n thu hut dau ta cda cdc doanh nghiep

Phan tich cac yeu to anh hudng den thu hut ddu tu cuo cac doanh nghiep vao cac khu

cong nghiep tqi thanh pho Can Tho

B U I V A N T R I N H

N G U Y E N THI N I N H T H U A N

r

rcn ca sd nghien citu cdc yiu to anh hadng ih'-'n thu hut dau ta cda cdc doanh nghiep vdo cdc hhu rang nghiep (KCN) ciia Can Tha, bdi uic't tap trung: (1) ddnh gid tong quan tinh hinh hoat dnni^ ddu tit vd thac trqng mdi trUdng hoat dgng ddu ta kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghiep trong KCN. (2) phdn tich cdc nhdn to anh hadng din thu hut ddu ta udo KCN cua doanh nghiep: (3) dv xuit mdt sd'gidi phdp thu hut doanh nghiep trong vd ngoai nitdc ddu ti/ vao Ki 'N Cdn Tha.

1. T h f l e t r a n g h o a t d o n g d a u tfl k i n h d o a n h c u a d o a n h n g h i e p K C N Trong nhflng nfim qua, gifi tri san xufi't cong nghiep cua efie KCN tfing d a n vfi chie'm ty t r p n g t r e n 40% gifi tri s a n xufi't cong nghiep tofin thfinh pho'. D o a n h t h u cua cfic cac doanh nghiep t r o n g KCN t a n g cao q u a efie nfim d a u eua giai doan 2005 - 2009 va giam m a n h d nfim 2009, do a n h hfldng eua khiing h o a n g k i n h t e tofin c l u ; tdng doanh t h u nfim 2010 d a t 1,83 ty USD tfing 31,7%

so eung ky nfim 2009. Tinh hinh nop ngfin sach tfing dieu qua cac nfim. Nfim 2009, mfic du t i n h h i n h s a n xufi't kinh doanh gfip nhieu kho khfin nhflng cac doanh nghiep KCN da thfle hien tdt n g h i a vu nop t h u e va tfing m a n h so vdi nfim 2008, t a n g 55%; nfim 2010 thfle hien 2.343 ty dong tfing ll,57"u so cflng ky nfim 2009. Cac KCN dfi giai quyet viec l a m cho hdn 34 nghin lao dpng. Q u a so lieu dieu t r a cho thfi'y, p h i n Idn ngfldi dieu hfinh doanh nghiep t r o n g KCN eo t r i n h dp c h u y e n mon eao, 80,85% ed t r i n h dp cao dfing, dai hpe, 12,77% CO t r i n h dp sau dai hpc, p h i n Idn CO tfl 6 - 10 nfim k i n h nghiem.

Q u a dfinh gifi t i n h h i n h boat dpng d i u tfl vfi thfle t r a n g moi trfldng d i u tfl k i n h d o a n h ciia cfic doanh nghiep t r e n dia b a n thfinh

phd^ C i n Thd eho thfi'y vfin eon ton t a i mpt so' k h o khfin, b a n ehe sau:

- Chinh sfich t h u h u t d i u tfl vfio cfic KCN chfla t a o dfldc sflc hfi'p d a n nhfi d i u tfl; thu tuc cfi'p p h e p cho nhflng dfl a n mdi con mfi't n h i e u thdi gian.

- H a t i n g KCN vdi dfic di§m dia chat lfi nin dfit yen. chi phi dfiu tfl h a t i n g eao so vdi cfic vflng t r o n g ea nflde, viec xfiy dflng k h a ton kem; cong tfic bdi thfldng giai phong mfit bfing eon rfi't c h a m . chi p h i boi hofin, s a n lfip mfit bfing eao dfin d e n gifi eho thue lai da't cao, n e n n h i e u n h a d i u tfl eon dfin do.

• Quy hoach KCN Hflng Phfl 1, 2A vfi 2B k h o n g gfin vdi xfiy dflng k h u tfii d i n h efl nen den n a y vfin chfla giai tda bdi hoan, di ddi dfin de xay dflng h a t a n g .

- Cdn thieu "dfi't sach" cho cac nhfi d a u tfl de thfle hi$n dfl fin, mpt s d trfldng hdp co "dat sach" nhflng gifi cho t h u e rfi't eao, vi vfiy, chfla t h a t sfl t h u h u t cac dfl a n cd t i m ed eua efie nhfi d i u tfl nfldc ngofii. Cac KCN Htfng P h u 2A, 2B vfi Hflng P h u 1, do t h a y dd'i ehu

Bui van Trinh, TS., Tnicmg dai hoc C^n Thcr, Nguyen Thj Ninh ThuSn, ThS., S6 COng thucmg Cii

70

Phdn tich cdc ye'u tfi'

d^u tfl ha t a n g KCN, cflng vdi chinh sach b6i hofin ho trd, tfii dinh efl, gifi dfi't, vfit ki^'n tnic thay doi n e n a n h hfldng rfi't Idn den tien do xay dflng ha t i n g .

- Quy hoaeh cae KCN ehfla gfin vdi (juy hoach vflng nguyen lieu; efie KCN chfla xay dilng dfldc he thdng xfl ly nflde t h a i tfip trung; vfin con nhieu doanh nghiep chfla xay dflng he thong xfl ly nflde t h a i hofic dfi c6 h^

thS'ng xfl ly nfldc t h a i nhflng hoat dpng khong thfldng xuyen, hofic chfla d a t yeu cau nen vfin cdn gay 6 nhi§m nguon nfldc vfi mfli hoi.

- Cfic KCN CO t i n h chfi't da ngfinh nghe ding chung dia bfin, chfla p h a n khu ehfle nang hdp ly eho tflng n h 6 m ngfinh boat dong, thfim ehi cd nhflng dfl an d i u tfl eung song song tdn tai mfi ngfinh n g h e ddi lap BANG 1; M a t r a n tfltfng

n h a u ve eong nghe, phfldng thfle san xufi't, v$ sinh a n tofin, xii ly moi trfldng, ....

- Lt(c Ifldng lao dpng phd thong tuy dong, nhflng da sd ehfla c6 tay nghe, doanh nghiep sau khi tuyen dtang phai dfio tao cho phu hdp vdi yeu c l u eong viee; chfla eo trfldng, t r u n g t a m dfio tao nghe rieng eho efie KCN, dfiy cung lfi mpt b a n che lfim giam sflc hfi'p dfin ddi vdi cae nhfi d i u tfl.

2. P h a n t i c h c a c ye'u t o a n h hfldfng d e n t h u h u t d a u tfl c u a d o a n h n g h i e p v a o c a c KCN C a n T h d

2.1. Doi vdi doanh nghiep trong KCN De xfiy dflng mo hinh vfi do Ifldng mflc dp q u a n trpng cua cac ye'u to' a n h hfldng den t h u h u t d i u tfl cua cae doanh nghiep vao KCN, t a s^ dung mo hinh p h a n tich n h a n to' va quy fldc bien tfl VI den V6.

q u a n gifla c a c b i e n V1-V6 Bien

VI - Chfnh sdch inj dai V2 -Vi tri (Mt dai V3 - Co so ha I^g V4 - Dien, ntn5c va xii ly

nuac thai V5 - Nguyen lieu V6- Lao dfing

VI 1,000 0,059 0.532 0,474 0,133 0,096

V2 0,059

1,000 -0,096 -0,096 0,542 0,362

V3 0,532

•0,096 1.000 0,423 -0,017 -0,004

V4 0,474 -0,096 0,423 1,000 -0,149 -0,127

V5 0,133 0,542 -0,017 -0,149 1,000 0,313

V6 0,096 0,362 -0,004 -0,127 0,313 1,000 Ngudn: Ke't qua xit ly bang phSn mem SPSS tir s6 lieu dieu tra nam 2010.

Theo ket qua b a n g 1 t h i cae bien VI (Chinh sach flu dai d a u tfl vfio KCN), V3 (Cd sS ha tang ky t h u a t KCN) vfi V4 (Dfldc cung c^P dien, nfldc san xufi't, v i i n thong vfi xfl ly M6C thai tap t r u n g tdi chan hfing rfio doanh nghiep) co tfldng q u a n khfi eao; ddng thdi, ky TODg rang cae bi§'n nfiy c6 tfldng q u a n vdi Diot nhan td vfi t a dfit n h a n to^ e h u n g eho ba bien nay lfi Fj. Cae bien V2 (Vi tri, dia di^m thanh lfip KCN thufin ldi eho san xufi't kinh uoanh), V5 (Nguyen lieu d i u vfio on dinh) va V6 (Liie ludng lao dpng ddi dfio, gia n h a n

•^Sng hfi'p dfin cung vdi ehinh sach h6 trd dfio tao lao dpng) cd tfldng q u a n vdi mot h a y

nhieu n h a n to' vfi dfit n h a n to' chung eho ba bien nay lfi Fa. De xac dinh efie bien eo tfldng q u a n nhfl t h e nfio, t a sii dung kiem dinh Bartlett de kiem dinh gia thuyet:

J HQ: Cac bien khong co tfldng quan;

\ Hi: Co tfldng quan gifla cfic bien.

Trong phfin tich nhfin to^, t a mong dpi bfie bd gia thuye't HQ, nghia la ehfi'p nhfin gia thuye't Hi cac bien co lien q u a n vdi n h a u . K6't kiem dinh Bartlett c6 tri so cua KMO = 0,632, vi vfiy gia thuye't HQ bi bfic bd, phfin tfch n h a n tdlfi p h u hdp.

Theo tieu c h u a n eigenvalue Idn hdn 1 (mac dinh cua chfldng trinh SPSS) ehi eo hai

in cOu Kinh tdsd412 - Thdng 9/2012

71

Phdn tfch cdc y6u tfi

nhan td dflde rut ra. Sd Iflpng hai nhan to lfi thich hdp, vdi phin trfim bien thien (cumulative

%) la 63,8",,. cho biet hai nhan in diu tien giai thich dflpc 6:1.8".. luon thi(''n ciia dfl lieu.

Tfl ke't qua phfin tich, tn cd ma trfin nhfl bang 2. chfla dflng eac hit'ii da chuIn h6a.

Nhflng he t^d (factor loading) bieu dien tfldng quan gifla ciw nhfin to vfi cac bien. ll(' so' nay Idn eho biet nhan to vfi cac bien en hf'ii quan ehfit die vdi nhau.

BANG 2: Ma tran nhan to sau khi xoay (V1-V6)

Rien

V1 - Oiinh s^ch inj dai V2 - Vi iri dat dai V3-Co so ha tang

V4 - Didn, nu6c v^ xii ly nudc thai V5 - Nguyen lifiu

V6 - Lao dOng

M i l

1 0,840 0,811 0,768

n l<i 2

0.821 0.815 0.680 Ngudn: Kei qua xur ly bang ph5n mfim SPSS [ii sd

lieu dieu tra nam 2010

Xhfin to' 1 CO moi tfldng quan cao vdi 3 bien, Vl (Chinh sfich flu dai dau tfl vfio KCN), V3 (Cd sd ha ting ky thufit KCN), V4 (Dfldc cung cfi'p dien, nfldc san xufi't, viln thong vfi xfl ly nfldc thai tap trung tdi chan hfing rfio doanh nghiep). Nhan to' Fl co the dflcte dfit ten la "Chinh sfich thu hut vfi dieu kien ed sd vfit chfi't KCN". Nhan td 2 Hen quan ehfit che lin Ifldt vdi V2 (Vi tri, dia didm thfinh lap KCN thufin ldi cho san xufi't kinh doanh), V5 (Nguyen lieu dau vfio dn dinh) vfi V6 (Lflc Ifldng lao dpng ddi dfio, gifi nhan eong hfi'p dfin cung vdi ehinh sfich ho trd dfio tao lao dpng).

Nhfin td F2 c6 the dfldc dfit ten lfi "Vi tri vfi cae ye'u to' diu vao ciia KCN'.

Diem nhan td de ke't hdp cac bien chuIn hoa dfldc trinh bfiy trong ma trfin he sd nhan to (bang 3) thi mo hinh co 2 nhan td ehung F,, Fa, vdi Fj eo ba bien lien quan lfi VI, V3 vfi V4. F2 cd ba bien c6 lien quan lfi

V2, V5 vfi V6. Cu the flde Ifldng di§'m nhan tdciiii h_ii nhan toF,, Fauhfl sau:

F, = 0,433V1 + 0,414V3 + 0,390V4 F, = 0,438V2 + 0,435V5 + 0,364V6 BANG 3: Ma t r a n he so nhan to (VI - V6)

llitn

VI - Chfnh sach uu dai V2-Vilridaidai V3 - Co sd ha tang

V4 - Didn, ninfc v.i xif ly nutte thai V5 - Nguyfin liftu

V6 - Lao dong

Nhin tti 1 0,433 -0.015 0.414 0.390 0,015 0.011

2 0.113 0.438 -0.005 -0.090 0.435 0.364 Ngiiehi Ke't qua \il IJ bang ph5n mem SPSS tiJ s6

heu di^u tra nam 2010.

Nhan to" F, eo he sd'die'm lfi 0,433 (Chi'nh sach flu dfii diu tfl vao KCN) eao nhfi't va anh hfldng Idn nhfi't den nhfin to' chung;

nhfin td F. eo he sd' diem lfi 0,438 (Vi tri, dia diem thfinh lap KCN thufin ldi cho san xufi't kinh doanh) cao nhfi't va anh hfldng 16n nhfi't den nhfin to'ehung.

Qua ke't qua phan tich tren cho thfi'y, diu tfl eiia eac doanh nghiep vao KCN Cin Thd chiu anh hfldng nhieu yeu tdbao gom nhflng ye'u to' quan sat dfldc va nhflng yeu to chfla quan sat dflde. Cac yeu td anh hfldng den thu hut dau tfl eiia doanh nghiep vfio KCN qua ket qua phan tich gdm hai nhan to

"Chinh sach thu hut vfi dieu kien ed sd vfit chfi't KCN' vfi "Vi tri vfi cfic yeu to' diu vao eiia KCN'. Trong hai nhfin to chung tren tW

"Vi tri, dia diem thfinh lap KCN thufin ldi cho san xufi't kinh doanh" lfi nhan td quyet dinh cao nhfi't, thfl hai lfi "Ngudn nguyen lieu on dinh cho san xua't" va "Chinh sach thu hut diu tfl" anh hfldng Idn nhfi't dS'n thu hut diu tfl cua cfic doanh nghiep vfio KCN Can Thd trong thdi gian qua.

2.2. Doi vdi doanh nghiep ngoai KCN Tfldng tfl nhfl vi6c do Ifldng mflc dp quan trpng cfic ygii td anh hfldng den thu hut diu

72 Nahidn aiu Kinh t^<:if4i9. Th^w.^ 9/2012

Phan tich cdc yiu Id'.

M cua cac doanh nghiSp da dau tU vho KCN, do quan trong cua cac yeu to anh hudng den tac gia sil dyng mo hinh p h a n tich n h a n to va dSu t u ciia cac doanh nghiep ngoai KCN quy tide bien til N l den N6 de do ludng mile (khong d i u tU vao KCN),

BANG 4: M a t r a n t i t d n g q u a n giiifa c a c b i e n N l - N6 Bien

Nl - Vi tri hien tai

N2 - Thuc/mua mM hiiiig ngoiii iiri htm N3 - Chfnh sich uu dai it h;ip diiu N4 - Chi phi xii ly nu6c thiii KCN cao N5 - Nguyen lieu [t 6n djnh N6 - Quy mO do.inh nghifip

Nl LOOO 0.059 0.110 0,016 0,523 0.017

N2 .059 1.000 0.565

•0.179 0.089 0.116

N3 0.110 0,565 1,000 0,006 0,223 0,137

N4 0,016 -0,179 0,006 1.000 0.089 0.271

N5 0,523 0,089 0,223 0,089 1,000 0,173

N6 0,017 0,116 0,137 0,271 0,173 1,000 Ngudn: K&\ qua xir iy bang phdn m^m SPSS lir s6 Ii6u di^u Ira nam 2010.

Ma trfin tfldng q u a n gifla 6 bien, bi^u hien danh gifi ciia cac doanh nghiep ve mflc (16 quan trpng eua cfic bien. Theo ket qua d bang 4 thi efie bien N l (Vi t r i hien tai thufin ldi cho san xua't k i n h doanh hdn trong KCN), N5 (Nguyen lieu d i u vfio trong KCN it on dinh) co tfldng q u a n khfi cao.

Chung t a ky vpng rfing eac bien nfiy ed tiiflng quan vdi mot n h a n to' vfi t a dfit n h a n t6'chung cho h a i bien nfiy la F l . Cfic bien N2 (Thue/mua m a t bfing ngofii KCN eo ldi hdn), N3 (Chinh sfich flu dfii d i u tfl vao KCN it hfi'p dfin) co tfldng q u a n vdi mot h a y nhieu nhan t d vfi dfit n h a n t d c h u n g cho 2 bi^n nay lfi F2. Tfldng tfl, cac bien N4 (Chi phi xit ly nflde t h a i t r o n g KCN cao), N6

(Quy mo cua doanh nghiep) eo tfldng q u a n vdi mpt h a y nhieu nhfin td vfi dfit n h a n t d e h u n g eho 2 bien nfiy lfi F 3 . De xac dinh cfic bien co tfldng q u a n nhfl t h e nfio, t a cung sfl d u n g kiem dinh B a r t l e t t de kiem dinh gia thuye't:

r HQ: Cfic bien khong co tfldng quan;

L Hi: Co tfldng q u a n gifla cfic bien.

Ket qua kiem dinh Bartlett c6 tri sd^ cua KMO = 0,508, vi vfiy gia thuydt Hg bi bfie bd, phfin tfch nhfin to'la phfl hdp.

Theo tieu chuan eigenvalue Idn hdn 1, co ba n h a n to' dflde r u t ra, vdi p h i n t r a m bien thien lfi 74,2% cho biet ba n h a n to' dau tien giai thich dflde 74,2% bien thien cua dfl li§u.

Tfl ke't qua p h a n tich, co m a trfin sau:

BANG 5: M a t r a n n h a n t o s a u k h i x o a y ( N l - N6)

N2 - TTiue/mua mat bang ngoai c6 ldi hem N3 - Chinh sdch uu d3i it hdp ddn Nl - Vi tri hien tai

N5 - Nguyen lieu it 6n dinh N4 - Chi phf xijr ly nudc thai KCN cao N6 - Quy m6 doanh nghiep

Nhdn to 1

0,893 0,845

— "

2

0,887 0,848

3

0,805 0,777 Ngudn. Ke't qua xuc 15' b l n g phSn m^m SPSS tit s6 lieu di6u tra nam 2010.

'^^'^nciiuKinhtdsd412- Thdng9/2012

73

Phdn tfch cAc yfi'u td'..

Ket qua d bang 5 chfla dflng efie bid^n da chuIn hoa. Nhflng he so' (factor loading) biSu dien tfldng quan ehfit gifla eae nhfin to' va cac bien vdi nhau. Nhfin to' 1 e6 moi tfldng quan cao vdi chi 2 liicn, N2 (Thuc/mua mfit bfing ngofii KCN CO ldi hdn), N3 (Chfnh sach flu dfii diu tfl vfio KCN H hfi'p dfin). Nhan td Fl cd the dflde dfii ton !;i "l/u dfii vi gifi dai it hfi'p dan"

Nhfin to 2 lien quan ehfit che lin Ifldt vdi Nl (Vi tri hipn t;u thufin Ipi cho san xufi't kinh doanh hdn trong KCN), N5 (Nguyen li^u diu vfio trong KCN it dn dinh). Nhan td F2 c6 th^' dfldc dfit ten lfi "Vi tri san xuat kinh doanh".

Nhan t d 3 lien quan chat che lin Iflpt vdi BANG 6: Ma t r a n he

N4 (Chi phi xiJt 1;^ nfldc thai trong KCN eao), N6 (Quy mo cua doanh nghiep). Nhan tdF3 e6 the dfldc dfit tSn lfi "Kha nfing tfii chinh ciia doanh nghiep".

DiS'm nhfin td d^ ket hdp eac bi^n chuIn hda dfldc trinh bfiy trong ma trfin he sd nhan td^, bang 3.6. Trong mo hinh c6 3 nhfin to' ehung F, Fg, F, vdi F, co hai bien lien quan lfi N2, N3; Fj c6 hai bien cd lien quan la Nl, N5 vfi F^ c6 hai bi^n cd lien quan la bien N4, N6. Cu the fldc Ifldng diem nhan td cua hai nhan toF,, Fj-vfi Fg nhfl sau:

F; = 0,564N2 + 0.518N3 F.J = 0.605N1 + 0.549N5 Fj = 0,625N4 + 0,600N6 so nhan to (Nl - N6)

N1 - Vl tri hian lai

N2 - Thue/mua mat bang ngoai cd Icfi hon N3 - Chi'nh sach uu dai it hap d i n N4 - Chi phi xCr ly nu6c thai KCN cao N5 - Nguyen lieu it 6n dinh N6 - Quy m6 doanh nghiep

Nhan to 1

-0,081 0,564 0,518 -0,143 -0.001 0.133

2 0.605 -0.079 0.004 -0.011 0.549

•0.059 3 -0.122

•0.076 0.062 0.625 0.059 0.600 Ngudn: KSt qua xir ly bang ph^n mem SPSS lii stf Ii6u dieu tra nam 2010.

Nhfin td F] cd he so' diem lfi 0,564 (Thue/mua mat bfing ngofii KCN e6 ldi hdn) cao nhfi't vfi anh hfldng Idn nhfi't den nhan td chung; nhfin td Fj co he sd diem lfi 0,605 (Vi tri hien tai thufin ldi cho san xufi't kinh doanh hdn trong KCN) cao nhfi't vfi anh hfldng Idn nhfi't den nhan to' chung; nhan td F3 CO he sd diem lfi 0,625 (Chi phi xii ly nfldc thai trong KCN eao) cao nhfi't vfi anh hfldng 16n nhfi't den nhfin to'chung.

Qua ket qua phan tich d tren cho thfi'y, dau tfl cua cfic doanh nghiep ngofii KCN Cin Thd chiu anh hfldng cua nhflng yeu to' quan sat dflde vfi nhflng ye'u to chfla quan sfit dfldc. Cfic ye'u td anh hfldng d§'n thu hut diu tfl cua doanh nghiep ngofii KCN

qua ke't qua phan tich gdm ba nhan to lfi

"iJu dfii ve gia dfi't it hfi'p dfin", "Vi tri san xufi't kinh doanh" vfi "Kha nfing tai chinh cua doanh nghiep".

Trong cac nhfin td tren "Chi phi xfl ly nfldc thai trong KCN cao" la nhan td quyet dinh cao nhfi't, thfl hai la "Vi tri hien tai thufin ldi eho san xufi't kinh doanh hdn trong KCN" vfi ke den lfi "Thue/mua mfit bfing ngofii KCN co ldi hdn" anh hfldng Idn den thu hiit diu tfl cua cfic doanh nghiep ngofii KCN Cin Thd trong thdi gian qua.

3. Mot so giai phap thu hut dau tvt vao KCN Can Thtf

3.1. Nhom gidi phdp cdi thien moi triidng ddu tu kinh doanh

74 Nnhidn r.i'/ii Kinh t£t!/(AiO . T » , . < „ .

Phdn ticti cdc yfi'u to

- vi cdi each thu tiic hanh chinh: tiep tue ra soat, xem xet giam bdt thii tuc hfinh chinh, riit ngfin thdi gian dfing ky d i u tfl cho doanh nghiep, tao s\i hfi'p dfin, t h u h u t Ah tfl.

Ban hank cdc chinh sdch itu ddi, khuyen khich ddu tit: mfic du, cae quy dinh ve liu dfii d i u tfl trin dia bfin thfinh pho dfi dUdc bfii bd, nhflng cac doanh nghiep vfin danh gifi eao n h a n to' nay vfi hy vpng trong thcJi gian tdi t h a n h pho se c6 nhflng flu dfii cho doanh nghiep trong KCN.

Thfinh p h d e i n b a n hfinh cfic quy dinh ve Uu dfii d i u tfl rieng, p h u hdp thfle te vfi eo tinh kha thi eao, phfl hdp ehinh sfich flu dfii khuyen khich d i u tfl cua Chinh p h u ve thdi gian miln giam tien sii d u n g dfi't, tien t h u e dat tho; CO chinh sfich hd trd d i u tfl xfiy dung cd sd h a t i n g KCN, de gia cho t h u e lai dat cua eong ty kinh doanh h a t i n g thfi'p, hap dfin dflde nhfi d i u tfl; e I n xay dflng chinh sfich giai toa den bu thoa dfing de viec xay dflng cd sd h a t a n g hofin thfinh n h a n h chong, chii dpng tao r a quy dfi't sach de t h u hiit dau tfl.

3.2. Gidi phdp ve cong tdc quy hoach KCN

• Cac KCN nfim xa k h u do t h i vfi cang, v6i tinh chfi't boat dpng la t a n d u n g ngudn lao dpng vfi thd" m a n h t a i chd eua dia phUdng, phu hdp vdi t i n h chfi't cong nghiep nang.

• Tien hfinh rfi sofit, bd s u n g quy hoach doi vdi eae KCN hien hflu dap flng cac n h u cau cua nhfi d a u tfl t r o n g vfi ngofii nfldc, p h u bflp vi3i tinh h i n h p h a t t r i e n cua ndn k i n h te va xu the hpi nhfip k i n h t d quoc te.

- Quy hoach KCN c i n q u a n t a m dien tich cay xanh dam bao yeu t d cfin bfing vi k h i

¥ " - dap flng theo quy c h u I n xay diing. De ttam bao m6i trfldng song vfi sfl phfit trien ben vflng eho cfic KCN, c i n nghien cflu quy S c h KCN theo mo h i n h KCN sinh thai, ,tay con goi Ifi KCN x a n h .

3.3. Gidi phdp phdt trien ngudn nguyen

^ieu ddu vdo cho cdc KCN

- Mdi d o a n h nghiep hoat dpng che bien can gfin k e t vdi mot vflng nguyen lieu, di on d i n h d i u ra cho nong dfin vfi d a u vfio cho d o a n h n g h i e p , khfic phiic t i n h t r a n g khiing h o a n g thfla vfi thieu, gifi ca khong dn d i n h gfiy t h i e t hai eho ea doanh nghiep Ifin n o n g d a n . Cac doanh nghidp e I n dau tfl kho bao q u a n , dfl trfl nguyen lieu de chu dpng ngudn nguyen lieu che bien.

C i n hfldng dfin nong d a n trong viee chpn gidng, ap d u n g cfic tidn bp ky thufit t r o n g t h a m canh, cham soc efiy trdng, vfit nuoi, ky t h u a t t h u hoach, bao q u a n vfi vfin c h u y e n s a u t h u hoach de tao nguon n g u y e n lieu sach cho eong nghiep che bien.

• P h a t t r i ^ n d i u tfl k i n h doanh dich vu cung flng nguyen, p h u lieu dat tieu c h u a n chfi't Ifldng cho cae KCN mpt each dn dinh.

3.4. Nhom gidi phdp on dinh vd phdt trien nguon nhdn luc cho KCN - Ddo tqo cung ang nguon nhdn lac:

+ N a n g cao c h a t Ifldng va so' Ifldng dfio t a o di doi v6i viec lien ket, t h u h u t dpi ngii giang vien co chuyen mon cao; eae gifio vien trflc tiep giang day dfie biet phai gidi ca k h a u thfle hfinh t r e n mfiy moc va thidt hi. Co c h i n h sfich flu dai ve che dp tien Ifldng, t h u nhfip, t h u e t h u nhfip, n h a d,...

de t h u htit lao dpng, giao vien day n g h e vfio lfim viee cho cac t r u n g tfim dfio tao t a i cfic KCN.

+ Nfing cfi'p t h i e t hi day hpc, t h i e t bi thfle t a p , phong t h i nghiem, xfldng trfldng theo hfldng cap nhfit t r i n h dp hien d a i eiia t h e gidi; hpc di doi vdi thtic hfinh de cong nhfin r a trfldng c6 t a y nghd vflng vfing.

+ Thfldng xuyen k h a o sfit n h u cau t u y e n d u n g ciia d o a n h nghiep de d i l u chinh noi d u n g , ngfinh nghi can dfio tao p h u hdp vdi thfle te. Nghien cflu thfinh lfip eac Trfldng dfio tao, t r u n g tfim day n g h e r i e n g cho cac KCN, nhfim dfio tao lao dpng dfip flng n h u eau cua cae d o a n h n g h i e p t r o n g KCN.

- On dinh eho d cho ngfldi lao dpng: vi§c xay dflng nhfi d eho eong nhfin can co sfl

' ^ ' ^ cOu Knh tSs6412 - Thdng 9/2012 7 5

Plidn tich cdc ydu td

phdi hdp gu(a Ban quan \^ KCX vfi KCN, cong ty kinh doanh ha ting vfi cac doanh nghiep trong cfic KCN. Doanh nghiop phai tham gia mpt ty le vdn nhfi't dinh vfio vipc diu tfl nhfi d cho ngfldi lao dpng vfi cAn c6 sfl can thiep ciia UBND thfinh pho vfio enng tac d^'n bu giai ph6ng mfit liaiig vfi sfl phdi hdp gifla cfic ngfinh, eae caii. e6 che tfii xit ly cfic ben tham gia thfle hipn cong tae nfiy. Thfinh phd can c6 ehinh sach flu dfii rifing do khuye'n khich c nc thfinh phfin kinh td tham gia diu tir nhfi d eho thue, nhfi't lfi ciu- ca nhan, ddn vi xay dflng nhfi d eho cong nhan KCN thue vdi gifi thfi'p.

3.5. Bdo re mdi trudng

- Phfin khu ehfle nfing hdp ly trong eac KCN theo tflng nhom linh vflc, ngfinh nghe de dam bao tinh toi flu ve mfit tfldng tac lan nhau cung nhfl giam thieu nhflng tac dpng xfi'u den moi trfldng xung quanh.

Sdm hofin thanh eong trinh he thd^ng thu gom xfl ly nfldc thai tap trung trong KCN, ddng thdi, xay dflng he thong thofit nfldc mfla.

- Doanh nghiep co' gfing diu tfl doi mdi cong nghe san xufi't d nhflng eong doan gay 6 nhilm (tieng on, bui, khoi, hofi chfi't, nfldc thai,...); xit ly chfi't thai trfldc khi thai ra moi trfldng phai dat tieu chuan eho ph6p.

- Thfldng xuyen quan trfie moi trfldng trong vfi ngoai KCN, theo doi dien bien chfi't Ifldng nfldc thai ra moi trfldng, kip thdi co nhiing bien phfip xit ly, khfic phuc; Lfip dfit he thd^ng quan trfic nfldc thai tfl dpng tai efie KCN de han che tinh trang len Iflt xa nflde thai 6 nhiem ra moi trfldng. Tfing cfldng kiem tra viec x^

ly chfi't thai cua cfic doanh nghiep trong vfi ngofii KCN vfi xfl ly nghiem cfic hfinh vi vi pham.

- D^y manh viec thfle hien chfldng trinh di ddi cfic cd sd cong nghiep nlim dan xen trong khu dfin cfl vfio eae KCN; ho trd doanh nghiep trong viee xit ly chfi't thai.

- Trong vi§c keu gpi diu tfl nen co sfl sfing Ipc, flu tien nhflng nhfi diu tfl c6 uy tin, eo

nfing lflc, dfic bipt lfi eo quy trinh c6ng ngh§

hipn dai de san xufi't sach hdn, vfla nang cao chfi't Iflpng san phfi'm vfla giam thieu cfic chfi't dpc hai thai ra moi trfldng.

3.6. Tdng cUdng ddu tU xdy dUng kit can hq tdng KCN

Tfip trung ngudn lflc, khIn trfldng xay dflng vfi hofin thfinh cd sd ha ting KCN Hflng Phu 1, Hflng Phfl 2A, Hflng Phu 2B theo quy hoach vfi nhanh ch6ng hofin thfinh cae quy hoaeh chi tiet cae KCN Thdt Not phfin k^ 2, KCN 6 Mon vfi KCN Bfie 6 Mon.

3.7. Tdng cUdng thu hdt von ddu tu nUdc ngoai

Xay dflng danh muc ngfinh nghe eIn thu hut ngudn vdn diu tfl vfio KCN, theo hfldng thu hut diu tfl c6 chpn Ipc cfic ngfinh nghe vfi dfl an diu tfl Idn vdi cong nghe tien tien; c6 chinh sach flu dfii dfie biet nhfl mien giam thue, Ifla chpn dia diim xay dflng thich hdp ddi vdi diu tfl nfldc ngoai cd eong nghe cao.

- Phat huy vai tro cua Trung tfim Xiic tien diu tfl - thfldng mai - du lich thfinh phd^, tien hfinh eong tfie xuc tien diu tfl c6 muc tieu. ed dia ehi cu the doi vdi eac quoc gia cd tiem nfing ve vo'n diu tfl va eong nghe.

- Dau tfl mdi nhfi hfing, khfich san dat tieu chuIn qudc te; nang cfi'p cac khfich san, nhfi hfing hi6n e6; khuye'n khich diu tfl trong linh vflc dieh vu giai tri dfinh eho ngfldi nfldc ngofii tren dia bfin Cin Thd.

4. Ke't luan

Ngfinh cong nghiep da dong vai tro quan trpng trong vi$c phat trien kinh te - xa hpi eua Cin Thd. Trong do, cac KCN eo ddng gdp Idn trong vi6c gia tang gifi tri san xufi't eong nghidp, gdp phin chuyen dieh ed efi'u kinh te eua thfinh pho' theo hfldng tfing din ty trpng khu vflc cQng nghiep - xfiy dflng.

Qua phan tich tinh hinh hoat dpng san xufi't kinh doanh vfi thfle trang moi trfldng diu tfl kinh doanh cua doanh nghidp vfio eac KCN Cin Thd cho tha'y, vige thu hiit diu tfl 76

Phdn tich cdc ydu td

vao cfic KCN trong nhflng nfim qua dfi dat difcic kit qua khfi tdt, gop phin phat trien kinh te xfi hpi cua thfinh pho. Ben canh nhflng ke't qua dat dfldc, vfin eon tdn tai mot sS'kho khan, han ehe; thu hut diu tfl vao KCN chfla nhieu, so' dfl an cd vo'n diu tfl ni(6c ngofii it, quy mo nhd ehfla tfldng xflng v6i tilm nang eua thfinh pho'; nfing lflc canh tranh ciia Cin Thd tuy da dfldc eai thien nhitng vfin eon nhflng mfit ban che; dpi ngu c6ng nhfin chfla co tay nghe eao, kha nfing thue lao dpng d cfic KCN lfi khong de dfing;

chua CO cfic khu nhfi d eho cong nhfin, lao d6ng cdn phai thue nhfi tro ben ngofii; cfic KCN chfla CO he tho'ng xii ly nfldc thai tfip trung lfim 6 nhiem moi trfldng d cac KCN trfkm trpng; cong tac bao ve moi trfldng ngoai KCN chfla dfldc quan tfim dung mflc;

y thiic bao ve moi trfldng eua cfic DN chfla cao, nhfi't lfi cfic doanh nghiep ngofii KCN; cd sfl ha tang ky thufit chfla phat trien ddng bp, thieu von, giai tda den bu cham, anh hfldng cfing tae thu hut diu tfl; nguyen lieu dau vao dap flng nhu clu san xufi't nhflng ehfla on dinh.

Qua ke't qua phfin tich efie ye'u to' anh hudng den thu hut diu tfl eiia doanh nghiep vao KCN Cin Thd, nhflng nhan to anh hudng den d i u tfl cua efie doanh nghiep

trong KCN la viee liia chpn vi tri, dia diem xay dflng efie KCN yeu td quye't dinh nhfi't, ke den ngudn nguyen lieu on dinh cho san xufi't vfi ehinh sach thu hut diu tfl. Doi vdi cfic doanh nghiep ngofii KCN cae ye'u to'anh hfldng Idn din quye't dinh khong diu tfl vfio KCN gdm ehi phi xfl 1^ nfldc thai trong KCN eao, vi tri hien tai thufin ldi cho san xufi't kinh doanh hdn trong KCN vfi thue/mua mfit bfing ngofii KCN co ldi hdn./.

TAI LifUTHAMKHAO

1. Ban quill ly cic KCX va KCN CSn Tho- Bdo cdo linh hinh hoal ddng ndm 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008, 2009 vd ndm 2010.

2. Cue Thdng k« thanh phtf Cin Tha: Nien gidm llid'ng ke thdnh phd Cdn Tlia ndm 2008 vd 2009.

3. TS. Le Van Huy (2007), Hudng ddn siedung SPSS lOig dung trong nghien cdu Marketing, Dai hoc Kinh te Du Ndng.

4. Phan Tufin Giang (2010), Dinh hudng chinh de phdi tnen khu cdng nghiep, Trang thong tin Khu c6ng nghiep Viet Nam.

5. Trfin Thanh Man (2009), Phdt trien cdng nghiep cua thdnh phd Cdn Tha den ndm 2020.

6. Phan Tien Ngoc (10-2006), Vai trd cua KCN.

KCX vdi phdt trien kinh te Viet Nam, Tap chf Nghien ciJuKinhtese'341.

'^^ cdu Kinh tesd 412-Thdng 9/2012 77