Nghidn cufu - Trao dSi
Thirc trang nhu cau siir dung dat san xuat lam nghiep cua dong bao dan tpc thieu so
tai huyen Quang Ninh, tlnh Quang Binh
O NGUYEN TC( BUC Sd Tii nguySn vi Mdi tridng tfnh Quing Binh
Q
uang Binh li mgt trong nhOng dia phuang co di$n tich dat lam nghiep rit ldn, dong bio dan tgc thieu sd(DTTS) khi ddng va song chu yeu di/a vao rimg. Tuy nhien, dien tich dit lim nghi$p du^c giao cho ddng bao DTTS i diy vin cdn hgn chi, chua dip ing dufc nhu ciu si di/ng dat cia ngudi din de bao dam on dinh ^n xuit, ning cao ddi song.N$l dung
Thi/c trgng dit dai vung dong bao din tgc thiiu so tren dia bin huyin Quing Ninh
D&\ di s^n xu^t, canh tac cCia ngudi DTTS trSn d|a ban huyen Qu^ng Ninh tap trung chil y^u tai cac xa Trudng Sdn v^
Trudng Xuan. Ndi co dieu i<i§n dja hinh doi niii, d6c cao, vi§c c6 dU0c met dien tich nhd bang phang de sinh song, tr6ng hoa
mau cho ngUdi DTTS ndi dfty rat khd l(han. Chinh vl vSy, dat iam nghiep la ioai dgt chinh cho ngUdi DTTS thi,(c hien san xuSt, canh tac. Xuit phat til diiu liien tV nhian va t$p quan canh tac, dat sSn xuat iam nghiep 6 day rat manh mun, phan tan, viec sCf dyng dat san xuat khong tap trung va thieu hiau qua do qua trlnh khai hoang, canh tac cOa ngudi dan van cdn mang tfnh tU phat, cac san pham cay trong
duoc thu hoach con chgy tiieo nhu cSu cCia thj trudng.
Hai xa Tmdng XuSn vS Trudng Sdn la nhuing d|a phuong CO dien tfeh dat rSt idn, vdi tdng dien tich tU nhien: 93.607,15 tia, chiem 78 % dien tich dat tU ntiiln cua huySn Quing Ninh, d^o bl8l, xa Trudng Sdn la: 77.961,58 lia, chiSm hon 65%. Vdi dac tha dien tich dat iam nghi#p cOa hai xa chiem tr6n 85% di§n tich dattV nhien, vl vay, day ia di^u ki§r
Bang 1. ca ciu cic logi dit nim 2015 Lo^dat
Dien tich tu xihiSn 1. Dit ndng nghiep 2. Dit phi nong nghiq) 3. Dat chua su dung
Xa Tiuong Som Di£ntich
(ha) 77.961,58 75.418,50 704,35 1.838,73
Tyle(%)
100 96,74 0,90 2,36
Xa Tiucmg Xuan Dien tich
(ha) 15.645.57 13.607,86 1.452,28 585,43
T^ le (%)
100 86,96 9,30 3,74
Huyen Quang Ninh Dien tich
(ha) 119.418,20 109.215,97 6.917,40 3.284,83
Tyle (%)
100 91,45 5,80 2,75 Nguin: Sd Tii nguyen vi mdi trudng Quang Binh)
2 2 Tai nguydn yg Mdi tru'dng | Kjf2-Ihangft/Ml6
:huan ldi 6i d6ng bao DTTS dUdc
•lep ean va tham gia phat trien kinh t^ thong qua viae trong rUng ket hdp v6i khoanh nuoi bao ve va ii\ sinh rCfng. Tuy nhiSn, hien nay difen tieh dat lam nghiep tren dja oan dang dUdc sCf dgng va quSn jly bdi nhieu d6i tupng khae nhau, sy the theo Bang 1.
Qua so lieu hhng th6ng k§
bho thay phan ldn di§n tich dat lam nghiep thupe quyen sil dgng eua cac cd quan, ddn vj, to ehQc nha nU6e, trong do tai xa TrUdng Sdn chiem tU 38-58,5% t6ng dien tich dat iam nghiep dupe giao sis dung, dSe biet tai xa TrUdng Xuan dat cae to chUe su nghi§p cdng lap chi^m 76,8,5%. Trai lai, dat iam nghiep dUpc giao cho hp gia dinh, ca nhan d xa TrUdng Sdn chi^m 2,46%, xa Trudng Xuan 17,3%
Bdi§n tfeh dcit lam nghiep dupe giao s& dung. Trong khi do, quy dat lam ijnghiep do UBND xa qulin ly chl ijChiem 7,36% tong dien tieh dat
•lam nghi§p tai xa Trudng Sdn va j6,4% tai xa TrUdng Xuan.
Qua do, phSn anh dupc thge trang hien nay ngUdi dan ndi day dang nhan dupe rat it dien tich dat lam nghiep, eung nhU eP hdi de dupc tiep c^n vdi dat lam nghiap d^ phge vy cho shn xu^t cung rat khd khan. Ngupc lai, dien tfeh dat iam nghiep chu yeu tap trung tai cac to ehUc kinh t^ nha nUdc, edng ty iam nghidp, ndng lam trudng, viee danh gia sii dgng d^t hieu qua hay khdng den nay v i n dang trd thanh v^n d^ khd khan eho cac nha quSn ly.
Nhu cau sd dpng dat cua ding bio dan tpc thieu sd
Theo s6 liSu di^u tra eua eae dja phUdng d^n nam 2016, t6ng dan s6 cua hai xa Trudng Sdn va Trudng Xuan cd 7.160 ngudi, trong dd, ngudi DTTS 3.518 ngudi, ehiem gan 50% tong dan so. Dieu dang quan tam la ngUdi DTTS noi day sinh sd'ng chCi yeu dua vao rUng, d^t iam nghiep la tu lidu sSn xuat ehfnh de hp ton tai va phat then. Tuy nhien, didn tich dat lam nghidp cho ngudi
DTTS SLf dyng r^t han chd', hien nay, thieu dat la van de kha nghidm trong dd'i vdi ngUdi DTTS tai day. Theo k^t qua di^u tra thyc dia tai cac dia phUdng tren vao thang 3/2016 cho th^y, nhu c l u ve giao dat trong rdng s&n xua't cDa d6ng bao DTTS nhU sau:
Trong so' 125 hd gia dinh dupe di^u tra deu ed nhu eau dupe giao them d^t de trdng rdng s^n xuit (ehiem 100 %) vdi dien tfeh la 497 ha, cy t h i : Tai xa TrUdng Xuin van edn 31 hd DTTS co nhu eSu dupe giao them dit d l tr6ng rdng san xuit vdi 94 ha, xa Trudng Sdn cdn 94 hd DTTS cd nhu c l u dupc giao thdm dat de trong rdng skn xuit vdi 403 ha. NhU vay ed the thiy, hidn nay viec trong rdng dang la xu hUdng ph6 bien cung nhu la nhu eau d p thid't cua dong bao DTTS tai 2 xa tren. Qua phong vin hg dupe thge hien dau nam 2016 da eho thay nhu cau ve phat trien san xuat nhu (Bang 3):
Hau het ngUdi dan deu cd nhu eau dupe eip thdm dat sSn
B^ng 2. Thong ki dit lim nghiip theo chu sO dung vi quan ly tpi 2 xa nghiin cOu nim 2015
Xa
Tniomg Scm Trucmg
Xuan
Dien tich dit theo doi tuong sii dung (ha)
Tdng so
69.349,38
12.320,83 H6GB, c a n h i n (GDC)
1.710,81
2.140,13 To chiic
kinh te (TKT)
26.423,19
717,26 To chiic su nghiep
cong lap (TSN)
40.576,11
9.463,45 Cong dong dan cu va Co sdr ton
giio (CDS) 639,26
0
Dien tich dat theo doi tuong giao de quin ly (ha) Tong so
5.509,80
842,08 Cpng dong dan
cu va to chiic khac
(TKQ)
0
0
UBND cipxa (UBQ)
5.509,80
842,08 NguSn: Sd Tii nguyin vi mdi trOdng Quang Binh)
Tai nguyen VQ Moi trudng [ Ky 2-TO^ng 6/2016 2 3
Bdng 3. Nhu ciu can dupc hd trp diphit trien sin xuat cOa ding bio DTTS
V i n d e Xin duoc cap tuong thuc Xin du?c cap thgm dit san xuat Xincipgi&ng
Xin cip von Nuoc tuoi Nudc sach
So h$ de xnat 46 112 97 103 26 26
Ty le(%) 36,8 97,6 77,6 82,4 20,8 20,8 (Nguon: Ting hpp vi thing ke tU phiiu dieu tra, 2016) xuit, chiem den 97,6 % sd hd
dupe phdng v i n va la nhu eau cap thid't hPn so vdi eae nhu clu cdn lai. Cd den 82,4 % sd hd xin dupc c i p vdn va 77,6 % ho xin dupc d p gidng, cae d6i tupng nay da dii dit de san xuit, nhUng do di^u kidn kinh te khd khan nen khdng ed di:i vdn d l d l u tu trdn dit iam nghidp dupe giao, vi vay hp ein dupe ho trp vdn d l phat triln shn xuit lam nghidp. TJf Id hp gia dinh DTTS xin dupc d p luong thge kha eao 36,8%, s6 lieu dd phan anh d i t iam nghidp ed tac ddng rit ldn den ddi song va bao d&m an ninh iUdng thuc cua ddng bao DTTS ndi day.
Qua trinh nghien cdu eho thay, nguydn nhan khid'n nhu d u ve dit rdng san xuit cua cac hd gia dinh ngudi DTTS tang eao Id do hien trang dien tfeh d i t iam nghidp gianh eho hd gia dinh rat ft. Bdn eanh dd, dit iam nghidp thudc quyln quSn ly cua UBND xa la quy dat d l giao thdm cho hd gia dinh, ea nhan eung rit han ehl. Bdi le, phan Idn didn tfeh dit ldm nghidp dang thudc quyen sLf dyng, quan ly eua eae ddn vj, t l ChUc nha nudc va to chdc kinh te trdn dja ban. Mac dij da cd nhieu
chfnh saeh d l Nha nudc thu hdi nhijfng didn tfeh d i t sil dyng khdng hieu quit eda cac edng ty, ndng iam trudng giao ve eho dja phUdng phye vy giao cho hd gia dinh ca nhan, dac bidt la dong bao DTTS, nhUng phin Idn cac phin dien tfeh trdn thudng xa khu dan cu, dja hinh hilm trd, khd eanh tac ndn viee thge thi ehfnh sach ve giao dit iam nghidp gap nhilu khd khan.
K^t luan
Nhu d u d l ed dit san xuit, nang eao ddi song ci!ia dong bao DTTS la mpt nhu eau ehfnh dang, phu hpp vdi cac eh^ trUdng eCia DSng, chfnh sach ci^ia Nha nudc. Tuy nhien, vide bSo d&m cap du didn tfeh dit, ra soat dung ddi tupng giao d i t van chUa dap dng dupe yeu d u cCia thue tidn, cdng tie giao d i t va eap GCN- QSDB iam nghiep eho ddng bao DTTS dupc thue hien vdi didn tich cdn han che.
D l giai quyet dUpc van d l thilu dat san xuit iam nghidp eua ngudi dan ndi ehung va ddng bao DTTS ndi rieng, ma viin bao dam dupe vin d l on djnh xa hdi, mdi trudng sinh thai. Mdt trong nhOng
nhiem vy quan trpng la sg ctti ddng vao cudc mdt each nhani chdng cda chfnh quyen dii phUdng de tid'n hanh giao d l t i ^ nghiep cho hd gia dinh, ea nhli cd nhu cau ddi vdi nhOng di^r tfeh dat do UBND xa dang quJr ly va eae t l chdc kinh t l , nflnj iam trudng trS lal, bao dim phi hpp quy hoach, nham tranh cSc hidn tupng khai hoang, lln chi^m d i t lam nghi$p trii phep.
6^0 dam cdng tac giao ii\
iam nghidp cho ddng bao DTTSg phd hpp vdi chCt truong cda Ddng va Nha nudc, phu hpp vdi nguydn vpng cda nhan ddn. Qua do, ai ngudi DTTS d vdng khd khan cj dupe tu lieu skn xuit, ehu (36ng canh tae nang eao ddi sing, gfip phin phdt triln KT-XH, giQ vQng an ninh - qudc phdng d vungxa, vung bien gidi eda dit nudc.
D l thUe hidn chfnh sach giao d i t ldm nghidp cho ngudi DTTS hieu qua, phd hpp vdi dieu kien thuc tien la mot nhidm vy vd cDng kho khan, ddi hdi phk'i co sij nghien edu, kh&o sat ky IUdng dja ban thyc hidn. Thdi gian qua, cdng tac giao d i t lam nghidp cho ngudi DTTS d day v i n cdn bflc 10 mdt sd ton tai, han ehe lam M hudng ehfnh sdeh, chu trUdng ldn cda Dang, Nhd nUde doi vdl ngi/ffi DTTS. V) vay, d n Idng gh^p, thUe hien ddng thdi cac giai pliap mang ti'nh then chd't ve chfnfi saeh, thj trudng va qu&n ly.
Vdi su phan tfeh, danh gidvS nhu cau sd dyng dat san xuit ISm nghidp eua ddng bao DTTS s6 gdp phin giup chfnh quyen dja phUdng, cac cP quan cd thlrn quyln lien quan thge hien totcSo chfnh saeh eua Dkng va Nhi nude ddi vdi ngudi DTTS trln dja ban nghien edu ndi rieng va tlnh Quang Binh ndi ehung.a 2 4 Tai nguydn vg Mdi tru-ong | W2-Than94J2016