Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den
nang suat cua lao dong tri/c tiep tai Cong ty TNHH San xuat
va Thu'tfng mai Thien Phirdrc
D 6 HCifU TRCTdrfG H O A N G T R Q N G HIEU"
AO THU HOAl"
T o m tit
Nghien ciiu ddnh gid cdc nhdn to'dnh hudng den ndng sudt (NS) cua lao dgng true tiip tai Cong ty TNHH Sdn xudt vd Thuang mai Thiin Phudc. Kit qud nghiin cdu cho thdy, chi cd 4 nhdn td cd dnh hudng di'n NS cda lao dgng true lii'p tai Cong ty, gdm: Bdn thdn; Dieu kien; Moi trudng; To chdc. Trong dd, nhdn to Bdn thdn lao ddng true tie'p cd y nghia quan trong nhdt ddi vdi NS cua lao dgng. Sau khi kiem dinh vd cho ra kit qud nghiin cdu, nhdm tdc gid di xudt mot sdhdm y qudn tri nhdm ndng cao NS cua lao dgng trUc tiip tai Cdng ty thdi gian tdi.
TU khoa: cdc nhdn tddnh hudng, ndng sudt lao ddng, tao dgng trite tiip, Cdng ty TNHH Sdn xudt va Thuang mai Thiin Phudc
Summary
This research evaluates determinants of direct employees' productivity at Thien Phuoc Manufacturing and Trading Co., Ltd. The outcome only reveals four determinants, which are Personal factor; Condition; Environment; Organization. In particular. Personal factor creates the largest impact on productivity. From those findings, the authors propose some administrative implications to improve direct employees' productivity at the Company in the coming time.
Keywords: determinants, labor productivity, direct employees, Thien Phuoc Manufacturing and Trading Co., Ltd.
G\6\ THIEU c a sd LY THUYET VA PHUtfNC PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
C6ng ty TNHH San xuat va Thifdng mai Thien
Phudc dUdc thanh ISp vao nam 2002, de'n nay da cd Ctf sd ly thuyd't
mdt vi tri noi bat trong ITnh w\ic det Iifdi. Dong san NS cua lao d6ng trUc tie'p la mpt trong pham chinh cua Cong ty, danh cho ca thi trtfcJng noi nhilng nhan to hang dau cho khd nang dia va xua't khau, la 3 loai san pham chinh: Lu'dt miing; canh tranh ciia tS chiJc va dieu nay mpl Lu"di Ian; Ltfdi ca. Cd sd nha may cua Cong ty du'dc dat phan dSn d^n su" gia tang nghien ciJu ve tai 16 B8, B9 cum c6ng nghiSp Nhi Xuan huyen Hoc each cai thiSn nd (Bankert. Coberley, Mon, TP. H 6 Chi Minh. Pope vS Wells, 2015).
Trong thdi gian qua, d^ dap iJng yeu cau cua thi Cac nghidn ciJii trong linh v\lc nay tn/dng, Cong ty da siJdung dong thdi ca quy trinh cong cd xu hu'dng nhS'n manh vao viec thiet nghe cu va c6ng nghe mdi trong hoat dong san xuS't. lap cac nhan td' anh hu'dng den NS cua De CO the nang cao hieu suat hoat ddng cua Cdng ty, lao dong tuic tie'p va lam the n^o de nd nhdm tac gia nghien cifu cac nhan to' anh hi/dng den du'dc su" dung trong vi^c cai thien nSng nang sua't cua lao dpng triTc tid'p lai day, tiif dd de xuat suat lao dpng (NSLD). Mpt so' nhan to' cac giai phap can thid't. nay bao gom: cdc thiet kecdng vide day
" Cong ty TMHH San xuat va Thu'dng m?i Thien PhUdc
" T S . , Tru'dng D?i hpc Tai chinh - Marketing
Ngdy rih^n t>di- 24/04/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 14/05/2020: Ngdy duyet ddng: 26/05/2020
thach thiJc, dpng li/c, dao tao va phat trien, khuye'n khich, khen thu'dng, tien lu'dng, tien thu'dng, thang tien va sU phii hdp cua van hda t6 ch^c giffa cdc nhdn td' khac (Gilfedder, 2014).
Theo Osibanjo va cong sijf (2014), thiet kS' nhieu cdng viec day thach thiJc cd xu hu'dng mangjai cho lao ddng triTc ti6p dpng life de cd the dat difdc cac mue tieu cd the dat difdc. Thiet ke cdng vide nhif vay thuc day lao ddng trifc tie'p lam vi6c td't nhat, do dd tan dung thdi gian va ngudn lye cua hd mdt each td'i u\i. Ddo tao va phat trien truyen dat cho lao dgng trifc tiep nhiftig ky nang, ma ho c^n cd de thifc hien hieu quS nhiem vu va trach nhiem cua minh (Afshan, Chakrabarti vh Balaji, 2014).
Trong tnfdng hdp khdng cd ky nang nhif vay, ngay ca nhifng lao dpng trifc tie'p cd ddng life cao cung khdng cd the thtfc hidn mi?c NS mong mud'n. Dilu nay bidn minh cho ly do tai sao cdc td chiJc dau tif dang ke vao vide dao tao lao ddng tnfc tid'p cua hp. Mu'c dd trao quy^n trong vide ra quyd't dinh cung gitip cai thien mu'c NS ma lao ddng trifc tid'p cam tha'y cd trdch nhiem ca nhdn dd'i vdi nhffng thanh tifu dat difdc trong cdc ITnh vUc lu'dng ffng ciia ho (Tudu, 2015).
Vide sff dung cac phIn thu'dng vat chd't, nhif: sff dung tien thifdng, cung ca'p mffc Iffdng hap ddn trong sd' nhffng ngffdi khdc giiip thuc dd'y lao ddng trffc tie'p lam vide cham chi hdn va tang san Iffdng cua hp trong td' chffc (Onishi, 2013). Tuy nhien, kha nang ciia td' chffc de dp dung cdc dai ngd nay cd the bi gidi han bdi so' Iffdng tai nguydn theo y cua to chffc.
Md hinh nghidn citu
Tren md hinh cua Nabil Ailabouni, Kassim Gidado vd Noel Painting (2009) va tinh chu quan cua nhdm tac gia khi cho rang, bid'n Chinh sach td' chffc va Tao ddng life la nhff nhau, ndn gdp lai thanh bie'n To chffc lao ddng. Md hinh nghien cffu dffdc nhdm tdc gia de xua't nhff Hinh.
Nhff vdy, md hinh nghien cffu ciia nhdm tdc gia di xud't gdm mpt bid'n phu thudc la NS ciia lao ddng trffc tid'p va 3 bien ddc Idp Id: Ban than ngffdi lao ddng;
Td' chffc lao ddng; Dieu kien lao ddng.
Tff md hlnh nghien cffu da ttlnh bay, cdc gid thuyd't nghien cffu dffdc dat ra, nhff sau:
HI: Ban than ngffdi lao dpng anh hffdng tich cffc de'n NS ciia lao ddng trffc tie'p. ^
H2: To' chffc cdng viec cd anh hffdng tich cffc de'n NS ciia lao ddng trffc tie'p.
HlMH: MO HINH DE XGAT NGHIEN C d U C A C NHAN TO A N H HC/CfNG DEN N S C U A LAO D O N G T R ^ C TIEP
I g i i i i n D e x u a ! CLU nnr,r
B A N G 1: KET Q d A P H A M T I C H E F A C A C BIEN DOC L ^ P LAN 2
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
!4 15 16 17 18 19
Bi&'n q u a n s&t
Bi^u kifen 5 Dieu kign 1 To chCc 6 To chiJc 7 Di^u kifen 2 Dieu kifen 6 To chiic 5 T6 chiJc 3 To chtfc 4 To Chile 2 Bdn than 4 Ban th3n 5 Ban than 6 Ban than 3 Dieu kien 3 Dieu kien 4 T6 chiJc 8 Ban than t Ban thSn 2 Eigenvalues Phuong sai Inch Cronbach's Alpha
H@sd'dinh§ntd' 1
0.979 0.782 0.760 0.690 0.648 0.637 0.570
7.620 40.107 0.S66
2
0.829 0.796 0.762
1.891 50.058 0.839
3
0 789 0.782 0.625 0.608
1.776 59.404 0.790
4
0.755 0 673 0 655
1.224 65.846 0-866
5
0.813 0.635 1.061 71430 0.790 Mguon Ket qud phan I K I I
H3: Dieu kien lao dpng cd anh hffdng tich cffc de'n NS cua lao ddng trffc tie'p.
Phfftfng phap nghien cihi
Nghien cffu dffdc thffc hien thdng qua hai giai doan la: nghien cffu sd bd vd nghien cihi chinh thffc.
Nghien cffu chinh thffc dffdc thffc hidn bang phffdng phap dinh Iffdng thdng qua viec khao sdt dffa tren bang cau hdi dffdc thie't kd'san gul de'n 240 lao ddng trifc tie'p dang lam vide tai Cdng ly TNHH San xua't va Thffdng
25
BANG 2: KIEM DjNH KMO VA BARTLETT'S TEST I H H K I KMO and BarUett's Test " ^ . ' < ^ . f Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Sartletl's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df
Stg.
0.785 347.914 6 0.000
BANG 3: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO BIEN PHg THUQC (NSLD)
fexT
1
k ^ H 3
H '^
BiS'n quan sit Danhgial Danhgia4 Danhgia2 Danhgia3
^^n'alues Hra^ff sai trieh
^Kbach's Alph a
He so tai nhan t^ {
. ^ i ^ ^ H
0.865 0.838 0.837 0.702 2.643 66 080 0.818 Mguon: Ket qua phan tich diir lieu khao sat cua nhom tac gia A N G 4: BANG TOM T A T CAC NHOM NHAN TO SAG PHAN TICH EFA
2if
3 4 ,
TT 6l
Nhanttf MT TC BT DK KN NSLD
C^c biHii quan sat DKl, DK2, DK5, DK6, TC5, TC6. TC7 (7 bien) TC2,TC3,TC4 (3 bien)
BT3, BT4, BT5. BT6 (4 bi^n) DDK3, DDK4. TC8 (3 bien) BTl,BT2(2bien) DGl, DG2, DG3, DG4 (4 bien)
Lofi Doc l^p Doc lap Doc lap D6c tap Doc lap Phu thuoc
^ I B < $ lifdng bien quan sat doc lap: 19 I^BI^Iif^ng bien quan sat phu thuOc 4
Ngu6r: Tong h(?p cua nhom tac gia BANG 5: M 6 HINH TOM TAT SCf DUNG PHt/ONG PHAP ENTER
Pltoll
1
R I R ' J R ' d i l u chinh 1 Sai sflTchu&i cua trdcltf0hg|Diir1iin-Watson 752'|o.565[ O.555I 0.40164| 2.134
!a. Predictors: (Constant), KN. BK. BT. TC, MT b. Dependent Variable: NS
Mgufln: Ket qua phan tich dilf iieu khao sat cua nhom tac gia mai Thidn Phffdc. So phie'u hdp le dat yeu cau la 228.
Nghidn cffu dffdc thffc hien tff thdng 08/2019 dd'n thdng 02/2020.
Sau khi thu thdp xong dff lidu, nhdm tac gia tie'n hdnh phan tich dff li^u vdi phan mem SPSS 23 de kiem dinh dd tin cay cua thang dd; phan tich nhan Id' kham phd (EFA); phdn tich tffdng quan va hdi quy; kiem dinh T-test vd ANOVA (Bdi vie't iu" dung cdch viet sd thap phdn theo chudn qudc te).
K^T QUA N G H | £ N CLfU
D$ tin c|iy thang do
K^t qua kiem dinh cho tha'y, he so tffdng quan bi^n tdng ciia cac bi^n quan sdt deu Idn hdn 0.3. Bdn canh dd, ta't ca cdc he sd'Cronbach's Alpha deu cao hdn 0.6. Kd't qua trdn da ddp ihig dffdc yeu cau cho vide ddnh gid mdt thang do cd dd tin cdy va cd the tiep tuc dffa vdo phan tich EFA.
PhSn tich EFA
Phdn tich EFA cdc bien dgc Iqp Kd't qua EFA Ian 1 cho tha'y, cd 5 nhan td' dffdc nit ra va 5 nhan td ndy giai thich dffdc 70.390% (> 50%) dd bid'n thidn cua dif lieu, chiftig td phdn tich EFA Id phii hdp. Vdi gid tri hd s6 tai nhan to (Factor loading) ciaa cdc bien quan sdt, trff bien TCI, dIu Idn hdn 0.5 cho th^y, cd sff tffdng quan cao giffa cac bid'n quan sdt vdi cdc nhan td. Bi^n TCI bi loai do cd he sdtai nhd hdn 0.5. Sau khi loai bid'n TCI khdng dat yeu cau, ta thffc hidn phdn tich EFA Ian 2 cho cdc bid'n cdn lai.
Sau phan tich EFA Ian 2, nhdm t^c gia giff lai dffdc 19 bien quan sat (Bang 1). Ddng thdi, kiem dinh Baitlett's cho tha'y, giffa cdc bid'n trong tong the c6 mdi quan hd tffdng quan vdi nhau (Sig.
= 0.000 < 0.05), vdi he so KMO = 0.801 (0.5 < KMO < 1.0), chffng td phdn U'ch EFA cho vide nhdm cdc bid'n quan sdt nay lai vdi nhau Id phii hdp.
Phdn tich EFA bidn ph^ thuQc NS cda lao dgng tr^c tiep
Bang 2 cho tha'y, kiem dinh KMO la 0.785 > 0.5 vd Sig. cua ki^m dinh Bartlett's = 0.000 < 0.05. Nhff vdy, giiJa cdc bid'n quan sdt cd mdi quan he du Idn cin cho vide phan tich EFA.
Cdc nhdn td' nit ra cd he so tdi nhan td'dlu Idn hdn 0.5. He sd tai nhan tddeu cao, cdc bid'n trong cOng mdt nhdm deu thffc sff tai manh trdn nhan td, ma nd do Iffdng, nhd nhd't Id 0.702. Do dd, khdng cd yeu td' thanh ph^n nao bi bd di.
Bdng 3 cho thd'y, tong phffdng sai trich dffdc la 66.080 > 50%, chffng td phan gidi thich dffdc cao. Ket qua ciing chd thay, cd dffdc mdt nhdn td^ dffdc rtit ra vd Eigenvalue = 2.643 > 1, ndn khdng cd sff tdch ra hay dich chuyen cua cdc nhan td', do dd khdng cd sff thay doi ve so' nhdn td.
Sau khi thffc hidn phdn tich EFA, cd the tdm Iffdc nhdm cua cac nhan to" theo Bdng 4.
26
Phan tich h6i quy
Trong md hlnh hdi quy, bid'n phu thuoc la "NSLD". Gid tri cua cdc y^u to dffdc dung de' chay hoi quy la gia tri trung binh cua cdc bid'n quan sdt. Md hinh dffdc vid't nhff sau:
NSLD =fi. + fi, *MT + B, ''TC + B, *BT + ^/DK + ^^'^KN
Trong dd:
MT: Mdi trffdng lam viec;
TC: To chffc ndi lam vide;
BT: Bdn than lao dong trffc tid'p;
BK: Dieu kien lam vide;
KN: Kinh nghiem cua lao ddng trffc tie'p;
P^: Hang sd';
^: Cac hd sd'hdi quy (i>0).
Ddnh gid sUphu hpp cm mo hinh ha quy Bang 5 cho thay, hd sd' xdc dmh R^
dieu chinh cua md hinh nay Id 55.5%, th^ hidn 5 bie'n dpc lap trong md hinh dnh hffdng de'n 55.5% sff bid'n thidn cija bid'n phu thuoc. Vdi gia tri ndy, thi dp phu hdp cua md hinh la chd'p nhdn dffdc.
Kiem dinh dg phu hdp cua md hinh Kd't qua nghien cffu cho thd'y, gid tri Sig. cua 5 nhan to'la: (1) To chffc ndi lam viec; (2) Ban than lad ddng trffc tid'p; (3) Mdi trffdng lam vide; (4) Dieu kien lam vide; (5) Kinh nghidm cua lao ddng trffc tid'p deu < 0.05, nghTa la hdi quy khdng cd nhdn td' ndo bi loai bo.
Kiem tra da c^ng tirfen va tUtiAtng quan Kd't qua phan tich hdi quy sff dung phffdng phap Enter cho tha'y, he sd'phdng dai phffdng sai VIF nho hdn 2 va dd chd'p nhdn cua bie'n (Tolerance) Idn hdn 0.1, ndn md hinh khdng bi da cdng tuyd'n.
Xem xdt ma tran he sd tffdng quan cho thd'y, Sig. giffa tffng bie'n ddc lap vdi bie'n phu thudc deu nhd hdn 0.05. Nhff vdy, cd md'i lidn he tuyd'n tinh giffa cdc bid'n ddc lap vdi bie'n phu thudc.
Xet ve he sd' tffdng quan Pearsdn giffa NSLD va cdc bid'n dpc lap tffdng dd'i cad (thd'p nha't cung Id 0.318).
Trong dd, nhdn td' Ban than ngffdi lao ddng tffdng quan manh nha't dd'n NSLD (0.652); Ke' de'n la Dilu kien 1dm vide (0.522); Tie'p thed Id Td' chffc ndi lam vide (0.326); Kinh nghiem cua lad ddng trffc tie'p Id (0.324); vd cud'i ciing Id Mdi trrfdng lam vide Id (0.318). Do dd, cd the ke't luan cdc bid'n ddc lap nay cd thd dffa vdo md hinh hdi quy de' gidi thich cho sff thay dd'i cua bid'n phu thudc la NSLE) tai Cdng ty TNHH San xud't va Thffdng mai Thien Phffdc.
BANG 6
(Hang so) MT TC BT DK KN
KET QUA PHAN TiCH H 6 I QUY TdYEN TINH DA BEEN H$ sfi* chifa chu^n hoa
B 0.639 -0.147 -0 100 0 609 0 405 0010
D$ lech chuln 0.206 0-041 0.046 0.053 0.048 0.036
H $ s o c h u ^ h t i s
^Mn^^
-0.218 -0,128 0.640 0.487 0.014
t
3.103 -3.586 -2.166 11.470 8.423 0.271
Sig.
0002 0.000 0.031 0.000 0.000 0.786 Bien phu thuoc NSLD
Mgu. I Ket qua phan tich dCr lieu khao
Ket qud phdn tich hoi guy
Phdn tich hdi quy cho tha'y, ca 5 nhdn td': Mdi hu'dng 1dm viec; T6 chffc ndi 1dm viec; Ban thdn lad ddng trffc ti^p; Dieu kien lao ddng cua lao ddng trffc tie'p; NSLD cd he s^ Sig. < 0.05 (Bang 6).
KiSm dinh t trong phan tfch he sd'hdi quy cho thdy, gia tri Sig. cua bid'n ddc lap KN = 0.786 > 0.05, ndn loai bie'n ndy ra khdi md hinh. Do dd, md hinh hoi quy cd dang:
NSLD = 0.639 + 0.640*Bdn thdn + 0.487'^Dieu kien - 0.218*Mdi trudng - 0.128*Tdchiic
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TRj
Kd't lu^n
Kd't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, chi cd 4 trong 5 nhan td'cua md hinh cd anh hffdng dd'n NS cua lao ddng trffc tid'p tai Cdng ty TNHH San xud't va Thffdng mai Thidn Phffdc, bao gdm: Ban than; Dieu kien; Mdi trffdng; To chffc. Trong do, nhan td' Bdn than lao dpng trffc tiep cd y nghia quan trpng nhd't dd'i vdi NSLD (cd he sd'Beta chud'n hda Idn nha't = 0.640). Thff hai la Di^u kien lam vide cd he sd'Beta chua'n hda = 0.487. Tid'p theo la Mdi trffdng lam vide cd he so Beta chuan hda = - 0.218.
Cud'i ciing la To chffc ndi lam vide cd he sd' Beta chuan hda thd'p nhd't = -0.128
Kd't qua nghien cffu da Idai 1 bid'n ddc lap, dd la nhan td' Kinh nghiem. Dieu nay chd thd^y rang, nhdn to' Kinh nghiem khdng cd anh hffdng tdi NS cua lao ddng trffc tie'p tai Cdng ty TNHH San xua't va Thffdng mai Thien Phffdc.
Ham y quan tri
Tren cd sd kd't qua nghidn cffu, nhdm tdc gia de xua't mdt sd' hdm y quan tri cho cdc nhd qudn tri Cdng ty TNHH San xud't vd Thffdng mai Thidn Phffdc trong viec nang cao NSLD, cu the nhff sau:
vi bdn thdn lao ddng. Nghien cffu cho thd'y, ddy la nhdn to' dnh hffdng manh nhd't dd'n NS cua lao ddng trffc tie'p. Do dd, Cdng ty can chii trpng nhdn td' ndy.
Theo dd, can cd nhflhg chd'dp. chinh sach phuc ldi, dai ngd cho lao ddng trffc tid'p, khid'n hp mud'n gan bd Idu ddi vdi Cdng ty.
27
Cdng ty cung ndn quan tam de'n che'dp dinh dffdng trong khau phan an cho lao ddng trffc tiep, khie'n hp cam thd'y dffdc quan tdm, tff do se yen tam san xua't cdng hie'n het minh cho Cdng ty.
Ve dieu kien tao dong. Day la nhdn td' Idn thff hai anh hffdng dd'n NS ciaa lad ddng trffc tiep. Vi vay, Cdng ty can tang cffdng dieu kien lad ddng, cu the: trang bi he thd'ng phdng chdy, chffa chdy kip thdi; he thdng dien, nffdc ludn cung cd^p day du. Cdng ty ndn mua day du bad hie'm xa hdi, bao hiem y te', bao hid'm 24h cho lao ddng trffc tie'p, nham giup hp yen tdm lam viec.
Ve mdi trUdng lao dong. Nghien ciiu cho tha'y, mdi trffdng lao ddng hien nay cua Cdng ty khdng nhffng chffa td't, ma cdn tdc ddng xau dd'n tam ly cua lao ddng trffc tid'p, lam anh hffdng tidu cffc dd'n NSLD. Vi thd', thdi gian tdi, Cdng ty phai trang bi bao hd lad ddng day du, an toan; dieu kien anh sang, tie'ng dn dam bdo; gid giS'c thich hdp; thu nhdp hdp ly; quan ly, giam sdt, ddnh gid cdng bang dd'i vdi ngffdi lao ddng.
Lao ddng trffc tiep trong Cdng ty can xdy dffng mdi quan he td't dep, tranh nhOlig mau thuan ca nhan anh hffdng tdi cdng vide. Day manh, phat trien, td chffc phong trao thi dua cdc phdng, ban, bd phdn, khuyd'n khich lao ddng trffc tie'p cd tff duy ddi mdi phffdng phdp lam viec.
Cdng ty can khen thffdng dffdi nhieu hinh thffc khdc nhau de khuye'n khich lad ddng trffc tie'p thay ddi tff
duy trong phffdng thffc lam viec, nham ddng vidn lad ddng trffc tie'p hdng hdi lam vide, tang NSLD.
Ve td chiic tao dgng. Ddy Id nhan td cd dnh hffdng khdng nhffng tha'p nhd't, md cdn dnh hffdng xd'u den tdm ly cua lad ddng trffc tiep vd cd anh hffdng tieu cffc de'n NSLD. Dilu dd chffng td rang, hien nay phffdng hffdng phdt tri^n cua Cdng ty chffa rd rang; chffa cd sff phdi hdp chat che giffa cdc phdng, ban, bd phdn; cdc quy dinh 6 cdc cdng doan trong sdn xud't chffa ro rang. Cdng ty chffa tao dieu kien cho lao ddng trffc tiep hpc tap, ren luyen, nang cao ky ndng, trinh dp chuydn mdn.
Vi the, thdi gian tdi, Cdng ty can khdc phuc nhffng han chd' trong cdng tdc nay.
Theo dd, cin phdn cdng nhidm vu mdt each ro rang, cu the' cho lao dpng trffc tiep d cac phdng, ban.
Bdn canh dd, Cdng ty cIn thffc hien cdc phffdng phdp dad tad trffc tie'p tai ndi lam viec, giiip ngffdi lao ddng hpc dffdc nhffng kid'n thffc, ky ndng chuydn mdn cdn thid't, tff dd tdng NSLD.Q
TAI L i t U THAM K H A O
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