KHOA HOC C O N G N O H I
CHilXIH SACH V A THUC TlilXI PHAT HUY V A I TRO CUA P H U IMU TRONB PHAT TRIEM KIIVH T £ , X O A DOI ElAlli IVGHEO PHUC V U X A Y DUIMG l\ldl\IB THOIV M O I
Nguy&i Tbi Anb T\iyA>, Nguy&i Van Cbi6i' T6MTAT
Phu nii la mOt luc lupng xa hdi quan trong ir nong ttion. Ho vira thuc hita chiic nSng tai san xuSt, ddng thdi
\i luc lugng lao dOng chi^m da sd trong linh vuc ndng ngfaif, ndng thdn. Trong co ciu dSn s6, gia 80%
ngudi d ^ Vi^t Nam sdng d ndng thdn. Hiu nu ndng didn la mot cdng ddng ngudi phong phii, da dang gdm nhiing d ^ tdc, tdn giio, liia tudi, trinh dO bgc van khac nhau va sinh song a nhiing vimg ndng thdn khic nhau. Kboing 72% pbu nOr tham gia lyc lugng lao dpng or Vidt Nam va ty 1$ nay cao hon so vdi cic nude khic trdn toan ciu. Lgic lugng lao ddng nii ndng tbdn chi^m 60,0% lyc lupng lao dpng va bi$n dang sin xuit hon 60% sin phim ndng ngbi^p. Pby nu ndng thdn Vi^t Nam Ii mdt trong hai chu Hii kinh t^ quan trpng nhit mang lai thu nhip cho cic bO gia dinh. Tuy nhidn, trinb dp cbuydn mdn ky thuit cua pbp nflr d ndng thdn cdn tbip, cd tdi 90,5% lao ddng nii d ndng thdn chua dupe dio tao qua cic trudng Idp vi phin ldn bp (54,3%) tbam gia cic ngh4 giin don. Do v|y bp pbii ddi m?t vdi nbiiu rio cin, thich thiic trong qui trinh thvrc h i ^ vai trd cua minb, die bi^t li nbumg rip cin lien quan d^n kbia canb trinb dO n h ^ tbiic, binh ding gidi, cOng nhu rip ein vd mat th^ cM, kbi nang ti^p cin c^c ngudn luc trong phit trifa sin xuit... Bii vift tip trung vio phin ticb tbiic trjng eic chinb sich va thyc tiin pbit buy vai trd cua pbu nii trong phit triln kinh ti, xda ddi giim ngbdo o ndng tbdn, tir dd dd xuit nhung khuyen nghj vi cbinb sich nbim pbit huy bon niia vai trd cua pbu ntr trong llnb vue niy, gdp phin thpc hi^n cie mue tidu xiy dyng ndng tbdn mdi.
Til Idida: /%(r nH, x6a ddi giam ngheo, ndng thOn moi.
I.BtDilN
Phy nu ndng tbdn la nhiing ngudi phu nii sinh sdng vi lim vl$c a ndng tbdn. Trong ca ciu din s6, gin 80% din Vi$t Nam s6ng b ndng th6n. Phy nir ndng thdn la mpt cPng d6ng ngudi phong phii, da d^ng gdm nhiing din t^c, tdn giio, liia tudi, trinh dO hpc vin khic nhau v i sinh s6ng a nhOng viing ndng thdn kbic nhau. Khoing 72% phy nCr tham gia luc lugrng lao dOng 6 Vi$t Nam vi ty 1^ niy cao hon so vdi cic nuoc kbic tr^n toan ciu [9].
Theo thdng k6, lao dOng nii ndng thdn chi^m 60,0% Ivrc lirgng lao d^ng vi hi$n dang sin xuit ra hon 60% sin phim ndng nghiep. Phu nii ndng thdn Vi^t Nam li mOt trong hai chii thd kinh td quan trpng nhit mang l^i thu nhip cho cic hO gia dinh 15).
Phu nOr ndng thdn noi chung va lao dOng nii ndng thdn ndi rifeng dang c6 vai trd va vj tri die bi^t trong ddi sdng kinh td - x i bdi o ndng thdn. Bidn ddi cua lao dOng nCr ndng thdn dang didn ra tbeo ba xu hudrng CO bin li: thii nbit, ning cao chit lugng lao ddng nii ndng thdn nhim dip iimg nhu cau lao ddng cua tbdi ky mdi; thii hai, timg budc chuydn din tir lao
ddng ndng ngbidp sang lao ddng cdng nghidp, thuong m^i vi dich vy; thir ba, chii ddng, tich cvic tham gia thj trudng lao ddng qudc td (ci trong nude vi nude ngoii).
Trong 19 tieu chi xiy dvjng ndng thdn mdi, cd nbidu tieu chi gin vdi ho?t ddng sin xuit mi fir dd phu nii vi cic cip bdi trong thyc td di phit buy dupe vai trd ciia minh. Bii vidt hudrng ddn phin tich vai trd cua pbli nii cung nbu vai trd cua cic td chiic, cip hdi cua phy na or khia c?nb tham gia phit tridn sin xuit trong bdi canh xiy di;ng ndng thdn mdi, trfin ca sdr dd cbi ra tim quan trpng, nhiing tidm ning cd thd phit huy trong vide tbvrc hi^n thinh cdng cic myc tidu xay dung ndng thdn mdi, ddng thdi cbi ra nhiing khd khan, fliich tbiic vi rio cin ddi vdi phu nii, tir dd dd xuit cic khuydn nghj, chinh sich phii hpp.
& l l i l S6 C M H lAGH G M Vdi PHilT HUY ViU TRd CtM PHW M TRONG n U T Tia6l S M XUlT PHUC VV M Y DUNG NdNG TNdN MO
Dang vi Nhi nude ludn d$t cao vai trd cua pbu nii trong cdng cudc xiy dtmg vi bio v# td qudc trudc diy cQng nbu su nghiep xiy dtmg ndng thdn mdi hi^n nay. Cd thd kd ra mdt sd van bin quan trpng sau:
' Tning lim Die l*o Hpp lie Qudc li, Vi?n Khoa hpc Thiiy Ipi Vi^l Nam
N 6 N G N G H I I P VA PHAT TRIIN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016
KHOA HOC CdHGNOHl
• Luit Binh ding gidi cua Qudc hdi khda XI, ky bpp thu 10 sd 73/2006/QHll ngay 29 thing 11 nim 2006 va Nghi dinh sd 70/2008/NEK:P ngay 04 thing 06 nim 2008 vd vide Quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh mpt sd didu cua Luit Binh ding gioi.
• Nghi quydt sd ll-NQ/TW ngay 27/4/2007 cua Bd Chinh tri vd cdng tie phu nii thdi ky day manh cdng nghidp hoa, bidn dai hoa dit nude nhim 'phat huy vai trd, dim nSng to Idn cda phu au trong su agiu$p cdng aghiip hda, hi$n dai hda, xay dung vd bao vf tdqudc, ndng cao dia viphu nu, thirc hifn binh ding gidi tr^n mpi Unh vuc chinh tri, kinh te, van Ada, xa hpi... '•
• Nghi dinh sd 48/2009/ND-CP ngiy 19 thing 05 nim 2009 quy dinh vd cic bidn phip bao dim binh ding gidi quy dinh, trong dd tip trung vio Idng gbdp vin dd binh ding gidi trong xiy dung vin ban quy pham phip luit vi cic bidn phip thiie diy binh ding gidi; chinh sich ho trp nfir cin bd, cdng chiic, vidn chuc; hd trp hogt ddng binh ding gidi t?i vimg siu, viing xa, viing ddng bio din tdc thidu sd vi viing ed didu kidn kinh td - xi hdi die bidt khd khin.
• Quydt djnh sdl241/QD-TTg ngiy 22 thing 7 nim 2011 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu v/v Ph6 duydt Chuong trinh qudc gia vd binh ding gidi giai dogn 2011- 2015. Myc tidu cua Chuong trinh: Tgo bude chuydn bidn mgnh mi vd nhin thiie nhim thiic diy toin xi hdi thay ddi hinh vi thvrc bidn binh ding gidi;
timg budc thu h^p khoing cich gidi vi ning vi thd eiia phvi nOr trong mdt sd linh vvrc cdn bit binh ding hoic nguy ca bit binh ding gidi cao, gdp phan tbue bidn thinh cdng cic myc tiiu ciia Chidn lupe qudc gia vd binh ding gidi giai ddgn 2011 - 2020.
• Quydt djnh sd 295/QD-TTG ngiy 26 thing 2 nim 2010 eiia Thii tudng Chinh phu: Phi duydt Dd in "Hd trpphp nu hpc nghi, t^o vifc Idm giai do$n 2010 - 2015" dua ra quan didm Ting co hpi hpc nghi, tfio vifc lam cho phu nii; d$c bift phu nir khu vpc ndng thdn,php nUdp tudi trung ni&n.php nudSn tpc thiiu so', vung d$c bift khd khan, vung di ddi. giai /ds": Dd cv thd hda Quydt djnh niy, Bd Tii chinh ban hinh Thdng tu sd 54/2012/TT-BTC quy djnh viec quan ly vi su dyng kinh phi thue bidn dd an
"Hd Xip phy nu hpc nghd, tgo vide lim giai doan 2010-2015". Miic chi thue bidn md hinh thi didm tao viec lam tgi chd cho phu ntr di dupe day nghd tdi da li 150 tridu ddng/md hinh/tdi da 30 hd.
. Nghi dinh sd 56/2009/N&CP ngay 30 thing 6 nam 2009 ciia Chinh phu: Vd trgr giiip phit tridn doanh nghidp nhd vi vita cd quy dinh cy thd:
"Chuong trinb trp giiip doanb nghidp nbd vi vua dia Nhi nude (gpi tat li chuong trinb trgr giiip) la chuong trinh muc tieu dinh cho doanb nghidp nhd vi via dupe xay dvmg tren ca sd dinh budng phit tridn kinh te - xi hpi, phit tridn nganh, dia ban va dupe bd tri trong kd hogch hang nim va 5 nam. Uii tien chuong trinh trp giiip cic doanh nghidp nhd va viia do phi) nii lam chu vi doanh nghidp nhd va vira sii dyng nbidu lao ddng nu (Didu 5, Chuong trinh trgr giiip).
• Bd Luit Lao ddng (2012) dd cgp ddn cic chinh sich ddi vdi lao ddng, trong dd cd lao dgng nil Cp the, trong Nghi dinh sd 85/2015/NE)-CP ngay ngiy 01 thing 10 nim 2015 da quy dinh chi tidt mdt sd didu ciia Bd Luit lao ddng vd chinh sich ddi vdi lao ddng nii, gdm: Dgi didn cua lao ddng nii, quydn lim viec binh ding ciia lao ddng nii, cai thidn didu kidn lao dpng, chim sdc siie khde ddi vdi lao ddng nii, quydn don phuong chim diit, tgm hoin hpp ddng lao ddng ciia lao ddng nii mang thai, giup dd, hd trgr cua ngudi su dvmg lao ddng trong vide xiy dvmg nhii tre, Idp miu giio ho^c mdt phin ehi phi giii trd, miu giio, to chiic nhi tre, lop miu giio d noi cd nhidu lao ddng nOr va chinh sich hd trp ngudi sii dyng lao ddng. CQng trong nghi dinh niy, nhirng ca sd sii dung lao ddng, sir dung nhidu lao ddng nii, dupe Nhi nude hd trp nhir a) dupe giam thud thu nh|[p doanh nghidp theo quy djnh cua phip luit vd thud thu nhJp doanb nghidp; b) cac khoin chi ting them cho lao dgng nvr dupe tinh vio chi phi dupe trir khi xac djnh thu nhip chju thud thu nhgp doanh nghidp theo quy dinh cua Bd Tii chinh.
Ben egnh cie vin ban cua Dang, Nhi nuoc, Chinh phii neu tren, cac tai lidu vin kidn quan trgng cua Hgi Lien hidp Phu nii Vidt Nam cflng thd bidn rd vai trd, tidm nang cua phy nii trong phit tridn kinh tf - xi hdi ndi chung va d khu vuc ndng thdn ndi ndng.
Cu thd la, trong vin kien Nghi quydt Dgi hdi dgi bidu Phu nii toin qudc lin thir X vi nhu ciu cua hdi vidn, phu nu, pbuong hudng nhidm vu nhidm ky 2012 - 2017 cua Hdi lien hidp Phy nii Vi$t Nam dd ra cac nhidm vu quan trgng, trong dd ding chii y cd nhidm vu 3: Van dpng, hd trp phu nii phit triin kinh ti.
giam ngheo bin vung, bao vf mdi trudng.
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KV 2 - THANG 9/2016
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H l
Tuyen tniydn, huong din va vin dpng phy nii khu vue ndng tbon hidu rd, bidu diing vi tich cue tbue hien cac chu tnrong, chinh sach vd ndng n ^ e p - ndng din - ndng tbdn; chu dpng, sing tao tham gia chuy&i djeh ca cau kinh td; tfii dua san xuat kinh doanb bieu qua, gdp phan tiiuc hien Chuong trinb muc tieu qudc gia vd xay dung ndng tbdn mdi giai dogn 2010 - 2020 va phong trio " Ca nude chimg siic xay dtmg ndng thda mdi".
Vin dpng phu nii {*it huy tinh than viFOt kbd vuon len tiioat n^ieo. Chi dgo cac cbi hdi, hpi lien hidp phu nir xa nim viing tinb hinh hd n^eo do liiu nir lam diu hp, dang ky chi tieu gnip hp ngheo cd dia cbi, tip trung cac giai phap ho tra ddng bp de giam n^eo hieu qui t i ^ cam vdn vay, chuydn giao ky tiiuit, ning cao kidn ttiiie, ky ning vd quan ly kinh te hd gia dinh, 1^ ning kinb doanh, quan ly chi tieu tidt kidm.
Md rdng, ning cao chat lupng hogt ddng tin dung tiet Idem hd trp [Aiy nii n^do.
Xiy dung vi tridn khai thuc hien Chidn Itrpc tii chinb vi md cua hdi nham hd tra phu nir pbit tridn kinh td, giim ngheo bdn viing. Vin ddng, huong din, hd trgr pbu nii tham gia cac loai hinh kinh td hpp tic, kbdi su vi phat tridn doanh nghidp phii hpp vdi yeu cau quy hoach, chuydn dich co ciu kinhtd.
Tbue hien bidu qua Dd in "Ho trp phu nii hpc nghi, tao viec lam giai doan 2010 - 2015", gin ket chat che bogt ddng day nghd vdi hd trp tao viec lim vi cic boat ddng giam ngheo, phit tridn kinh td, phit tridn doanh nghidp cua phu nii. Chu trpng dgy nghd va tgo viec lam tai chd, die bidt khu vuc ndng thdn. Cung cd, ning cao ning luc, chat lupng dao tao ciia cie ca sdr dgy nghd thupc Hdi. Kdt ndi vdi cic dpanh nghidp, nhit li doanb nghidp nii trong dio tao nghd, giii quydt viec lam cho lao ddng nft
(Trich: Nghi quy A D^ hpi d^ biiu Phu nir toan qudc lan thii 20 Thuc bidn Nghi quydt Dgi hOi ndi tren, eic cap
hdi phy ntr phdi hpp vdi eic ban, nginh dia phuong tridn khai nhidu phpng trip thi dua, cudc vin ddng gdp phin thvrc bidn cic chinh sich phit huy nang Ivrc, pham chat vi vai trd aia ngudi phy nii Viet Nam trong lao ddng, sin xuit va xa hpi.
8. THVC i n U K V« GHiW S K H n U T HUY ViU TRO O M PHU va TRONG PHAT T R ^ K M TE PHUC VU M Y DUNG NONG THON
3.1. Vai trd cua phy nii trong pbit tridn kinh td b ndng tiiOn
Theo thdng ke, tinh ddn nim 2013, lao ddng nii dr ndng thdn chidra 70,1% lue lugng lao ddng nii ciia ci nude, ty le lao ddng nii d tbinh thi chi chidm 29,9%.
Bing 1. Sd higrng v i phin bd lyc kipng Noi cu tni /viing
Cinudc Thinh thi Ndng thdn Cic vimg
Trung du vi midn niii phia Bic Ddng bing sdng Hdng (*) Bic Trung bd vi DH midn Trung Tiy Nguyen
Ddng Nam bd (*) Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long Hi Ndi
Thinh phd Hd Cbi Minh
Luc lupng lao ddng (nghin ngudi)
53.245,6 16.042,5 37.203,1 7.380,2 8.1843 11.621,4 3.249,4 4.565,4 10.322,9
3.799,6 4.122,3
T Tdngsd
100,0 30,1 69,9 13,9 15,4 21,8 6,1 8,6 19,4
7,1 7,7
r nam 2013 p trpng (%)
Nam 100.0 30,3 69,7 13,5 14,8 21,4 6,2 8,7 20,4
7,1 8,0
NCr 100,0
29,9 70,1 14,3 16,0 22,3 6,0 8,5 18,4
7,2 7,5
(%) Nii 48,6 48,2 48,8 50,1 50,6 49,6 47,6 48,0 46,0 48,8 46,9 (*)B6ng bang sdng Hdng khdng bao gdm TT. Ha Npi, Ddng Nam bd khdi^ bao gdm TP. H6 Chi Minh Ngudn: Tdngcpc Thdngki (2014). Kitquadiiu bra vifc Um nam 2013. Ha Npi
NdNG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIIN NONG THCN - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016
KHOA HOC C O N O N O H I
Lao ddng nii a ndng tbdn thudng tbam gia cac hogt ddng ndng nghidp chu ydu. Ty Id nfir gidi tbam gia cic hogt ddng phi ndng nghidp a ndng tfidn ehi chidm 38,9%, trong khi dd d nhdm nam gidi li 61.1%
Didu nay cbo thiy. nii gioi vin la lye hipng chu ydu trong hogt ddng san xuat ndng nghidp dr ndng thdn.
TUy nhien, phin ldn nhiing phy nir tbam gia cac hogt
ddng phi ndng nghidp ¥ trd tudi, trong khi t^!(
thgm gia cic boat dpng nay t b ^ din b nbOng nhdm tudi cap. Diy cung li mdt thich tbiic kbi mi hic lugng tbam gia bogt ddng sin xuit ndng nghidp MB tudi, dil cd kinh nghidm nhung siic khde vi khi niog tidp thu kidn thiic. khoa hpc cdng nghe bi hgn chd.
Noi cu tni/ viing Cinudc
Thinh tiii Ndng thdn Cic vitng
Tnmg du vi Midn niii phia bic
Ddng bing sdng Hdng (*) Bic Tnmg Bd vi DH midn Trung
Tiy Nguyen Ddng Nam bd (*) Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long Nhdm tudi
15-24 tudi 25-54 tudi 55-59 tudi 60 tudi trdr len
Sd hipng ngudi lim cdng an luong trong linb vuc phi ndng
nghidp (nghin ngudi)
16.235.7 7.781.7 8.454.0 1.391.1 2.833,9 2.933,9 477,2 1.947,5 2.586,7 2.930,1 12.418.3 604.7 282.6
Ty trpng trpng tdng
sd ngudi dang lam vidc(%) 31.1 50,2 23,0 19,0 35,3 25,7 14,9 43,5 25,6 39,4 33.7 16.0 6.8
Phinbd phin trim
Nam 100 45,4 54,6 8.7 17,7 19,4 2,9 10.7 16.6 16.8 76,3 4,8 2.1
Ntr 100 51.5 48.5 8,4 17,1 16.2 3.5 13,8 15,0 19,8 76,8 2,2
W
Ty trpng chia theo gidi Nam
%
55,1 61.1 59,0 59.1 62.4 57.4 52.0 60.5 54,2 58.0 75.2 71.4
Nii
%
44,9 38.9 41.0 40,9 37,6 42.6 48,0 39.5 45,8 42.0 24.8 28,6 (*)Ddag bing sdng Hdng khdng bao gdm TP. Ha Npi. Ddng Nam bp khdng bao gdm TP. Hd Chi Minh Ngudn: Tdngcpc Thing ki (2014). Kit qua diiu tra vifc lim ndm 2013. Hi Npi.
Tir nim 1993. sd nam gidi lim ndng nghidp giam vi sd lao ddng ndng nghidp li nfit ting. Rd ring Unh vye phi ndng nghidp ngiy cing hip din lyc hipng lao ddng nam vi trd tudi hon trong khi phy nfir. die bidt li phy nvr ldn tudi cd nguy co bj tyt hiu phii lim viec d linh vyc ndng nghidp kem ning ddng hon. Didu niy dd ly giii vi lao ddng nii thudng gin vdi khu vue ndng tiidn va hdgt ddng sin xuit ndng nghidp.
Trong linh vye ndng. lim. tiiuy sin. tiieo thdng ke nim 2013, lye lupng lao ddng nii chidra da sd (633), ty le cdn Igi tiiam gia cic nginh nghd khic.
Trong khi dd, nam gidi d ndng tiidn, ty le tiiam gia cic nginh nghd khic cao hon, ehi cd 57,5% boat ddng trong linh vyc ndng, lim, thuy sin.
Trong linh vuc trdng trpt, chin nudi, phy nO chidm ty Id chu dgo. tgo ra tren 60% sin phim ndng nghiep cua ci nude. Diy li khu vyc mi ngudi phy nS thd bidn khi ning quydt dinh vin dd sin xuit vi diu tu nhidu ban so vdi nam gidi. Tuy nhien. thudng phii lim v i ^ tren nhiing cinh ddng vi chin nudi nhd, phin tin chvra t|ip trung.
Trong Imh vue san xuit, kinh doanh phi ndng nghidp di cd nhidu hon sd phy nii tfaam gia lim quin ly, lim chii cic co sdr sin xuit d ndng thdn. Ddi vdi cic ca sd niy ddu hogt ddng kbi bidu qui. Theo HJi uen hidp Phu nii Vidt Nam (2013), cd 99% doanh nghiep do nii doanh nhin ndi chimg didu hinh vutt qua kbiing hoang thinb cdng, cing khing djnh oft
NONG NGHliP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 9/2014
KHOA HOC C6ll« NGHt doanh nhin Yi^ Nam di tfid hien rit rd ban Enb vi
ning hie viing vang cua minh trong tiiuong tiudrng.
Mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan dupe ly giai la 'pbu nii lam kinb doanb dec dai, chat chiu vi cd siie chiu dung tdt bon nam gidt Nhung pham chit nay da giiip cic nii lanh dao doanh n ^ d P vupt qua khung hoang, thim ehi cdn gidi hon ea "dang may riu". Ben canh dd la nang luc kidm soit, quin ly kinh te nhuli mdt lpi thd do dam nhiem vai trd truydn thdng "tay hdm chia khda", quan ly ehi tieu gia dinh cua pbu nii ndng tbdn.
Mic dil vay, phu nii cd xu budng quan ly eic cdng ty, trang trai nhd vi tip tnmg bogt dpng trpng cac Unh vuc mang Igi it lpi nbuan. Cie ca hdi viec lim cdng in luong trong cie linh vye ndng nghiep ban chd ddi vdi pbu nu'. Hiy nii d khu vye ndng tiidn gap nbidu khd khin trong viec tiiinh lip eic doanh nghidp. vi hgn chd vd ngudn lue, kd ca thdi gian, ky ning quan ly, kidn thiie vd thi tnidng, tidp cin tin dyne vi dit dai. Do viy, chii ydu cic chu trang trai ndng nghidp. lim nghidp, chan nudi vin li nam gidi.
Ty 1$ nii tbam gia lam ebvi ea so sin xuit d ndng tiidn chi 0.8% [5).
3.2. Tliyc bidn dc chinh sich pbit huy vai ti^
phy no trong phit tridn kinh t£, xda ddi giim ngbeo dr ndng tbdn
3.2.1. Huy dpng ngudn Ipc cho phdt triin kinh ti Thdi gian qua, thyc hign cie chii truong, dudng ldi chinh sich aia Ding vi Nhi nude vd phit huy vai trd eiia phy nii vi phong trio phu nii, cie hogt dpng khai tiiic, quin ly ngudn vdn tir cic ngin hing, chuong trinh, du in, quy hd trp, eic nhdm phy ntr tidt kidm... dupe cic cip hOi phu nii day manh vi dgt dupe nhidu kdt qui tich cvrc. Nghien ciiu cua Trin Thi Xuin Lan (2013) (6) chd fliiy cie kenh huy ddng cua nii gidi da dgng hon so vdi nam gidi. Ben egnh cic mdi quan be xa hdi tvr phia gia dinh hai ben cbdng vi vp, phy nir cd ngudn huy ddng vdn tir td chiie Hdi phy nii d ndng thdn vi cic quy tin dung uy tiiic. Mdt nghien ciiu vd vdn xi hdi trong pbit tridn nginh nghd phi ndng nghiep b ndng thdn (Nguydn Thi Anh Tuydt vi nhdm nghien aiu. 2014) cbo thay vai trd rit Idn ciia td cbiic bdi phy nu d ndng thdn - li mdt trong nbOng td chiic cd sd lugng hpi vien tham gia Idn nbit, ddng thdi cd nhieu hogt ddng thidt thyc giiip cac hdi vien phit tridn kinh td. xda ddi giim ngheo tbdng qua cie boat ddng hd trp, giiip dd lin nhau bing vit chit, tidn vi cie md binh cbp vay
vdn, qu^ tin dung dp bdi pbu nu dr cic dia phuong diing ra.
Tbeo bao cao cua Hdi Lien hidp Phy nii Viet Nam, tinh d6i 2015, du no iiy thic vdi Ngin bing Ndng nghidp vi Phit trien ndng tbdn li 53.796 ty dong vdi bon 2,8 trieu bd vay, du na tin chip li 6.500 ty ddng (tang 2.080 ty ddng so vdi ciuig k^ nim 2013) cho tren 240 nghin bd vay. Quy hd trp phu nii n ^ e o phit vay 79.6 ty ddng. sd thinh vien bidn tai la 24346, trong dd cd 3819 thinh vien mdi; vdi tdng du na vdn vay tai ttidi diem 30/6/2015 dat 93,8 ty ddng.
Hoat ddng iiy tbie vdi Ngin bing Chinh sich xa hpi cflng duac tap tnmg cbi dgp nhim ting ty trpng vdn va ning chit lugng tin dyng uy thic, nbit li tgi eic vimg cdn khd khin. Kdt qui cho thiy cho ddn 2015 Hdi ludn li doan thd di diu vdi 5 didm nhat trong boat ddng uy thic so vdi cac td chiic chinh tri - xi bdi khac [8].
Cdng tic bd tip phy nii ngheo dupe cic cip Hdi tidp tuc diy mgnh, tip trung ning cao chit lupng.
bidu qua, coi trpng phit huy ndi lyc cua phy nir dd giam ngheo bdn viing. Cic phong trio "Php nOgiup nhau phat triin kinh ti", 'Giup php nU nghio cd dfa chT...dupe duy tri trong sudt nhiing nim qua, cimg cic cuOc van ddng ldn 'Mai im tinh thuong", "Thpc hanh tiitUfm theo guong Bad" vdi nhidu hinh tiiue sing tao 'Hugao tiitkiinf, 'Nudiheo dif... dupe tridn khai siu rdng khip ea nude vdi tinh thin tuong thin, tuong ii, da tgo nen ngudn ndi lue to ldn tri gii tren 3.400 ti ddng, giup cho tren 5,6 hieu lupt phy nii pbit tridn kinh td, giam ngbdo.
3.2.2. Hd trp chuyin giao khoa hpc ky thu$t, kiin thuc
Cimg vdi viec giiip gia dinh phu nu nghdo phit tridn kinh td xda ddi giam ngbeo, Hdi Phy nii phdi hpp vdi Ban cbi dgo xiy dung ndng tiidn mdi td chiic cie Idp tip huAi chuydn giao khoa hpc ky tiiuit vd sin xuit, chan nudi; tuyen hnydn, ning cao nhjn thiie. trich nbi^m aia phu nu vd y thiie bio v$ mdi tnidng, pbit tridn sin xuat chin nudi theo hudng tiiin tiiien vdi mdi truong, van ddng h^i vien phy nii ky thuit san xuit rau, chd bidn fliyc phim sgch...
Cd cic bien phip cy tiid: xiy dtmg eic md binh phit tridn kinh td ed bieu qua, san xuit fliye phim an toin, tieu dimg sgcb. Md rdng eic logi hinh hogt ddng, tridn khai md binh Uen kdt dich vy gia dinh, tang aremg khai fliac cac chuong hinh dio tgo nghd
N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIIN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt cbo lao ddng nu va con em hdi vien ndng tbdn. Cung
cd, nhin rdng md hinh dgy nghd gin vdi giii quyet v i ^ lim, cung iing lao ddng ndng flidn tren dia ban ndng tbdn.
Hogt ddng bd trp phu nii sin xuit kinh dpanh, khdi sir va phat tridn dpanh nghiep cd nhieu ddi mdi:
gin kdt hd trp vdn vay vdi td ehiie tip huan nghd, ky nang kinh doanh cd sy ddng gdp ciia nflr ehu doanh nghiep; thanh lip cie td hpp tie, lien ket sin xuat kinh doanh, tieu thu san pham; didn dan van ddng chinh sach, kdt ndi mgng ludi, khen thudng vi tdn vinh doanh nhin nu... dirge td cbiic thuong xuyen d nhidu dia phuong.
Cdng tic day nghd ed budc chuydn quan trpng vdi v i ^ tridn khai tiiye hien Dd in 'Hd tra phu nu hpc nghi. t^o vifc lam giai doan 2010-2015'tTin phgm vi toin qudc. He tiidng co sd dgy nghd vi gidi tiiidu viec lim aia Hdi dupe quy hogch trong tdng tiid chung aia ca nude vi dupe oing cd, phit tiidn.
Dgy nghd cho lao dOng nii ndng tiidn dupe tgp himg tridn khai, khdng chi tgi cic ea sd dgy nghd aia Hdi mi cdn dudi hinh tiiiie phdi hpp. ben kdt, md lop luu ddng. Hogt dOng dgy nghd dupe td ehiie linh bpgt, gin kdt chit che hon vdi hd ti-p tgp viec lim thdng qua hd trp vdn vi md rOng hpp tic vdi cic ddi tie dd tgo viec lim tgi chd cho lao dOng nii.
Tinh ddn nim 2015, cd khoing 17 tridu phu nii dupe tuyen truydn, trtn 1 tridu lao ddng nu dupe dgy nghd, hon 200 md hinh tgd viec lim ttiu hut 6.754 ngudi tiiam gia (lad ddng nii chidm 85%), giii quydt vi#c lam cho trdn 8.000 tiiinh vien, lao ddng trong cie hd gia dinh, tit ci cic muc tieu dd ra ddu dat vi vupL.. li nhflng kdt qui tridn khai Dd in "Hd tixf phu nii hpc nghd, tgo viec lim giai dogn 2010- 2015" ff)d in 295) aia Hdi LHPN Vi^t Nam [2].
3.2.3 Thvc hifn cac cupc v$n dpnggin vdi xda ddi giam ngheo, phit triin kinh tidndngthon
Tir nam 2011, Doin Chii tich Tnmg uong Hdi ban hinh Kd hogch sd 186/KH-DCT neiv 21/l(V20n vd Kd hogch hinh ddng aia Hdi l!en hiep Phu nu Viet Nam giai dogn 2011 - 2016 tfiuc hidn Chuong trinh myc tieu qudc gia xiy dmig ndng tti6n moi va phdng trao 'a node chung sue xay dpng nong thdn moT. trong dd chi dgo cac cip hdi thyc hien eic ndi dung chuong trinh muc tieu qudc m xiy dyng ndng tiidn mdi, phong trao tiii dua 'Ca nuoc Chung sue xay dpng nong than mdf gin vdi
tiidn khai nhiem vu cdng tic Hdi vi liy cudc dpng 'Xdy dung gia dinh 5 khdng, 3sach"\im t r ^ tam (Cy the "5 kbdng" gdm: (1) "Kbdng ddi nghitf (2) "khdng vi pham phdp ludt vi tf n^n xa hfi"
(3)'khdng CO bao luc gia dinh', (4)'kh6ag cd tre sof dinh duong vi bd hpc", (5) Ididng sinh con Ihu3in /eD"vi«3 sgcb'gdm (1) "Spchnha; &) 'S^cbago'
(3)'Sach bip").
Tinh ddn nay, cic c^p H6i di td chiic dupe 298.534 cudc tuyen truydn (trong dd cip tinh: 8.839 cudc, cap huydn: 12.106 cudc, cip xi: 277.589 cuM vd Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cho 6.3 trieu cin bp, hpi vien, phy nii (b^
cio ciia 25 tinh/thinh). Tnmg uong Hdi bien sogn va phit hinh 6.200 cudn Sd tay hdi dip dinh cho cin b^
Hdi ca sd vi 32.000 td roi hiyen truydn vd phy nft d nude chung siic xiy dimg ndng thdn mdi.
Cdng tic hiyen tiiiydn, vin ddng ciia Hdi di cd tic ddng tdt, phy nO' da hidu hon vd chii huong, chinli sich cua Dang, Nhi nude vd xiy dung ndng flidn moi;
chii ddng tiiam gia xiy dvmg ndng tiidn mdi tiidng qif tiiyc hien cudc vin ddng xiy dyng gia dinh "Skhdi^
3 s^ch", tich cue fliyc bidn ddn didn ddi tiiua dd nSng cao hieu qui san xuit...Tbdng qua vide tiidn khai cudc vin ddng "5/:A<5/?g;.?s?cA "rit tiiidt tiiyc niy dJ gdp phan vio cdng tic xda ddi giam nghdo, phSI | hidn kinh td b ndng flidn. Cy flid. vi$c tiiuc hidn tifti chi 'Ahdng ddi nghio"gdp phin fliue hidn tieu cW sd 10 (vd tiiu nhip). tieu cbi 11 (vd hd nghdo), tifu chi 12 (vd CO ciu lao dpng).
Cd tiid ndi, hogt ddng hd h-p phu nu phit tri&
kinh td. xda ddi giim nghdo ngiy cing da dgng. thift fliuc, hieu qui vi da dgt dupe nhiing kdt qui tich cyc, gdp phin vio vi^c fliuc bien cic muc tieu xiy dvmg ndng thdn mdi d cic dia phuong.
3.3. Nhiing rio cin pbit buy vai trd ciia phy nJ ti-ong phit tridn kinb td dr ndng fliOn i
Cic kdt qua ti-ong xda ddi giam nghdo, phit triii sin xuit nhu di neu cho fliiy tim quan ti-gng ciia phu nii d khu vtrc ndng flidn trdng xiy dyng n6ng flidn mdi. Tuy nhien, phy nii d ndng flidn hidn cung dang gap nhidu rio cin, khd khin bdi hp van li np nhin cua nhung hu tyc, tip quin truydn tiidng 1^
hiu, ciia te phin bi$t ddi xu theo tu hjong trpng nam, khinh nii vdn tdn tgi liu h-ong xa hdi ndng flidn; U ngudi ginh chiu ning nd nhat nhung mit mit, ts hoa do hiu qui ciia cie cudc chidn tranh; tiinh <W
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/20M dp nhon
»oi!
N6|
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHfi
bpc vin cdn tbip, su bidu bidt vd kinb td - xa hdi hgn chd. it cd didu Wen tidp can va nang cao trinb dp chuyen mdn, ky thuit, khoa hpc vi cdng ngbe; it cd didu kidn thy budng cie gii tii van bda tinb than; bat binh dang vdi nam gidi trong viec tidp can va kidm soit cie ngudn lyc pbit tridn kinb td gia dinh, cung khdng phai la ngudi quydt dinh nhiing van dd quan trpng cua gia dinh. Dudi diy li mdt sd rio can ban chd phu nii trong hogt ddng sin xuat, phat tiien kinb td d khu vye ndng thdn.
Thii nhdt, nguy co gii hda, nOhda:
Hogt dpng san xuit ndng nghiep dang didn ra khi phd bidn vi ed xu hudng ting ten... din den nhung tic ddng tieu eye ddn sin xuit ndng nghidp.
ChIng ban nhung ngudi phu nu ldn tudi se khd khin hon ti-ong tidp cin khoa hpc ky thuit, cdng nghd mdi... Ben egnh dd, vide sin xuit ndng nghiep vdn mang Igi thu nhip thip hon so vdi eic nginh nghd phi ndng nghidp (thudng do nam gidi dim nhidm) se cd nguy co din ddn vi thd xa hdi eiia nhfimg ngudi lam nginh nghd ndng nghidp giam di. Didu niy him y cho v i ^ xiy dyng vi dd xuit eic chinh sich hd trp phy nft trong hogt ddng sin xuit ndng nghidp nhu chinh sich bio bidm ndng nghiep, bao hidm cho ndng din cflng nhu vide phii ed chinh sach phit tiidn ndng nghidp theo hudng ting nSng suit, hidu qui, thu nhip dd ning cao vi thd lao ddng ndng nghidp.
Thii hai, trinh dp hoc vin, chuySn mdn cdn han chi
Co hdi tidp cin giio dye vi dio tgo, didu kidn hgc b eic bic hpc cao hon ciia phu nft bi hgn chd mdt phin do didu kidn kinh td-xi hdi d khu vyc ndng thdn, phin khic do nhin thirc vd chidn lupe diu tu cho con cii trong gia dinh hudng nhidu hon vao nam gidi. He qui li trinh dd hpc vin, chuyen mdn ky thuit eiia phy nft cdn thip sd vdi nhu ciu phit tridn sin xuit, kinb ddanh b ndng thdn thed hudng hing hda. nhidu ngudi di khdng dupe hudng din ky thuit nen phin ldn vin lim cic cdng viec mang tinh giin don. Ty Id khdng ed tiinh dd chuyen mdn ky thuit chidm 90,5%, trong khi d nhdm nam gidi li 86,7%. Ty Id nft tham gia dgy nghd ciing chi chidm ddn 1,7%, thip hon nhdm nam (6.3%). Nhdm cd trinh dd h-ung cip chuyen nghidp tuong duong nhau (2,9%) vi nhdm nft cd trinh dd cao ding cao hon nam (2,1% so vdi 1,1%) vi d trinh dd dgi bpc tuong duong nhau (2,9% so vdi 3,0%) ( Nhdm cao ding cao hon vi diy li
sd lidu tbdng ke luc lupng lao ddng d ndng thdn ndi ebimg, trong dd cd ty le lao dpng lam trong cac don vi hinh chinh su nghiep, truong bpc la nft chidm khi cao, phan ldn ddu d trinb dp cao ding (giio vien cic tnrdng mam non. tidu bpc, THCS phin Idn li nft).).
Phy nu ndng thdn chu yeu tham gia cic hogt ddng san xuit ndng nghidp vi cong vide ndi trp, thgm gia mdt phan cic bogt ddng phi ndng nghidp. Do viy, thu nhip ciia bp tu eic cdng viec niy cdn thip din den vi tbd xa bpi, tidng ndi cua bp trong gia dinh vi ngoai xi hdi bi inh budng.
Thii ba, nhin thiie vd gidi trong cdng ddng vi gia dinh cdn chua diy dii. Viec phin bd thdi gian lim vide nhi va cie cdng vide gia dinh lien quan giiia phu nft va nam gidi khic nhau cflng li mdt nhan td giy nen tinh trgng phin tich gidi va kdo theo do li kboing cich vd thu nhip. Phu nft ndng thdn thudng phii ginh phan ldn cdng vide nhi vi chim sdc gia dinh, trong kbi nam gidi chii ydu chiu trich nhiem lam kinh td. Nhiing quan nidm cho ring: "Din dng la nha tren, dan bi li nhi dudi" tdn tai qua nhidu thd he da din ddn tidng ndi kdm trgng lugng trong qui trinh dua ra cie quydt dinh gia dinh vi xa hdi, h-ong dd cd cic quydt dinh vd bogt ddng sin xuit, kinh doanb, thudng thi phu nft d vai trd thvrc hidn trong khi nam gidi cd vai trd quydt dinh. Vdi quan didm niy, mpi van dd lien quan ddn tii sin gia dinh nhu hi viec mua chide miy ciy ddn viec xiy nhi, chpn gidng cho sin xuit,... ddu do din dng quydt dinh, y kidn vi quydn quydt dinh cua phy nft hgn chd.
Tdm Igi, nhirng hgn chd vd mat xu hudng chuydn ddi co ciu lao ddng, co hdi hpc tip, dio tao, ca hOi phit tridn vi nhung chuin mvrc xa hdi tdn tgi dai ding thudng kdt hpp vdi nhau trd thinh nbftng rio cin ldn khidn phu nft bi hgn chd trong hogt ddng san xuit, phit tridn kinh td d ndng thdn. Ngoii cie ydu td neu tren, ban thin ngudi phu nft ndng thdn vin gift ldi sdng khdp kin, chua tiiuc su mgnh dgn tham gia cac hogt ddng vin hda-xi hpi (giai tri, nghi ngoi, trau ddi tri thue, fliam gia vao cdng tic xa hdi, chim lo sue khde...).
4. MOT ViU nUYQI NGH OWH SliCH
Li lye lugng lao ddng chii ydu b ndng thdn, phu nft ddng vai trd quan trgng trong sin xuit ndng nghiep vi xiy dung ndng thdn mdi: vua la chu flid, vira li ngudi dupe true tidp thy hudng nhung thanh qui do chuang trinh xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi mang Igi. Cic chinh sich cua Dang va N 6 N G NGHliP VA PHAT TRIIN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016
KHOA HOC CONG N G H | Nhi nude cung nhu su vio cudc tich cyc aia phy
nft ei nude vi eic cip hdi di gdp phin ding ke vid nhiing thinh cdng ciia eiia chuong trinb myc tieu qudc gia xiy dung ndng tbdn mdi; tic ddng tich cue ddn ddi sdng ciia phy nft khu vue ndng thdn:
ehi em dupe did tgo nghd, tiep cin vdn tin dyng, dtigic thy hudng nhidu chinh sich an sinh xi hpi, ddi sdng vin hda dupe cai thien, phit huy quyen din chu, binh ding gidi dupe ning len...Tuy nhien, cdn tdn tai khi nhidu rio cin ddi vdi pbu nft trong phit tridn sin xuit, kinh td d ndng thdn. Trong bdi canh dd xin dd xuat mpt sd khuy&i nglu ve mat chinh sich cy tiid dudi diy:
Thti nhat, ghi nhdn vd phat huy vai trd chd thi cda ngudi phu nU trong hogt ddng sin xuit d ndng thdn. Do phy nft cd vai trd chu dgo Oye lupng lao ddng) d khu vuc ndng nghidp ndng thdn. Theo dd, cie cip iiy, chinh quydn cin quan tim vi cd cac chinh sich ghi nhin sy ddng gdp to Idn cflng nhu cd CO chd phit huy ning lyc, kha ning ddng gdp eiia phy nft nhu eic chinh sich vd xac dinh ehu hp, quydn sd hOu tii sin, quydn tiiam gia cic quydt dinh d cdng ddng... Theo dd, cic cip iiy, chinh quydn cin quan tim ddn viec thyc hien Idng ghep gidi, h-ong Ban chi dgo xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cin ed thinh phin phy nft vi td chiic dgi didn cho phy nft dd bio dim phy nft dupe binh ding vd co hdi tham gia quydt djnh vi tiiy hudng tiiinh qui aia Chuang trinb xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi.
Thti hai, Oiuc diy duty ddi quan nifm vi gioi, lofi bd dinh kiin gidi a ndng thdn. Theo dd, cin phai tiidn khai cic hogt dOng tuyen truydn ning cao nhin ttiiie va tiiay ddi quan nidm vd vai trd gidi trdng linh vyc sin xuit cung nhu tiiam gia xi hgi. Nam gidi cin tiiam gia nhidu hon trong cic hogt ddng gia dinh, tgo didu kien cho phy nft dupe hpc tgp, ning cao trinh dd vi tiiam gia cic bogt ddng cdng ddng, quin ly, lanh dgo. Tuyen tniydn cac tim guong didn hinh trong phit tridn kinh td va fliam gia xa hOi dd qua dd fliay ddi nhin fliiic cua cdng ddng ve kha nang ttiye hien vai trd aJa phy nft trong xa hpi, ddng flidi ning cao sy tu tin aia phy nft, die bi^t li gidi tre.
Thu ba. hd trp. nang cao nang luc cho phu nO trong phat tiiin kinh f^ tiidng qua td cbiic cic hogt ddng tip huin, oing cip tai heu hudng din cho phu nft vd nang cao kidn tiiue, tiidng tin ve san xuit, kinh doanh. phit tridn cic md hinh sin xuit mdi tiieo 10
hudng hieu qua, giam sue lao ddng cua nu gidi nhin ning cao thu nhip. tvr dd giiip phu nft cd nhidu cp |^
ban trong dio tgo. ning cao ning lue vi cai thifn if tiid xi bdi ciia hp. Cd cic chinb sich tgp didu ki^
cbo pbu nft tidp cin vdi cie ngudn vdn. tin dyng cOiw nhu bd trgr ning cao ning Ivrc dd khdi nghidp, thUi lip cic doanh nghidp d ndng thdn. qua dd tiiiic d^
vai trd va ning lyc ciia phy nft trong phit tridn sa xuit, kinh doanh nginh nghd. Ben canh dd td chiic tip huan vd vide tham gia cic bogt ddng xi hdi, tiani gia cdng tic quin ly, linb dgo ti-ong cdng ddng o ndng thdn.
TMliUTHJUHIOUO
1. BO NN&PTNT (2012). Binh ding gidi vi phit hidn ndng nghidp. ndng thdn. Bin tin lanh d^
sd 4/2012. Hi Ndi.
2. Hdi Lien hidp Phy nft Vi^t Nam (2015). Dinh gii tinh binh hidn khai, kdt qui fliyc hifn Chuong trinh mue tieu qudc gia xiy dung ndng tiidn mdi giai ddgn 2010-2015. Hi Ndi.
3. Nguydn Thi Anh Tuydt (2014). Huy ddng v&
xi hdi h-ong phit tiidn nginh nghd phi ndng nghidp o ndng tfidn phuc vu xay dyng ndng tiidn mdi. Sich chuyen khio. Nxb POioa hpc Xi hpi. Hi Ndi.
4. Nguydn Thj Anh Tuydt (2015). Phy nft trong sin xuit vi fliam gia xa hdi d ndng tiidn: Thyc hgng vi khuydn nghi chinh sich. Tgp ehi Ndng nghidp vi Phit tridn ndng flidn, sd ky 2, fliing 9.
5. Tdng cue Thdng ke (2014). Kdt qui didu tra vide lam nim 2013. Hi NOi.
6. Trin Thi Xuin Lan (2013). Phu nft ndng thta ti-ong phit tiidn kinh td cdng ddng. Tap chi Xi h«l hpc sd 3 (123). Hi Ndi.
7. UNDP (2012). Sy fliam gia ciia phy no hang vai trd lanh dgo vi quan ly d Vift Nam. Hi Ndi.
8. Bao cio "Dinh gii tinh hinh bidn khai, k*
qui thue hifn Chuong trinh myc tieu qudc gia xiy dyng ndng flidn mdi giai dogn 2010 - 2015" cua m Lien hiep Phu nft Vidt Nam.
9. Thdng cio bio ehi aia Td chiic lao ddng qudc td tai Vift Nam (ILO) ngiy 7 fliing 3 nim 2013.
10. Vfl Tidn Lde - Phong Thuong mgi vi Cong nghifp Vift Nam. Trang flidng tin Didn din Doanb nghifp Vift Nam. 08/03/2013.
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016
'•t/f-rz
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H |
POUCIES AND PRACTICES TO PROMOTE THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION SERVE NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION
NguyenTbi Anh T\iyet, Nguyen Van Chien Summary
Women are an important social force in rural areas. They just made reproduction hinctioa. concurrently major labor force in agriculture and rural areas. 80% of Vietnamese population is living in rural areas. Rural women represent a complex of ethnic communities different from each other in religions, age, at disparate culture levels, distributed over diverse living conditions of rural areas. About 72% of women in A^etnam are laborers making a difference in proportion of labor force as compared to otiier countries. In rural areas, female laborers constitute 60% of labor force producing 60% agricultural production. Rural women in Vietnam are the most important amongst the two producers of household's income. However, 90.5% of women as a whole have not been educated in vocational skills, as a result the technical knowledge of women in general very low, the most part (54.3%) of women has to take part in non professional works.
Therefore, in performance of their role, women encoimtered with too much impediments and challenges, which are particularly originated from the lack of knowledge, gender equity as well as the difficulties related to institution and accessibility to resources needed for economic development..The focus of this article is to analyze current policies and practices connected to the role of women in economic development and poverty alleviation in rural areas, on the base of which to set forth the proposals aiming to promote the role of women in economic fields that serve accomplishment of the objectives of new rural construction program.
Keywords: Women's role, poverty alienation, new rural area.
Ngudi phin bifn: TS. Duong Ngpc Thi Ngiy nhim bii: 29/7/2016
Ngiy tfadng qua pfain b i ^ 29/8/2016 Ngiy duydt ding: 5/9/2016
N 6 N G N G H I | P V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2016 11