B/U Bio KHOA HOC
THirC TRAtVG NIAT CAN BANG CHlfC NANG CK l! VAN B O N G VIEN C^U LONG TRUNG TAM flAO TAO VAN flONG VIEN
TRIfifNG BAI HOC THE DUC THE THAO B'AC NINH
O i n h Thj Mai Anh*
Tdm t i t :
M^t cdn bing chirc ndng ca \i bieu hi$n hinh thdi chi>c ndng ca t h i do nhi6u dnh h u ^ g khdc nhau cua \\rf?ng vdn dOng. cua nhiiu chdn thuwig cdp vd man Unh. Vi vdy vi$c nghidn ciru di/a ra cdc cdch ddnh gid nhmig bidu hidn mdt cdn bdng chirc ndng co- Id v6 ciing cdn thidt. tir dd cd khd ndng ddnh gid lmh hogt mdc dd anh hudfng cua tirpng vdn dOng tdp luy$n khdng dfii xi>ng tdn co thd vdn dOng vidn (VDV) nhdm mpc dich ndng cao thdnh t(ch thd thao vd phdng ngira chdn thuang.
bdnh cho vdn ddng vidn.
Td khda: Mdt cdn bdng chCrc ndng ca.vdn dOng vidn, lu-png vdn ddng khdng d6i xu-ng, Tning tdm Odo tgo Vdn dOng vidn, Tn/dng Ogi hpc TDTT Bdc Nmh...
Food Imbalanced muscte function In athletes Bridge Training Center athletes Bac Ninh Sports University
Summary:
Imbalance in musde hinction is the function expression patterns of many different influences of the amount of movement, of many acute and chronic injuries. So the researchers made the assessment of the expression imbalance of muscle function is essential, since it is capable of evaluatmg the impact flexible movement of the amount of exercise on muscle asymmetry athletes (swimmers) aims to improve athletic performance and injury prevention, and treatment for athletes.
Keywords: Loss of balance bodily functions, athletes, athletes volume asymmetry. Training Centre Athletes, College Sports Bac Ninh ...
qua mirc k6o ddi ldm tich luy cac vi chan thuang, xuat hicn logn dudng te bdo cyc bp vd bien ddi cau Inic cdc md, dan den sai lech kha ndng sinh ly ciia chiing. Doi vdi the thao thdnh tich cao. de dgt dupe sy thich nghi cao nhat trong dicu kicn hogt dpng cdng thdng cyc dgi ca ve the chat tan tinh than thi vipc danh gid mat can bdng he co can dupe tien hanh nhu Id mpl trong nhihig npi dung quan trpng trong qud Irinh dao tgo VDV (Trcrmyt K.D.. 1994).
PHl/(]NG P H A P N G H | £ N CIJTU
De ddnh gia thye trgng mat can bdng chirc ndng ca ciia VDV Cau Idng, trong qud trinh nghicn ctru chiing tdi dd su dyng cdc phuang DAT VA'N OE
M.II can bdng chirc ndng co trong the thao, CM the trong mdn Cau long la qud unnh bien doi thich nghi cdn thict, giiip bp mdy van dpng ctia
\ ' D \ ' thich img vdi lupng \ a" dony chuyen mdn khimv. ddi ximg eudng dp cao. Tuy \ay, cdc ca
\.i nhdm ca dudi anh huong lau dai ciia lupng vgn dvny khdng doi ximg ludn ndm a trgng thai cdng thdng qua muc, dan den gia tdng cac sai Ipch \c chue ndng. la nguyen nhdn lam phat trien qua trinh ihoai hda, gidm dan tinh mo co
\ a kha ndng chirc ndng ciia ehiing (Shoyleva D . 1986). Trong thdi gian hogt dpng cudng dp cao cua \ D V bien dp hogt dpng d ede khdp dgt cxfc
dai la do sv cdng gian qud muc cua cac md, phdp nghien ciru sau: Phdn lich long hpp tdi liyu.
thudng dan den cac \ i chan thuang khdng chi d phong vdn tog dam, quan sdt su phgm, ki6m tra ea ma cdn d bp may gan khdp day chdng. Theo y hpc vd todn hpc thdng kc. Trong phuang phap Mirano\a Z S (1976) do trgng thdi cdng thdng ki^m tra y hpc. chiing tdi dd sir d^ing mpt so
*TS. Tnjimg Dai hpc TDTT Bdc Ninh
WflTmVHmWUirfflnETW0-SflBACBlgT/2t14 phuong phdp nhu: Cac teat ddnh gia trang thai
chire ndng ca, phep do ngudi. quan sal dang lung, danh gid chi sd l\rc nhdm ca bdng dp ke Stabilizer, thi^ bj do truong \\fc co, thi^t bj phan dch thanh phdn co the vd thdm van cam giac chii quan cua VDV sau lap luyen va thi dau.
K^T QUA NGHIEN CllfU VA BAN L U A N Nghien cim dupe tien hdnh trcn 15 VD\' Cau long (11 nam, 4 nir) lira tudi tir 13 - 17, cd thdm nien tgp luycn 4 - 7 ndm va day deu la nhimg NTlV' ludn dgt dupe nhirng thanh tich cao trong cac gidi tre toan qudc vd tham gia thi ddu trung bioh 4 - 6 tan. 1 ndm.
1. Oanh gia t h ^ tr^ng thdnh ph^n c c thS tren phan tfch thdnh ph4n ciiu t n i c CO t h ^ vd huydt dp
Phan tich thanh phan ca the cho phep md ra khd ndng ddnh gta va dieu chinh nhimg bien ddi
\ e chat va lupng cac chi so thanh phiin ca the trong qua trinh tgp Iuyen. \'iec ddnh gid khdi lupng md (KL M) va khoi lupng ca mem (KLC) cua moi chi dtxa ra khdi niem \ e svr bien ddi hinh thai ca the. Ket qua thvrc trgng thanh phdn cdc chi dupe trinh bay d bang 1.
Bdng 1. D$c di4m chi s6 thdnh phdn cdc chi ciia VOV Cdu Idng (n=15)
Cdc cbi Gidi tfnh
K L M (kg)
T(M±o) KT(M±o) MCD(%)
KLC (kg)
T(M±o) KT(M±o) MCD(%) Chi tren Nam 0.55^0.3 0,59±{).4 6.77 3,35±I,2 3,27±I.l 2.39
Nu 0,64±0.2 0,69±0.5 7.25 2.59=1.1 2,5I±I,5 3.09 Chi dirdi Nam 1,67±0.6 l.6S:r0.4 0.59 S94rt.6 8.89±1.5 0,56
Nii: 1,96±0.7 1,97±0.6 0,51 7,05±1.3 Ghi chu: T - M n
Tir bdng 1 cho thdy: He so MCD ciia chi tren cao han chi dudi d tat cd cdc chi sd, bieu hicn mat can doi hon cd Id chi so KLM \a KLC chi tren. Mat can doi chi dudi bieu hien rat it. K L M tay thugn ludn thdp hon K L M tay khong thugn vd KLC ta\ thugn ludn cao han KLC tay khong thugn d ca nam vd nir. Dieu ndy chiing td anh hudng ciia lupng vgn dpng khdng doi ximg Idu dai Idm phi dgi nhdm ca tay thugn, tir do tdm bien ddi vd gia tdng mat can ddi giira hai phan ca the. Doi chieu tat ea cac chi sd thanh phan ea the cho thay he sd MC D chi tren d \ D \ Cdu ldng cao han dang k^- so vdi nhirng ngudi khdng luycn tgp the dye the thao.
2. Odnh gid bi4u hi^n chi so hinh thai hpc cdc chi
D^ ddnh gid nhihig bieu hien chi sd hinh thai bpc cac chi. dc tdi sir dyng phuang phdp nhdn trie do chu N I. dp dai ta\ vd ciian ben thuan va khdng thugn eiia \ D \ cau ldng. ket qua du^rc trinh bay d bang 2.
KC-t qua bang 2 cho i h j \ Chi sd nhdn trdc bpc cac chi dd xac nhgn svr mat can doi trong phai tricn co bdp cua \ ' D \ cAu Idng d ca nam
7.01±1,1 0,58 I Ihu$n. KT - Bdn kh6ng ihu^n, MCD - H$ s6 mdt dn Oil
vi nU, cy the: He so MCD ciia chi trcn cao hon chi dudi, bieu hien han cd Id he so \ K () d m vi
\ong cdng ta\ deu cao a ca 2 nhom (nam 5.74"...
nu 4.57''o) vd chu vi vdng cdnh tay d nam cao ban nir (nam 4,61%. nU 2,35%). He so mat can ddi chi dirdi hau nhu bieu hien rat it d cd 2 nhdm. Da\ deu la nhimg bien doi dicn hinh dirdi anh hudng cua lupng \ an dpng khdng ddi xiJmg trong mdn Cdu long.
3. Odnh gia khd ndng co dudi c a trong yen tinh
Tir ket qua danh gid bieu hien hinh thai vd tlianh phdn cdc chi cho thdy svr MCD bieu hicn rd net han cd d chi tren, chi dudi hau nhu khdng xuat hien, % i ^ ay de tai tien hdnh cac thu nghicm ddnh gia trgng tai chirc ndng ede co vd nhdm ca phan tren ca the cho V D V Cau Idng thco l^iroTig phdp ciia Tp^BC.i.i H CHMOIIC (2005) va
^iHiia B. (2010). V i dy de ddnh gid khd ndng co duoi CO trong > en iTnh ciia co lam dau cdnh la\
ngudi dupe kiem tra trong tu the ng6i hodc dimg, hai tay duoi thdng gia cao ddu. Ncu ca tam ddu canh tay khong bj co hit thi mdt trong ciia canh tay phdi chgm tdi tai (tieu chuan = 0
Bang 2. Bieu hi^n chi so hinh thai hpc cdc chi cua VOV CAu I6ng (cm, n=15)
T T
1 2 3 4 5 6
C^c chi so hinh thai
Chu \ i vony canh la%
Chu vi vong cang lay Chu \ i vong dill Chu \ i vong cang chan Dai las
Dai chan A
Nam ( n = I I ) T
(M±0) 24.73±2.6 24.56=2.5 54.-5=5.1 36.56=3.3
"5.48=6.2 95,25=2.1
KT (M±0) 23.69=2.9 23.15=3.1 54.26±4.7 36,09±2.9
•'4,69i5.5 95.14=1.9
M C D
(%)
4,61 5,74 0,89 1,28 1.05 0,12
N i r ( n ' 4 1 T
(M±o) 24,25=1,1
2 3 i l . O 54,76±4.1 35.75±1,9 70,25=2.3 90,75=2.3
k l (M±Ol 23.6S=1.2 2I.95i 1.4 54.31 = 3.9 35.46=2.5 69.25=2,5 90,55±2.l
M C D
2.35 4 . 5 - 0.S2 (l.SI 1.42 0.22
Bang 3. Ket qua test kiem tra va nhdm co* phan tren
kha nang co dudi co* trong ydn tinh cua co*
c v the cua VDV Cdu I6ng (cm, n=15)
T T Cac car va nhom cff T (M±o) KT (M±a) M C D
(%)
Tieu chuan (cm) Nam (11)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ca tam dau canh tay Ca lung rpng Ca den la Ca ngvc to Ca lung rpng \ a dcnia Nhom c a dai vai
5.97=2,1 11,18=3.5 6,44=1.3 7,11=2.1 9,76=2,3 23,78=2,2
2,06=1.3 0.32±1,2 3,02±l.9 0,75±1,4 3,07±1.5 3,08±1,9
65,49 97,14 53.11 S9,45 68,55 87,05
0 0 4 0 0 0 Nir (4)
7 S 9 10 11 12
Ca tam dau canh (ay Ca lung rpng C a den ta C a ngvc to Ca lung rpng \ a dcnia Nhom CO dai V ai
4,55:2.1 S.04±3,5 3.63=1.3 3.09=2.1 5.75=2,3 14.32±2,2
2,67±1,3 0,21±1,2 2,15±1,9 0,56±1,4 2,81±1,5 2,57±1,9
41,32 97,39 40,77 81,87 51,13 82.05
0 0 4 0 0 0 cm), cdn neu khong chgm tdi thi do khoang each
tir mcp ngodi tai den m$t trong cdnh tay vd ddy la khoang each danh gid sy co nit ciia ca. Kdt qua ddnh gia khd ndng co duoi ca trong yen tinh cua \ ' D \ Cau Idng dupe trinh bay d bang 3.
Tu ket qud bdng 7> cho thay: He so mat can ddi bieu hien rat ro net giiia cdc c$p ca ddi ximg ciia phdn tren co the, ddc biet MCD rd net nhdt d cdc CO lung rpng, co ngvc to \a nhdm co dai vai I hi* sd MCD co lung rpng d nam la 97,14" o, nu la 97.39«o. ca ngyc to d nam la 89.45"^, d nU Id S1 .S""" o. nhdm ca dai vai d nam Id 87,05%, nir Id 82.05%). Dieu nay Id do thuc te hogt dpng d$c thu trong mdn cdu Idng. dae bict Id dpng tdc dgp cau doi hdi vgn tdc va cdng suat tam viec
ca toi da. He so MCD d cdc co lam dau cdnh tay vd ca Denta ciing tdng cao (he s6 MCD ca tam ddu canh tay d nam la ri.s.4')"„. nir Id 4t,32%;
CO Denta d nam la 53.11%, nu td 40,77",,).
Ngodi ra, bdng 3 cflng cho thay, hp s6 MCD giira cdc cdp ca ddi ximg d nam cao han nu*.
Dieu nay chimg td lupng van dpng chuyen mdn cang Idn thi he so mat cdn ddi cang cao.
Nhu vgy, thdng qua cdc test kicm tra trgng thai chirc ndng ca cho thay, cdc ca Tam diiu cdnh tay, CO Lung rpng, ca Dcnia. co Ngyc to vd nhdm ca dai vai ciia ben thudn dcu ndm d trgng thdi CO nit. chung id cdc ca vd nhdm co ndy khdng c6 kha ndng hoi phyc hodn lodn sau ldp hj>cn va thi dau. Tat ca nhirng dicu ndy ldm gia
MTMHimmilTHIlflHM - St BAC BltT/20U ting t r ^ g thai c^g thing qua muc bQ may vjn
dpng. cimg vdi d}c thu vjn dong mon Cau long thi cac yeu to nay cang tro nen nguy hiem. de dJn den chan thuang khi chai.
4. Ket qud quan sat d i n g limg Bang 4. Ket qua quan sdt dang
Tir ket qua danh gia s^r co riit cua cac cap ca doi xung phan tren ca the, de tai tien hanh quan sat dang lung nhim danh gia nhimg anh huong ciia ho9t dpng ca bip len cpt song a \'D\' cau long. Ket qua dupe trinh ba\ a banti 4 lung cua VOV C4u ldng (n=15)
Cioi tinh
Nam (11) Nu(4)
Tong
Sai l^h tir the Lung irffn
0 0 0
Lirag gu 2 1 3
Lirng phang 7 1 8 11 (7333%)
Cong v ^ cpt song
"C* thuan
1 0 1
-c-
nghich
T
2 4
"S"
thujn 1 0 1
".S" nnhich 0 0 0 6 (40%)
TiJr ket qua bang 4 cho thay: Cd sy bien dgng rat Idn \ c hinh thai vd cau tnic giai phau cpt s^ng ciia V D \ ' Cau Idng. Quan sat dang lung cho 15 \ ' D \ ' cau Idng, trong dd cd 11 \ D \ ' bj sai lech tu the. chiem 73.33% \a lung phdng chiem uu the; cong veo cpt song co 6 \ ' D \ ' . chiem 40" o va cong veo dgng **C" nghich chiem uu the. Dicu nay clurnL^ td sy co nit lau dai cua cdc CO va nhdm ca phdn tren ca the dan den sy bicn dgng hinh thai va cau tnic xuang cpt sdng.
Da\ Id t> do vi sao d VDV Cdu long thudng xuat hien cam gidc dau a vimg vai \i that limg sau tap Iuyen vd thi dau ddi ngay.
5. Ket qud ddnh gid 1 ^ nhdm c c bdng dp ki "Stabilizer"
Chiing ldi sir dyng dp ki- "Stabilizer" di- danh gid lyx; cac nhom ca lung. ngvc. dgng dui.
kfa^p diii nhdm xac djnh sy xuat hien va mirc dp mat can bdng lue ca giiia hai ben co ihc Vi dy: D^ ddnh gid l^c nhdm co limg tren ngudi dupe du ndm ngira. I t3\ dpc than, tay cdn Igi dua sang ngang. khuyu ta\ gap 1 gdc 90 dp.
Ddt gdi dp kc \'di dp suat 20 mmHg dudi khuyu tay. Thco khau lenh ciia ky thugt MCH. ngudi dupe do an khuyu ta> mpt lyc tdi da xudng gdi dp kc. MOI nhdm ca thye hicn 3 lan gang sue toi da \ a la> ket qua trung binh. Kel qua cy the dui,'e trinh bdy d bang ?
K^i qua bang 5 cho thay: Chi so lyc cac nbdm ca ddi ximg cflng khdc nhau. trong dd MCD nbdm ca phdn trcn cao han phdn dudi d ca nam va nir He so MCD eao hon ca d nhdm
CO ngvc \ a nhdm co lung giira, vi nhdm ca na>
lam nhicm vy dn dinh eoi song va luon thye hipn lupng vgn dpng Idn hem ca, chiing tham gia thye hipn phdn Idn cdc dpng lac ddc thii trong mdn cau Idng. Chinh sy phdt trien b.it hpp ty ciia nhdm ea nay Idm xuat hipn cae chiing dau lung.
gia tdng sai Ipch tu the \ a eong veo cpt sdng, lau dai lam giam siit thanh tich the thao vd thgm chi phai iieini;j i,*ip lusen vlnh\ien.
6. Ket qua danh gid t r i r v n g l^c c c Dd ddnh gia tnrong lyc co ciia tay vd chdn dc tdi img dyng thiet bi do truong lyc co eua X'lpn khoj hpc vd cdng nghe TDTT Trudng Dgi hpc TDTT Bac Smb. Danh gid truong lyc co cho thdy sy khdc biC't giira ben thugn vd ben khong thuan. kcl qua dupe irinh bay a bang 6.
Tir ket qua bang 6 eho thdy: Mat can doi tnrang lyc co giira ben thugn \ a khdng thugn bieu hipn r5 net hon ca d phan lay ciia ea nam
\a nir. Mat can ddi truong lyc ca tay a nam la 22.34''o. d nir Id 32.91" <i Mdi cdn ddi iruang lyc ca chdn bieu hipn rat ii. Dieu nay chung to tupng vgn dpng khdng doi xiing lau dai chu y ^ lam bien dot hinh thai vd chiic ndng cua phdn tren co the. cdn phan dudi bicu hipn rat it.
7. Ket qua p h d n g vdn c d m gidc chCi quan cua VDV sau tap luy^n vd thi d^u
Tbdng iJu-i imoiij -..ui irvc iicp \ ' t ) \ ' cdu tdng chung tdi thay rdng sau cac trgn dau cdng thdng vd lu>en tgp vdi cudng do cao \ ' D \ thudng xuat hipn cdm giae dau ddn, bieu hicn ban cd la dau viing \ a i . ngvc ben thugn vd viing
BAI BAD KHOA HOC
M^t c3n b i n g c c n i n g
\i hi$n tif9>ng ph6 bi^n x i y ra v(r\ c i c VOV Cliu
I6ng (Anh minh h(?a) 1 B i n g 5. Ket q u i d i n h g i i 1^^: nh6m c a b i n g i p ki "Stabilizer"
cua VDV C i u I6ng (mmHg, n=1S)
TT
1 2 3 4 5
Nhdm Cff
Nhom CO lung tren Nhom CO lung gi&a Nhoin CO ngvc Nhom cad^ngdili Nhom CO khep diii
Nam ( n = l l ) T (M±o)
111.81±10,1 140.W:11,1 101.06^7,5 I09,56±6,3 132,55±IO,7
KT (Mid) 97,58±8,9 120.56±11,3
«9,69±6,9 108,97±4,7 I32,07±12,9
MCD
(%)
12,73 14,31 11,25 0,54 0,36
Nir (n=4) T(M±a) 102.74^8,4 127,13±12,5 100,63±9,8 104.01 i5.2 124,13--11,7
KT (M±n) 93,38±8,5 I12,05±13,7
84,25±5,1 103,81i6,l 12.1,9Hil2,l
MCD
(%)
9,12 11.54 16,28 0,19 0.12 B i n g 6. Ket q u i d i n h g i i t r u v n g l i ^ co* cua VDV Ciu I6ng (kg, n=1S)
TT
1 2
Nhom Cff
Truong \ifc co tay Tnrong \ifc ca chan
Nam ( n = l l ) T(M±o)
2.'!.5r2.«
37.88--1.9 KT (M±o) l«,25£3.l .16.0114,1
M< 1)
(%)
22.14 4,94
Nir(n=4) 1 IMIOI 19,75*3,4 }4.H7z52
KT (Mtol I 3 . 2 . v ; ' . 32,85.4,8
M( 1)
(%)
32,91 5,79
IM IHC H I M I u n a TIIIIIW*
Bing 7. Ket q u i phong vin cim giic chu quan ciia VOV Ciu I6ng sau tfp luyfn v i t h l ( ] i u ( n = 1 5 )
Cam giic cbu quan Dau vimg co Dau viuig ngvic Dau vimg thit limg Dau vung vai Dau \'img khuyu tay Dau viing co tay Dau \'ung ch$u diii Dau vimg dui Dau viing goi Dau vimg cing chan Dau \ijng CO chan
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
T KT
Thirirag xuyen
0
.?
0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Thinh thoang
t
6 3 3 7 7 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 1
-)
1
Rat hiem 4 4 7 6 2
•>
-)
4 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 4
Khong bao gidr
9
-1
5 6 2 3 11 8 11 10 12 9 10 10 11 7 10 10 11 10 10 ihdt Iimg ben khony thugn (cdc co dn dinh thdt
lung) d ca nam \a nir. Dieu ndy chung td sy co nit ciia cdc co \ a nhdm co ben thugn ldm gia tdng cam gidc dau ddn cho VDV sau lgp luypn va thi ddu cudng dp cao. Ket qua dupe trinh bdy
I' Kin^- ' . KET LUAN
1. Lupng vgn dpng khdng ddi ximg trong thdi gian ddi la nguyen nhan lam bien doi hinh thai \ a chirc ndng cdc co vd nhdm co phan tren CO the cua \T)\' cau Idng. phdn dudi bieu hipn mat can ddi rat it
2. Miit cdn bdng chue ndng co a \ D\' edu ldng gdp phdn gia tdng trgng thdi cdng thdng qua mirc sau tgp luypn vd thi ddu. Id nguyen nhan dan den chan thuang vd bpnh. dnh budng tr\rc ti^p len cpt sdng. ga\ ra cdc cam gidc dau ddn cho \ n \
(Bdi nop ngiy 24/10/2014. phan bi^n
TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
1. Bcmshtc\n N A (2001), Tuyen tgp cdc cdng trinh nghien eiru ve sinh ca vd dieu khien hgc. - M : SportAcademiPress, 295 tr.
2. Martirosov l:.(j . Nhikolaiev D.V.
Rudnhev S.G. (2006), Ky thugt vd phmmg phdp .xdc djnh ihdnh phdn ca the ngudri. M.: N;i> ka.
:4S tr.
3. Stepanov \.S. (2000), "Can ddi - mdt edn ddi" edu true chuyen dpng. - SPb.: GAFK im.
PF. Lesgafta. A tr
-1 Trermyl KD. (1W4). Phep hifn chimg cdn ddi vd mdi edn doi trong hge ihuyel hudn luy^n the ihao /.^Ly lugn vd thuc hdnh TDTT, \ "
8.-Tr. 29-32.
5 L'\ba \ , \ ' (2011), Kim chi nam olimpic ve y hgc the ihao. - M : Praktika, 671 tr.
ngay 31/10/2014, duypt in ngdy 25/11/2014)
