Nghien ciiru - Trao doi
Thilc trang quan ly an toan rau, cu, qua sach t r i n thj triTofng Viet Nam hien nay
dutfi goc nhin cua nha quan ly
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RJU cua qua such du
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'Oc ban trong sieu thi
Dgt vin dl
Rau. cD, qua thudc logi thgc phim khdng t h i thilu duge trong hffa dn hing ngdy vd chDng cd vai trd dinh dffdng d^c bidt quan trgng. V l lugng protein vd lipid rau qud khdng so sdnh dupe vdi nhffng thffc phim cd nguon g l c ddng vdt nhffng gid trj chinh cDa rau qud Id d chd chUng cung d p cho eO t h i nhieu chat cd hogt tinh sinh hge. Cde logi vitamin vd chit khodng cd trong rau qud la ede y l u t l vi IffOng rat can eho sff phdt triln cDa trd em, gdp phln phdng chong ede benh nhidm trung, ttm maeh vd Uc ehe sff phat triln khli u dc tinh. Mdt so logi rau qud cd chUa cdc cau tff khdng ddt bien, chong dxy hod, ehffe ndng hogi tff te bao ung thU, kfeh
thfch va tdng cUdng vide sdn xudt khdng the. Rau qud Id nguin dinh dudng d n thilt eho sffc khoi, song nd eung tilm I n nguy cd bj d nhiem hod hge.
Vide d nhiem vi sinh vdt, hod chit dde hgi, kim logi ngng vd thule bdo ve thffe vdt t i n dU trgn rau, dde biet Id rau dn la da dnh hudng trudc mat eung nhU lau dai doi vdi sffc khde cdng dong. Sdn xuat vd cung ffng rau an todn dang Id van d l dffgc cde d p , ngdnh vd edng dong quan tdm.
Ting quan thj trUdng rau, cff, qud sgch Vi$t Nam
Ngudn cung cip rau, cu, qua sgch
Vdi dilu l<idn khi hdu vd tff nhien da dang, Vidt Nam cd Igi
O ThS. PHUONG THANH THANH Gidng viin Dgi hgc Thtfdng mgi Hd Ndi
t h i trong canh tdc vd phdt triln nhilu logi giong rau, qud khdc nhau phuc vg nhu c l u thj trudng trong nUdc vd xuat khiu. Nhffng nam gdn day. kim nggch xult khiu rau qud lidn tgc tdng trudng vd dang hudng dan tdi vide trd thdnh mpt trong nhffng m$t hdng xuat khiu mui nhgn cQa ngdnh ndng nghi$p. Cdc vDng cd di$n tfch tring rau ldn trgn ca nffde Ik Dong bang sdng Cffu Long, Ding bing sdng Hong, Ddng Nam B$
va B i c Trung Bd.
Phdn bo didn tfch rau khdng diu, rau chD y l u tap trung d dong b i n g sdng Hong vd Ding bang sdng Cffu Long tdi 47,91% didn tfch vd 53,82% sdn Iffgng rau cOa cd nude. Ndn ddi khi gdy ra tinh trgng dU thffa rau d vung ndy, nhung Igi thilu hgt, khan hilm rau d vDng khde nhu vung Tdy Bdc vd Nam Trung Bg
Chat tUtfng vd gii d To ehffe mgng Iffdi phdn phii rau an toan ed chit lUdng eao dugc quan tdm ehu y vd da hinh thdnh mgng ludi kinh doanh rau an toan (RAT), tuy nhidn dilm bdn RAT edn phdn bo chUa diu ndn ngudi tidu dung d mdt s6 quan/phudng khd tilp can dU0c vdi nguon RAT. Tidu chuan chit lugng khdng cd quy djnh eg thi ehD y l u dffa vdo eac chffng ch?
3 8 Tdi nguydn vd Mdi trudng | Kyi-Thing 5/2017
vd danh tilng cDa nhd eung d p de nhdp rau. D l i vdi cae iogi rau an Id d l dnh hUdng thuic BVTV cdc edng ty eung d p suit dn phdi mua tgi dja eh? ttn c$y, ed gidy chffng nhdn rau an todn; d l i vdi ede logi rau cD, qud ed vd nhff bf xanh, khoai tay, cd rot, susu,...
cd the mua cDa ngffdi bdn Id tgi cdc ehd. Tidu ehuin ede log! rau eung d p cho ede kdnh phdn phil hidn dgi Id cdc logi rau dffOe sdn xult tgi cdc ed sd cd chffng nhdn dD dilu kidn sdn xuat rau an todn, ed chffng nhgn VietGAP. Gid bdn cde logi rau eung logi tgi sigu thj thudng cao hdn cae ch0 truyln thing gan k l sigu thj tff 30%- 100%. Gid cdc logi rau cijng logi bdn tai cde cffa hdng rau eao hdn cdc chg truyln thing gdn k l sidu thj tff 10%-30%.
Khung chmh sach, phdp lugt v l v$ sinh an toan 6 Vi^t Nam d l i vdi rau, cD, qud sgch
Quy chuin chinh cd liin quan din an toin thtfc pham (ANTP) dii vdi rau, cO, qua.
Khung ehfnh sdch, phap ludt ve ve sinh ANTP d l i vdi rau cu qud d Viet Nam dugc quy djnh trong cdc ndi dung cDa Ludt ATTP ndm 2010, ban hdnh ngdy 17/6/2010. Duge Bd Y t l vd Bd NN&PTNT quy djnh trong cdc quy chuin rigng.
Cdc hogt dgng thtfc thi phip lugt vi ANTP
Theo bdo cdo cDa Cgc Qudn ly ehdt lugng Ndng Ldm sdn vd ThDy sdn v l ttnh hinh thi hdnh phdp ludt v l ATTP d l i vdi chuoi sdn phim rau, cD, qud, ehe thi trong cdc nam 2012, 2013 vd 2014 Cgc dd triln khai mdt s l hoat ddng sau:
T l chffc nhieu hoat ddng tuygn truyln v l an todn d l i vdi rau. cD, qud va che nhU: Hdi nghj;
hdi thdo; tap huln; td rdi; bdng rdn; s l tay hUdng d i n ; phdng sff;
tai ligu... v l ANTP, trong dd bao g i m cd rau, cD, qud.
Ndm 2013 l l y 1000 m l u rau qud d edng dogn sdn xult vd kinh doanh d 10 tinh, thdnh p h i trgng dilm trdn phgm vi ed nUde. trong dd cd 800 mdu rau vd 200 mdu qud (cam vd nho) phdn tfch du iugng thule bdo vd thffc v^t (18 hogt chit BVTV) vd kim logi ndng (chi).
Trien khai xdy dung md hinh kilm sodt ANTP rau qud chd theo chudi (tring trgt, thu gom. sd e h l , e h l biln, ddng gdi, bdo qudn, van ehuyin vd phdn phii tidu thg sdn pham).
Ndm 2014 trien khai 10 md hinh rau tgi ede ttnh: Hod Binh, Hd Nam, Ninh Binh, Bae Giang, VTnh Phue, HUng Ygn, Sdn La;
Dak Llk, Qudng Nam, Khdnh Hod; TP. Ho Chf Minh, Tien Giang; 01 md hinh qud (Ninh thudn); 03 md hinh ehe tgi Thdi Nguydn, Phu Thg, Ldm Dong.
Nam 2015: Tilp tyc h i trg mpt so tfnh trgn cd nUde xay dffng 01 md hinh chuoi rau mdi vd hodn thidn 9 md hinh rau, qud, che tU md hinh dd dugc trien khai nam 2014.
Ndm 2014, Bd NN&PTNT da ban hanh Quylt djnh s6 2998/QD- BNN-TT v l hudng d i n thgc hien cdc tidu chf cDa GAP cd bdn tren Cd sd h i trg cDa dg dn JICA. Ddy duge coi nhuiamdtbudc khdi dau giup phln Idn ndng ddn Viet Nam ed t h i thgc hidn dp dgng Thgc hdnh ndng nghidp td't trong sdn xult cdy tring an toan hudng tdi
ttij trudng ti&u ttig trong nU6c. GAP CO bdn da dUdc don gidn h d bing vide Iffa chpn nhffng tidu chf cd bdn nhit cDa tidu chuin VietGap hidn hdnh (26 tidu chf trong 65 tigu chf cDa VietGap).
Bd NNPTNT dd dUdc giao qudn ly dg dn xdy dgng vd kilm sodt chit IUdng ndng sdn thuc phim (FAPQDCP) trong ttidi gian 5 ndm (2009-2014) do Chfnh phD Canada thdng qua cd quan phdt triln quic t l Canada (CIOA) d l hd tro tdi chfnh vd ky thudt Mgc ttdu cDa FAPQDCP Id hd trg cdi thign chit lugng ANTP vd khd ndng tiep edn thj trudng cDa hg thing sdn xult ndng sdn thffc phim thdng qua vide tdng eUdng ndng lUc qudn ly, dp dgng quy trinh sdn xult vd che biln t i t . gidm sdt vd md rdng thj trudng ndng sdn thuc phim. Trong khudn kho du dn eung da t l chffc bidn sogn vd ban hdnh dffdc tdi lidu " S l tay hffdng ddn dp dgng VietGAP/GMPs cho chudi sdn xudt, kinh doanh rau qud tuoi".
Bdn cgnh dd vdo thdng 5/2014 Bd TU phdp ed quylt djnh 1108/QD-BTP ban hdnh k l hogeh theo ddi ttnh hinh thffc thi phdp ludt v l ANTP theo chudi sdn pham rau, cD, qud vd chg nhdm gdp phln bdo vg sffc khde cdng dong.
Kit ludn vd kien nghj Trong thdi gian vffa qua Chfnh phu vd cdc ed quan qudn ly chuygn ngdnh da ban hdnh nhilu vdn bdn phdp ludt lidn quan d i n ANTP. Bdn cgnh dd, cdn cd sff hd trg eDa rdt nhieu dff dn qud'c t l nhU: JICA, CIDA, MUTRAP... M|ic dD vdy, v i n d l ANTP ndi chung vd an toan dli vdi rau, cD, qud ndi ridng vdn edn Id v i n de nan gidi, Tdi nguyen vg Mdl tru-dng | K^l-Tiling S/Z017 3 g
ddi hdi phdi kidn tri thUc hidn cde gidi phdp m|t edeh dong bd vd phdi xdc djnh ddy la trdch nhidm cDa t i t d mgi ngffdi trong xa hdi tff ngffdi tidu dDng. kinh doanh, che biln, sdn xult d i n cdc nhd khoa hpc, t l chffc, d d n the vd cde d p ehfnh quyin.
D l thffe hidn t i t ANTP d l i vdl sdn phim rau, cD, qud xin kiln nghj cde bdn cd lidn quan mdt s l ndi dung sau:
Ddi vdi cd quan quin 1^
Quy hogch eae vung trong rau qud vd ed chfnh sach h i trg eho ngudi tham gia sdn xult trong chuoi gid trj rau, cD. qud; d i u tu cho cdng tdc nghidn cffu ndng cao chit Iffdng vd an todn trong ITnh vffc sdn xult, c h l biln vd kinh doanh rau, cD, qud; tgo hdnh lang phdp ly thudn lgi cho ngudi sdn xult vd kinh doanh rau. cD.
qud vd d|ic bigt Id rau. cD qud xudt khau.
Hoan thign hd thing van bdn QPPL v l ANTP, triln khai hieu qud Ludt ANTP trong cudc sing.
Ndng eao ndng Iffc ehuydn mdn vd nghidp vg cho lgc Iffqng thanh tra ehuygn ngdnh ANTP de dD sffc thffe hidn nhidm vy, xff ly nghigm minh doi vdi cdc hanh vi vi phgm ed lidn quan. Thffe hien vide kiem sodt chdt che cde ddu vdo trong san xult rau, cD, qud nhff phdn bdn; thuoc bdo ve thffc vdt... nham ngdn chan dnh hffdng trong sdn xudt vd sau thu hogch.
DUa v i n de ANTP vdo ndi dung gido due trong cdc trudng hpe ngay tff d p tieu hgc de xay dffng y thffe tidu dung ngay tff nhd v l ANTP va vide lua ehpn thffc pham an toan.
Cae ed quan qudn \)f chffc
nang ed bign phap tuydn truyln, hudng ddn vd dua vdo dp dgng ed hieu qud ede vdn bdn ed lidn quan den ANTP trong chuoi gid trj tff sdn xult, sd e h l , kinh doanh vd sff dgng cdc logi rau, cD.qud.
Cd bidn phdp thdng tin kjp thdi eho ngffdi ttdu dDng cdc v i n d l lidn quan d i n ANTP di chD ddng phdng trdnh vd xff 1^ trong nhffng tinh hulng cg t h i ; t l chffc t i t vigc sdn xult rau, cD. qud an todn theo quy trinh GAP va tiln hdnh nghidm tUe vide chffng nhdn rau, cD, qud dat chit Iffpng, an todn theo quy trinh GAP de djnh hudng eho ngudi tidu dDng trong vide Iffa ehpn mua thffc phim an todn.
Xdy dffng hd thing kilm sodt chit lugng. an todn rau, cD, qud tff khdu trong trpt, thu mua tgi ede ehd d i u m l i den cdc sidu thj, trung tdm thUdng mgi vd cae cffa hdng rau an toan.
T l chffc tot he thing cdc cffa hdng bdn rau an todn vd trd thdnh dja chftin cdy cDa ngffdi tidu dDng trong vide iffa chpn mua rau, cD, qud cho cdc hffa dn trong gia dinh.
Tgo dieu kidn vd giao cho to chffc ngffdi tieu dDng tham gia gidm sat cdc vdn de lidn quan d i n sdn xudt vd kinh doanh rau, cD, qud an todn vd tuyen truyln ANTP cho edng ding trong xa hdi.
Dii vdi cd sd san xuat vd kinh doanh, phin phoi rau
Cdng bo edng khai thdng tin ve cde logi rau. cD qud do minh sdn xult, kinh doanh tren bao bi ddng gdi, trdn cdc phffdng tien thdng tin.
Chip hanh nghiem ede quy dinh v l dieu kien ANTP dd'i vdi
cd sd sdn xult vd kinh doanh rau.
cD qud.
Xdy dffng cdc chu5i lidn kit tff ngUdi ndng ddn, ngUdi thu mua d i n hd thing cung ffng nhff cdc eh<?, sieu thj, cffa hdng cung d p rau, cD, qud.
Dii vdi ngtfdi tiiu dung Hinh thdnh thdi quen ttm hiiu nguin g l c sdn p h i m ; hdng hda, d$c bidt Id sdn p h i m tUdi song nhu rau, cD, qud. thjt.
Tff trang bj kien thUc ed bdn v l nh|in biet ede sdn pham tUdi.
ngon, d^e trung eDa cdc vDng, miln d l lua ehpn, mua dDng.
LUa chgn dja dilm mua rau, cu, qud ddng tin cdy vd ed th^
truy xuat dugc nguon g l c cDa nd cung d p rau, cD, qud.
Xdy dung thdi quen nau chfn ede logi rau, cD, qud. Hgn chl vide dn rau sing khi khdng thdy ddm bao an toan. Trong trUdng hop phdi dn rau, qud song thi rdt luu y vide rffa rau, qud ky dudi vol nude vdi thdi gian d n thilt.
TAI L l | U THAM KHAO 1. Bdo do tinh hinh thi hdnh phdp luat vS ATTP dii vdi chudi sdn phim rau, cO, qud, chi cua Cyc qudn ly chit iugng ndng lam sdn vd thDy sdn- Bd NN&PTNT.
2. Luat Bdo vi quyin lgi ngudi tieu ddng.
3. Bdo do nghidn cUu thi trudng rau tgi Viit Nam cDa T l chffc FAG Viet Nam.
4. Ludt An todn thtfc phim.
5. Dtf dn xdy dtfng vd kiim sodt chit lugng ndng sdn thtfc phim - CIDA.
6. Dtfdn "Ndng cao ndng Itfc qudn ly ngdnh trdng trgt nhim cdi thidn sdn tupng vd chit lugng sdn phim dy trdng"- JICA.B 4 0 Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tru'dng | Kyi-Thing 5/2017