HQi Pja ly va Tai nguyen Moi tru^ung Thtra Thien H u i Hgi Dia ly Viet Nam
Day hoc dir an va kha nang giao due kT nang song cho hoc sinh thong qua mon Dja Ly 12, THPT
Nguyin Thj Kim Lifn', Mai Thj Chuyen', Pham Thj Thiiy Hdng' Abstract
Project Based Learning and its capability to educate students about life skills via the subject Geogrphy 12 in high school
The article focuses on analyzing and proving that Project Based Learning (PEL) could be used to build and develop life skdls for students in high school giving some examples in teaching and learning the subject Geography 12.
L DAT V A N D E
Bo Giao due va Ddo tao da xac dinh ren luyen KT nang sdng (KNS) cho hgc sinh (HS) Id mdt trong nam npi dung ciia phong trao thi dua "Xdy dimg trudng hgc than thien, HS tich cue" trong cac tnrcmg phd thdng giai doan 2008 - 2013, ddng thdi da chi dao vien Khoa hpc Giao due Viet Nam bien soan bd tai lieu ve giao due KNS cho HS qua hoat ddng gido dye ngodi gid len ldp va qua mot so mdn hgc, trong dd cd mdn Dia li.
T'ai lieu Giao due kT nang song irong mdn Dja Ii d trudng Trung hpc Phd thong (20! 0) da khai quat mgi so van dl chung ve KNS va giao due KNS cho HS trong nha irudng pho thong; xac djnh nhom phuong phap day hoc (PPDH) va nhom kT Ihual day hgc phii hgp; chi ra cdc ndi dung cd kha nfing gido due KNS ddng thai thiet ke mdt sd giao an cd tich hgp giao due KNS Irong mdn Dja li Trung hgc Phd ihdng (THPT).
Muc tieu cdl Idi ciia Chuang trinh Day hgc Intel - Khda hgc ca ban (Intel Teach Essentials) la:
Giiip cho sinh vien su pham /giao vien THPT phal trien dugc phuang phdp day hgc Idy HS lam trung tdm, thdng qua su tiep can cdng nghe va each tiep can day hgc theo du dn. Cu the: hoan tat mgt bg Ho scr bdi day ed thi su dung Irong ldp hgc giiip nang cao chat Iugng day hgc va dat dugc nhung muc tieu quan trpng cDng nhu cdc kT ndng ciia the ki 21.[6]
Cd dilm nao chung giua cdc kT nang cua the ki 21 va KNS? U'u till ciia day hpc du an trong viec giao dye KNS cho HS THPT? Bai vilt se lap trung gidi thieu ddi net ve day hgc dy an; chung minh su lucmg dong gifla ngi dung co ban cac kT nang the ki 21 trong day hpc du an va cac KNS ndng c6t dugc ki vgng se gido due cho HS thdng qua mdn Dja li; cu thi trong day hgc Dja li 12, THPT.
2. VAI NET KHAI QUAT VE DAY HOC DU" AN 2.1. Khai nicm ve dir an va phuang phap du an
Thuat ngfl dy dn - tieng Anh Project, cd ngudn gdc tir lilng la tinh Proicere - dugc hieu theo nghia pho thdng Id mgt de an, mgt dy thdo, mgt kl hogch dugc thuc hien nham dat muc dich de ra.
Khai niem dy an dugc sit dyng phd bien trong hau hel cdc ITnh vuc kinh te - xa hgi: sdn xuat, kinh Khoa Dia li Trudng DHSP TP.HCM
DAO TAO DIA LY. PHl/ONG PHAP VA CONG NGHE NGHIEN CULl DIA LY
H5i Dja ly vaTdi nguyen Moi iruong Thtia Thicn Hue Hgi Dja ly Vict N;im doanh, nghien cuu khoa hpc, qudn Ii xa hdi... Khai nicm dy an da di id ITnh vyc kinh te - xa hpi \ M ITnh vuc giao dye - dao tao ngodi y nghia cac du an phal trien giao dye. cdn dugc sir dung nlur n ii phuang phap (PP) day hoc [3],
PP du dn - Project Method, cdn dugc gpi Id Day hgc dy an /Day hgc theo dy dn/Dgy hoc .lua tren du an - Project Based Learning dugc hicu nhu mpt PPDH hudng hgc sinh den viec ticp lhu tij thirc va kT ndng thong qua qua trinh giai quylt mpl bai tdp tinh huong, dugc gpi la mdt dy an (prajuoi) nio phdng mdi trudng cac em dang song va sinh hoat [4].
Trong cdch hpc theo du an, HS hpc lap theo nhom dl giai quyel nhiing vdn de cd that Uung cuoc s6ng (authentic), nhung van de ay gan vdi chuang trinh hpc (curriculum - based) vd cd ph.n' vi kiln thirc lien mdn (interdisciplinary). HS se hda than vao cdc vai thudc cdc ngdnh nghe kluiL < .m Irong cudc song, tham gia gidi quylt nhflng vdn dc co that thupc ITnh vuc cac ngdnh nghe ay. GV dinh hudng, ggi y cac vai c6 npi dung gan vdi noi dung bai hpc cho HS va hd tra HS hodn thanh Idl cac vui iro dy GV tao dieu kien va hudng dan HS su dyng cac nguon tu licu nhu: sdch giao khoa; iiilcn.d, CD hoac DVD; sach, bao.. \a tham chi, irao ddi vdi cac chuyen gia Du dn cd ihc chi b6 hep Irnng pham vi ldp hpc, Irudng hpc trong 1 tiel, I ludn hodc 2 luan; ddng thdi du an ciing cd the vuat ra n^ioai pham vi Idp hgc, trudng hgc va keo dai trong mdt thang, mot hpc ki hoac ca khda hoc [4].
2.2 Dac dicm ca ban cua day hoc du- an
- Tinh phirc hgp cua nhiem vu hoc tap: Nhiem vu hgc tap Irong day hgc theo du an kliting gidi han irong mdt dan vj kien lhuc ciia mdi bai trong mot mdn hgc ma cd the xuyen suot giua ca<- hai, gifla cdc chuang trong mpl giao trinh, giua cac giao trinh trong mgi bac hgc va giu'a cac mon hoc vdi nhau, Vi du nhu khi thuc hien mot dy an Dia li ve Bicn ddi khi hdu - IIS ldp 12 c6 the vgn dLing nhung kinh nghiem, kien thirc Dia li da dugc hgc d cac Idp dudi ve Thdi ticl. Khi hau (ldp 6), Nhfrng nguyen nhan lam thay ddi khi hdu (ldp 10), Mdi trudng vd su phdi trien ben vung (Idp 10), Bicn doi khi hau (Idp U).,. ddng thdi cd the lien kel kicn ihiic Vat Ii, Hoa hoc, Sinh hoc.,, dc giai quyel van al.
- Su ket hop giua li thuyet va thuc hanh: Trong tam ciia day hoc theo dy an la tao dieu kien cho HS van dung cdc tri thirc li thuyet vao hoat dgng thuc tien thdng qua dd kiem chung va md rpng kien lhuc li thuyet ddng thdi bd sung kinh nghiem lhuc tien. Vi vay, HS cd dicu ki?n de thyc hanh nhflng li thuylt da hpc vd thong qua ket qud dat dugc trong hoal dpng thyc lien, HS co the riit ra dugc nhiing nhan dinh, nhung ket luan ciia vdn de nghien ciru. Trong dy an Bicn ddi khi hau nhu da dc cap d tren, tren ca sdtu lieu lhu ihap dugc, HS Ihudng xuyen van dung cac kicn thirc vecdch dpc bang So li9u thong ke, Sa dd, Bieu do. Ban dd .... de phdn tich, rut ra duge nhflng nhan djnh vl linh hinh bicn ddi khi hau tren the gidi, irong nudc hoac ciia mgt dja phuong cu the. Ngoai ra HS cdn co the chuyen ket qua nghien ciiu cOa minh thdnh bieu dd, ban do trong cac san phdm culi cimg. Nhu vay kT nang Dja li CLia HS thudng xuyen dugc ren luyen va phdt trien.
- Tao ra san pham: San phdm la yeu cau bat bupc khi kll lhuc cac dy an. San phdm dugc tao ra trong qua trinh HS lhuc hien du dn. Dd Id ket qua ciia hoat dgng vd nhirng ket qud dy cd the con^ bo dugc. Sdn pham cd Ihe la nhirng dd val cy the hodc phi vat the.
- Tinh tu to chirc va t u chiu trach nhicm ciia nguoi hgc: Day la mdt dicm dac Irun;: "^
phuong phdp du dn, the hicn xuyen sudt quan diem day hgc hudng vao ngudi hgc. Trong qua irinh thuc hicn du an, HS cdn dugc tao dieu kien dl "tu djnh hudng" trong tdt ca cac giai dogn, ddc bi?t trong vice xay dyng ke hoach va thuc hien du an. Trong chung myc nhat dinh, HS cdn dugc tham gia xac dinh myc ticu dy an vadanh gia ket qud ciiady an. HS can dugc ren luyen kT nang "ty danh :"i ; KT nang "Sieu nhan thirc"- trong suot qua trinh lam dy an dl hoan thien san phdm. Tir dd, ciing vdi 1036 HOI nghi Khoa hgc Dja ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6; Thdnh phd Hue. 9K'i^l^
HQi Dja ly v^ Tdi nguyen Moi Irudng Thtra Thien Hui ^ Hgi Dja ly Vi^t Nam giao vien, cdc nhdm HS cd thi tham gia ddnh gid sdn pham ciia nhau, dae biet trong giai doan ket ihiic dy an - cy Ihl d ihdi diem cdc nhdm trinh bay san phdm.
- Day hoc dii an gdn lien vdi hoan canh: Cac de tai ciia dy an can phai xudt phdt tir thuc tl, tir hoan canh gan giji vdi cuge sdng, dd la nhung van dl cdn phai giai quylt va phii hgp vdi dilu ki?n va Uia ndng cua HS. Trd lai vi du ve du an Bien ddi khi hdu, de tdi nay cdn gdn liln vdi linh hinh thuc tiln ciia dja phuang, Chang hgn HS d Da Lat tim hieu hien trgng va nguyen nhan ciia biln ddi khi hdu if Da Lat, tac ddng ciia nd den ddi sdng cua ngudi ddn dia phucmg va hoal dpng du ljch; tren ca sd do va trong chung muc nhdl djnh, de xuat gidi phdp.
- Dinh hirdng vao hirng thii cua hoc sinh: Xudt phdt lir nhflng vdn dl thyc tiln, 6k tdi ciia dy fin tao dugc hung lhu va giiip phdt triln dgng co hgc tap ciia HS. Hung thii ciia HS ci~ing can phai dugc duy tri va phdt trien Irong sudt qud trinh thyc hien dy an. Vi vdy, vai trd theo doi, gidm sat, hd trg dling luc va dung thdi dilm ciia GV cue ki quan trpng.
- Dy an cd y nghTa thyc tien xa hoi: Vi?c thuc hien cdc du an cd the mang lai su ihay ddi co y nghTa trong ddi sdng xa hdi va trong ban thdn cua mdi HS, chang han vdi du dn : Lao dgng vd viec Idm (Dia Ii 12), sau khi tim hieu nhu cau ve lao ddng cua dja phuang trong mdi tuong quan vdi nhu clu lao dgng cua ca nudc vd tren thi gidi; tren co sd xac djnh sd trudng, sy hiing thu, niem dam me vd dieu ki.?n ciia ban than, HS cd the cd nhflng hudng di, nhflng quyet dinh dung ddn trong viec lua chgn nghe nghiep sau khi tdt nghiep phd thdng, gdp phan nang cao nang suat Iao dgng xa hoi...
- Vice hgc tap mang tinh xa hoi: Td chirc cho HS Idm viec nhdm la hinh thiic pho bien trong day hpc dy an. Trong qua trinh lam viec nhdm, cdc cd nhdn trong nhdm tuong tdc vdi nhau de ciing Ihyc hien va hoan thien san phdm ctia nhdm. Ddng_ thdi giua cac nhdm cung thudng xuyen chia se, danh gia, ddng gdp y kien cho nhau de nang cao chat Iugng san pham. GV, vdi vai trd ngudi td chirc, chi dao, tu van, hd trg, lao dieu kien... se ihudng xuyen phdi hgp nhip nhdng vdi nhdm. Ngoai ra, cac nhom con cd the lien ket vdi cac GV khdc trong nhd trudng, vdi cac chuyen gia Irong xa hdi ve ITnh vyc nhdm dang tim hieu de nhan dugc su tu vdn chuyen nghi?p vd kjp thdi, .... De ddng nhgn thdy ring tinh chdt "xS hdi" ciia hoc tdp du dn dugc hinh thanh va phat trien, qua do HS dugc ren y thirc vd PP ciing cgng tac trong Iao dgng.
Tinh chdt xa hpi cdn dugc the hien ro qua viec HS "ddng vai" trong qua trinh thyc hien dy dn.
HS phdi "hda than" vao cdc vai cd that trong cuge sdng. Viec ddng vai ngodi y nghTa giiip cho HS jiighien cuu sau va sdt vdi thyc tien hem mdt vdn dl hgc tap, cdn giiip HS budc ddu tilp can vdi nhflng
c6ng viec that ngoai xa hgi, qua dd gdp phdn giiip HS dinh hudng nghe nghiep.
2.3. Qui trinh cua d^y hgc theo dir an
Nhin chung, dgy hgc theo du an cd thi dugc trien khai theo cac budc sau:
- Xac dinh van dl trong thurc tien: Tren ca sd ndi dung chuang trinh hgc, GV ggi y va tao dieu kien eho HS phdt hi6n nhflng van de cd lien quan den ngi dung mdn hgc trong cuge song. Vi du:
Vdi bai Lao dgng vd viec lam - Dja 11 12, ban ca ban, GV cd the yeu cau HS tim hieu cac van de v%
ngudn lao dgng va nhu eau tao ddng, van de viec tam va hudng gidi quyet viec Idm d mgt dia phuang ciithl...
- Phat hien dy dn: Tren ca sd nhflng vdn de da phdt hien trong thuc tien, GV ggi y, hudng dan HS xac dinh dy an cd thi tliuc hien, cy thi Id xdc dinh ten dl tdi, vd dy kien cdc vai cdn ddng trong du
^ . GV cung cd the gidi thieu mgt so de tdi de HS lya chgn. Trd lgi bdi Lao ddng va viec lam - Dja li 12, HS Idp 12 trudng THPT Long Thanh, Ddng Nai da lu xdc dinh dugc ten de tai: Long Thdnh - Dal lanh lieu chim cd dgul
BAO TAO DlA LY. PHUONG PHAP VA CONG NGHg NGHIEN cOtJ DIA LY " 1037
H6i Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii-a Thien Hui Hoi Bja ly Vigt Na^
- Xac dinh muc tieu dy an: Dya vdo ten de tdi va cac vai cd lien quan trong xa hgi, GV hg tm HS xdc dinh muc tieu ciia du dn. Myc lieu dy an phai the hien myc tieu chuang trinh ngi dung nion hgc, lien quan din hoan eanh thuc tiln ciia xa hpi ddng thdi phdt trien cac kT nang ciia thi ki 21.
- Lap 1(1 hoach thyc hien dy an: GV djnh hudng cho HS lgp ke hoach thyc hien dy an, Phan nhdm va xdc dinh nhdm trudng. Cdc nhdm xdc dinh nhung cdng viec cdn lam, lien trinh thyc hien ngudn tai nguyen cdn khai thdc... tren ca sd dd phan cdng cong vipc cu thi cho tung thdnh vien irong nhdm. Ddc biet cdn khuyen khich linh tu luc ciia HS trong giai dogn lap ke hoach.
- Hien thue hoa/trien lihai dy an: Dudi su ddn doc, chi dgo, hd trg ciia GV cac thanh vien trong nhdm thyc hi^n cdng viec theo ke hoach da dl ra. HS thyc hien song song cdc hogt dpng ii i tu?
va lhuc hdnh. Hai hogt dgng ndy dugc lien hdnh ddng thai hoac xen ke qua lgi ldn nhau. Trong quj trinh do, thdng tin mdi dugc tgo ra va san phdm dy an dan hoan thien.
- Trinh bay va danh gia Itet qua dy an: GV td chii'c cho HS trinh bdy ket qua dy an. Di; an Ihudng dugc trinh bdy gifla cac nhdm HS trong mpl Idp. Dy dn cd the dugc gidi thieu trong irudng hgc, vdi cha me HS. Dy dn cung cd the dugc gidi thieu rgng rai trong xa hgi qua cdc phuang ti^n thong tin. Song song vdi viec trinh bdy san phdm, thudng trong phgm vi mpt Idp hgc, GV va HS ciing ddnh gia qud trinh thyc hien cung nhu kel qud vd kinh nghiem dat dugc. Tu dd riit ra kit lugn va dinh hudng cho cac du dn tiep iheo.
Viec phdn chia tren day chi cd y nghTa tuong ddi. Trong thuc tl cdc giai dogn cd the xen ke va tham nhap Idn nhau. Cung luong tu nhu vay vdi cac dac diem ciia day hgc dy an, chiing co moi quan he chgi che, mdi dac diem cd the the hien trong tat ca cdc giai doan; hoac Irong mgt giai dogn, cothS chiia dyng nhieu dgc diem. Cilng nhu cdc PPDH khdc, PP dy an khdng phdi la mpt PPDH van nang, chi thich hgp vdi mgt sd dl tai nhdt djnh. Vi vdy viec van dung cdn phai hit sire linh hogt. Khong nhat thiet mgi dgc diem cua dy an deu phai va deu cd the thyc hien ma dp dyng liiy tirng de tdi, tiiy hoan canh cu the [3],
2.4. Noi dung ca ban cua cac k? nang the ki 21 2.4.L Nhung lu nang hgc tap va sang tao
- Sy sang tao va cai tien: The hien tinh dpc ddo va sang tao trong cdng viec, Phat trien, thyc thi vd truyen tai nhflng y tudng mdi din ngudi khdc; Cdi md va hdng hdi vdi nhflng quan dilm mdi me va phong phii; Thuc hien nhung y tudng sdng tao de tao nen dong gdp ddng ke va cd ich cho ITnh vyc c6 su cai tien.
- KT nang tu duy doc lap va giai quyet van de: Dua ra nhung Iy Ie vung ehac cho nhung gi minh hieu; Dua ra nhung lya chpn va nhflng quylt dinh phirc tap; Hieu sy tuang quan gifla cac he thong; Xac djnh va dua ra nhung cau hdi quan trgng md ldm ro nhflng quan diem khac nhau va hucmg den nhflng giai phap tdt hon; Khoanh viing, phdn tich va tdng hgp thdng tin de giai quylt van dc va iri ldi cdu hdi.
- KI nang giao t"4]> va hyp tac: Dien dat suy nghT va y tudng mgt cdch rd rang va hieu qua qua hinh thirc ndi vd viet; The hien kha nang lam viec hieu qua vdi nhflng dgi nhdm khac nhau; The hien su linh hoal va su sdn long hgp lac trong vi?c dua ra nhung Ihda thudn cdn thilt de hodn thanh mgt myc dich chung; Thi hien linh thdn trdch nhiem vdi nhflng cdng viec cdn su hgp tac.
2.4.2. Nhirng ki nang su- dung cac phuang tien thdng tin, truyin thdng, va cong nghe - Hieu biet ve thong tin: Tim kiem thong tin mot each nhanh chdng va hieu qua, ddnh gia thong tin mgt cdch cd phe phan va xac dang vd su dung thdng tin mgt cdch chinh xdc va sang tao cho 1038 Hdi nghj Khoa hgc Dfa ly Todn qudc ldn lhu 6; Thdnh phd Hue. ,i. 9/2012
I^i Pja 'y vd Tai nguyen Moi trudng Thu-a Thien Hue Hgi Dja ly VietNam
•van de dang cd; Cd kien thirc can ban ve nhflng van de dao due/ lual phap lien quan din viec truy cgp va sfl dung thdng tin.
i - Hicu biet ve truyen thong: Cd kiSn thirc ve viec cdc thdng diep truyen thdng dugc hinh thdnh jihu the ndo, vi muc dich gi vd su dung nhiing cdng cy, dgc diem va phuang phap ndo; Kilm tra xem Iflrng ca nhdn phien djch cdc thdng diep khac nhau nhu the nao, nhung gia trj va quan dilm dugc bao [^m hodc loai trir nhu the nao vd truyin thdng cd ihl dnh hudng tdi niem tin va hanh vi nhu thi nao;
Co kien thuc can ban ve cdc vdn de dgo due/ phdp luat lien quan den viec truy cap vd sir dyng thdng tin.
- Hieu biet vc ICT (Thong tin, truyen thong, va cong nghe) noi chung: Su dyng nhung cdng nghe ky thuat sd, nhflng cdng cu giao tiep va/ hoac mang ludi thdng tin mdt cdch phii hgp dl tim kilm, quan ly, ket hgp, danh gid, vd sdng lao thdng lin de phat triln trong mdt nin kinh tl tri thiic; Sir dyng cflng ngh? nhu mglcdng cy d& lim kiem, sap xip, danh gid vd truyen thdng lin, vd cd kiln thdc can ban vS nhung van de dao dire/ luat phap lien quan den viec truy cap va sir dung thdng tin.
2.4.3. Nhirng kl nang song va kT nang nghe nghiep
- Sy linh ho^t va thich nghi: Thich nghi vdi cdc vai Ird va trach nhiem khac nhau; Lam viec hieu qua trong mgt mdi trudng khdng rd rang vd sy uu lien hay thay ddi
- Chii dgng va ty chu: Kiem soat nhu cdu hiiu biet va hpc tap ciia ban thdn; Ren tuyen them cac kT ndng va tim hieu them nhu'ng kien thire ngodi nhirng dieu can ban cdn thiet d& kham pha va md rpng sy hicu biet vd co hpi dat tdi mirc chuyen gia; The hien su chii dpng de phdt triln kT nang tdi mdc chuyen nghiep; Xac djnh, lap thir tu uu tien va hoan ihanh cdng viec md khdng cd mpt sa sudt true tiep nao; Sfl dung thai gian hi?u qud vd qudn ly khdi Iugng cdng viec; The hien sy quyel tdm hpc tap khong ngirng.
- Nhung kl nang xa hoi va xuyen van hoa: Lam viec phii hgp va hieu qua vdi nhflng ngudi khac; Tap hgp tri tue ciia cdc nhdm khi thich hgp; Lam cdu ndi gifla cdc khdc biet ve van hda va su dung nhflng gdc nhin khac nhau de lam tang tfnh sang tao va chat Iugng cdng viec.
- Lam vice nang suat va cd trach nhiem: Ddt ra vd dap irng cdc lieu chuan va cac myc lieu cao nham cho ra sdn phdm chdt lugng diing hgn; The hi?n sy cdn cii vd mdt thdi dg lam vi?c tich cyc (vi dll! diing gid, va dang tin cay).
- Kha nang lanh dao va tinh than trach nhicm: Sii dyng nhflng kT nang giao tiep va giai quyet van de de dnh hudng vd hudng dan nhung ngudi khdc hudng tdi dgt dugc myc dich de ra; Tap hgp siic manh ciia nhflng ngudi khdc de hodn thdnh mgt muc dich chung; The hien su hda ddng va hanh vi dao due; Hdnh dpng mgt cdch cd trach nhiem vi nhung lgi ich cua tdp th8. [6]
3. M y c TIEU GIAO DVC KI NANG S 6 N G TRONG MON DIA LI 6 TRlTOfNG THPT 3.1. Ty n'-Jn thu«
Tutin khi dugc trinh bay y tudng ciia ca nhan trudc ban be, thdy co,... Xdc dinh gid Iri bdn thdn khi tham gia ddng gdp y kien hoac tham gia gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng trong qud trinh hgc tap mdn Dia li. Tycnhgn thux: nhflng van dl thyc tien nhu tdc dgng ciia con ngudi ddi vdi mdi trudng vd dieu chinh l?i hanh vi ciia ca nhan gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng,...
BAO TAG DJA LY; PHU'ONG PHAP VA CONG NGHE NGHIEN CLTU DjA LY
Hgi Dja ly vd Tdi nguy6n Moi truong Thiia Thien Hui Hgi Dja ly Vigt Nam
3.2. Giao tiep
Ldng nghe vdphdn hdi tich cue trong qua trinh trao ddi ngi dung bai hgc trong nhdm nhd hoac ca Idp; Trinh bdy suy nght, y ludng ciia cd nhan hoac ciia nhdm sau qud trinh ldm viec nhdm vl nhfrng vdn dl giao vien ggi y nhdm di din ngi dung can tilp thu ciia bai hgc. The hien st^ cdm thong trong qua trinh lam viec nhdm, ldp. Hpp tac vdi ban be trong gidi quyet nhiem vu giao vien giao. Ngoai ra, trong nhung trudng hgp nhu di tham quan hgc tap Dia li thi HS se cd nhflng co hpi dugc liep xuc vdi nhung ngudi ddn dia phuang, khi dd cdc em se the hien nhung kT ndng giao lilp khi mudn tim hicn v|
cac dia dilm tham quan hay dac trung, tinh each ciia ngudi dan ban dja...
3.3. Tuduy
Trong qua trinh ldm viec cd nhan hogc nhdm, hgc sinh ed dieu kien suy ngdm, hdi tirdng niiimg kiln thirc, kT ndng Dja li dd tilp nhdn trudc dd de gidi quyet nhiem vy dugc dat ra, vi dy su dung kT nang ve, nhan xel bilu dd dl lim hieu/ Ihl hien su hiiu bill vl khi hau mpt dia diem. Hoac phal irien luduy phe phdn khi tiep cgn nhflng hien tugng tac ddng tieu cue den mdi trudng. Trong qua trinh lam viec cd nhdn va nhdm, hgc sinh ludn phai tim kiem vd xit- ly Ihdng lin tfl SGK, tir cac ngudn tu lieu khac nhau &i cd ducrc tri thiirc can thiet gan vdi ndi dung bdi hpc dia li. Van dyng cac kT nang phan iich so sdnh, ddi chilu cdc hicn lugng, sy vgl dia li giiip hgc sinh hieu sdu van de va cd the dua ldi nhflng y kiln sdng tao khi dl xudl bi^n phap gidi quyet tinh hudng cua thuc tien ...
3.4. Giai quyet van de
Trong nhieu bdi hoc dia li, HS cd nhiem vu phdn tich khd khdn vd thudn lgi ciia cae dieu kicn tir nhien, xa hpi, dieu dd tgo dieu kien cho cac em co dugc Ki ndng phdn tich diem mgnh. diem ivu.
Nhung kT nang nay giup cac em lua chgn cdch gidi quyet mdt s6 vdn de cua thuc tien va tu do co the dua ra quyet dinh phu hgp vdi hoan canh va dieu kien thyc tien.
3.5. Lam chii ban than
Hogt dgng nhdm hoac thuc hien nhflng bai lap nhd trong cac tiet hgc dia li theo yeu cau va nhiem vu dugc gido vien giao tgo dieu kien cho hgc sinh ren luy?n ki ndng ddt m\ic lieu cho tung ho^t dpng. Tham gia hogt dpng nhdm, mdi hpc sinh nhgn nhiem vu theo sy phdn cdng va viec cd gdng hoan thdnh nhiem vu se luyen tap cho cdc em khd ndng chiu trdch nhiem (ddm nhgn trdch nhiem) vdi cong viec dugc giao. Biet cdn nhac cdng viec va ti'nh lodn thai gian de hodn tdt nhiem vy, qua dd cdc em co dugc kl ndng lap ke hogch vd qudn ly thdi gian. Lam viec hgp tdc trong nhdm, hgc sinh se trao doi, tranh luan ,.. vdi nhau. Trong bdi cdnh dd hgc sinh phai biet kiem soat cdm xuc, gifl binh tTnh, biel each ung phd vdi cdng thdng, tranh gdy mau thudn. [2]
4. KHA NANG GIAO DUC KI NANG SONG CIIA DAY HOC DU* AN QUA MON DIA LI 12, THPT
4.1. Diem tuvng dong giua muc ticu giao due KNS cho HS trong mon Dia li THPT va muc tieu giao due kT nang the ki 21 eho HS qua day hoc dy an
De dang nhan thay cac KNS ndng c6t: Tic nhdn thuc, Giao tiip. Tuduy, Gidi quyil vdn de. Icif chil bdn than dugc ki vgng se hinh thanh va phat triln cho hgc sinh THPT qua mdn dja li deu Incn hien trong cdc Dac dilm co ban cCia day hgc du dn. Vi dy: Khi dam bao dugc Tinh tuld chuc vd (./'/"
1040 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thir 6: Thdnh phd Hui, 'Ji20!2
HQiDja ly vk Tdi nguyen Moi trufrng Thua Thien Hui H$i Dja ly Viel Nam trdch nhiem cua ngudi hgc va Tgo ra sdn phdm chinh Id da tgo dieu kien cho HS trdi nghiem cdc KNS ' Ttrnhgn thuc. Tuduy, Gidi quyil vdn de, Ldm chu bdn Ihdn. Thuc hien d igc dac dilm Tinh phuc hap
cua nhiem vu hoc tdp. Sir kit hpp giira li Ihuyit vd lhuc hdnh, Vt^c hoc tap mang tinh xd hpi ddng nghia vdi viec da phat tnln cho HS cdc kTnang Tuduy, Tunhgn ihiicvk kT ndng Giao tiip. Dac trung
^ hpc dir dn gdn lien vdi hodn cdnh, Du dn cd y nghTa thuc lien xa hpi, Dinh hudng vdo himg thu cua HS 6\i(?c the hi?n khd rd trong cdc KNS Tuduyva Gidi quyet vdn dekh'i HS van dung cdc thao lac tu duy tim ra nhflng giai phdp sang tgo de gidi quyet tinh hudng ciia thyc lien.
Diem tuang ddng gifla hai ITnh vuc tren cdn dugc the hien ro net irong Qui irinh ciia day hgc du an. Thai vay, cdc KNS Tir nhgn thuc, Giao tiep, Tu duy, Gidi quyet vdn de, ldm chu bdn thdn cd ihe lan lugt hogc ddng thdi xuat hien trong cdc khdu ciia Qui Irinh thyc hien dy dn. Chdng hgn: KT ndng Tir nhgn thirc vk Tu-t/wy sedugc van dyng khi HS Xdc djnh vdn tfe trong thyc lien de Phdt hien duan.
' KT ndng Ldm chu bdn thdn va kT nang Giao liep dugc thuc hanh tri?t de trong budc Xdc dinh muc lieu va Lap ke hogch thuc hien dir dn. Tat cd cdc KNS ndng cdt trong myc tieu gido due KNS trong mdn Dja Ii THPT ddng logt xudt hi?n trong hai budc cudi ciing ciia Qui trinh thyc hien dy dn, do Id cac budc Hien thirc hoa du- an vd Trinh bdy vd ddnh gid kel quddudn.
Rd net nhat la su tuong quan gifla cac kT ndng the ki 21 - muc tieu quan trgng HS phdi dat trong qua trinh thyc hien du dn - vdi 5 kT ndng ndng cdt trong yeu cdu giao due KNS cho HS thdng qua dgy hgc Dja Ii THPT nhu dd de cgp d tren. KT nang Tu duy, Gidi quyet vdn de va Giao tiep dugc cy the hoa vd thang hoa trong nhdm kT ndng Hpc tap vd sdng tgo vdi cac yeu cau: Sy sang tgo vd cdi lien, Tu duy dpc lap va gidi quyet vdn de, Giao liep va hgp lac. Cdc kT nang Tunhgn thirc va Ldm chu bdn thdn dugc the hi?n thgt chi tiet va tudng minh trong nhdm KT ndng sdng vd KT ndng nghe nghiep vdi cdc n^i dung Su linh hoat va thich nghi, Chu dgng va ty chii, KT nang xa hdi va xuyen vdn hoa. Lam viec ndng sudt va cd trach nhiem, Khd ndng lanh dgo vd tinh than trach nhiem. Rieng nhdm kT nang Su dyng cdc phuang tien thdng tin, truyen Ihdng vd cdng nghe vdi cdc ngi dung co bdn: Hieu biet ve Ihdng lin, Hiiu biit ve Iruyin ihdng, Hieu biit ve ICT (Thon^ tin,, Truyin thong, vd Cdng nghe) ndi chung - nhflng kT nang sdng rat quan Irgng trong giai bimg nd thdng tin hien nay - la uu the tuy?t ddi cua dgy hgc du an. Cd thi khdng djnh: Day hgc du dn vdi nhung dac trung rdt rieng ciia minh, neu dugc thyc hien bai ban, diing bdn chat se dam bdo muc lieu gido dye KNS cho HS thdng qua mdn dja lid trudng THPT.
4.2. Mgt so vi du thyc tiln ve kha nang giao due kT nang song cua day hgc an thong qua mon Dia Ii 12, THPT
Vi nhilu li do, khach quan Ian chu quan, dgy hgc dy an dii thi hien rdt nhieu uu vieL dgc biet ve kha nang giao dye KNS, van chua dugc pho biln rgng rai yong dgy hgc ndi chung vd dgy hpc Dja li noi rieng. Rieng ddi vdi Ic^j 12, rai vao cac thdi dilm HS se thi tdt nghiep phd thdng va sau dd la dai hpc, dugc khuyin cao khdng nen yeu cau HS lam dy an. Thi nhung HS 12 vd ngi dung Dja li 12 lgi dac bi?t phu hgp vdi cdc du an Dja li [5]. Trong khudn khd han h?p cua I bdi bao, chiing ldi chi xin chia se kit qud budc ddu vl giao due KNS cho HS qua mgt sd dy an Dja li 12 chiing tdi dd tham gia thyc hien vdi tu cdch td ngudi tu van, hudng dan va cpng tac.
• Ngi dung 1: Bai 14 va 15 - Su dyng vd bdo ve tai nguyen thien nhien, Bdo ve mdi truang va phong chdng thien tai; Y tudng du an: Tim hiiu cac van de vl tai nguyen va mdi trudng dang ndi com tai dja phuang, xac dinh va budc dau thyc hien viec bao ve mdi trudng va sir dung tai nguyen thien nhien hgp li; Ngudi thyc hien: cd gido Mai Thj Chuyen va cac ldp HS 12B1, I2B3, 12B4, 12B7; Thdi gian bdo cdo: 16/3/2012.
DAO TAO DIA LY, PHU'ONG PHAP VA CONG NGHE NGHIEN CLAJ DIA LV
H6i Dja ly vd Tdi nguyen Moi Iruong Thtia Thicn Hue _ _ _ _ _ ^ H^i Dja ly ViC-t Ng
•:• Npi dung 2: Bdi 16 vd 17 - Ddn cu va ngudn lao ddng, Lao ddng vd vice lam; Y tudng dy ai Xac dinh ngudn lyc, tilm nang vd nhu cdu lao ddng eiia dia phuang, dinh hudng nghe nghiep tuongl,i sao cho phil hgp vdi kha nang ciia bdn ihdn va vdi nhu cau tuyen dung; Ngudi thyc hien: cd giao M Thj Chuyen vd cdc ldp HS 12D5, 12D6, 12D7, 12D8. Thdi gian bdo cao: 29/3/2011.
Cdc du an dugc HS thyc hien tir 2 tuan (npi dung 1) den 4 tudn (ngi dung 2) va lam viec (he nhdm (lu 5 din 10 HS). Nam KNS ndng cdt dugc ki vpng trong dgy hpc mdn Dia li d trudng THP deu dugc hinh thdnh, ren luyen vd phal huy tac dyng. KT nang Tir nhdn thdc d gdc dp Thi hien syt tin va xdc dinh gia tri ban than dugc the hicn thgt ro net trong qua trinh HS thyc hi?n dy an, dac bii khi bdo cao san pham. HS thudng xuyen dugc tao dieu kien dl trinh bdy y ludng trudc nhdm (iron qua trinh thyc hien dy an) ddng thdi the hien kha nang dien dal khi bao cao ket qua qua trinh lam vie Irudc ldp, tnrdc thdy cd. Cac em cdn the hicn kT nang Xac dinh gia tri ban than khi kien quyll phan di nhung hanh vi lieu cyc doi vdi mdi Irudng. KT nang nay cdn dugc Ihe hien sau sdc hon khi cdc cm d phdn ndo Ihyc hien dugc hdnh ddng bao ve mdi trudng. Chdng hgn: Id chuc lhu gom, phan Ioai ra thai; thilt kl cac td roi keu gpi khdng xa rac, phan loai rac va bd rdc dung noi qui djnh dl phiin pha eho ngudi dan dja phucmg; tdi chi rac thai thanh nhung vdt hflu dung nhu tui xdch; cgp; Ijch; den ih^
sdng cho gdc hgc tap; dung cu dyng bill, myc...
Vice thiet ke id rai sao cho phii hgp vdi bdi canh va dugc ngudi ddn dja phuang chap nhiin v;
hudng ung, viec ldi che nhflng dd vat da bi bd di thanh nhflng vat chdng nhflng hflu dyng ma con xini xan chinh la cdc bieu hien HS da dugc hinh Ihdnh ren luyen va phat huy cdc kT nang Tuduy VA Gia quyel vdn de. KT nang Tu duy va gidi quyel vdn de con duac the hien that hicu qua khi cac em iighiei cuu ngudn Iao ddng dia phuang trong mdi tuang quan vdi nguon lao ddng nudc nha, trien vpng vc nhi cau Iao ddng tai dja phuang (Long Thanh) trong luang quan so sanh vdi viec luycn dyng lao dong ta ' r&Qt sd dia phuang khac (nhu TP HCM, Binh Duang...) cung nhu xdc dinh nang tuc ban thdn va quye
dinh nen hpc nganh nghe gi, nen quay ve Long Thanh phuc vy hay ncn d lgi nai ddo tgo (TP HCM) Sdn phdm Long Thdnh - Ddt Idnh lieu chim cd ddu ciia nhdm HS 12D8 that sy gay an tugng sau dgu cho nhirng ngudi tham du.
KT nang Ldm chu bdn thdn dugc lhuc hdnh triet de trong dgy hgc dy an, tu khau chudn bi dec khdu thyc hien du an (dii vdi npi dung 2 tudn hay 4 tudn), ca nhdn trong mdi nhdm phai thudng xuyen cp Kat vdi cdc kT ndng Dat myc lieu. Dam nhdn trach nhiem (nhiem vu dugc phdn cy the cho tirng ci nhan), Ljip kl hoach va Quan li thdi gian. Cac nhdm thudng xuyen trao ddi ke hoach, npi dung va tien -IP^ cdng vice; trong bdi canh dd, HS tdt phai biet Kiem soat cam xiic, bill each U'ng pho vdi cang
tlidng, tranh gay mdu thuan, bang khong, nhdm sc khong the hoan thdnh nhiem vu.
KT ndng Giao liep duoc thudng xuyen ren luyen. Cac em cd dieu ki?n giao tiep vdi nhau trong mgt nhdm, ddng thdi giira cac nhdm (GV lao dieu kien cho cac nhdm ihudng xuyen trao ddi thong lin). Dac bi?t, cdc nhdm HS da chu dgng licn lac, hdi y kiln eac chuyen gia (ndi dung 2) va tryc liep phdng van ngudi ddn (ndi dung 1), tren sd sd dd dua ra nhung nhan dinh, ddng thdi thilt lgp valhiw hien nhflng viec cdn Iam ngay. Den day lai an hien bdng dang ciia kT ndng Tu duy va Gidi quyel van di.
Cdc kT nang ve tim kiem, lhu thap, xii li thdng tin va kT ndng cdng nghe thdng lin thai su"nO hoa" trong day hgc du an^ HS da su dung khd thanh thao cac phan mem PPT, Proshow, Publisher ^ de tgo ra nhflng bai trinh dien da phuong lien va cac Video Clip, cdc td rai that an tugng va sinh dOnS- HS da tgo dugc cac san phdm budc ddu mang "ddng dap chuyen nghiep" nhu chinh cdc em dang hoa nhap vao cupc sdng thyc te vdi day dii vai tro, trach nhiem xa hdi.
Hot nghi Khoa hgc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6: Thdnh phd Hue. '' ^"
Igi Dja Iy va Tai nguven Moi truong Thu-a Thicn Hui Hoi Dja ly Viet Nam
ld:T LUAN
Cd the khang djnh Day hgc dy an da gdp phdn khdng nhd trong viec hinh thanh, ren luyen cdc KNS ndng cdt cua giao due phd thdng Viet Nam cho HS THPT thdng qua mon Dja li, ma tren ddy la hai vi du cy thi ve dy an Dja li 12. Cdc dy an Dia li 12, vdi ddc Irung ve ngi dung va myc lieu cua rieng minh, se gdp phdn hinh thanh va nang cao trong HS y thirc vd hdnh dgng diing ddn vl cdc van dl Ion ciia Viet Nam cung nhu the gidi. Dd la: Bdo ve mdi truimg, ung phd vdi Biln ddi khi hdu va phong tranh Thien tai. Song song do cac van Sk vl Xac djnh va bao ve chu quyen lanh tho, Xac dinh thi mgnh cdc nganh kinh te trong nudc va dia phuang trong tuong quan so sdnh canh iranh gifla cdc diaphuang,cdclinh,lhanh, cdc viing Irong lanh thd Viet Nam va tren ihl gidi ... cung se la nhflng dy
^ rdt hap ddn vd thilt thuc. Su hinh thanh, ren luyen va phat huy cac KNS ndng cdt ciia gido due phd thong Viet Nam qua cdc du an tren Id dilu chdc chdn. Thilt tudng, vdi gid trj ldn lao nhudng dy, cac dyan Dja li cdn dugc Ihiet ke thgl phong phii, da dang. Vd quan trgng hem, cdn dugc nghien ciiu dl dp dung rpng rdi d mgi cap hpc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Trjnh Van Bilu, Phan Ddng Chau Thiiy, Trinh Le Hdng Phuang, "Day hpc du dn - Tu Ii luan din i thyc tien", Tgp chi khoa hpc Trudng DHSP TPHCM, (28).
2. Bp Gido dye va Dao tao (2010), Gido diic kT ndng sdng trong mon Dia fi d irudng Trung hpc Phd thdng, Nxb Gido dye Viet Nam.
3. Nguyen Van Cudng (1997), "Day hpc Project hay day hpc theo du an ", Trudng Dgi hpc Su pham - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi, Thong bdo khoa hpc, (3).
4. Trdn Thj Huang (chii bien), Nguyin Thi Bich Hgnh, Hd Van Lien, Ngd Dinh Qua (2009), Gido dye hpc dgi cuang, Tai lieu luu hanh ngi bg, Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM.
5. Nguyen Thj Kim Lien (2011), "Phuang phdp dy an va uu thi vdn dung vao day hoc Dia li 12 THPT", Tgp chi khoa hoc Trudng DHSP TPHCM, (31).
6. Tgp doan Intel (2009), Chuang trinh dgy hgc cua Intel - Khda hpc ca bdn (Intel Teach Essentials), Nxb Tong hgp TPHCM.
7. L6 Thdng, Nguyin Vilt Thjnh va tgk (2010), SGK Dig li 12 ban cabdn, Nxb Giao dye.
DAO TAO DlA LY; PHU'ONG PHAP VA CONG NGIIE NGHIEN cOU DIA LY
