TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020
KI^U THANH QUe Vai NHU'NG CONG TRJNH RA Dai TRONG THOI GIAN Bj QUAN THUC O C A N THO
HUYNH THj LAN PHU-QNG' NGUY6N VAN Nif~
Kiiu Thanh Que li nhi phe binh. nghien cuu van hoc tieu bleu a Nam Be vao nhirng nim diu the ky XX. 6ng li mot ngudi yeu nu&c, tirng tham gia cic hopt ddhg ciru nu&e. ed thii dp cam ghet cuang quyen vi tung bj quin thuc tai Cin Tha. Cin Tha da tra thinh viing dit nang in tinh vdi dng. Tren xir sa Cim Thi.
trong nhO'ng ngay bj chinh quyen duang th&i thee doi. kim kep dng da dat dwgc nhidu thinh tuu treng su nghiep cim but. Dit. ngudi Cin Tha da Iwu dau in trong dc cdng trinh nghien ciru cua dng.
NhO'ng cdng trinh, bai bae ra d&i trong thdi gian Kieu Thanh Que a Cin Tha da thi hi$n tim Idng, tai nang cOa mot ngu&i say me van hoc, miet mai cdng hien vi sy nghidp phit trien van hda din tdc. Tuy van cdn dau dd han che nhit djnh, nhung cic cdng trinh iy van du de chirng minh th&i gian a Cin Tha li thdi gian Kieu Thanh Qui viet sung su'C nhit va ed nhieu ddng gdp cho su nghipp nghien ciru, phe binh & buoi binh minh cua van hpc qudc ngCr.
Tirkhda: Kilu Thanh Que, Tay Dd vdn doan, quan thuc, van hpc quic ngy Nhdn bii ngiy: 12/12/2019; dua vio bien tip: 15/12/2019; phan bipn: 20/1/2020;
duy$tding: 15/3/2020
1 . D I ! I T V A N D 6 bao chi phii du. Ddi khi ngydi ta cd Phe binh, khao cdu, nghien cdu van "^^"9 sang kiln, di nhdng bydc tien hpc la nhdng hoat ddng khdng t h i Pli°"3 'ao bao, nhyng md thidu tiem thilu trang lich sd phdt triln van hoc Idc a gidi vidt eung nhy giai dpc de cua moi q u i c gia tren t h i gidi. Van ""°' d^^^S '^^° '•^^"^^ P'"°"9 *'^° ^^^^
hoc Vidt Nam khdng ngoai Id. Vdo thdi t°a ra todn qudc" (Pham The Ngu ky d l u cua van hoe hien' dai. Nam Bd 1965; 629), Kidu Thanh Que da xuat di tidn phong trong ITnh vyc sdng tae ^''^" "'"^ "^^t ngdi sao sang eua van nhyng chya cd thanh tyu cao v l '"'>'= ^^"^ Bd. Ong trd thanh "nha phe nghien cdu, phe binh van hoc. Trang " ' " ^ van hoc hiem ed cua Nam Bd bli canh van hoe Nam Bd bi cho la; (Hoai Anh, 2001; 923-939). Sy nghiPp
"thydng ch! nd ra be mat, tren mdt v i l t van cua Kieu Thanh Que song hanh eiing nhdng bien thien eua ljch s y dan tdc, ed nhdng khue quanh Tnrdng Bpi hpc Cin Tho. nhyng da Ien d y a c dinh cao. Ong trd
HUYNH THI LAN PHUONG . NGUYEN v A N N O - K l g U W f f l - ^ ' ^ thanh ngydi 'cd cdng doi vdi s y phdt
triln cua phe binh vdn hpc Viet Nam d l u t h i ky XX" (Nguyin Hyu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009: 3).
2. ca DUYEN v a i C A N T H a VA TAM TAI CUA Kieu THANH QUE
"Hpdn canh vd phong tho dao tao ndn mpt thien tdi", mpt tieu d l trong '77?/
hie Tagore" cua Kilu Thanh Que cd ghi nhy t h i . Dung nhy vpy. Khdng chi vdi trydng hpp ciia Tagore, md cdn Id cOa nhilu ngydi. Bilt ring chya t h i ndi Kilu Thanh Q u i Id thien tdi nhyng v l n phai thda nhan nang lye ngdi but eua dng. Hoan canh, mdi trydng khdch quan cung da tdc ddng nhilu den sy thdnh dng cua Kilu Thanh Q u i . Bj cydng bdc xulng Cdn Tha, song trong vdng quan thilc ciia chinh quyen Phdp, phai chang da lam ndn mpt "hoan canh" dae biet! O l t vd ngydi C i n Tha da giiip dng phdt trien van tdi. Nhyng "hat gilng" y tydng da gap "phong t h i " thich hap, nhanh chdng nay m I m , t d dd tao nen nhilu cdng trinh cd ddng gdp Idn cho van hpc Nam Bp. Can Tha vdi cudc ddi e l m bilt ciia Kilu Thanh Q u i chae hIn r l t nhilu dn tinh, ky niem khd phai, la nai da dem Ipi cho dng "thdi ky vilt sung sdc nhlt trong quang ddi sdng tao ngin ngiii cua minh"
(Nguyen Hyu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009: 3).
2.1. "Duyen t i n h " ciJa d i t vd n g y d i Cdn T h a ddi v d i K i l u Thanh Q u i
Cin Tha gao tring nude trong Ai di din dd Idng khdng m •
Cau ca dao quen thuoc l y , theo thai gian da di vao tdm thdc ngydi Viet, nhy chdo mdi, vdy gpi nhdng ai chya tdng d i n vOng d i t nay. Chae han, C i n Tha cd sdc mdi gpi Idn, md cung r l t bilt lyu tinh. Va nam 1940, Kieu Thanh Q u i da d i n , nhyng khong vi nhu c l u de dyac khdm phd ve dpp sdng nyde m i l n Tay, hay tim cam hdng sdng tac. Ong da bj nhd cliTi quyen Phdp cyang bdc d i n day, phai chju sy quan thuc gat gao ciia ke thii.
Vdn sinh trydng trong mpt gia dinh giau idng yeu nyde, cd nhieu ngydi tham gia cdu nyde, d Bd Rja - Vung Tau, ban than dng ciing tdng tham gia cae to chdc ydu nyde trong thdi gian hpc d Sal Gdn. Tuoi tre, tinh cyang tryc, ndi b i t binh v l nhdng chuyen phi ly trong xa hpi da d i n dng den chd xieh mich vdi ten s i p eha ngydi An, qudc tjch Phdp, khiln nhd chdc trach dyang thdi phai tim cdch doi phd.
Ndo ngd dd lai la cai "duyen", dya day dng d i n vdi ddt va ngydi Can Tha.
Cai "duyen" b i t dac dT l y lai tao nen nhdng ky niem dep, nhyng I n typng sau sac trong cudc ddi v i l t van cua dng.
Nhyng nam d l u ciia thap nien 40, d t h i ky tryde, khdng khi chinh trj c6 nhieu phdc tap nhyng lai ham n6ng d y p c y thdc ddn tpc d t i n g Idp tri thdc Viet Nam, trong do c6 tri thdc Nam Bd, dpc biet la nhdng ngydi cam biiL Hp xdng xdo lao vao nhieu hopt ddng van hda, xa hdi, mudn gdp ^{j,^
cho sy phat triln van hda dan tdc vl
TI>P CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020
Nhilu sinh hoat vdn hda, van hpc dien ra treng thdi gian nay, nhy t u l n id triln lam sdch bdo d Sal Gdn, nam 1942, do nha sdch Nguyin Khdnh Dam t l chdc, cd binh chpn 10 quyin sdch quoc van ed gia tri n h l t (Nhe giie ciia T r i n Trpng Kim d y a c x i p hpng nhlt, Truyin Kieu ddng thd hai).
Bdo Tri Tin to chdc thi v l s d khao.
Giai nhlt thude v l Tran Van Hai vdi bdi Lanh s y Vidt Nam a Sil Gdn.
Sinh hopt vdn hpe d Nam Bp lue dd trd ndn khdi s i c . O l y la nhd s y he tra, khich lp cOa cdc hpi Khuyin hpe.
Nhyng t l chdc mang tinh chinh quy, hpp phdp thdi b i y gid ed chdc nang dieu hdnh nhilu sinh hoat van hda.
Ddng chii y Id nhdng ngydi ddng dau cua t l chdc l y thydng quan tam d i n hopt dpng vdn hpe nghd thudt. Hp inong muln 1dm gl dd d l thiic d l y van hpc nyde nha phdt triln manh. Hdi Khuyin hpc trung yang, d y d i s y d i l u hdnh Ciia giac s y Opdn Quang T i n , tree giai thydng cho sdng tdc van chyang hang nam. O l u nam 1942 cd phdt glal va glal nhat ddnh eho t i l u thuylt Chdng eon ciia Tran Tieu.
Nhilu le ky nipm v l cac nhd tha Idn nhy Nguyen Du, Nguydn Oinh Chieu dypc to chdc long trpng, trong tinh cam dpt ddo, mang d i n eho mpi ngydi nhdng n l l m xuc ddng khd ta.
Khdng khi van chyang, hpe thuat sdi nli l y lan tda xuong tan C i n Tha. X d sd dd, vdi ddng sdng Hau h i l n hda, da nudi dydng d y a c bao tam hdn tha, ren due nen nhilu cay biit van tai ndng. Hpi Khuyin hpc Cdn Tha da
xuat hien trong thdi gian nay. Day Id mdt to chdc tap hpp dyac nhieu tri thdc ndng tinh vdi que hyang, chdn tdm vdi van hpc nyde nhd vd cd trdch nhiem Idn vdi van hda dan tpc. Theo ngudn t y lipu t d Nam Pheng tpp ehl, s l 141, thdng 8/1929, bull d l u , hpi chi la hpl hpc, hpl vidn dypc 20 ngydi.
v l spu, t d khi bdc sT Le Vdn Ngdn lam Hdi trydng, sd hpi vien tdng Idn dypc 123 ngydi. Hdi da quy tg dypc nhilg ngydi tdi nang nhy gido sy Nggydn Vdn Kilt (tdc Tay Dd cdt sT), Tryc Thdn, Le Ddng Cdn, hpa sT Nggyen Vdn Mydi... Hpl dd lpp nhdm Tdy 0 6 vdn dpdn cd sy tham gia ciia cdc thdnh vidn nhy T l Phang (tdc ThuIn Phong), Khudng Vidt, True Oinh. Nam 1941, nhdm da t l chdc quyen tien xay md eg Thu khoa NghTa d Binh Thuy (Cin Tha), to chdc giai thydng Thu khoa NghTa. Ngdy 24/6/1944 phdt gidi thydng hang nhlt cho tdc phlm Ddng que ciia Phi Vdn va truydn Nim ngwdi thanh nien ciia Nguyen Ngpc Tan.
Thdi gian bj quan thuc d C i n Tha, Kilu Thanh Q u i ed t h i bde b l i vl hoan canh bj ke thii o ep, nhyng ddy la thdi d i l m dng dyac sdng vdi khdng khi eua "sy trdi day eua van hpc mien Nam" (Pham T h i Ngu 1965; 629).
Ong da khdng ddng ngoai cudc cdc phong trao. Ong id thdnh vien ciia Tay Bd van dodn. Thdng ngdy "nhdn ha b i t d i e d f (td diing cua Bang Giang 1974: 177) d C i n Tha dd dya dng den vdi nhyng cudc dien kiln, lam quen, rdi thdn thiet vdi nhieu tri thdc, hpc gia Tdy Dd. Gido s y Nguydn Van
HUYNH TH! LAN PHlfONG - Kiet, cung Id thdnh vien cua nhom TSy Do van Joan, la mpt trong nhCrng ngifffl hd trp" ong die Iyc, giup 6ng nh^p cupc vai nhifng sinh hoat van hpc sot noi a Can The b i y gio. Song trong vong kiem soat g^t gao cua ke thu. khong the nao yeu nwcrc b^ng cac hoat dpng chinh tri, cung nhu- nhieu nha yeu nu-oc khac cung thai, 6ng quay sang hogt dpng van hoa, hpc thuat, luon doi theo tho'i sy van hpc nyffc nha.
Tay Do vSn doan tao nhieu thuan Ip-i de ngdi but cua ong tha si>c. Tai nang Kieu Thanh Que du'pc phat ti§t manh nhlt v^o luc ndy. Ong trd- thanh cpng t^c vien Nam Bp noi bat nhat cua bao Tri Tin cung ti> thcfi gian do. Den nhu- Phgm The Ngu, mpt ngyai it co nhOng danh gia cao ve van tipc Nam Bo, nhat la van hpc trong buoi dau hinh thanh van hpc quoc ngu", con phai thot Ien ring: "ngay ti> nam 1941, mien Nam da cung cap cho Tap chi Tri Tin nhyng cay but khao luan xuat sic: Le Thp Xuan, To Phang, Ki§u Thanh Que" (Pham Th& Ngu, 1965:
630). Noi dieu nay vi Pham Th& Ngu tirng nhgn dinh. "Gia Dinh la dat mdi.
Dan chung vCra thu-a it, vCra chu'a du'pc thuan nhat. Luong cay Nho gia chu'a dao xdi du'pc sau thi ngu'd'i Phdp den. Sy sang tac van hpc, sy u'a chudng van chu-ang, sy trdng trot thi van d day chu'a cd truy§n thdng sau xa, nen kem tidm Iyc, kem kha nang...
Quoc van do do trong nhieu nam ve sau d' Nam Ky chi bay to trong hinh thLcc bao chl pho thdng, vo'i -
thdc khd l u t r T h o p e d tac phlm tieu thuylt cho mpt cdng ehiing h? Idu ae ddi Nhdng ngydi thdc gia I.U am d i n q u i c van sau dd lpi phai q ^ a y r a miln B l c d l ddn tilp hhdng sang tae mdi cung nhy phong trao van hpc mdi" (Pham T h i Ngu, 1965: 85). Song gida nhdng ngay thdng Nam Bd khai s l e heat ddng van hpe, thdi gian a Cdn Tha cd Id cung la nhyng ngay Kilu Thanh Q u i phln chan, hao hdng nhat, tran ngap nllm tin vdo^tyang lai ciia van hpc nyde nhd. Oe roi sau dd, khi nhin lai, tong k i t thdnh tyu dd dpt, Kilu Thanh Q u i vui sydng reo idn tren bao Tri Tin, so Xuan Gidp Than:
"That la nhdng b y d c dau kha quan, nhdng ngdy tdi cd the d l y hda hen xan lan" (ddn theo Pham T h i NgO 1965; 631). Nhdng ngdy bj quan thiic, mdi bydc chan d l u ed mat thdm theo ddi, nhyng hinh nhy, s y k i l m tda cua ke thu khdng lam tdt d y a c ngpn Ida dam me nghien cdu trong K i l u Thanh Q u i . Nang na van chyang t d tryde, cd san mpt tdm long vdi n l n van hda, van hpc nyde nhd, d y a c s y hd trp' Ciia bao ban be than quen, dac biet id nhdm Van dean Tdy Od, d i n C i n Tha, K i l u Thanh Q u i nhy "Tdi dng thIt ma", d y a c tan dgng nhilu ca hpl.
Ngydi cung cap t y lieu quy, ed ca t y lieu t d nyde ngodi mang ve, theo B l n g Giang dd la Tdy Od Cdt ST, tdc giao s y Nguyen Van Kilt. Ong dd cho Kilu Thanh Q u i m y p n t i t ea tai lipu nyde ngoai v i l t v l Tagore, ddng thdi eung Id ngydi chd che, bao bpc trong
. \ • • ' ' " d e n
TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020 Cin Tha, Kieu Thanh Que phai d trp nhd ngydi quen, nhieu bat tien, v l t va. Ong On Van Hy, 1dm vide tai Ty Y t l C i n Tha, h i l u rd hoan canh ciia Kilu Thanh Q u i , cam kich chdng thanh nien khi khdi, da dya dng ve nha a, de dypc rpng rai thpal mdi han.
o l t , ngydi Can Tha h i l n hda, chdn tinh, khdng ehi chd che md cdn hd trp, kich thich tdi ndng ciing n l l m dam md eua Kilu Thanh Q u i . Tdi ndng vd niem dam me l y ed idn mai trong hodn canh k h l c nghlet nhlt, bdi s y kilm kpp Ciia ke thii. O l roi, vda thoat khdi sy quan thiic, v l Sal Gdn, nd da nhanh chdng k i t thdnh "hoa trdi". Kilu Thanh Q u i dyac x u l t ban lien tge cac cdng trinh Idn, mang tinh chuyen sdu nhy: Cupc tidn hda van hoe Vipt Nam (1943), Thi hao Tagore (1943), Hpc (/luylf Freud (1943)... Ridng Thi hie Tagore dypc bilt chae c h i n la da v i l t tpi Can Tha nhyng Ien Sai Gdn, nam 1943 dng mdi cho xult ban.
An tinh vdi ngydi C i n Tha rat sdu ddm. Tdc p h l m Thi hio Tagore dyac ky ten Nguydn Van Hai. D y a c bilt id tdn con trai cua vj an nhan da cyu itiang tac gia trong thdi gian sdng canh cd chau chim idng (Tay 0 6 cat sT Nguyin Van Kilt). Nguydn Van Hai cung Id ngydi giup Kilu Thanh Q u i rlt nhilu trong vipc djch cae tdi lieu v l Tagore. Day cd t h i col id mdn qua tri dn vd gia danh eho ngydi nghTa. Bdi Thi hio Tagore da d y a c Kilu Thanh Qui dgng cdng nghien cdg. Nhdng ddng chy d y a c tgdn ra t d trai tim trdn day tinh cam yeg thyang, men mp
nha dpi thi hdo Tagore, ngydi duy nhlt d An Od b i y gid dyac giai Nobel van chyang. Luc Kilu Thanh Q u i d C i n Tha, thi hao Tagore qua ddi (thdng 8/1941). Sy kien dd da khai day cam hdng cho Kilu Thanh Q u i . Thi hao Tagore tdng dypc Mpnh Phan danh gia cao; "Sdch vilt r l t cdng phu va day cdng khao edu; ddng khen. Tae gia da diing mpt phyang phdp rdnh mpch phdn tich tha Tagore d l c l hieu nha dpi thi hdo l y ciia An Op. Nhilu tdi lipu ciia tdc gia phan nhilu chya ai ndi d i n bang Quic vdn.
Tae gia dd dpc dypc nhilu ban djch tha Tagore bang Phdp van nen thydng d i n chdng de ddc gia d l hilu.
That la mdt cuon sdch day cd t h i khiln ddc gia thIu rd tdm hdn huyin bl vd eao ca cua Tagore..." (din theo Nguydn Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009: 23). Thi hio Tagore ciia Kieu Thpnh Q u i qua la mpt ddng gdp ddng ghi nhan trong ljch sd nghien cdu, phe binh, khao cdu iiie bdy gid, nhlt la trdn viing d i t Nam Bp, nai chya co dil thdi gian d l lam ndn b l ddy van hda, truyin thong van hpc. Nai tdng bj col la khdng cd dyac "hodn canh thuan lai cho s y phdt triln cua van hpe, nhlt la van hpc qudc gia", "sy trdng trpt thi van d day chya cd truyin thing sdu xa, nen kem t i l m lye, kem kha ndng"
(Pham T h i Ngu, 1965:85).
Can Tha lyu gid bydc chan Kilu Thanh Q u i khdng qua Iau. Ong bi dya v l day t d nam 1940. O l n cull ndm 1942, dyac m l l n quan thiic, dng idn Sal Gdn. C l n Tha da tao ca hdi t i t d l
HUYNH THI LW PHLTONG - NGUYgN VAN N Q - KliUJH»!iiS!^B:^
-tdm hdn" binh thydng, ma la tdm h I n Idn. Tam h I n cua nhd phd binh tai nang nhilu tdm huylt ciia ngyai tn thdc ydu nyde chan chinh.
2.2. Tam va tdi cua K i l u Thanh Q u i qua nhifng cdng trinh d y a c xuat bdn luc tdc gia d Cdn Tha
Nhy dd trinh bdy d phln trdn, can ed vdo nguIn t y lieu dyac syu t i m vd gidi thieu trong quyin Cupc tien hda vin hpc Viet Nam do Nguydn Hyu San, Phan Manh Hiing bidn scan (Nha xult ban Thanh nidn x u l t ban ndm 2009), bdn canh sy ra ddi cua Thi hio Tagore, cdc chuyen khao khde nhy; Ba muai nam van hpc (1941), Phe binh vin hpc (1942) cQng dyac x u l t ban trong khoang thdi gian Kilu Thanh Q u i d Can Tha. Cd t h i , nhdng tac pham ndi trdn da d y p c viet t d tryde dd nhyng d i n thdi gian nay mdi d y a c x u l t ban. Dii the ndo di Chang nda, thdnh tyu k l tren da d i n vdi Kilu Thanh Q u i luc dang d Can Tha. C h i c c h i n , k i t qua l y da tao ndn nhdng d l u I n ky niem khd phai trong dng, lue sinh thdi, khi nhd ve C l n Tha. Chiing tdi khdng xem day la cdng trinh d y a c ra ddi khi K i l u Thanh Q u i d Can Tha. Chi m u l n n h l e den nhdng thanh tyu md Kilu Thanh Q u i ddn nhan d y g c trong nhyng ngay bj qupn thiic, d l nhdn dd, ban d i n tam vd tai cua dng. Sdng tae tryde, trong hay sau ^khi rdi khdi C l n Tha khdng phai Id y l u t l quan trpng lam ndn tam,
cdi tdm.
dng ap u nhieu y tydng, ddi theo tdng bydc di ciia van hpc nyde nhd. Cdn Tha da cd "duyen", dyac che chd bao bpe ngydi tdi. Vd Kilu Thanh Q u i lai ed "tinh" nen mdi vyang v l n v l C l n Tha. Ngodi trydng hap 77i( hio Tagore. khi cho xult ban Hpc thuydt Freud, nhd x u l t ban Tan Vipt Ha Ndi, ndm 1943, lai mpt l l n nda dng bdy td tinh cam vdi C l n Tha. Ddng cull ciia quyin sdch, dng cd ghi; "Can Tho- BaRIa'. Chi id m i y td ngin ngiii thdi nhyng nd chda dyng bao dilu sdu xa.
C l n Tha dypc d j t ngang vdi Bd Rja Id nai chdn nhau elt ron cua dng. D l u gpch n l i day y nghia nhy muon thay ldi Kilu Thanh Q u i cam an C l n Tha, tri dn C l n Tha. Khdng "sinh" nhyng C l n Tha da "dydng" ca t h i xdc vd tam h I n eon ngydi ydu nyde, nang tinh vdi van chyang. "Nyde trong"
ciia C l n Tha dd lam trdi di mpi bdc b l i do ke thii mang d i n , dya dng v l vdi nllm dam md hoat ddng hpe thudt.
"Gao trdng" C l n Tha tilp sdc cho khat vpng ddng gdp vi sy nghidp van hpc nyde nha. An tinh l y Kilu Thanh Q u i khdng t h i ndo quenl L l y ten mdt ngydi C l n Tha d l ky khi v i l t Thi hio Tagore ch! la tra an ngydi nghTa.
Ghep Chung hai dja danh Canthe- Baria thanh mdt ddng mdi Id k h l c sdu an tinh vdi vung d i t , dd tdng cyu mang dng luc hoan nan. tilp ngudn cam hdng dng trong canh nguy nan.
Diing nhy dilu md C h l Lan Vidn da chiem nghipm; "Khi ta d, ehi la nai d i t d. Khi ta di, dat da hda tdm hdn". Vdi Kilu Thanh Q u i , khdng c • •-_
tdi Ciia K i l u Thanh Q u i . Bdi cdi tdi d y p c t h i hipn xuyen suit trcrig
thi,
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020 chpn mpt vai cdng trinh tieu b i l u , ed nhyng lien hp vdi thdi gian va khdng gian dpc bipt, nhdng ngay thdng sdng tpi c l n Tha, d l cam nhdn ddng gdp qui? bdu eua K i l u Thanh Q u i la chuydn kha dT. Mpt khac, vide Idm nay cdn gdp phan khai rd han d l u I n Cdn Tha trdn nhyng cdng trinh nghien edu vdn hpc cua Kilu Thanh Que.
Duyen, tinh vdi d i t C l n Tha, qua hai trydng hpp trinh bay trcng mge trdn da du d l ghi nhdn. Mdt l l n nda, ed thi khIng djnh ring; d i t va ngydi Cln Tha da tryc t i l p hope gian t i l p ho trp Kilg Thanh Q g l gid d y p c ngpn Ida dam me nghien cdu khdng bj gidn dopn. Cho nen, dii d trong Nam xa xdi, c6 nhilu trd ngai, Kieu Thanh Q u i van cpng tdc d i e Iyc cho bdo Tri Tin (dng bit d l u tham gia bao Tri Tin t d so 23, ngdy 14/11/1941), cd thdm nhilu bdi nghien edu, phd binh, gdp tieng ndi t h i hipn quan d i l m , t y tydng, cdch cam nhpn ve van hpc nyde nha va vdn hpc ciia nhieu nyde khac.
Muon hilu ndi long ngydi nghd sT sang tdc hay di vdo t h i gidi ngdn t d , the gidi hinh typng trong tae pham.
Muln bilt rd tam tinh nhd phd binh hdy b i t dau t d nhyng trang van cua hp. Cung nhy ngydi sang tdc, nha phd binh chan chinh khi e l m but. I t khdng khdi ky ngg tam chi, hoai bao, ude ma. Kilg Thanh Que la nhd phe binh nhy t h i . Nhdng cdng trinh nghidn cdu cOa dng the hien niem say me vdn chyang, say me nghien cdu, tim tdi, nhay ben vdi mpi bidn thien cua van hpc. N l l m say me ed the idm
ndn c h i t tdi hoa eho ngydi cam biit.
Nhyng chinh cdi tdm mdi xui khiln dyac idng nhiet thanh, eing hiln h i t minh eho sy nghidp ehung. Kilu Thanh Q u i dpc r l t nhilu sach, bdo.
T d tha d i n van xudi; t d vdn chyang nghd thuat d i n bdo ehi, bidn khao; t d tdc pham vdn hpc Vidt Nam d i n vdn hpc Trung Quoc, vdn hpc ciia nhilu nyde phyang Tay, ddc bipt id vdn hpc Phdp. Dydng nhy dng khdng muln bd qua mdt tilng ddng nhp ndp trpng tdng bydc di eua vdn hpc nyde nhd.
Khdng chi dpc md Kilu Thanh Q u i edn ed d y a c nhdng cam nhdn tinh t l , nhdng danh gid kha xae thyc. Cdi tdm Ciia dng la cdi tam ciia nha phe binh khdng chi say md ma cdn cd trdch nhiem Idn vdi n l n vdn hpc ddn tpc.
Vdi y thdc trach nhipm, dng mong m u l n |yu gid nhdng thdng tin d l ddi sau cd ca sd nghien edu vdn hpe sd.
Ong da bd nhilu cdng sdc d l idm mdt cudc "tinh s l van hpc", cho ra ddi Sa muai nam vin hoe. vi nghT ring "se khd khan bilt bao nhidu sau ndy cho nhd van hpe sd, n l u dng ta muln tim ma khdng ra mdt ban thing ke vdn hpc q u i c ngd trong vdng ba myai nam nay" (ddn theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 174). Kilu Thanh Q u i cung quan nipm cdi tdm Ciia ngydi e l m but la r l t quan trpng.
Khdng chi doi vdi nhd phd binh, md ca d ngydi sang tae. Theo dng, "khdng ed van tam thdi khdng t h i nao Idm dyac mdt bdi doan thidn tilu thuylt dung dieu va hay dyac, dau cho chuydn cd hay di m i y eung mac" (ddn
HUYNH THI LAN F theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009: 216). Chinh vl t h i , dng ddnh ca mpt p h l n d l u cua chuyen lupn Phe binh vin hoe Se bdn v l "vdn tdm". Vdn tdm ma Kilu Thanh Q u i m u l n n h i n manh d day, xet cho ciing, chinh la trdch nhipm Idn lao cua ngydi d m biit d l i vdi cdng viec minh dang Idm. Vi t h i , ngydi e l m biit can cd du "vdn tdm, vdn hpc vd vdn tdi".
Kilu Thanh Q u i cdn mpng m u l n nhdng cong hiln ciia cdc nhd van dypc ddnh gid dung mye, cdng blng.
Ong ddt ky vpng d nhdng nhd phd binh chdn chinh, mpng mdi hp sd Id ngydi cd du tdi, lye, tdm huylt d l dya cdc nhdn tdi bj lang quen hay bj viii l i p trong djnh kiln, thodt ra khdi bdng t l i , giup hp khIng dinh dyac ddng gdp v l n ed. T i m long ciia dng ludn hydng v l sy thjnh vyang eua nen vdn hpc Vipt Nam. Vi the, thee Kilu Thanh Q u i , nhd phe binh phai gid vai trd hydng dpo vidn, la chit xiic tdc mpnh me, khich I? ngydi sdng tdc.
C i t sac chp n l n van hpc nyde nhd cd nhilu vien ngpc l i p Idnh.
La ngydi chan tam vdi van hpc, Kilu Thanh Q u i r l t lo lang tryde bao bilu hipn x l u , c6 t h i 1dm can trd sy phdt triln chung cua vdn hpc Viet Nam.
Ong di ngai tryde "edi ldi van chyang rydm ra md trIng rdng dang nhidu hai xd ndy" (din theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009; 213). Ong ban khodn, tran trd vl "cdi thdi nhan t u l n nd nhieu hai dydng kia" (ddn theo Nguyen Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 214).
O i l vdi nhdng ngydi nhpy earn yeu edi dep trong cupc slng^co .em dam me c i n g hiln, ehi c l n mdt tieng thd nhp eua cupc ddi cung du lam bp ddy nguIn cam hdng trdo dang. Vai Kilu Thanh Q u i , mpt nhd nghien cyu, phd binh van hpe r l t ed tdm, thi ehi met bydc khe trong chuyen ddng eua vdn hpc eung 1dm dng chii •). quan tam, trdn trd. D l r l i nhanh chdng tra thanh bao d l tdi thilt thyc eho nhdng cdng trinh nghien cdu ddng ghi nhan.
Vi id dd, Chung ta khdng khd \)i giai^tal sao trong mdt thdi gian n g i n , s i n g vdi canh bj quan thiic, xa que nha, doi mat vdi nhieu khd khan, Kieu Thanh Q u i vdn cd t h i viet that nhieu, khai thdc that nhilu v l n d l cua vdn hpc dyang thdi vd tryde dd.
Kilu Thanh Q u i eon ludn y d c ao sach b l n g chd quoc ngd pho bien, d l t i t ca ngydi Viet deu cd t h i dpc dypc.
Ong cung mong m u l n vdn hpe dich phdt triln d l tinh hoa van hpe nyde ngoai d i n vdi ngydi Vipt sdu rpng han, van hpe Vipt Nam phat trien manh han. Ong tin tydng; "Nyde ta sau nay hay d d t h i ndo deu nhd d sdch dich, va sy phien djch nd la ndng e l t kha dT dya van hpc q u i c ngy d i n edi hodn my" (dan theo Nguydn Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 207).
Phe binh eung id mpt hoat dpng t i l p nhan. K i l u Thanh Q u i Id nhd phe binh ed each t i l p nhdn vda tinh t l vda khdch quan. Ong ludn xem xet v l n de cua van hpe trong hoan canh nd ra ddi vd cung b i l t ddng tren quan
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020 hda, d l ddnh gia sao cho cdng b i n g . Ong cho rang: "quan niem v l dep, v l nghp thudt, tiiy mdi thdi dpi, mdi xa hpi, mdi cai khde nhau" (ddn theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 213). Cd le nhd t h i vd ciing vdi cdi tdm thien, K i l u Thanh Q u i thydng cd cdch phd binh r l t dn hda, khdch quan. Bao gid dng cung cd khen che rpch rdi, diing mye. H i l m thIy hien typng ha be, ehi trich ndng n l hay da phd cay nghipt nhy mdt s l nhd phd binh khde tdng Idm. Bdi tham tam dng ludn hydng vao mge dich c g l i eiing Id nghien cdg, phe binh d l dya n l n vdn hpc Vipt Nam d i n s y phat triln mpt cdch hean my. Ddi khi, dng cDng budng ldi trdch mdc; "Ty iyc van doan m i l nam ed phdt giai thydng van chyang khuyin khich nhdn tdi.
Nhyng rat t i l e giai thydng T y lye vdn dodn chi la mpt giai tpng rdng cho cdc loai t i l u thuylt, phdng sy, tho ca, kjch ban, chd chang h i cd t^ng cho mdt tpp vdn nghj luan, khao cdu phe binh ndo! Phpm vi mpt giai thydng van chyang md chat hep nhy thi, thpt dang philn ha lam" (ddn theo Nguyen Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 178). Cung cd l l n , xult phdt t d sy lo ling che edi chung, K i l u Thanh Qui khdng k i l m nen d y a c cam xiic, trd nln cay cd, bye dpc: "trinh dd t h l p kem cua ddc gia nyde ta da g i l t c h i t bao nhieu tpp chi, tuan bao gia tri rdi?"
(din theo Nguydn Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009: 179). Con ngydi npng tinh vdi van chyang va trach nhipm Idn vdi van hda dan tdc ay, l l m liic phai xdt xa tryde t h I t bai ciia bao
ehi Trung Ky; "That Id buIn!" (ddn thep Nguydn Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009: 179). Khdng rieng gl thai gian d Can Tha, md cd cupc ddi ngin ngiii g i n bd vdi s y nghipp nghien edu, phe binh van hpc, Kilu Thanh Q u i dd vui, budn, sydng, k h i eiing vdi nhdng thang tram cua vdn hpc nyde nha.
Tam hdn dng nhy hda nhpp vdo s l phpn ehung ciia van hpe nyde nhd.
Nguyen Du tdng chp ring "chd tdm kia mdi bang ba chd tai", nhyng phai cd til. tim mdi thda. Kilu Thanh Q u i vda ed tdm lai cd tdi. Cai tdi ciia nhd phe binh khdng tdng "hpe nghi"
nhyng lai r l t chuyen nghipp. 0 vdp cdi thdi md hoat ddng phe binh cdn h i t sdc non tre. Nam Bd Ipi Id nai h i l m hoi ngydi dpt chdn vdo dja hpt vda mdi me, vda phdc tap ndy, Kilu Thanh Q u i da r l t vdng bydc trdn hanh trinh gian nan, nhilu thach thdc, chinh Id nhd vao tdi nang nhy la thien bam. Ong nhy mpt tay lai tdi hpa, n l m vdng quy lupt sdng nyde, bilt rd cdch chdo ching. Cho nen dii cd phong ba, van dya thuyin bang bdng lydt sdng, chang h i bilt sa gi ea. Cac cdng trinh nghien cdu eua Kilu Thanh Q u i dd chdng minh dng id mdt nhd phd binh cd kiln thdc uyen bdc. Ong n l m rd van hpc trong vd ngoai nyde. O l nghien cdu thdnh cdng vdn hpc, Kilu Thanh Que edn y thdc trau doi kiln thdc eua nhilu ITnh vyc khac. Nhd t h i , dng r l t am h i l u ljch sd, dia ly, van hda. Ode biet, Kilu Thanh Q u i cd trinh dp ngopi ngd dang ngydng md.
Ong da van dyng tai tinh von ngopi ngd vao vide nghien edu, phe binh.
HUYNH TH! IAN PHLfOMG - NGUY£N VAN N ^ - KlEUTHAnin Nh^t la VO'I cdng trinh Thi hao Tagore.
Ong c6 ky ndng dpc sach rat tot. S y thdng minh, nh^y b^n giup dng dpc nhanh nen tiep can rat nhieu sdch Odng TSy, thdu tdm dung nht/ng gi can thiet de dem ra ban.
Du chya qua tnfdng lap ddo tao, chu'a du'p'c trang bj mdt cdch bdi ban v^ phi/ang phdp nghien ci/u khoa hpc nhu'ng cdc cdng trinh nghien ciru cua Kieu Thanh Que da the hien tinh khca hpc khd cao. Cdc bdi bao cua Kieu Thanh Que thu'd'ng ngdn gpn, di thang vdo v4n de muon ndi, khdng bien giai ddi ddng nhu'ng van cung cap du lu'P'ng thdng tin cho ngu-di dpc tiep nh^n dung v l n de. Cdng trinh Ba miFOi nim vin hoc du du'pc hoan thdnh vdo buoi binh minh cua van hpc quoc ngO, cdng viec bien scan van hpc sir chua cd nhieu thdnh tyu, Kieu Thanh Que v l n cd du-pc cdch trinh bay khoa hpc, rd rang, theo mpt quan diem rieng, phac hpa gu'ang mat mdi cua vdn hpc Viet Nam qua ti>ng the logi. Cach Idm nay, giup ngud'i ddi sau cd the nhgn dipn sy thjnh vugng ho^c ch|m tien cua tCrng the loai.
Dong thdi, hinh dung dupe tinh da dgng. phong phu cua van hpc quoc ngO trong buoi dau mdi hinh thanh.
L^p luan cua Kieu Thanh Que trpng phe binh rat sue tich va chae, ma cung rat sinh ddng, ddn ddt ngud'i dpc di vao sy chu y, cuon hut theo ddi den cung. Van phe binh cua Ki§u Thanh Que gay gpn. mpc mac, chdn tinh.
Mpt net dgc biet Id doan van trong bai bdo hay chuyen khao cua K--" n-sn?!
Q u i thydng r l t ngdn nhyng khdng v t h i md thilu y. Gipng vdn dpc spi Nam Bd nhyng khdng cove que mua, lypm thypm nhy mpt s l tdc gia eung thdi. Kilu Thanh Q u i thich diing t y Hdn Viet vi t h i edu van t y nhien ma v l n trang trpng, mye thydc. Trong diln dpt, dng cd nhdng lien tyang sinh ddng. Bdn ve cdch kdt cau trong doan thidn t i l u thuylt, d l n h i n mpnh tinh chpt chd ciia nd, dng dd cd mpt lien tydng khd thii vj; "Dean thidn t i l u thuylt trpng nhlt d chd k i t c l u . N l u k i t c l u idm sao khi dpc ddt bdi roi ngydi ta mdi thIy manh m l i d l u dudi vd chdng ay manh m i l d l u dudi mdi cdng ngdy cdng td rd them mai, thdi la mpt bdi doan thien t i l u thuylt hay.
Ldm sao cho ngydi dpc cang nhd trd lai eau chuypn, cdng t h I y m i l cau m i l ldi, cd y nghTa tham tram t h I m thia han hoi dyang dpc; cdng t h I y moi cdu mdi ldi d diing vdo cho ciia nd, cdng thIy rut ra cau ndo, ldi nao, thdi bdi khdng edn vdng nda, cung nhy trong mpt cai khung cda vdng nguypt xdy bang gaeh khdng rut dyp'C vien ndo ra ma khdng lam sap khung cda vpy" (ddn theo Nguyen Hdu San Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009; 216). Ngydi dpc thdi nay, t i l p nhan trang vdn cua Kilu Thanh Q u i khdng cam thIy qud xa each, chuydn ndi d t h i ky tryde md cd ngd nhy mdi day.
Ngydi Viet cd edu tuc ngy r l t hay;
"Ngpc linh hay ed ty vet', d ddi khdng ed gl la toan ven eal Thdm ehi ngydi tdi edn de l l m tat. Kilu Thanh Que khdng l l m tpt nhy thdi thydng cua ,-- .. . V - - • - . - ... ... nghien
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 3 (259) 2020 cdu, phe binh cua dng khdng sao trdnh khdi nhdng han c h l . Dpc tdc phlm cija K i l u Thanh Q u i , ta nhy dang dn mpt bdt cam gao mdi tham Idng, b i t chpl chpm phai vdi hat san 11 tl, khiln ta ngpm ngiii tile null. Ngcai cdi vdn phong "cdn khd ludm thudm, cD ky" (Nguyin Thj Thanh Xudn 2004;
358), dng cdn cd nhyng quan nipm, kiln gidi chya ehuIn xdc, t h i hidn s y chii quan n h l t djnh. Trong Ba mugi nim vin hpc. Kilu Thanh Q u i chpn moc thdi gian nam 1914 - 1941 d l tinh sd ba m y a i nam eua van hpc quic ngd trcng b u l l d l u la thilu hpp ly, khdng dya tren mdt ea sd nao mang tinh thuylt phgc. Do vay, cdng trinh nghidn cdg, gidi thieg cua dng chya t h i khdi qudt d y a c ddc tryng cua vdn hpc q u i c ngd trcng chdng ijydng d l u .
Ld mpt cdy biit tieu b i l u nhlt ciia Nam Bd thdi b i y gid, sinh ra, idn Idn va vilt van tren viing d i t ndy nhyng Kilu Thanh Q u i to ra chya tin tydng nhieu vdo van hpe va cdc sinh hcpt vdn hda cua Nam Bp. Ong cdng tdc dac lye cho bdo Tri Tin a Ha Ndi. Trong khi, bdo chi Nam Bp thdi dd phdt triln r l t mpnh. 0 bai phg lgc "Chuydn budn cwoi & ling bio Nam Ky ngiy xua".
Kilu Thanh Q u i tich eye khai thdc mjt trdi ciia gidi bdo chi Nam Bd.
Trong cdi nhin ciia dng, hp r l t thyc dgng, thilu t y cdch ciJa ngydi Idm vdn hda; " h i t cdng kich vj chii but niy, 1^1 chi trich dng dau but kia", d i n mdc
•pheng trap cai Ipn d lang baa Nam KJ b i y gid ngay mdt thdm kjch lipt"
(dan theo Nguydn Hti'u San Phan
Manh Hiing, 2009: 209). Mdt dilu thpt ddng tile, Kilu Thanh Q u i edn gid khcang each khd xa vdi cdng chung.
Ong xem hp la nhyng ngydi it hpc, kem hilu bilt, trinh dp t h l p . Khdng it l l n , trong cac bdi vidt cua minh, Kilu Thanh Q u i eho rang: "trinh dp dpc gia lue b i y gid t h l p kem Idm" (ddn theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009; 208). Vd chinh "trinh dp thlp kem cua ddc gia nyde ta dd gilt c h i t bao nhidu tap chi, tuan bdo gid trj"
(ddn theo Nguydn Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hiing, 2009; 179).
Vdn xudi quoe ngd Nam Bp Id bp phan di tien phong trong qud trinh hidn dpi hda van hpe Viet Nam. Nhilu cay biit t i l u thuylt, truypn ngin d Nam Bd da lam ndn thdnh tyu xult sac treng giai dopn md dydng ciia van hpc quoc ngy. T h i md, dydng nhy chya d y p c Kilu Thanh Q u i ddnh gid cao va ghi nhdn diing mye. Nhat la vai trd di tidn phong ciia van xudi quoc ngd Nam Bd. Khi d l cpp d i n nhdng tdc pham t i l u thuylt quoc ngd trong thdi ky d l u , dng chi bdn d i n Td Tim ciia Hoang Ngpc Phdch. Kilu Thanh Q u i nhdn manh; "Tilu thuylt qudc ngy b i t dau thanh hanh td nam 1924, phdt dat vdc nam 1932" vd
"1924; To Tam ta ddi" (Dan theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Manh Hiing, 2009; 186). Thyc t l , tafdc dd, t d ndm 1910, Nam Bd da xult hien hang loat tieu thuydt, danh d l u giai doan thjnh hdnh cua t i l u thuylt q u i c ngd, nhy;
Hoang To Anh ham oan (1910) cua T r i n Thidn Trung, Ai lam dwgc (1912) ciia Ho Bilu Chanh, Hi Hugng pheng
HUYNH THI LAN PHi/ONG - NGUYgN VAN Nd - KlgUW;jn^i^^^=- Kilu Thanh Q u i dd sdm v l vdi d i t m p . S y r a d i e u a d n g l a n i l m t i l e n u o , Idn laa Vdi tdi ndng l y , tdm chl ay le ra n l n phd binh, nghidn edu vdn hpc Vidt Nam cdn dyac ddn nhdn nhieu odng trinh xult s l e han nda. Mae du thdi gian cing hiln qua ngdn ngui nhyng Kilu Thanh Q u i da cung cap eho nhdng ngydi nghidn cdu ve sau mpt nguon ty lieu van hpe sd vo cung qu^ gid. Gidi nghien cdu hpc d y a c d dng r l t nhilu, ve phyang phdp, cdch lap ludn, cung nhy each e l u true chp mpt bai phe binh. Dac biet, pheng cdch phe binh manh dan, ddt khpaL thing than ma dn c l n , thdnh that va chdn tinh cue dng ludn tao d y p c I n typng dpp trong Idng ngydi dpc.
Nhdng gl Kilu Thanh Que da Idm dyac hdm qua, ngdy nay cdc the he tilp n i l dang ghi nhdn. Dat trong b l i canh nda dau t h i ky XX, nhdng cdng trinh cua K i l u Thanh Que rat ddng ngydng md, tdn vinh. Ong xdng ddng la n l l m t y hao ciia van hpe Nam Bp.
Trpng dd, d i t va ngydi Cdn Tha da ddng gdp It nhilu eho s y phat triln vdn tdi K i l u Thanh Q u i . • nguypt (1912) ciia Le Hodng Myu,
Kim thdi di su - Ba Liu rdng nghd dao tic (1917) cua Biln NgD Nhy, Nghia hipp ky duyin (1920) cua Nguydn Chanh Sit...
Ong ehu tryang phdt trien vdn hpc djch. d l cao cae thdnh tyu van hpc nyde ngodi, n h l m hydng d i n kich thich s y phdt triln vdn hpe nyde nhd.
Dd la t i m Idng ddng ghi nhJn d Kilu Thanh Q u i . Tuy nhidn, ddi khi dng qud d l eao nyde ngydi, lpi cd phln t y ti v l nyde minh "tii sdch djch ciia van hpe q u i c ngd hdy cdn kem tO sdch dich d cdc nyde Idn bang nhilu l l m - nhy d Tdu vd Nhpt chang han"
(dan theo Nguyin Hdu San - Phan Mpnh Hung, 2009; 204).
Tuy nhien, nhdng han c h l ndi tren khdng h i ldm lu md ddng gdp ddng trdn trpng eua Kilu Thanh Q u i d l i vdi sy nghidp nghien edu, phd binh va khac edu van hpc. Chi Id mdt ehiit tile nuoil Cdi tdm, eal tdi eua Kilu Thanh Q u i vdn ludn ngdi sang trong lich sd vdn hpc nyde nhd.
3. K^T LUAN
T A I L I E U TRiCH D A N
1. Hodi Anh. 2001. Kidu Thanh Que - nhi phe binh van hpc hiem cd cda Nam Bp, in trong Chin dung vin hoc. Ha Npi: Nxb. Hgi Nha van.
2. Bing Giang. 1974. Minh vun van hpc su: Sdl Gdn: Nxb. Chan Lyu.
2. Phpm The Ngu. 1965. Viet Nam van hoc sir gian ude tin biin. Sdl Gon: Nxb. Quoc hpc Tiing thu.
3. NguySn Hdu San - Phan Manh Hung. 2009. Cupc tien hda vin hoc Viet Nam - Tuyin tdp khao cdu phe binh. Ha Ngi: Nxb. Thanh nien.
4. Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan. 2004. Phe binh van hpc Viet Nam nira dau the ki XX TPHCM. Nxb. Dpi hpc Quoc gia " " "