Tap chi Khoa hpc DHQGHN, N'ghien c u Giao due, Tap 29, So' 2 (2013) 10-23
Nghien cuu dh xuit ap dung cac kT thuat danh gia trong lop hoc cho bac hpc ph6 thong a Viet Nam
Dao Hoa Mai', Sai Cong H6ng^ Le Thai Himg', Dinh Thi Kim Thoa', Nguyen Thi Nggc Bich', Le Kim Long*''
'Trudng Dai Gido due - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Noi, 144 Xuan TImy. Cdu Gidy. Hd Koi. I 'lei Nam
^ Viin Dam bao Chdt luang Gido due - Dai hoc Qudc Gia Hd Noi. Viei Nam Nhgn bai ngay 1! thdng 4 nSm 2012
Chinh sua ngdy 24 thing 5 ndm 2013: Chip nhgn dang ngdy 04 thing 12 ndm 2013 T6m tat: Ddnh gid trong Icrp hpc dupc xem U thdnh td ca bdn frong gido due giup hpc Sinh xdc djnh dupc nhu cau, nine cao kha ndng hpc tdp; trong d6 cac ki thudi ddnh gid trong ldp hoc duoc xem Id cong cy, phuong lien chuven tai npi dung den nguoi hgc trong qua trinh daj' hgc. Vi^c sii dyng cdc ki thugt danh gid s& gop phdn kich thich nSng lyc sdng tao trong dg\ hpc va giiip ngudi dgy lim ra bi?n phap de nang cao chSt lupng giang dgy. Thong tin phan hdi tir ngudi hgc chinh la dgng lyc de ngudi dgy tim tdi, khdm phd nhiing phuang phap dgy hpc mdi nham muc dich giiip cho ngudi hpc tien bp. Chinh vi vgy. \'i^c nghien ciiu h? thong cac kT Ihudl danh gid trong lop hoc tren th^ gioi vd \'an dyng phii hpp vdi gido due pho thong Viet Nam hien nay la vdn ih cap thiet, nhim hudng den kiem tra ddnh gia nhu Id hogt ddng hgc tdp.
Tir khoa. Ki thugt danh gid trong lop hpc. kich thich ndng lyc. giai quyet van de. nSng lyc sdng tgo. ndng lyc phan bi^n.
1. Tong quan ve cic kl thuat danh gia trong Iffp h^c
Ddnh gia qua trinh trong ldp hoc khuyen khich sy tien bo ciia hoc sinh va qua trinh ty danh gia. Tai Phan Lan, thanh cdng trong giao due la ket qua cua mdt qudc gia ap dung hieu qua phirong phap danh gia qua trinh va danh gia tdng kdt (Katie A. Hendrickson, Ohio University, 2012). Muc dich danh gia la nhdm hudng din va thiic day viec hoc cung nhu nhirng kT ndng ty danh gia cho ngudi hoc.
Phuong phap danh gia la sy k4t hyp giQa qua
trinh giao due, kT nang lam viec ciing nhir hanh vi (Finnish National Board of Education, 2010).
Quy trinh danh gia \d^ hpc tai Phan Lan cho phep giao vien danh gia va dieu chinh chuong trinh giang day dua tren nhu cdu ciia hoc sinh.
Ddi vdi Uc, danh gia \ap hoc dugrc coi la thanh td CO ban yong giao due va lgi ich ciia danh gia trong ldp hpc chinh la chu trpng chiSu sau caa qua trinh hpc tap (J J Gumming, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2010).
Singapore vdi nhung kinh nghiem xay dyng Idp hoc/trudng hoc tu duy va dilm mdi trong he thdng thi cir chinh la sii dung bai tap Dy an.
Trong khi Anh dang hudng tdi he thdng danh gia chu trpng vao hieu qua (danh gia trong ldp hpc) thi Scotland, Wales va BJc Ailen tham chi
D.H MmvarniL/Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Nghien cmi Gido due. Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 10-23
dd cd nh&ng budc tien xa hon trong nhung each tiep can trong danh gia qua trinh. Qua cac nghien cuu v^ kiem tra danh gia trong lop hoc va kJ thuat kiem tra danh gia trong idp hoc cua cac nude tren thfi gidi cd thi tdng hop va phan
chia thanh 3 nhom kT thuat danh gia la: (i) KT thuat damh gia kien thiic va ki nang; (ii) KT thuat danh gia thai dp, gia tri va sy ty nhan thiic ciia ngydi hoc; (iii) KT thuat danh gia phan iing cua ngudi hpc ddi vdi hudng dan hpc.
Bang 1: Gioi thieu mgt so kT thudl danh gid trong Idp bpc I. KI thuat ddnh ^id kien Ihirc \i kT nSns
1.1. Danh gid nhOng thong tin uu tien, sy hdi tudng. sy hieu bill
1.2. Ddnh gid kT ndng trong phdn tich vd tu duy phe phdn
1.3.Danh giaki ndng tdng hop vasii> nghisangtao
1.4. Danh gia kT ndng giai quvet van de
1.3. Ddnh gid kT ndng ling dung v& the bi^n
[1]. Danh gia kien thiic chung [2]. Chu d§ chpn Igc [3]. Kiem tra nhOng nhdn bi^ sai ldm [4J. Dan J khu\6t
[5]. Ma trgn tri nhd [6]. Gidy ghi chep lai [7]. Diem mo hd [8]. He ihong phan logi hda (9]. Ma tran dgc diem nhdn dinh [ 10]. H^ thdng thugn va nghich [11]. Dan y npi dung, hinh thiic vd chiic ndng fl2I. Ghi nho cd phdn tich
[ 13]. Tdm tat bang mpt cdu [14]. Tir chu de
[ 15]. Giai thich sy tuong ddng tuong ty [16]. Soddtuduy
[17] Tao nen nhiJng cupc hpi thoai [18] Cac chii thich kem theo [ 19], Cac nhiem vy nhgn dien van de [20]. Ngu\en tdc Id gi?
[2!]. Trinh bay cdc phuong phap giai quylt vdn de [22]. Ghi dm vd ghi hinh
[23]. Dien giai tryc tiep [24]. The iing dyng [25]. Cdu hoi kiSm tra ciia hoc sinh [26]. Mo hinh ldp hpc \'a mo hinh thi diem [27]. To roi du an hodc bdi nSl 2. Cdc phinrne phdp ddnh sia thdi dp, gia irj vji sir tir nhan thirc cua ngiriri hoc 2.1. Danh gid nhgn thiic ciia hpc smh ve thdi dg
vd gid tri cua hp
2 2 Danh gid sy tihgn thuc ciia hpc sinh voi vai trd ngueri hpc
2 3. Ddnh gid \\^c hpc lien quan din khoa hpc va nghien ciiu ki ndng. chien lupc v a hdnh vi
[28]. Trung cau > ki^n ldp hpc [29]. Tgp chi kep
[30]. Ho so ciia nhitng ca nhdn dupc ngu&ng rap [3I].Tinh huong tien thodi ludng nan hdng ngay [32 j . Khao sat su tu tin lien quan den khda hoc [33]. Phac hpa tu trujen mpt each trpng tam [34]. Bdn liei ke kl nang/hieu biet/sy quan tdm [35]. Phil hpp hda % a \ep hang myc tieu [36]. Phuang phdp tu danh gid viec hpc [37]. Ban ghi thai gian bpc [38]. Cac bai giang dung gid [39]. Phan tich qua trinh [40|. Qua trinh hpc tgp chudn dodn 3, KT tbudt dinh eii phan artz cua nsiroi hoc doi ^ 6i hirarRg ddn hpc
D.H. Mai vo nnk. I Tap ehi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, J- •u Gido due. Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 10-23
3.1. Ddnh gid phan img cua ngudi hpc ddi voi giao vien va ^ u a n g pi\ap dgy
[41]. Chuoi ghi nha [42]. Khao sal di?n tii
[43]. Nhihig phieu phan hdi danh cho gido vien [44]. Thdng tin phan hdi ve viSc hucmg ddn theo nhom [451. Vdng trdn chdt lugng danh gid ldp hpc
3 2 Danh gid phan irng cua ngudi hpc \e cdc hoai dpng ciia Idp hpc. 1^ tap vd idi li^u
[46]. RS0C2 (Nhd Igi, Tdm tst. Ddi cdu hoi. Kat n Binh lugn)
[47]. Danh gid ldm vi^c nhdm [48]. Bang danh gid bdi dpc [49]. Ddnh gia bdi t^p [50], Danh gid ki thi Kiem tra danh gia trong giao due cd gia tri
khdng chi cho ngudi day, ngudi hpc ma cdn ca nha quan li. Day ciing la khau quan trpng tac ddng Idn den qua trinh nang cao chat lupng giao due dao tao. \'iec kiem tra danh gia khach quan. nghiem tuc, dung cach, diing hudng se la dpng luc manh me khich le sy vuon len trong hpc tap, thiic day sy tim toi sang tao khdng ngimg cua nguoi hpc.
2. Thv'c tr^ng kiem tra danh gia trong ldp hpc bac pho thdng cr \'iet Nam
6 Viet Nam. mpt ffong nhirng vdn de ndi cpm hien nay trong giao due phd thdng la ddi mdi chucmg trinh va phuang phap giang day.
Tuy nhien, theo y kien cua rat nhieu chuyen gia va cac nha giao dye thi thay mdt thyc trang la nha tnrdng va thay cd trong cac tiudng phd thdng dang gay ap lyc ddi vdi hpc sinh bdng cac dpt kilm tra, thi giiTa ki. cudi ki, thi tdt nghiep. Nhilu GV va HS cho rdng each kilm Ua danh gia hi?n nay la lac hgu, thieu khach quan, chua chinh xac va hon nira, di ngupc vdi muc tieu cua giao dye phd thdng duoc xac dinh tnDng Lugt Giao dye la phat triln con ngudi loan dien. Ddi vdi chuong trinh giao due phd thdng hien nay, myc lieu danh gia dupc phan chia thanh ba ITnh \uc la kiln thiic. kJ nang va thai dp. Muc tieu thupc moi ITnh vyc lai dupc dien ta cu ihl hon boi cac chuan kiln thuc, ky ndng. Ben canh myc tieu duoc phan chia nhu
tren, can hudng tdi muc tieu danh gia theo each tiep cdn ndng luc. Nhilu nha giao due va quan H deu ddng tinh vdi quan diem ddi mdi hoat dpng kiem tra danh gia la "mdt khau dot pha" ciia cdng cupc ddi mdi can ban va toan dien giao due nhu nghi quylt TU 8 da khdng dinh. Tuy nhien, hien nay trong thyc tien giao due, kiem tra danh gia chua dupc GV, ngudi hpc va nha quan ly su dung xiing tam gia tri su pham cua nd.
Ve CO s& phdp li, Bd GDDT nghien ciiu va da thdng qua hp thdng vdn ban phap quy vl thyc hi?n cdng tac kilm tra danh gid d nhi trudng va cung da cd nhung dilu chinh cy thi theo tiing giai dogn. Cu thi Quy chi danh gii, xep logi ngudi hpc trung hpc ca sd vk ngudi hpc trung hpc pho thdng ban hanh theo Quylt dinh sd 40/2006/QD-BGDDT; Quylt djnh sd 51/2008/QD-BGDDT Sua ddi, bd sung mpt so dieu cua Quy che danh gia, xIp loai ngudi hpc trung hpc co sd va ngudi hpc tnmg hpc phd thdng ban hanh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 40/2006/QD- BGDDT; Thdng tu s6 58/2011/TT-BGDDT, Ban hanh Quy chi danh gia, xIp loai ngudi hpc trung hoc co sd va ngudi hpc trung hpc phd thdng. Nhiing diem tich eye trong cong tac chi dao va trien khai hoat ddng danh gia d nh^
trudng pho thdng:
[1]. Ket qua hpc tap cua ngudi hpc dd duyc so sanh vdi yeu ciu cSn dat duoc v l kiln thiic, kT nang cua tiing mon hpc;
[2]. Da dgng hda hinh thiic danh gia, loai bai kiem tra;
D J i Mm vi mA. I Tgp chi Khoa hoe DHQGHN. N^ien ciru Giao due. Tap 29. Sol (2013110-23
[3]. Da dang hda cac loai thdng tin ve chiing d i thanh cdng cua ngudi hpc;
[4]. Ket hprp kit qua hpc tap dinh tinh va kit qua hpc tap dinh lupng:
[5]. Nhan manh vai trd cua nang lyc quan li.
chi dao cua can bd quan li, naing lyc trien khai cua giao vien ddi vdi viec ddi mdi danh gia kit qua hpc tap cua ngudi hpc phd thdng.
Ve casa ihrc lien, hoai dpng kiem tra danh gia d cac nha trudng phd thdng cho thiy mot sd diem manh nhu sau:
[1]. Ve nhan thiic, da sd can bp quan li, giao vien da nhan thiic dupc muc dich quan trpng nhat ciia hoat ddng danh gia. Do dd, giao vien da nhan thiic can giam ap lyc cua diem s6 v i diem so chi cd tac dyng khi xep loai hpc lyc.
dong tbdi tang cuong nhan xet de giiip ngudi bpc nhin thav ro nbiing yeu kem. sai lech cua minh trong hpc tap va tim each khac phyc:
[2]. \ ' e phuang thuc danh gia, cdc nha tmdng da va dang trien khai hoat dong danh gia ket qua hpc tap theo mdt tien trinh gom ba cdng doan vdi hanh ddng cu the la thu thap thdng tin danh gia, xii li va phan tich thdng tin da thu thap. ra quyet dinh danh gia.
Ben c^nh nhung uu diem co ban tren. cac vdn ban phap quy \e hoat ddng kiem tra danh gia cdfl mot sd han che din den vdn tdn tai nhirng ban che ca ban ve nhan thiic va ve phuang thuc trong thyc tiln tnen khai hoat dpng danh gia. Cu the:
[1]. Chua xac dinh \ a thuc hien dupc chiic nang cung cap thong tin de dieu chinh boat dpng quan ii, day va hpc;
[2]. Npi dung \'an ban khd de giao vien. cac co so giao due thyc hien dam bao tinh quy chuan, khach quan cua hoat dpng cua viec kiem tra danh gia;
[3]. Hogt dpng kiem tra danh gia nhu trong cac vdn ban chua cd tbi lam cam cu de danh gid sy riln bp cua nguoi hpc:
[4]. Chua dam hao duoc yeu cau toan dien cua hoat ddng kiem tra danh gia;
[5]. Chua phat huy dupc vai trd chii ddng cua ngudi hpc vdi hoat dpng kiem tra danh gia;
[6]. Mot sd bd phan giao vien chua dat ca yeu cau ve tam va tai trong hoat dpng ktem tra danh gii.
Qua nhihig phan tich tren cd the thay. hoat ddng kiem tra danh gia d nha tmdng phd ihdng hien nay mdi chi thyc hien duac mdt phan chiic ndng su pham cua nd dd la danh gia ket qua hpc tap \'a ren luyen cua ngudi hpc. Ngoai ra cdn nhihig han che nhu chua dap ung dupc yeu cau toan dien. ddi khi con thieu khach quan...; viec cung cap nhimg thdng tin quan tipng. cd gia tri giup nha quan ti, ngudi day va ngudi hpc dieu chinh trong hoat dpng giao due cdn rat ban che.
Kiem tra danh gia mdi chi dupc xem nhu mdt kenh cung cap thdng tin ve ket qua hpc tap mdt each chua toan dien, chir chua dupc nhin nhan nhu rapt cdng cu, phuang phap day va hpc hiiu hieu. NhQng he qua nay cd nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung chii yeu la:
- Chua cd van ban p h ^ quy hudng dan mdt each chi tiet cu the, djnh hudng diing vai trd chuc nang cua hoat dpng kiem tra danh gia trong nha tmdng;
- Trinh dd chuyen mdn ve kiem tra danh gia cua nha quan If cac co sd, giao vien chua ddng deu, chua dap iing dupc viec thyc hien cac yeu cau cua kiem tra danh gia;
- Thai dp chua dung myc cua mpt bp phan nha quan ly va giao vien ddi vdi tim quan trpng cua viec kiem tra danh gia.
3. Kel qua nghien ciiii thuc tien 3 I. Qua ddnh gid cua dgi ngii cdn bg quan li
Nghien ciiu duac thyc hien tai 05 dja diem khac nhau la: Hai Phdng, Nghe An, Da Ndng.
Lam E)dng va thanh pho Hd Chi Minh. Tdng sd
D H- Mai va nnk. I Tgp chi Khoa hoe DHQGHN. Nghien eieu Gido due. Tap 29. Sc 2 (20W10-23
can bd tham gia tra ldi phieu phdng van ban cau tnic la 133 ngudi, trong dd 75 ngudi dupc phdng van sau va thu nhan y kien ciia nhieu can bd quan li khac trong hpi thao trao ddi ve thyc trang kiem tra, danh gia trong Idp hpc tai cac sd, cac dja phuong tren ea nude. Ket qua cho thay cd tren 80% y kien cho rang co ap dung cae phuang phap/hinh thtrc danh gia tiong idp hpc:
- Phuang phap/hinh thiic danh gia trong Idp hpc "Thdng qua cac bai kiem tra djnh ki theo quy dinh" cd97,7% can bd quan li cho ring cd sir dung phuang phap/hinh thuc nay, thdng tin nay co nghla 1^ phuang ph^)/hiiih thiic nay cac tmdng phd thdng duoc khao sat ap dyng nhieu nhat;
- Phucmg phap cd ti le can bp quan li lya chpn thap nhat la ''Thdng qua quan sat cac hoat dpng hang ngay cua hpc sinh va ghi chii vao nhgt ki giang day ciia GV" (75,9% y kiln cho rdng cd sii dung phuang phap/hinh thiic nay).
Nhu vgy, viec sii dung phuang phap/hinh thiTC ddnh gid trong Idp hoc dupc trien khai rat tot tgi c^c trudng. Tuy nhien viec ap dung cac phuong phap/hinh thiic danh gid chi mdi tap tmng chij yeu vio cdc npi dung:
- Cdc bdi kiem Ira djnh ki theo quy djnh, - Cac cau hdi phat van ngdn diln ra trong tiet hpc;
- Hinh thuc thao luan nhdm (ky nang diln dat, trinh bay, phdn vai. kT nang hpp tac nhdm).
Ngoai ra, ket qua phdng van sau nhdm can bp quan ly ve cic npi dung lien quan din thyc trang kiem tra danh gii cho thiy: 95,4% can bp quan li duac phong van cho rang viec thyc hien phuang phap danh gia hpc sinh hien nay chu yeu cbl la danh gia kien thuc, kl nang hpc duoc, chua danh gia dupc nang luc ngudi hpc;
8l.3°o can bd quan li cho rang phuong phap danh gia hpc sinh tren ldp hien nay chua thiic da\ dupc ngudi hoc ciing nhu giao vien cd nhiing dieu chinh viec day va hpc ngay trong qua trinh day hpc; Ngoai ra, 100% can bo quan
li cho bilt thuc hien diing theo thdng tu quy djnh ve dinh gia xep loai hpc sinh phd thdng;
12,6% can bd quan li cho biet cd phdi hpp vdi mpt sd danh gia thudng xuyen nhu: cho hpc sinh thuyet trinh, ty cham diem lln nhau .. de tinh la diem thudng xuydn cho hpc sinh {chu yeu d cac tmdng THPT chuyfin)...
Ket hpp vdi ket qua khao sat va phong van bin cau tnic, chiing tdi nhan thiy vi£c kiem tra dinh gia hpc sinh cdn mang ndng tinh hinh thiirc, chii trpng vao diem sd ma chua chii y den nang cao chat lupng. HS mang tam li n^ng ne trong kiem tra chua xem day nhu la hoat d^ng hpc tap va vi hoat ddng hpc tap. Ngoai ra, cac em chua nit kinh nghiem trong timg bai kiem tra, timg npi dung danh gia de hoan thien, cung cd, bd sung nhiing kien thiic ma ban than cdn thieu sdt.
3 2 Nguyen nhdn chu yeu Id do
• Viec ap dung cac phuang phip/hinh thiic kiem tra danh gii hpc sinh c3n cii theo yeu cau cua Bp Giao dye va Dao tgo quy djnh vi?c danh gia xep loai hoc sinh pho thdng;
- Tinh thuan Ipi, quen thupc khi ap dyng cic phuang phap/hinh thiic danh gia truyen thong.
Ket qua danh gia thyc trang ciing cho thiy viec ip dyng cac phuong phip/hinh thiic kilm tra danh gii trong Idp hpc thdng qua: (1) quan sat cic hoat ddng hang ngiy cua HS va ghi chu vao nhat ki giang day cua GV, (2) HS khic nhan xet ban, (3) hinh thiic ty ban than HS nhan xet minh ciing da dupc cac tmdng trien khai ip dyng (trfen 70% y kien lya chpn phuang in cd sii dung cic phuong phip/hinh thiic dinh gia nay).
3.3. Kit gua phdn lich tuang quan Cic nhdm kT thuat dupc sii dung trong kilm tra danh gia ket qui hpc tap cua HS phd thong tip tmng vao cac nhdm kT thuat: phat triln kT nang cho HS. dinh gia thdng qua boat dpng quan sat va ghi nhat ki theo ddi ciia GV. Tuy
DJ{. Mm va nnk. I Tap ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Nghihi cuu Gido due. Tap 29. So 2 (2013) 10-23
nhi£i), nhdm kT thuat su dyng bii kiem tra dinh gia ndng lyc HS khdng c6 tuong quan vdi cic nhdm kT thuat cdn lai. Nguyfin nhan cd the la do dgc difim cua tirag nhdm kT thuat: (1) nhdm kt thugt dinh gia kT ndng, thai dp cua HS; (2) nhdm kl thugt danh gii ndng lyc HS thdng qua cac bai kilm t r a
4. Qua danb gia cua dpi ngii giao vien trirc tiep giang day
4.1. Nghien cuu Arac ihrc hi?n thdnh 02 gica dogn - Giai doan 1: Bd cdng cu khio sit dupc tien hanh thu nghiem tai tinh Thai Nguyen vdi Bang 2. Ddc diem khich the
15 cin bp quan li va 97 giao vien cic tmdng phd thdng den tii cac Sd Giao due va dao tao:
Lang Son, Thii Nguyen, Bdc Kan, Bdc Giang, Cao Bing, Yen Bii, Phu Tho, Ha Giang, Lao Cai.
- Giai dogn 2; Nghien ciiu chinh thiic duoc lua chpn bang phuang phip chpn miu nglu nhien 750 giio vien phd thdng va cin bp quan li cic Sd Giio due va Dao tao, cic tmdng phd thdng da tham gia Idp tip huan cdng tic g i ^ vien chu nhiem he 2013. Sd bang hdi thu ve l i 600, sau khi xit li lim saeh thd va xu li lam sgch tinh, kich thudc mlu cudt cimg dimg de xu li n = 550. Dgc diem mau trong nghidn cuu chinh thiic trinh bay trong bang 2:
Irong nghien ciru chinh thitc DSc diem khdch th£ nghien ciru
Loai hinh tmdng
Cong lap Tutfauc Khac Bo sdi Tong
Trinh dd bpc van Tiln si ThgcsT Cunhdn Khdc Bdsot Tdng
Thfim nifin giang dgy Duoi 5 ndm Tir 5 den 10 ndm Tir 10 den 15 ndm Tit 15 din 20 ndm Hon 20 nam Bo sot Tdng
TlnsS 498 3 10 39 550 2 73 413 16 46 550 16 124 225 63 85 37 550
Tansii»l(%) 90.5 0.5 1.8 7.1 100.0 0.4 13.3 75.1 Z9 8.4 100.0 2.9 22.5 40,9 11.5 15.5 6.8 100.0 Cdng cu khao sdt: phieu hoi gdm 03 phan
• Phdn I: Miic dp am hieu ciia GV tap tmng vao 10 nhdm kT thugt danh gia sau:
[1] Danh gia nhitng thdng tin thu duac, sy hdi tuang. sy hieu biet (08 cau hdi)
[2] Dinh gia kT nang phin tich va tu duy phe phin (04 ciu hoi)
[3] Danh gii kT nang tdng hpp v i tu duy sang tao (06 cau hdi)
[4] Dinh gia kT nang giai quyet vin de (04 cau hdi)
DHMaiva nnk. I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Nghiin cm Gido due. Tap 29. So 2 (2013) 10-23
[5] Dinh gia kT ndng ung dung va ndng lyc thyc hien (05 cau hoi)
[6] Danh gia nhan thiic cua hpc sinh vl thii dp va gia tn ciia hp (05 cau hoi)
[7] Dinh gia sy nhan thiic cua ngudi hpc vl vi^chpc (04 cau hdi)
[8] Danh gii viec hpc lien quan den mdn hpc vd nghien ciiu kT nang, phuang phap va hinh vi hpc tgp (04 cau hoi)
[9] Dinh gia phan hoi ciia ngudi hpc ddi vdi giio vien va phuong p h ^ day (05 cau hdi)
[10] Danh gia phdn hoi cua ngudi hpc v l cac hogt ddng ciia ldp hpc, bii tap va tai Ii?u (05 cau hdi).
• Phdn 11- Tin suit ap dung cac kT thuat dinh gii trong ldp hoc tap tmng vdo 10 nhdm k! thuat dinh gia sau:
[1] Dinh gia nhiing thdng tin thu dupc, sy hdi tuang, sy hilu bilt (08 cau hdi)
[2] Dinh gia kT ndng phan tich va tu duy phe phan (04 cau hdi)
[3] Dinh gii kT ndng tdng hpp va tu duy sing tgo (06 ciu hoi)
[4] Danh gii kT nang giai quyet van de (04 cau hdi)
[5] Danh gia kT nang ling dyng v i ndng luc thuc hi?n (05 ciu hdi)
[6] Danh gia nhgn thiic ciia hpc sinh ve thii dp va gia tri ciia hp (05 cau hdi)
[7] Dinh gii su nhan thiic ciia ngudi hpc ve viec hpc (04 cau hdi)
[8] Dinh gii viec hoc lien quan den mdn hpc v i nghien ciiu ki ndng, phuang phdp va hanh vi hpc tgp (04 cau bdi)
[9] Danh gii phan hdi ciia ngudi hpc ddi vdi giao vien va phuang phap day (05 cau hoi)
[10] Dinh gia phan hdi ciia ngudi hpc ve cic hoat ddng cua Idp hpc, bai tip va tii lieu (05 cau hoi).
• Phdn IIT Miic dp cin thiet cua cic kT thuat danh gii trong Idp hpc tap tning vio 10 nhdm kT thuat dinh gii sau:
[I] Danh gia nhirng thdng tin thu dupc, sy hdi tudng, sy hilu bilt (08 cau hoi)
[2] Dinh gia kT nang phan tich va tu duy phe phan (04 cau hoi)
[3] Dinh gii kT nang tdng hop va tu duy sing tao (06 cau hdi)
[4] Danh gia ki nSng giai quylt vin d l (04 cau hdi)
[5] Danh gii kl ndng iing dyng va nang lyc thyc hien (05 cau hoi)
[6] Dinh gii nhan thiic cua hpc sinh vl thai dp va gii tri ciia hp (05 cau hdi)
[7] Danh gii sy nhin thirc cua ngudi hpc ve vi^c hpc (04 cau hdi)
[8] Danh gii vi?c hpc lien quan den mdn hpc v i nghien ciiu kT ndng, phuang phap va binh vi hpc tap (04 cau hdi)
[9] Dinh gia phan hdi cua ngudi hpc ddi vdi giio vien vd phuong phap day (05 cau hdi)
[10] Danh gii phan hdi cua ngudi hpc ve cac hogt dpng ciia Idp hpc, bai tap va tai lieu (05 cau hdi).
4.2. Kel qua phdn tich
Ve miic dp am hieu ciia GV (kfit qua GVTDG) ddi vdi cac kl thugt dinh gii trong Idp hpc tap trung chii yeu vao 11 npi dung sau:
- GV kiem tra lai cac kien thiic cQ c6 lien quan den ndi dung hpc mdi chuan bj giing day de biet nhiing kien thiic, thii do va nhCng ndi dung bj hieu chua diing hoac chua hoan thien cua HS;
- GV yeu ciu HS dua ra ten cic khai niem dya tren co sa la nhihig die diem quan trpng SS CO hoac bj thieu ciia cic khai ni^m dd;
DJI. Mai TO m i t / Tap ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. N^ien cihi Gido due. Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 10-23
- GV cbo mdt thdng diep (doan thong tin) va mau dan y |Ain tich, yeu cau KS phan tich
"cii p^ (\e ndi dung), "nhu the nao'' (phuong phip) va "lai sao" (chtic nang) ciia thdng diep do:
- GV yeu ciu HS ve hole bieu thi bdng sa dd tu du>' giira nhihig khai niem chinh va nhiing khai niem khac ma hp vira tiep thu dupc:
- G\' yeu cau HS chuan bj tmdc bing each viet tren giay cac budc giai quyet van de de sau dd "trinh bay v i phat bieu;
- G \ ' yeu cau HS dien giai mot phan cua hii hpc cho ngudi nghe, the hien kha ndng dien djch nhihig thdng tin chuyen biet bang ngdn ngu sao cho ngudi nghe cd the hieu duac:
- GV yeu cau HS cho biet muc dp cua su ddng tinh hay bat ddng vai mot tuyen bd hay mdt nhan dinh nio do;
- GV yeu cau HS mieu t i ngan gpn ve mot kinh nghiem hpc thanh cong lien quan tdi mdn hoc;
- G\' yeu cau HS xac dinh van de. dua ra da doan. va de xuat hudng giai quyet ddi vdi nhung van de hpc tap cua chinh minh;
- G\' yeu ciu HS tra Idi 3 cau hoi lien quan den \ i ^ hudng dan hpc tap nhdm trong mdn hoc;
- GV yeu ciu HS \ lel cac cau ngan gpn de nhd lai, tdm lit. d|t cau hoi, ket ndi \ a binh luan ve cic ndi dung trong tam cua bai tmdc.
Ket qua dinh gii thyc trang cho thay ket qua na> khi phii hop vdi thuc te, bdi theo ket qua phong van nhdm lanh dao. can bd quan li cac tmdng. Phdng GD&DT va tai cac So GD&DT cung cho ring diy la cac kT thugt ma cac tmdng da dupc tap huaa, tham du gop y nong cic budi to chuc hpp chuyen mdn. sinh hoat chuyen dc cho G\' a cac cum/trudng khic nhau. Ket qua phong van y kien chuyen gia viec G\' cho ling hp kha am hieu \ e cac kT thuat
danh gii nay la rat ^ t vi d ^ cd the xem la mot trong nhihig dieu kien tien quyet nham ning cao chit lupng trong giio due dao tao hpc sinh trong Ilia tuoi phd thdng. Ben canh dd, can bd sung them rang viec ap dung cie kT thugt danh gia nay mudn van dung dupc tdt GV can nghien cini kT dgc diem tam sinh li hpc sinh liia tudi [idid thong d l cd bien phip lya chpn phii hop \(y thuat dinh gii hpc sinh.
\ ' e miic do thudng xuyen su dyng cic kT diuat dinh gii trong nhan xet ket qua hpc tap cua HS chiing tdi nhan thay co sy tuong ddng trong ket qui ty dinh gii ciia GV ve miic dp am hieu va tan suit sii dung cie kT thuat dinh gia trong ldp hpc. Cu the:
- GV kiem tra lgi cdc kien thiic cu cd lien quan den ndi dung hpc mdi chuin bj giang day de biet nhihig kien thuc, thai dp v i nhiing npi dung bj hieu chua dung hoac chua hoan thien cuaHS;
- GV yeu cau HS dua ra ten cic khii niem dya tien ca sd t i nhimg dac diem quan trpng da cd hoac bi thieu ciia cac khai niem dd;
- GV yeu cau HS ve hogc bieu thj bang so dd tu duy giira nhihig khii niem chinh v i nhiing khii niem khac ma hp viia Hep thu dupc:
- GV yeu cau HS chuin bi trudc bang each viet tren giay cic budc giii quyet vin de de sau dd 'trinb biy va phat bieu;
- G\' V eu cau HS thyc hanh iing dyng tren nhiing hoat dpng cu the ve nhtog nguyen tac. It thuvet hay quy trinh quan trpng:
- G\' yeu cau HS lam cac cau hdi kiem tra va each tra ldi miu cho nhOng npi dung da dupc hoc mot cich tich eye:
- G\" yeu cau HS cbo biet mirc dp cua su ddng tinh hay bit ddng vdi mpt tuyen bd hay mpt nhan dinh nao do;
- G\' yeu ciu HS mieu t i ngdn gpn ve mot kinh nghiem hpc thanh cdng lien quan tdi mon hpc;
D.H. Mai vd nnk. I Tgp ehi Khoa hoe DHQGHN, Nghien eiru Giao due. Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 10-23
- GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh van de, dua ra du doan, v i d l xuit hudng giai quyet ddi vdi nhihig van de hpc tap ciia chinh minh;
- GV yeu ciu HS tra idi 3 cau hdi lien quan den viec hudng dan hpc tap nhdm trong mdn hpc;
- GV yeu ciu HS vilt cic cau ngan gpn de nhd lgi, tdm tit, ^ t cau hdi, ket ndi va binh luan ve cac npi dung trpng tam cua bii tmdc.
Ve miic dp cin thiet cua cac kT thugt dinh gii trong ldp hpc, da sd cic GV cho ring day la cic kT thuat that sy cin thilt cd the sii dung dinh gia hoc sinh. Ket qua nay hoan toan gidng vdi kit qui dinh gia cua GV o cic ndi dung v l miic dp am hieu va tan suit su dyng:
- GV kiem tra lai cac kien thiic cQ cd lien quan din ndi dung hpc mdi chuan bj giang day de biet nhimg kien thutc, thii dp v i nhiing ndi dung bj hieu chua diing hogc chua hoan thif n cua HS;
- GV cho mpt thdng di?p (dogn thdng tin) va mau dan y phan tich, yeu cau HS phan tich "cii gi" (ve npi dung), '"nhu thi nio" (phuang phap) va "tgi sao'' (chiic nang) aia thdng diep do;
- GV yeu cau HS v£ hogc bieu thj bing sa dd tu duy giiia nhihig khii niem chinh va nhiing khai niem khic ma hp viia tiep thu dupc;
- GV yeu cau HS chuan bj tmdc bing each viel tren giiy cac budc giai quyet van de de sau dd "trinh bay v i phit bieu;
- GV yeu cau HS thyc hanh iing dyng tren nhitng hoat ddng cu the ve nhitng nguyen tic, Ii thuyet hay quy trinh quan trpng;
- GV yeu ciu HS cho biet miic dp ciia sy ddng tinh hay bat ddng vdi mot tuyen bd hay mpt nhgn djnh nio dd;
- GV yeu cau HS mieu ta ngan gpn ve mpt kinh nghiem hpc thinh cong lien quan tdi mdn hpc;
- GV yeu cau HS xac dmh van de, dua ra dy doan, va de xuit hudng giii quylt ddi vdi nhitng van de hpc tgp cua chinh minh;
- GV yeu ciu HS tri ldi 3 cau hdi lien quan din viec hudng dan hpc tap nhdm trong mdn hpc;
- GV yeu ciu HS viet cic cau ngan gpn de nhd lgi, tdm tdt, d$t cau hdi, ket ndi va binh luan v l cic npi dung trpng tim ciia bai tmdc.
5. De xuat cae ki thugt danh gii trong ldp hpc bac pho thong d Vift Nam
Viec dl xuit cac nhdm kl thuat danh gii trong ldp hpc duoc tien hanh qua 03 budc: (1) danh gii dp tin cgy Cronbach's Alpha bing phin mim SPSS; (2) phan tich nhin td bing phin mim SPSS; (3) phin tich miic dp phii hpp giita npi dung timg kT thuat vdi thii dp ngudi tra ldi d tirng nhdm ki thugt bang phan mim Quest.
Ket qua danh gia do tin c^y cua tCmg nhom kl thuat danh gia deu cho gia tri Cronbach's Alpha dat y6u cau (Alpha >
0,60) va khdng co cau hoi nao co he so tirong quan bien tong nho b a n 0,3 a ca 03 nhom npi dung ve miic dp am hieu, t i n suat siJ dung va mij-c dp can thiet cua cac kT thuat danh gia trong lop hpc. K i t qua ddnh gia do tin cay cua phieu Idiao sat G V ve 10 nhom kl thuat a 03 noi dung (miic dp am hieu, tan suSt sii d u n g va miic dp can thiet) cho ket qua nhu sau:
Bang 3 Kit qua ddnh gid dd tin cgy ciia philu khao sdt GV
KIthu|l ddnh gid Miic dp
am hilu Tin suit su dung
Mirc da can thiet Ddnh gid nhOng thong tin thu dugc. sy hdi tuong, sy hieu biet
Ddnh gia ki ndng phdn tich va tu duy phe phdn
0,771 0.646
0,748 0.670
D.H Mai va nnk. I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghihi eiru Gido due. Tap 29. So 2 (2013) 10-23
K) Ihudl danh gid Mirc do
am hieu Tan suat SIT dung
Miic dp can thiet 3 Ddnh gid kt ndng long hgp vd tu duy sang igo
4 Ddnh gid k! ndng giai quvet van de 5. Danh gid kT ndng ung dung vd ndng lyc thyc hien 6 Danh gid nhgn ihiic cua hpc sinh vl thdi dd v d gii tn ciia bp 7. Danh gia su nhgn thuc ciia ngudi hoc ve viec hpc 8. Ddnh gia vi^c hpc lien quan din mon hpc va nghien cim kl ndng, phuong phdp va hanh vi hpc tap
9. Ddnh gid phan hoi cua ngudi hpc doi vdi giio vien va [rfiuong phap dgy
10 Danh gia phdn hdi cita nguoi hpc ve cac boat dpng cua ldp hoc.
bdi tdp vd tai lieu
0.778 0,775 0,853 0.857 0.849
0.814 0.787 0.845 0.844 0.863
0.798 0.788 0.848 0.824 0.828
Cdn cii vio ket qui khao sat dinh gii thyc trang cua viec sir dyng cic kT thuat dinh gii trong ldp hpc, chung tdi nit ra mot sd nhin dinh nhu sau:
Mdt Id, viec rim hieu, nghien ciiu, dinh gii thyc trang viec su dung cic kT thuat dinh gii trong ldp hpc tai cic tmdng phd thdng trong pham vi nghien cihi, da sd cic GV cho rang cd 10 kT thuat that sy can thiet cd the su dyng danh gii hpc sinh. Cu the:
[1] GV kiem tra lai cac kien thiic cii cd lien quan den npi dung hpc mdi chuan b) giang day de biet nhihig kien thiic, thii dp va nhitng npi dung bj bieu chua dung hoac chua hoin thien cua HS;
[2] GV cho mdt thdng diep (doan thdng rin) v i mau din y phan tich, yeu ciu HS phan tich
"cii gi" (ve npi dung), "nhu the nio" (phuong phip) va "tgi sao" (chirc nang) cua thdng diep do;
[3] GV yeu cau HS ve hogc bieu thj bajig sa dd tu duy giiia nhung khai niem chinh va nhiing khai niem khac ma hp vira riep thu dupe;
[4] GV yeu cau HS chuan bj trudc bang each vilt tren giay cic budc giii quylt vdn de de sau dd "trinh bay va phat bieu:
[5] GV yeu cau HS thyc hanh iing dung yen nhiing boat dpng cu the ve nhimg nguyen tic, li thuyet hay quy trinh quan trpng;
[6] GV yeu cau HS cho biet miic dp ciia sy ddng tinh hay bat ddng vdi mdt tuyen bd hay mpt nhin djnh nao dd;
[7] GV yeu cau HS mieu ta ngan gpn ve mdt kinh nghiem hpc thinh cdng lien quan tdi mdn hpc;
[8] GV yeu cau HS xac djnh van de, dua ra du doan, va de xuat hudng giai quyet ddi vdi nhihig van de hpc tap cua chinh minh;
[9] GV yeu cau HS tra ldi 3 cau hdi lien quan den viec hudng dan bpc t i p nhom trong mdn hpc;
[10] GV yeu cau HS viet cac cau ngin gpn de nhd Igi, tom tit, dSt cau hdi, ket ndi va binh luan ve cic npi dung trpng tim ciia bii tmdc.
Nguyen nhdn G V lua chgn cdc la thugt nay
• GV tien hinh dinh gia HS theo yeu cau ciia Bd Giio dye va Dao tao quy dinh vifc dinh gii xep loai HS phd thdng;
- GV dupe tham gia tap huan, bdi dudng cac ky thugt nay;
- GV ap dung thang bic dinh gii chit lupng HS d bgc eao (miic hieu va van dung);
- GV chu y danh gia sy sang tao cua HS trong sudt qua trinh hpc tip, tieu ehi tuyen chpn bdi dudng HS gidi;
Day cd the xem la mdt trong nhihig dieu kien tien quyet nhdm nang cao chit luang Irong giio dye dio tao HS trong lira tudi phd thdng.
D.H. Mai vd nnk. I Tgp chi Khoa hoe DHQGHN. Nghien eiru Giao due, Tgp 29, SS2 (2013) 10-23
Hai Id, qua kit qua phan tich thdng ke (SPSS, QUEST) chung tdi nhin thay cd 02 nhdm kT thuat dinh gia ldp hpc dip ung cic tieu chuin vl dieu kien ^ dung md hinh, ve dp tin cay va dp gii tri cua cic kT thuat dinh gia trong ldp hpc. Trong do:
(!) Nhom 1: nhdm cac cau hdi danh gii ndng lyc van dung kien thiic vao thyc tien (bao gom: kT nSng ling dung, nang lyc thuc hien v i nhan thiic ciia HS v l thai dp va gia tri cua hp);
(2) Nhdm 2: nhdm cic cau hoi dinh gia hogt dpng liy y kien phan hdi (bao gdm: mdn hpc v i nghien ciiu kT ndng; phuong phap v i hinh vi hpc tap; giao vien v i phuang phip day; cac hoat ddng ciia tdp hpc, bai tap v i tii lieu).
6. Giai phap de xuat
Can cii vao ket qua dinh gia thyc trang qua ket qua phong van nhdm chuyen gia, lanh dao, can bp quan li va GV dang cdng tic, giang day tai cic tmdng phd thdng, nhdm nghien ciru chiing tdi de xuat 03 nhdm kT thuit de dp dyng dinh gia trong ldp hpc nhu sau:
6 I Nhdm kt ihudi ddnh gid mdc dg nhdn ihuc [1] GV danh gii HS tmdc khi bit dau giang day mdn hpc/hpc ki/bai hpc mdi/chii de mdi/ndi dung mdi thong qua viec tra ldi cac phieu hdi/bai kiem tra ngdn gpn, don gian.
[2] GV yeu cau HS hoan thanh bang cic ndi dung viia hpc, trong do dau de tirng cpt vd tirng hdng da dupc dien day du thdng tin nhung cic 6 con Igi thi de trdng.
[3] GV yeu ciu HS dua ra ten cic khai niem dya tren co sd l i nhitng dgc diem quan trpng da cd hoac bj thieu cua cic khii niem do.
[4] GV yeu ciu HS lift ke cac diem:
thugn/nghjch (khdng thuan); chi phi/lpi nhuan;
tin thanh/phan ddi; thuan Ipi/khd khdn... vl
mdt vin dl, mdt ciu hdi... de dua ra kel luin tdt nhit trong cac tinh hudng khac nhau.
[5] GV yeu ciu HS cho bilt muc dp ciia sy ddng tinh hay bit ddng vdi mpt tuyen bd hay mdt nhan dinh nio do.
[6] GV cho mdt thong diep (dogn thdng tin) va mau dan y phan tich, yeu cau HS phan tich
"cii gi" (vl npi dung), "nhu thi nao" (phuang phip) va "tai sao" (chiic nang) cua thdng diep dd.
[7] GV yeu ciu HS mieu ta ngdn gpn ve tinh each ciia mdt ngudi ma HS do ngudng md trong mpt ITnh vuc hogt dpng nao do.
[8] GV yeu ciu HS sau khi tri ldi cac cau hoi "Ai lam gi cho ai, Khi nao, 6 dau, Nhu the nio va Vi sao?" vl 1 chu d l dupe dua ra. Sau dd tdm tit cac ndi dung bing mpt cau ngin gpn (dung ngir phap va day dii thdng tin nhat ve npi dung dd).
[9] GV yeu cdu HS ve hogc bieu thj bing so dd tu duy giira nhitng khii niem chinh v i nhung . khai niem khic ma hp vira tiep thu dupc.
[10] GV yeu ciu HS tdng hpp kiln thiic d i hpc ve cic van de, c i nhin hoac mdt giai doan ljch su xiy dyng thanh mpt dogn hdi thoai (HS cd the xay dung tir mot dogn hpi thoai cd sin nhung sang tao ra cic nhin vat khac phii hpp vdi bdi canh dang dupc sii dung).
[11] GV yeu ciu HS lam cac ciu hdi kiem tra va each tra Idi miu cho nhiing ndi dung da dupe hpc mpt each tich eye.
[12] GV yeu ciu HS tra Idi 2 ciu hdi ngay sau khi ket thiic moi npi dung viia hpc: Dilu gi quan trpng nhat em hpc dupc ciia phin/ndi dung/bai hpc nay la gi? Cau hdi trpng tim nao cua em m i van chua dupc giii dip d phin/ndi dung/bai hpc nay?
Nguyen nhdn lua chon nhdm Id ihudl nay - Muc dd dinh gii HS nlu ap dung theo cac npi dung nay tang dan til de den khd theo thang
D H. Mai im nnk. I Tgp ehi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Nghien eiru Gido due. Tap 29, So 2 (2013) 10-23
Bloom (biet -> hieu -> van dung) => thuin tien cho GV trong dinh gii phan loai HS;
- Cin cii vio cic kT thuat danh gii niy GV de ding phat hien nhirng HS ndi trdi, cd ning khieu vl mdn hpc nio dd de cd ke hoach bdi dudng, phit trien cho cic em;
- Npi him cac kl thuat danh gia giiip cac em phit huy dupc tdi da ndng lyc bin than, nhat la nSng lyc sing tgo cua HS trong danh gia, nhin nhgn van de;
- GV d l ding danh gia dupc mdt sd kT ndng mem cua HS: ki nang lam viec nhdm, kT nang thuyet trinh;
- GV cd the nam bat dupc dac diem tim sinh li ciia cic em thdng qua kT thuat dinh gii hoat ddng hpc tip tren Idp, ngoai khda.
6 2 Nhdm Id thugt ddnh gid ndng luc van dung [1] GV yeu cau HS nhin dien va nhin biet dupc cac van de cu th€ ciia mot tinh hudng hay nhiem vy nao do.
[2] GV yeu ciu HS nhan biet nguyen tic hoic cac nguyen tic de gidi quyet nhiing logi van de khac nhau.
[3] GV yeu ciu HS chuan bj tmdc bdng each viet tren giiy cac budc giai quyet van de de sau dd "trinh bay va phit bieu".
[4] GV yeu ciu HS thyc hinh iing dung tren nhihig hoat dpng cy the ve nhung nguyen tic, li thuyet hay quy trinh quan trpng.
[5] GV yeu ciu HS diln giai mpt phan cua bai hoc eho ngudi nghe, the hien khi nang dien djch nhitng thdng tin chuyen biet bing ngdn ngii sao cho ngudi nghe cd the hieu dupc.
Nguyin nhdn lua chon nhdm laihudi nay:
' Djnh chuin kien thiic, k*) nang cho HS phd thdng (tiiy vio ddc diem timg khdi Idp ma GV lya chpn hinh thiic dinh gia phii hop vdi timg nhdm HS);
- GV cd the van dung nhieu hinh thiic kiem tra danh gia nang lyc ciia timg HS:
- GV CO dieu kien theo ddi qui trinh hpc tap ciia HS, diy cd the xem la ca sd d l GV lya chpn, phan logi, bdi dudng HS (HS cd hoc lyc yeu kem thi phu dgo, HS cd hpc lyc kha gidi thi bdi dudng);
- Khdng tao ap lyc diem sd cho GV va HS trong q u i trinh day - hoc Diy cd the xem la uu diem ndi bat cCia nhdm kT thuat niy, vi toan bd hoat ddng kiem tra danh gia deu hudng den hoat ddng hpc tap, xem nd nhu hoat ddng hpc tap V a vj hogt dpng hpc tap.
6 3. Nhdm la thudl lu ddnh gid vd phan hdi re qud Irinh day - hoc
NTiam cii tien v i nang cao chit lupng hogt ddng day hpc cho HS phd Ihdng, nhdm nghien ciiu chiing tdi de xuit 07 kl thuat danh eho hpc sinh ty danh gii v i phin hdi ve qui trinh day - hpc:
[i] GV yeu cau HS lam mpt ban liet ke de cho biet kien thiic, kT nang v i sy quan tam cua minh ddi vdi lit nhieu cic chu de trang mdn hpc.
[2] GV yeu cau HS viet cac cau ngan gpn de nhd lai, ldm tat, dgt eau hdi, ket ndi v i binh luan ve cac ndi dung trpng tam cua bii tmdc.
[3J. GV yeu can HS lim mdt bai khao sat giau ten cho biet muc do ty lin cua hp trong viec nam vitng cic kien thiic ciia mdn hpc.
[4]. GV yeu cau HS tra Idi cac cau hdi cu the tren mdt phieu phan hdi tgp tmng vio tinh hieu qui cua cac buoi hpc.
[5]. GV yeu cau HS so sanh each hpc cua ban thin vdi mdt each hpc Iheo quy chuan de tim ra phuang phap phii hpp nhit.
[6]. GV yeu ciu HS lam mot khao sat ngan gpn ve each nhdm cua hp boat dpng va ddng gdp y kien de cii thien qua trinh lim viec nhdm.
DH. Mai vd nnk. I Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN, Nghien ciru Gido due. Tdp 29. So 2 (2013) 10-23
[7]. GV yeu ciu HS Ua ldi 2 - 3 cau hdi md ve lie dyng ciia mdt bai tap ddi vdi viee hpe.
Nguyen nhdn lira chon nhdm la ihugt nay - Kel qua hogt dpng lay y kien phan hoi l i CO so de GV dieu chinh, cai tien npi dung, hinh thirc, phuong phip giing day cua hp;
- HS cd tinh than tiich nhiem bon khi dua ra chinh kien ciia bdn than ve boat ddng day ciia GV va boat ddng hpc cua HS;
- Giiip HS ren lu>en nang lyc danh gia. phin lich, nhin nhgn vin de, day chinh li tien de de HS timg budc hinh thinh nang lye bac cao.
Tren co sd 24 kT thuat dupc de xuit tir ket qua khao sat v i phong van, nhdm chuyen gia da xiy dyng tai lieu hudng din cho 24 kT thuat niy. Sau khi i6 chiic Hdi thao tai 3 rinh, thanh phd: TP. Hd Chi Minh, Da Nlng v i H i Ndi. vdi su tham gia gdp y cua gin 100 cin bd Sd GD&DT, cic chuyen gia, cic nhi quan li va giio vien cdt cin tai cic thanh phd y6n, ddng thdi vdi viSc id chiic seminar trao ddi giira cac chuyen gia thuc hi?n du in, chiing tdi di din thdng nhat: De phii hpp han vdi thyc t l phd thdng Viet Nam, vin giCt nguyen dl xuit 3 nhdm kT thuat dinh gia nhu tren, nhung trong nhdm kT thugt thii 3 (nhdm kT thuit ty dinh gia va phan hoi ve qua trinh day - hpc) chiing tdi logi bd kT thugi sd 4 va 5 trong nhdm kT tbuat 3 d tren (tuong iing vdi kT thuat phan hoi v l giio vien v i kT thuat ty dinh gii phong each hpc).
Nhu vay, ban dl xuit ve cac kT thugt danh gii trong Idp hpc eiia nhdm chuyen gia chinh thiic gdm 3 nhdm vdi 22 kT thugt danh gii thudng xuyen frong ldp hpc.
T i i iifu tham khao
[1] Bp GD&DT (2006) - Chucmg irinh giao due phd thong Viet Nam
[2] Bo GD&DT (2012) - Da an Xdy dung m6 hinh tmong pb6 thong doi moi dong bo phuong phap
dav hoc va kiem tra danh gia kel qua gido dtic giai doan 2012-2015.
[3] 86 GD&DT (2012)- Chi^n luge phat trien giao due Viet Nam til 2011- 2020 Duong Thieu Tong (1995). Trie nghiem va do 1- udng thanh qua h^c tdp. tdp I, Truong DHTH thdnh phd H6 Clii Minh \ual ban.
[4} Quy chi ddnh gia, xep logi ngudi hoc irung hgc co so va nguoi hoc tnmg bgc phi thdng ban hanh theo Quyet dinh sd 40/2006/QD-BGDDT.
[5] Thoi^ tu s6 58^01 l/TT-BGIKT. Ban hdnh Quy che ddnh gia. xep loai nguon hpc tnmg hoc co so va ngudi hpc trung hgc pho thong
|6] Anderson, L W . & Krathwohl, D.R (2001), A taxonomy for leammg. teaching, and assessing A revision of Bloom's laxonomv of educational objectives N'e\v York: Longman.
17] Aschbacher, PR (1999) Developing indicators of classroom practice to monitor and support school reform, CSE Technical Report 513, UCLA' National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing,
[8] Assessment Reform Group (ARG) (1999) Assessment for leammg* Beyond the Black Box http //www, assessment-re form-group, org (accessed June 2009)
[9] Archer, J, (December 19th. 2006) "Wales Eliminates National Exams for Many Students."
Education Week Retrieved on September 11th, 2008 from
[10] http7/www edweek.org/ew/articles/2006/12/20/16 wales h26 html''qs=Wale
[11] AustraJian Curriculum, Assessment and Certification Authorities (ACACA) (1995), Guidelines for Assessment Quality and Equity [12] Black, P., Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B., &
Wiliam, D (2003) Assessment for leammg:
Putting It mio practice Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, Open University Press
[13] Black, P , & Wiliam, D (1998) Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 7-74
[14] Blvthe, T., Alleo, D, & Powell, B S, (1999).
Looking together at siudeol work A companion guide to assessing student leammg Ne\\ York, Teachers College Press
[15] Boi, L , Stephenson, P.L., O'Connell, A.A., &
Xunneiy, JA. (1998) Influence of experience.
grade level, and subject area on teachers' assessment practices The Journal of Educational Research,91(6), 323-330,
D.H Mat va nnk. I Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Nghien cuu Gido due. Tap 29. So 2 (2013) 10-23
[16] Boi, L.. & Suage. A. (1996) The contradiction [18] Valverde, G.A & Schnudt, W.H (2000). Greater between teachers' instructional goals and their Expectations: Leammg from Other Nations m the practices in high sdiool biology Quest for •Woiid-Class Standards' in U S. School courses. Science Education, 80(2), 145-163 Mathematics and Science. Joomal of Curriculum [17] Thomas A. Angelo, K. Patricia Cross, Qassroom Snidies, 32 (5): 651-87. Victoria Cttmculum and Assessment Techniques - A Handbook for Assessment Authontv- (2009). Planning for College Teachers. 2nd edition, Jossev-Bass
Publisher. A Wiley Company, San Francisco. http://vels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/siipportrtla/assess_plan 1993. ning.himl
The Study of Application
of the Assessment Techniques in Classrooms for Secondary Education in Vietnam
Dao Hoa Mai', Sai Cong Hong^, Le Thai Hung', Dinh Thi Kim Thoa', Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich', Le Kim Long'
I NO University of Education. 144 Xuan Thuy. Cdu Gidy. Hanoi. Vietnam ' IJJU Inslilulefor Education Quality Assurance, f 'ieinam
Abstract: Classroom assessment is considered an essential element in education which helps students to identify .their demand, enhance their ability in leaming, in which the assessment techniques in the classroom are used as a tool or a method to convey the content to learners in their leaming process. The application of assessment techniques will stimulate the creative capacity and the ability of problem solution in teaching and help teachers to improve the quality of teaching Feedback from leamers will motivate teachers to search and discover new teaching methods which help the learner to make progress. Therefore, the study systems of assessment techniques in the classroom in the world and Ihe application in conformity with Ihe secondaiy education nowadays in Viemam are an urgent issue, in an attempt to consider the examination and assessment as a leaming activity.
Keywords: Assessment techniques in the classroom, stimulate the capacity, stimulate the ability of problem solution.