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THONG TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE BAC KAN A
NGHIEN Cl>U DAC DlfeM SINH HOC, DOC TINH CAC LOAI N A M DOC THU'aNG GAP TAI TINH B A C KAN
OAT VAN Dt
Trong nhfrng ndm gan ddy tai tinh Bdc Kan lien tyc xay ra cdc vy ngd ddc n i m do ngu'di ddn hdi phai nam dOc d rOng v l an. Theo t h i n g ke cua Nganh Y t l , tCr ndm 2004 d i n nam 2011, todn tinh xay ra 28 vu ngO dOc nam vOi 94 ngudi m l c , 14 ngu'di t u vong, chiem 14,9% cae vu ngp dpc thyc pham. Ngd dOc n i m thudng xay ra d vung ddng bdo ddn tOe it ngudi, dOi song ngu-yi ddn edn gap nhieu khd khdn vd d l lai hdu qua rat ndng ne. Cd vu ca gia dinh tu" vong do dn phdi ndm die, ed vg nhilu ngu-oi trong gia dinh t u vong, nhO'ng ngu'di cdn sdng d l lai di chu-ng nghidm trpng
Theo n h i l u tdc gia trong vd ngodi nude, cCing mdt loai n i m nhu'ng moc a cdc vung ed dieu kidn khi hgu, dat dai t h i nhu'd'ng khdc nhau, mpc d cdc mOa khdc nhau trong ndm ed t h i ed mOl so ddc d l l m sinh hpc vd d i e tinh khde nhau Nhieu ngu'd'i ddn eho r i n g cCing mdt lodi n i m mdu t r l n g nhu'ng cd luc hdi dn khdng bj ngO ddc nhu'ng cd lOe Igi bi ngO dOc c h i t ngudi Id do ngudi ddn khdng phdn bidt du'oc n i m dOc vd n i m dn du-yc. Tuy mau sdc, hInh ddng g i n g i l n g nhau nhung v i n cd mdt s6 ddc d i l m khdc nhau. Van d l d$t ra Id Idm the ndo d l nhdn dgng du-yc cdc lodi n i m dOc, cdc lodi ndy phdn b l d* ede khu v y c ndo eua tinh Bdc Kan"?
Cho d i n nay v i n ehua cd d l tdi ndo nghidn cuu.
Tni-dc thye trgng dd, Hpe vipn Qudn y chu tri p h l i hpp vdl S o Y t l , Chi cyc An todn v0 sinh thyc pham tinh Bde Kgn thuc hi$n de tai
"Nghidn ci>u d$c d i l m sinh hpc, dOc tinh cdc loai n i m dOc thudng gdp tgi tinh Bdc Kgn vd de xudt mOt s l bi§n phdp d y phdng, cap cdu, d i l u trj ngp dOc n i m dOe" do PGS.TS Hodng Cdng Minh lam chu n h i l m d l tdi O l tdi dd d u y c HOi d i n g Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghd chuydn ngdnh tinh nghiOm thu dat logi x u i t sdc.
Myc Tieu CUA oe TAI
- Xde djnh d u y c ddc diem sinh hpe, ddc tinh cdc lodi n i m ddc thu'dng gdp tgi mdt so vung cua tinh Bdc Kgn.
P G S . T S H o a n g C o n g M i n h Hoc v i e n Q u a n y - Xdy d y n g cdc bidn phdp n h l m ndng cao nang luc cong tdc d u phdng, chan dodn, d p c u u vd d i l u tri ngp dpc n i m dpe eho can bd y te cua tinh Bdc Kan
0 6 l TUXWG VA PHUX7NG PHAP NGHIEN COU - Boi t u y n g nghien ei>u: Cde lodi nam ddc thudng gay ra ede vy ngO doc tgi cac i^a phuong thudc tinh Bde Kan.
- Phuong phap n g h i l n ei>u: D i l u tra nam dOc theo mdu d i l u tra, thu hdi, chup anh m l u nam tgi thye dia noi cac gia dinh bj ngp ddc da hdi nam doc v l dn Xac djnh lodi nam dOc theo phu'ong phdp Tnnh Tam Kidt (1996).
K ^ T QUA NGHIEN CI>U
Trong thdi gian thye hidn d l tdi, nhdm nghidn CCPU dd tien hdnh d i l u tra cdc logi nam dOc tgi 22 xd t h u l c 7 huy^n cua tinh Bde Kan phdt hi$n 10 lodi n i m dpe, trong dd ed 5 lodi da gdy ngO dOe d ngudi, gom' Nam trdng hinh ndn, nam mO khia ndu xdm, n i m d tdn trdng philn xanh, nam x l p t h I i , n i m ma. Trong dd, n i m t r l n g hinh ndn vd n i m mu khia ndu xdm cd t h i gdy ti> vong. Ode d i l m nh$n dang, phdn b l vd hinh anh cdc lodi nam dOc du'oc trinh bdy d u d i ddy.
1. N i m ddc t r l n g hinh ndn (Amanita virosa)
THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE BAC KAN
Ddy Id lodi nam dd gay ra n h i l u vu ngo ddc c h i t ngu'di tai Bdc Kan.
- Dgc d i l m nhan dang:
Dang nam T h i qud Mu nam: Mau trdng sua, ddi khi cd mau trdng vang nhat d" dinh. Luc edn non mu nam cd dau trdn, mep khum dinh chat vao euong, sau mu nam Ion ddn thdnh hinh ndn hogc trai phang, duOng kinh mu 4 - 10 em P h i l n n i m (cdc Id phien nam mat d u d i mu n i m ) cd mau t r l n g Cuong ndm: Mau t r l n g sua, cd vdng e u l n g dang mdng mdu trdng, ehdn euong phinh dang cu vd ed bao g l c hinh ddi hoa Thit ndm: Mdu t r l n g , mill khd chju.
- Noi mpc: N i m thuong moc don ddc hogc tu-ng dam tren mSt dat trong ryng
- Phan b l Tai tinh Bdc Kan lodi n i m nay thay moc d cac xa Lu-ong T h u y n g , xa Kim L u huyen Na Ri, xd My Thanh, xd Sy Binh huyen Bach Thdng, xd Dai Sao huyen C h y Ddn, xa Chu Huong huydn Ba Be.
2. Ndm d tan t r l n g p h i l n x a n h ( C h l o r o p h y l u m m o l y b d i t e s )
Nam d tan trang phien xanh la loai nam da gay ra nhilu vu ngd doc n h l t tai Bdc Kan. tuy nhien khdng cd nguoi c h i t do an phai ndm nay.
- Dgc diem nhan dang.
Dang nam: The qua. Mu nam: Luc cdn non hinh ban cau, mep mu g i n vao cudng va cd mau vdng nhgt, cd cac vay nho mdu nau Khi tru'ong thanh mu nam xo6 ra hinh 6 hoac trai phdng Mu nam mdu t r l n g va cd mau nau nhgt d dinh mu Tren b l mdt mu nam co cac vay mdng mau nau ban, vay ddy dan ve dinh mu. D u d n g kinh mu nam trudng thdnh- 5 - 1 5 cm
P h i l n n i m : Luc non mdu trdng, luc gid mdu ti>
xanh nhgt d i n xanh xam. Cudng n i m : Mdu trdng hogc nau, cd vdng cudng mdu trdng. Chdn cuing khdng phinh to dang cu vd khong ed bao glc.
Cudng ndm ddi 10 - 30 em. Thit nam cd mdu t r l n g , mui khong dae trung.
- Noi moc: Nam t h u d n g mpe thdnh tirng ddm hoac don dpc tren mat d l t d ven chudng trdu, chudng bd, trdn bai co, rudng cd bdn phdn chulng„.
- Phan bd' Tai Bdc Kgn loai ndm ndy thay mpc a cae xd L u o n g T h u o n g , Van Minh, Hao NghTa huyen Na Ri, cdc xa Giao Hieu, Nghidn Loan, BOc Bo huyen Pac Nam, xa Bdnh Trach huyen Ba Be, xa Qudn Binh huyen Bgch Thdng, Thj tran Na Phae huydn Ngdn Son.
3. Nam ma (Omphalotus nidifomis) Ddy la loai nam gay ra n h i l u vu ngd dOe d Bdc Kan
- Dae d i l m nhan dang: Dang n i m . T h i qua, Mu nam Hinh quat hoac hinh p h i l u (Idm d mO), mep mu nam t h u o n g cuon xudng. Mdu mfl nim r l t da dang' vang kem (thu'dng dgm hon d gifra mu), nau nhat, xdm nhat hoac hdng nhat. Du'dng kinh mu 4 - lOem Philn ndm mdu kem trdng Cudng nam: Thon nhpn, g i n vdi mO n i m a giOa hoac lech a cgnh mu, dai 2 - 4cm. Thjt nam: Mdu kem trlng, mui vi khong ddc trung. Ddy Id nam phSt sang mau xanh trong dem toi khi troi am, sau mira.
- N O I moc N i m moc thanh tCfng dam trdn g5 muc trong rung
- Phan bd. Tai Bdc Kgn loai ndm ndy thay mpc d cac xa Ban Thi, Xuan Lgc, Phu-ong Vidn huy0n C h y Ddn, xd C u Ld huydn Na Ri, xd Hd Hi§u huyen Ba B l , xa Nghien Loan huyen Pac Ndm, xd Tan Son huyen C h y Moi.
4. Ndm x d p t h d i (Russula foetens)
„ THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE BAC KAN
N i m x l p t h I i dd gdy ra 1 ngd ddc voi 6 nguyi m l c tgi Bac Kgn.
- Ddc d i l m nhdn dang: Dang nam: The qua. Mu nam' Luc d i u cd hinh bdn d u , mdu vdng ndu, sau xod rdng thdnh phang vd hoi Idm d* giija dgng philu ndng, dudng kinh 5 -lOem. Phien ndm: Mdu trdng d i n vdng nhgt. Cudng nam: Mau t r l n g d i n vang nhgt ddi 5 - 7cm. Thit nam. Mau tring, mong vd xdp, khi gid cd mui thoi.
- Nai moc: Ndm thuung mpc don doc hoac thdnh cum tren mgt ddt rCrng
- Phan bo: Tai Bdc Kan I h l y mpe d xa Thu'ong An huydn Ngdn Son.
5. Ndm mu khia ndu x a m (Inocybe fastigiata hoae Inocybe rimosa)
Nam mO khia ndu xdm Id loai nam da gay mot vy ngd ddc nhdt tgi B l e Kgn.
- Dde diem nhdn dang:
Dang nam: The qua. MO n i m : Hinh ndn d i n hinh chudng, dinh nhon, cd ede soi to mau t y vdng den ndu toa ra tu' dinh mu xuong mdp mO n i m Khi gid mO xdm xe thdnh cae tia rieng re D u d n g kinh mQ nam 2-8cm, P h i l n nam Luc non mdu hoi trdng vd khi gid trd' ndn mdu xam va mdu ndu C u i n g nam Ddi 3-9cm, khdng ed vdng euong Mdu cuong tu' hoi t r l n g d i n hoi vdng. Thit n i m : Mdu t r l n g
- Noi m p c Mpc ti^ng ddm trdn mdt dat d nhCrng noi cd n h i l u Id cdy myc ndt trong rung.
- Phdn b l ; Tgi Bdc Kgn loai n i m ndy thIy mpe d xd Kim Lu huydn Na Rl.
Ngodi vi$c thyc hi§n nghidn eu'u ddc diem sinh hpc, dOc tinh vd anh hudng cua n i m d i e trdn co t h i chuOt doi vdi 3 lodi nam Nam dOc t r l n g hinh ndn, nam d tdn trdng p h i l n xanh vd n i m ma, d l tdi dd xdy dyng cdc bien phdp d y phdng, chan dodn, d p c u u vd d i l u trj ngd dOe nam ddc cho edn b l y t l eua tinh. De tai cung bdc bo, ehung minh mOl so quan nipm sai l i m eua ngudi dan v l n i m ddc. Khdng It nguoi quan ni0m r i n g n i m dpc thudng ed mdu sdc s d . Dieu ndy hodn toan sai.
NhO-ng ngudi t u vong do dn nam tai tinh Bdc Kan d i u do lodi n i m ed mdu trdng tinh khilt mang tdn
" n i m dOc trdng hinh ndn" gdy ndn.
Di ndng eao ndng lye cdng tdc chan dodn vd d i l u trj ngO dOc n i m cho cdn bp y t l , nhdm nghien ci>u dd eung d p tdi lidu vd to chu-c tgp huan, hudng d i n cdc c h i n dodn vd d i l u tri ngd dOe n i m d tieng t u y l n y t l . D l c h i n dodn dung lodi nam thudng gdy ngO dOc c h i t ngudi d B l e Kgn. nhdm
nghidn c u u dd san xudt hon 100 bd test phat hien nhanh dOe td amatoxin cd trong nam dpc trdng hinh ndn eung d p cho cdc Tram Y t l xa. Bo lest nhanh giup cho vide chan dodn ngd ddc ddc td loai nam gdy c h i t nguoi t u dd han e h l s l nguoi t u vong do ndm dpc.
K^T LUAN V A O e NGH!
Sau 2 nam thye hien, Ban ehu nhidm d l tai dd tien hanh d i l u tra cac loai ndm ddc tgi 22 xd thudc 7 huydn eua tinh Bdc Kgn, phat hien 10 lodi ndm ddc, trong do cd 5 lodi da gay ngo ddc d ngudi.
D l tai da xac djnh ddc tinh, dae diem sinh hoe eua 10 loai n i m ddc va xay dyng cac bidn phap nhdm nang cao nang luc cdng tac d y phong, chan dodn, d p cuu va d i l u trj ngd ddc nam ddc cho can bd y t l cua tinh Bac Kan.
Vao mua mua Id d i l u kien de cdc logi nam phat tnen, d l nghj cac co quan chue nang, chfnh quyln cac d p d n tang cudng tuyen truyen gido due trong cdng dong dan c u , trudng hoe ve s y nguy h i l m cCia vide dn nam dai hai d rung. S u dung tat ea cac phuong tien truyin thdng dgi chung nhu' Ddi phdt thanh, truyin hinh, bdo dia phuong, internet, tranh tuyen truyen, t d roi... d l tuydn truyen phdng ehong ngO dpc nam dpe Thud-ng xuydn cho phdt bdng hinh "Nam dOc - Moi nguy hiem e h l l nguoi" trdn truyen hinh cua ttnh d l nhdn din nhdn dgng du^gc cdc loai nam dOc,
Tgi cdc xa cd nhieu vu ngO ddc nam ddc UBND xd ehi dgo hdi phu nu', dodn thanh nien. hOi ndng ddn, trud'ng thdn, ban,... tham gia tuydn truyin gido due nhdn dan can trong hdy thdn trpng khi hdi n i m dai d rung ve dn Nhung loai nam cdn nghi ngd, khdng rd loai thi khdng ndn hai v l dn Tuyet ddi khong d u o c thu dn nam.
Can bd y t l xa to chue tap h u l n eho trudng thdn, gia lang, trudng ban ve cac bien phdp d y phdng vd each so cuu bude ddu tai gia dinh khi ed ngd ddc ndm trudc khi dua benh nhan d i n eo s d y te. Phoi hop voi cac don vi qudn ddi ddng quan tren dia bdn trong d y phdng va dieu trj ngd dpc nam ddc.
Trgm y t l xa d n c6 day du co so thudc d p eu'u va d i l u tri ngd dpc n i m dpc theo danh muc
S d Y t l t i l n hanh cho in tranh, t d roi vdi s l lupng du d p cho cac xa, thi tran va chi dgo phdng y le cde huydn to chue tgp huan cho can bd y t l tuyen co so* theo tdi lidu, bai giang dd dupe d p
Bien tap (Nguydn Hung) 5
