucmg phdp sir dung TBDH dang Id tinh trgng pho bien

hien nay cua cdc GV MT ve PPDH true quan. Cdch hieu ndy khong sai, nhung chua phii hgp vdi quan diem ciia doi mdi PPDH theo hudng phdt trien tu duy sdng tgo cua HS. Cung qua ket qua khao sat d bang tren day cho thay; Mac dii chi co 7.38% sd GV cho rSng PPDH true quan la GV to chiic cho HS sir dung TBDH vao boat dgng bgc tap cua ban than HS.

Theo chiing toi, day la quan dilm DH hien dai ve PPDH true quan (bdi vi DH viia la qua trinh ngudi GV t6 chirc djnh hudng hoat dgng nhan thirc ciia HS, vira la qua trinh ngudi HS no luc tien hanh boat dgng nhan thuc. Qua trinh boat dgng day hudng vao viec phat huy tinh tich cue ciia ngudi hgc, tao dieu kien eho cac em chiem ITnh tri thiic va ky nang bSng chinh hoat dgng ciia minh. K6t qua la: dudi sir t6 chuc cua GV, cac em tien hanh hoat dgng vdi TBDH, sSp xIp, chuydn ddi, tach ra, ghep lai chung, lam cho cac thuge tinh ban chat cua doi tugng phai bgc Ig ra.

cac khai niem khoa hgc nhd do dugc cac em nam virng). Rat tiec, so GV CO quan niem nhu vay con qua it, nen rat can dugc pho bien phuang phap sii' dung TBDH kieu nhu vay trong thuc tien DH hien nay.

Tom Igi, hau het cac GV da khang dinh PPDH true quan la can thiet doi vdi DH mon MT.

Dieu nay phii hgp vdi ly luan nhan thirc, vdi sir phat trien tam ly tre. Day la mgt tien bg can dugc duy tri va phat trien trong thuc tiln DH mon MT d THCS hien nay.

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Tvhn Quoc Ok (2001),

"Sir dung thiet bi day hgc dap ung yeu cau doi mdi phuang phap giao due d trudng pho thong", Tgp chi Gido due, so 5/

2001.

2. Dang Thanh Hung (2002), Dgy hgc hien dgi: Ly ludn Bien phdp Ky thudt, NXB DHQG. Ha Ngi.

3. Vu Trgng Ry (1998). Mo/

so vdn de ly ludn ve TBDH, NXB Giao due, HaNoi.

14 • TAP CHi THIET B! GIAO DUC - so 72 - 8/2011