NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
XAY DUNG TINH HUONG HUOMG NGHIEP vt N G H £ DIEN THONG OUA KHAI NIEM TRONG TAM LY HOC LAO DONG
1. Dat van de
Dimg trudc rigudng cira cupc ddi vdi thl gidi nghi nghiep ngay cing phong phii, da dang, HS (HS) THPT se chpn cho minh mgt nghe thich hpp vdi ning lye, sd thich bin thin vi dip iing nhu ciu xa hgi?. Diy li mpt dieu khdng de ding vi nhieu khi vugt ra ngoii khi ning ciia HS. Do dd^ viec td chiic hudng nghiep nham giiip HS dinh hudng vi lua chpn nghe nghiep tuang lai phil hgp vdi nang lye, tinh cich, sd thich ciia minh va phu hgp vdi yeu cau ciia xa hdi chinh li nhiem vy khdng the thieu cua cic ca sd dio tao nghe, ciia gia dinh vi xa hdi, trong do nhi trudng ddng vai trd true tiep va het sire quan trpng. Do vay, trong bii viet nay tic gii xin gidi thi^u mpt so tmh hudng hudng nghiep xuat phit tir nhirng dir lieu thyc te nhu: lam vdi ai? lim bang edng cy gi? trong nhirng bdi canh nio? cd nhung nii ro nao?...) de giiip HS hieu rd vl nghe, giy hiing thii vi dinh hudng cho HS lua chgn nghe thich hgp.
2. Myc dich, n$i dung hu-dug nghidp nghe di^n
1.1. Muc dich
Xiy dyng tinh hudng hudng nghipp nham giiip HS tim hieu cdng viee ciia ngudi thp lam vifc thyc tl tai bien trudng de cic em hieu biit han ve n^he dien, nim dugc nhung van de trpng tim cua
But Vin Hung lyuang CD Nghe Ky thudt Cong ngh4, TP. Ho Chi Minh nghe di?n vi tich cyc chu
dpng kham phi thdng tin nghi dipn vdi thl gidi nghe.
2.2. Ngi dung cdc tinh huong huang nghidp vi nghi dien
- Tinh huong 1: Chieu mgt dogn phim do thg di^n thuc hifn gdn cot vdo day cdp cho HSxem.
Tinh hudng dugc xiy dyng nhim cung cap thdng tin cho HS biet dugc qua trinh gan cdt vio day cip. HS xem doan phim thiy dugc cich thiic, phuang phip thuc hien cua thp dieri trong qui trinh thyc hien, biet dugc nhiem vy quy dinh trudc.
Diy li mpt tinh hudng mang tinh dai dien eho nghe dien, tinh hudng thg dipn thuc hipn lap tu dien ciing dugc giing day d trudng nen xay dyng tinh hudng niy de giiip HS khim phi kien thirc dugc hpc d trudng cd gi khic vdi kien thiic lao dpng thyc tl de tir dd giilp HS lien h? kien thiic dugc hpc d trudng, vdi kien thiic d cdng vi?c lao dpng thyc te.
- Tinh huong 2: Khdm phd cdc hogt dgng ngtrdi thgr difn da dirgfc phan tich thdng qua khdi nifm trong tdm ly lao dgng
Sau khi quan sit hai thp dipn thye hipn gin cot vao day eip giio vien phan tich boat dpng dd eho HS xem de xac dinh cic nhipm vy dugc giao, nguyen vgt lipu, cong cy, vgt thay thl, nhifm vy hipu qui
trong qui trinh thuc hifn gan tii dipn cua ngudi thp, lien hf kiln thiic da hpc vdi thl gidi lao dpng nhu sau:
Nhifm vy/cdng vifc dirgnc quy d|nh tnnic (Tacbe prescrile) Dd li nhihig cdng vifc/
nhifm vu dugc md ti, dupe lift ke, dugc giao mpt each rit chinh thiic. Hay con gpi li nhirng cdng viec/ nhifm vy quy dinh trudc. Ndi cich khac dd li nhung muc tieu, phuomg phip vi phuang tien cin dung de dat den mue dich do co quan dinh ra trudc.
Cong vifc thyx hifn t h ^ te/ nhifm vy t h ^ hifn (Tache effective)
Diy li tir diing de chi nhirng cdng vifc thyc sy dupe thyc hien. Trong thuc te lao dpng, cd nhtrng cdng vifc khdng dugc giao trudc (lift ke) nhung khi thyc hien chung ta vin phii lam. Nhiing vife dd lien quan den cdng vifc dugc giao. Ndi each khic, do la nhirng cdng vifc mi myc tieu ciia chiing do chmh nguoi lao dpng ty dat ra va thyc bifn. Cdng vifc nay tiiy thupc vio miic dp thiu hieu cua ngudi lao dpng doi vdi quy dinh da dat ra trudc do. Tuy thugc vio bdi cinh lim viee cy ihd. Dd cung chinh la mue dich, phuang phip do ngucri lao dpng hogc do tap the djnh nghia Iai
Vi dy: Thg dien thyc hifn nhifm vy dugc quy dinh trudc: quan bang keo vio
Ngay nhgn bai 05/01/2013; Ngdy duyfl ddng 1 8 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC
25/4/2013
5093-05/2013
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG dau cot.
* Bb v | t (Artefact) Trong md t i cdng vifc bao gid ciing ndi d i n dd vit d l thuc hien cdng vifc do, do vit la tat c i nhung vat the do con ngudi che tao ra vdi mdt muc dich x i c dinh.
Vl du: Ddng hd VOM l i mpt a6 vat su dung trong nginh dien
* Cong cu (Instrument) L i mpt cdng cu dugc sir dung trong mdt hoin cinh cy the. Ndi cich khic trong mpt hoin cinh bit budc, ngudi ta phii tao ra su kien (do vit) cd k h i ning xir ly d i p img, cac van de trong hoin cinh dd.
Thudng thi trong cic tii lieu, van b i n chinh thiic ndi rat nliieu ve do vit - cdng cu sir dyng tren ly thuyet m i khdng ndi nhieu ve cdng cu
Vi du: Thg dien sir dung cong cu VOM de kiem tra dien ip
* Vat thay the (Catachrese) Day la mpt tir mang tinh sing tao cua cic n h i ngdn ngii hpc, khi khdng cd tu tuomg ling de dien t i , ngudi ta diing nhiing tir cd tinh hinh tugng de bieu dgt.
Theo ngdn ngii ciia tim ly hgc lao dgng, catachrese dugc chl nhiing vat dyng/dyng cu/
do nghe dugc diing de thay the trong nhiing trudng hgp khi bi thieu hay khdng cd nhiing dung cy phii hgp (cdng cy dd ding le ra khdng phii de dinh cho nhiing cdng viec niy). Su cd mat ciia cic dd v i t thay the (catachrese) giiip cho ngudi lao dgng hoin thinh cdng viec cua minh. Viec sir dung vat thay the the hien su sing tao
Bernard Prol, 2008, Tam ly hgc lao dpng, bai Bernard Prot. Tki li$u dS din Bernard Prot. Tai li;u da dan Bernard Prot. TM li?u dS dan
cua ngudi lao dgng ddi vdi cic cdng cu mang tinh nhin tao.
Vi du: Thp di^n dung biia v i dye de ddng cdt thay the kim
* Thirc te hoat dpng (Le reel de Tactivite)
Theo Clot (2000) thuc t l boat dgng "la nhirng viic gi (hay cdi gi) dinh ldm, muon ldm md khong ldm dugc hay khong nen ldm. Co the hieu cdch khde, thuc te hogt dgng la su that bgi edi md minh mong muon, hy vgng co le hay CO the ldm dugc. Ngugc lgi.
do cdng Id nhimg gi dugc ldm di khoi phdi ldm cdi viec phdi ldm, ldm lgi, ldm la, ldm mgt cdch vo tinh" Vi dy: Ngudi thp dien dua tren cdng cu biia v i due de xiy dung cdng viec rdi dung chiing de ddng cdt nhung thuc te thi chiing khdng cd chiic nang dd.
* Kieu cich/ the loai van hoa nghe nghiep (Genre professionnel)
Giiia cdng viec theo quy dinh va cdng viec trong thuc te cd mpt van de mang tinh chit phan dinh. Su phan dinh ngim i n trong the gidi nghe nghiep/ cdng viec niy gidng nhu su phan dinh cac nhdm, cic loai hinh (the loai) trong xa hpi. Cii do dugc ggi l i kilu cich hay the loai van hoa nghi nghiep, Noi mgt each khic, van boa nghe nghiep l i mpt kilu cich hanh nghe, coi nhu la nhijng "su bit bupc"
m i trong nghe ai cung biet khi n i o phii lam neu mudn thuc bifn dupe tdt cdng viec, mac dil kilu cich lim niy doi khi trii b i n vdi quy dinh.
Vi du: Khi thyc hien gan
cdt v i o day c i p each thuc hifn ciia hai thp dien gidng nhau trong Cling cdng viec: thg dien 1 dung biia ddng cdt v i o day cap, thg dien 2 ciing diing biia de ddng cdt vao cip, day chinh l i ciing vin hda nghe nghiep trong ciing mdt tip the.
* Phong each boat dpng (Styles d'activite)
Phong cich boat ddng cua mdi c i nhan chinh li cdng viec do kieu cich van hda nghe nghiep tao ra. Ndi dung ban, dd chinh l i sy bien hda cua the loai (genre) trong mpt moi trudng hay trong mgt hoan canh cy thl n i o do. Va cung chinh VI the, trong liic dang hanh dpng, ngudi ta bit bugc phai "kheo leo, nhanh tay"j linh hoat, biet cich lam the n i o cho phu hgp vdi nhirng kieu tuy "bien dang", cd khac han mgt it nhung ciing nam chung trong mot "kieu each nghe nghiep".
Vi du: Thp dien 1, 2 cung mgt cdng viec dong cdt nhung each ddng khac nhau: Thp dien 2 _ thi dung due dong tir tren thang xuong, thp dien 1 dung due dong nghieng qua.
Do la phong each thuc hien ciia mdi ngudi. Do chinh la phong cich lam viec ciia thg dien lip tu dien dieu khien cho cac may sin xuat.
Dua tren cac dii lieu da phan tich cin bp hudng nghiep giiipHS khim p h i su khic biet giiia kien thiic dugc hpc d nha trudng, kien thirc lao dpng, trong the gidi lao ddng cd su sing tao trong q u i trinh thyc hien. Day l i tinh hudng giiip HS hieu dugc nhiem vu quy
liijiS Th&c Sl chuyen nganh tam ly hpc va thi;c hinh hucmg nghi?p
(.. Xem liep trang 22) TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 - 1 9
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG ldi sdng linh mgnh, tu hoin thien b i n thin, hinh thinh nen mpt n h i n cich cua ngudi CBCC N h i nude.
T i i lifu t h a m khao 1. Nghi dinh so 63/2010/
ND- CP ngdy 08/6/2010 ve Kiim sodt thu tuc hdnh chinh ciia Chinh phii, nam 2010.
2. Nghi quyet so 30c/NQ- CP ngdy 08/11/2011 ban hdnh Chucmg trinh tong the edi
cdch hdnh chinh nhd nu&c giai dogn 2011-2020 cua Chinh phu nam 2011.
3. Quyit dinh so 129/2007/
QD-TTg ngdy^02/8/2007 ban hdnh Quy ehe vdn hoa eong sa tgi cdc ca quan hdnh chinh nhd nu&c kem theo ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii, nam 2007.
4. Quyit dinh so 4014/QD- BGDDT ngdy 27/9/2012 vi Quy chi vdn hoa cong s& ea quan Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo,
nam 2012.
S u m m a r y Work culture is understood as the rules and standards of conduct among civil servants (who represent the state administrative agencies) and between civil servants and citizens in order to maximize the capacity to achieve the highest efficiency in public service activities.
XAY DUNG TINH HUONG HUOMG NGHIEP.
(tiep tt?m
dinh trudc ciia nghe dien. Tinh budng nay giiip HS biet dugc trong boat ddng lao dgng cd nhiing cdng cy do ngudi thg sang tao, sau tinh hudng niy HS nhin thuc dupe ring, de sir dung dd ^ vit trong nghe dien tdt thi can phai ren luyen cic ky ning, nhtrng do vat mang tmh sang tgo ciia ngudi lao ddng.
- Tinh huong 3: To chuc cho HS thdo lugn cong viee gdn cot vdo ddy cdp md thg dien da thuc kien
Tinh hudng niy giup HS tu x i y dyng dugc phieu thdng tin nghe difn thdng qua boat ddng nhdm. D i y l i tinh hudng de thio luin tdng hpp cic kien thiic eiia tinh hudng 1, tinh hudng 2, giiip HS ty khim p h i nghe difn thdng qua bdn cau hdi nhu sau:
/ . Ldm cong viic ndy cho ai?
2 Ldm eong viee ndy di ldm gi?
3. Ldm cong viic ndy v&i cdi gi?
4. Ldm cong viic ndy v&i ai?
3. K i t luan
Bii vilt da x i y dung mpt
so tinh hudng hudng nghifp de cung c i p thdng tin v l nghe difn thdng qua cac khii niem trong t i m ly hge lao ddng nhu: cdng cu, vit chit, nhiem vu, nhifm vu quy djnh trudc, nhiem vu hifu q u i , kieu cich hogt ddng, thuc te ciia boat dong. Day l i nhiing khii nifm rit quan trgng trong viec x i y dung tai lifu cung c i p thdng tin budng nghiep v l n g h i dien ndi rieng, thdng tin hudng nghifj) noi chung.
De td chiic tdt hudng nghifp cho HS cin phii d i m b i o tinh khoa hpc, sii dung cic phuang p h i p hgp ly, cin bd hudng nghiep can phii thuc hien diing qui trinh d l dgt dugc nhiing ket qua nhit dinh trong cdng tic hudng nghifp. Ddng thai cin bp hudng nghifp cin cd sy linh boat trong q u i trinh thyc hien, khdng nen r i p khudn, cung nhic. Can bd hudng nghiep phii hieu diing vai trd cua minh trong q u i trinh thuc hifn hudng nghiep cho HS, chii y gitr diing chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia minh trong q u i trinh hudng nghiep trinh su n h i m lin giira vai trd cua ngudi lim
cdng tic budng nghifp, vai tro giio vien trong td chiic hudng nghifp cho HS.
Tai lifu t h a m k h i o 1. Ding Danh Anh, Nhiing neo du&ng lap nghiip, NXB Van hda Thdng tin. H i Npi. 2003.
2. Dgng Danh Anh, Mo td nghe & Viet Nam, Bdi gidng Thgc sT chuyin ngdnh tdm ly hgc vd thuc hdnh hu&ng nghiep, Khoa Su phgm Dai hpc Qudc gia H i Npi. 2007.
3. Prot Bernard, Tdm ly hge lao dgng. Bdi gidng Thgc si ehuyen ngdnh tdm ly hgc vd thu chdnh huang nghifp, Vien INETOP - CNAM, Phap. 2007.
4. Pham T i t Dong, Tu van hu&ng nghiep, NXB Giao due.
2007.
5. Pham Van Som, Tu van hu&ng nghiep- chgn nghe.
NXB Giio dye. H i Ndi. 2009.
6. Trung tim Lao dpng - Hudng nghifp. So toy tu vdn hu&ng nghigp, NXB Giio due.
2007.
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