Tuyen t i p bao cao khoa hoc Hpi nghi Khoa hoc ky t h u i t Do ludng t o i n qudc lin t h i IV Hd Ngi, 11 • 2005
^THIET Bj TAO BUI VA HE THONG DANH GIA HIEU QUA LOC BUI CUA TAM LOC
Bang Qudc Nam, Nguyin Thi Thuy Hdng Viin Nghiin cdu KHKT Bdo hd lao ddng
Tdm tdt:
Bdi viit di cap den thiit bi tgo bui rdn td mudi NaCl do Viin nghiin cdu KHKT- BHLD vda nghiin cdu vd ldp rdp vdi Iren lO'hgl/cm' cd kich Ihudc nho han Iftni, trong dd cd 2.10"hgllcm' cd kich thuac (0,3- 0,5)fm. Thiit bi tgo hui ran da phdn tdn Id mud'i NaCl hogt ddng dn dinh, di van hdnh, ddp dng yiu cdu ddnh gid hieu qud Igc bui cua cdc tdm Igc.
Summaries:
The article mentions about the solid dust generator that have been researched and assembled by Ihe National Institute for Labour Protection (NILP). This equipment can generate more than W particleslcm' of solid dust with the size of less than Ifjni from NaCl, in which have 2.10'°particles/cm^ within the range of (0.3 - 0.5)pni. The advantages of this equipment are stable work; simple in operation and il can easily be satisfied Ihe requirement of effective assessment for Ihe filters.
I. DAT VAN DE
Cd mdt vai phuorng phip dinh gii hidu qua Ipc bui cua tim Ipc bui. Dd ed thi dinh gii nhanh vi chinh xic hidu qua Ipc bui cua ti'm Ipc bui, die bidt trong q u i trinh nghidn ciu vat lieu x i ly bui cho cac phdng sach, kiem tra chi't lupng c i a cac phuong tidn bio vd CO quan hd hip phdng chfing cic benh bui phdi, ngudi ta thudng s i dung cic loai thifft bj tao bui trong didu kidn phdng thi nghidm vdi cac ydu ciu khi nghidm ngat vd kfch thudc hat bui. Vide dinh gia hidu qua lpc bui thudng dupe tiffn hinh vdi bui hd h i p cd kfch thudc hat nho hon. Didu dd xuit phit t i chd l i cic hat bui cd kfch thudc khoang 0,3nm thudc loai hat bui ri't dd Ipt qua ti'm Ipc, ngay ca vdi loai tim lpc cd hidu qua eao HEPA. Vidn nghidn eiu KHKT- BHLD da nghidn ciu va dua ra thifft bj tao bui rin da phin tin vdi phin ldn hat bui cd kfch thudc nim b dai hat 0,3- 0,5ixm.
II. THIET HI TAO BUI RAN
Bing vide phun dung djch cua ehit long tao sol khi trong dung mdi hoic dung djch mufii NaQ hoa tan trong nude, sau dd lim bay hoi dung mdi, ching ta cd thd tao ra sol khf long hoic bui rin N a Q vdi kfch thudc hat sol khf phu thudc v i o kfch thudc hat suong dupc phun ra, chff dp phun suong v i nfing dd dung djch phun suong. Cd thd s i dung nhidu bfi phun suong khac nhau dd tao sol khf, trong sd dd bd phun suong Collison v i DeVilbis, Lovelace l i hay dupc s i dung hon ca. Cic loai bfi phun suong dd thufing m i c phii thiffu sdt l i do dung mdi hoi tan bj bay hoi ngay t i budng chia dung djch, do dd dung dich cdn lai trong bd phun sol khf trd ndn dim die hon v i dieu dd giy ndn bidu i n g lim ting kfch thudc
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hat sol khf. Su thay dfii vd ki'ch thudc hat nay xay ra dac biet nhanh khi si dung dung mdi de bay hoi nhu rupu. Dd ban chff anh hudng cua hidu ing tang ndng dp dung djch phun suong, cd thd ap dung mdt sfi bidn phip, trong dd cd bidn phip bfi sung dung djch phun suong. Bidn phap bd sung dung djch phun suong dupc ap dung trong thie't bj tao bui rin N a a cd ky hidu DG NaCl- 02 do Vidn nghien ciu KHKT Bao hd lao ddng chff tao va dupe trinh bay trong hinh 1. Thifft bi tao bui rin DG NaCl- 02 gdm bd cap dung djch NaCl, bp phun suong Collison vi bp si'y khd. Khfing khf sach dupc cap vao thifft bj tao bui rin nhd mfit he thdng may nen khf vi bd lam khd, lam sach bui mdi trudng tdi cic hat cd kfch thudc nhd hon 0,1pm.
Vide nghien ciu thanh phin bui rin dupc thuc hidn nhd miy phin tfch bui Model 7.309 "Filter-check" SubMicron Aerosol Spectrometer cua hang Grimm, Cdng hoi Lien bang Die. Miy phin tfch cd the kfft nd'i vdi may ti'nh vi phin ti'ch sd hat theo 12 dai t i 0,26 dffn >2pm.
SO DO HE THONG TAO BUI NaCl R A N
Hinh 1. So dd thifft bj tao bui min NaCl.
Ke't qua nghidn ciu mic dn djnh cua thiet bj tao bui rin DG NaCl- 02 va xac dinh thanh phin phin tan cia bui dupc tao ra trdn miy 6 luu lupng ddng khf 951/ph dupc din ra trong bang 1 va hinh 2. Cd thd nhin thiy thid't bj tao bui rin DG NaQ- 02 hoat ddng fin djnh trong thdi gian dii vdi mic dao ddng tfing sd hat bui khdng qui 2,17%, thanh phin bui kha fin dinh vdi trffn lO'hat/cm' cd kich thudc nhd hon 1pm, trong dd cd 2.IO'°hat/cm' cd kich thudc 0,3- 0,5pm. Ddi chidu vdi thifft bj tao bui cia DEHS (Khoa sic khoe va an toan mdi trudng cua tmdng Dai hpc tfing hpp Minnesota) dupc si dung dd dinh gia hidu qua Ipc bui ciia cac loai ti'm lpc dupc din trong bang 2 cd thd thiy vdi tfing sfi hat bui cung nhu sfi hat bui cua cac phin doan kfch thudc khac nhau phat ra t i may DG NaCl- 02 Idn hon -so hat bui phit ra t i may DEHS va cd thd dip ing td't cho vi6c danh gia hidu qua lpc bui cua cac tim lpc bui theo tiSu chuin Chau Au EN 779: 1993 va danh gii hidu qua lpc bui cua cac phuong tien bao ve co quan hd hip lpc bin EN 143: 1990.
Bdng 1. Sd lieu nghien ciu su on djnh cua may tao bui hd hap.
Dan vi; Sdhatknt'
sn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Tiep hi
STT 1 2 3 4 5
*
7 8 9
Dai hat bui, p m 0,26- 0,30 0,30- 0,35 0,35- 0,40 0,40- 0,45 0,45- 0,50 0,50- 0,60 0,60- 0,70 0,70- 0,80 0,80- 1,0
ngi.
Dai hat bui.
p m 0,26- 0,30 0,30- 0,35 0,35- 0,40 0,40- 0,45 0,45- 0,50 0,50- 0,60 0,60- 0,70 0,70- 0,80 0,80- 1,0
Lan do 1 7178989568 9421673472 5090188288 3621505024 II7I3I4432 773441920 552168704 553277760 479981888
Lin do 5 7258374656 9556315136 5166519808 3708737024 1173843456 761529088 538419392 539278912 449412928
Lin do 2 7348757504 9643440128 5209189888 3736647680 1186156544 768811904 543789696 543653248 451155456
Lin do 6 7161278464 9413175296 5109812736 3636242432 1157821184 765195968 546927232 546598016 481433088
Lin do 3 7474515456 9811606528 5269357568 3811904512 1198581760 764960384 536971200 537359936 427730976
Lin do 7 7032579584 9227917312 5027701248 3566028800 1143737344 764630976 548846400 548985536 496757952
Lin do 4 7760851968 10211253248 5433116160 3968868352 1222258944 760379840 524869536 527167520 382285952
Lin do 8 7119952896 9340194816 5095556096 3617659392 1148623872 763108672 546572672 545947712 485550336
622
Ty le so hat bui tfl may DG NaCl- 02
Hinh 3. Ty le so hat bui theo kich thufic Bdng 2. So sanh lucmg bui phat ra tfl thie't bi tao bui DG NaCl- 02
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kich Ihudc hat, pm Tdng cpng
0,2 0,5 1,0 0,3- 0,5 0,5- 1,0
Ndng dd hat bui, sd' hat/cm' May DEHS
>I0' 2. 10' 5. 10' 1. 10' 1,5. 10'
8. 10'
DG NaCl- 02
>10' 7. 10' 7.10"
5. 10' 2. 10"
2.10'
III. DANH GIA SO SANH VA DANH GIA THU" NGHIEM MOT VAI LOAI KHAU TRANG TREN THI T R U O N G TRONG NUOC.
Ke't qua danh gia so sanh hifiu qua loc bui cua cac hop loc bui va kh^u trang loc bui cua hang Shigematsu (Nhat) dugc dSn ra trong bang 3.
Bdng 3. Ke't qua danh gia so sanh hieu qua loc bui
STT
1 2 3
Ddi tupng thi nghiem Tim loc RUIH
HpplocLlH Khiu trang DDR- 11
Hidu qua loc bui, % Hang Shigematsu
(Nhat) Gin 98 Gin 98 96 hoac cao hon
Theo suong diu EX)?
Miu 1 98,7 99,8 83,3
Miu 2 98,6 99,8 84,0
Theo bui rin DG- NaCl 02 MSu 1
99,3 94,12 98,3
Miu 2 98,9 95,9 97,8
Theo tieu chu^n Chau Au En- 143: 1990, viec danh gia hifiu qua loc bui cfla cac kh^u trang vS ban mat na loc bui cfing nghiep dugc tifi'n hanh kha nghiem ngat 6 luu lugng dong
khf thi nghidm tdi 951/phit. Trong khi dd cac khau trang va ban mat na be bui cia Nhat dupc danh gii b didu kien nhe nhang hon, b luu lupng ddng khi thi nghiem 30 I/phut.
Trong nghien ciu nay, ching tdi tidn hinh dinh gii hdp lpc bui cua cie ban mat na va khiu trang lpc bui b luu lupng ddng khf thi nghiem 30 1/phut. Kfft qua dinh gia dupc din ra trong bang 4.
Bdng 4. Ke't qua danh gia hieu qua Ipc bui cija mpt sd khau trang va bin mat na Ipc bui
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Loai ti'm loc, ban mat na, khau trang PB- 825 KB- 821 CB- 823 3L- TU- 3 N-95 FMDL Neomask
Hieu qua Ipc btli, % Mau I
33,49 20,26*
71,69 18,87 99,93 94,73*
1,53*
Miu 2 88,22*
8,86**
77,37 13,79 99,23 5,57
Miu 3 44,78 10,46**
70,85 16,97 99,87 2,49
-
Miu 4 29,48 25,38***
77,62 14,36 99,82 1.25
-
Ghi chu:
a/Miu dupc thur nghiem trong dieu kien sau:
- Dd im ddng khf: 40%
- Nhiet dd ddng khf: 27°C - Luu lupng ddng khf: 30 Ift/phut b/Ky hieu:
*Ti'm lpc thay thff
**Miu dupc kep b phin bidn
***Miu dupc kep siu vao phin ti'm ipc chfnh c/Miu N- 95:
la miu khiu trang cua Hoa Ky. Theo tidu chuin Hoa ky, ky hieu N- 95 cd nghTa miu dupc thi nghidm b luu lupng ddng khf 95 Ift/phut dat hieu qua lpc Idn hon 95%.
Kfft qua dan ra d bang 4 cho thiy:
- PhSn Idn cac PTBVCQHH luu hanh trdn thi trudmg trong nude cd hieu qua lpc bui thip.
- Kfft ciu cua cic PTBVCQHH dupc luu hanh trffn thj trudng khdng hpp ly. Dieu dd thd hidn d chd li mac du vat lieu lpc bui dupc si dung trong phuong tidn bao ve la loai cd chi't lupng cao song hidu qua bao vd cia toin bd phuang tidn lai rit thip (miu PB- 825, KB-821, FMDL..).
IV. KET LUAN
Thifft bj tao bui rin DG NaCl- 02 tao ddng bui cd nfing dd 6n dinh, thoa man yffu ciu cua tieu chuin Chau Au EN 779: 1993 va EN 143: 1990. Vide si dung thifft hi tao bui rin DG Naa- 02 eho phep ning cao chi't lupng cia cac thifft bj Ipc bui cho phdng sach va kiffm- soil chit lupng cia cic phuong tidn bao vd co quan hd hip Ipc bui, gdp phin bao ve sic khoe ngudi lao ddng vi bao va mdi trudng.
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1. Y. H. Benjamin. K. W. Lee : Am. Imi. Hyg. Assoc. J. p.861. Vol. 36, 1975.
2. Nancy J. Bollinger. Robert H. Schutz. NIOSH guide to industrial respiratory protection, 1987.
3. Encyclopedia of Chemical technology, Inferscieiue Pub., New Yoik, p.457. Vol. 7.
1965.
4. Filtration Efficiency Testing, Ngudn Internet, (http:llwww.tinworks.comltwlfiltestl.htm.)
5. A P Klinienko, Cdc phuang phdp vd thie't hi do ndng do bui. NXB "Hod hgc", Matxca\'a. 1978 (Tie'ng Nga).
6. W. J. Kowalski. W. P Bahnfleth, Filtration of airborne niit roorganisms: Modeling and Prediction, Nguon Internet.
7. R. E. Van Grieken, J. J. La Brecqiie. Trace analysis of environment samples hy X- Ray emission spec troscopy, Trace Anal., p.101-183, 4,1985.
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