Ting hcp BVTV 862/2012 2. Al-8akeiti M.A., Al-Subhl A.M., Al-8aady Seemuller E. 1995. Detection of the apple N.A. and Deadman M.L. 2005. First report of proliferation and pear decline phytoplasma by witches'-broom disease of sesame {Sesamum PCR amplification of ribosomal and non-.
indicum) in Oman. Plant Disease 89, 530. ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 85, 771 -776.
3. Deng 8. and Hiruki C. 1991. Amplification 7, Serkaya G., Martini M., Musetti R. and of 16S rRNA genes from culturable and Osier R. 2007. Detection and molecular nonculturable mollicutes. Journal of characterization of phytoplasmas infecting Microbiological Methods ^ A, 53-6^. sesame and solanaceous crops in Turkey.
4. Doyle J.J. & Doyle J.L, 1990. Isolation of Bulletin of Insectology 60,141-142.
plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12, 13-15. 8. Win N.K.K., Back CG. and Jung H.Y.
5. Khan M.S., Raj 8.K. and Snehi 8.K. 2007. 2010. Phyllody phytoplasma infecting sesame First report of "Candidatus phytoplasma asterl^' {Sesamum indicum) in Myanmar. Tropical Plant affecting sesame cultivation in India. Journal of Pathology35, 3^\0-3^3.
Plant Pathology 89, 301 -305.
6. Lorenz K.H, Schneider B., Ahrens U. and Phdn bifn : PGS.TS Ld Luang Tl
THU'C TRANG VA M^T S6 GlAl PH AP
T A N GCl/d^NG
C 6 N G T A C QUANLY THU6C
BAOve THyc VAT,
G 6 P PHAN D A M BAO AN T O A N V 6 SINHTHU'C
PHAM VA BAOve
M 6 |TRl/dTNG dr VlfT NAM
Nguyin Xudn Hing Cgc Bdo vf thgx; vft
Vdn d l v f sinh an todn thg-c phdm cd lidn BVTV vuct mu-c tii da cho phdp (Vift Nam quy quan chft che din thuic Bao v f thg-e vft djnh MRL theo tidu chuin Quic t l nhu cdc nude (BVTV), dfc bift la trdn rau, qud tuai Id vdn d l ndi trdn).
buc xuc, duce dfc bift quan tdm d hdu hit cdc Theo s i lifu mdi nhdt cua Vifn Tdi nguyen nude trdn t h l gidi. Vift Nam hifn dang d mue Thl gidi, khii lucng hogt chdt thuic BVTV su trung blnh trong khu vg-c. S i lifu gidm sdt du dgng trdn 1 ha gieo tring cOa cdc nude diln hinh lucng thuic BVTV d cdc nude tu 2005-2010 cho nhu sau: Phdp- 4,6 kg/ha/ndm; Hd Lan-9.4 kg;
thdy: tgi cac nude EU, tfnh trung blnh cua cdc Dan Mgch-1,4 kg; Uc-2,4kg; Pakistan-1,3kg; CH nude ndy, khodng 70% cdc miu rau qud tuai 8ec-1,8 kg; Thdi Lan-I.lkg; Bangladesh-0,4kg;
duce phdn tich cd chQ-a du lucng thuic BVTV 8enegal-0,2kg. Cy Vift Nam hifn nay udc tfnh vd 5-6% s i miu khdng an todn (cd du lucng blnh qudn hdng ndm su- dgng khodng 2,0kg hogt vuct mue tii da cho phdp >MRL), trong dd Phdp chdt thuic BVTV/ha gieo tring (s6 ll$u nay dang - tren 8%, Ao - trdn 10%, Thuy Oiln - trdn 4% rau dticc tidp tuc kidm tra), trong dd thuic tri> co qud khdng an todn. Rau, qud cua Thdi Lan xudt ehilm khodng 30%; thuic tn> sdu-40% va thuoc sang EU cd trdn 10% khdng an todn; Trung Quic trQ- bf nh-30%. Odng luu y Id ty If thuic trd co 5-14%; Malaysia 8-25%, thfm chf cd nci trdn ngdy cdng ehilm ty trpng Idn han. Nhu vfy, 30% tuy thufc vdo nci sdn xudt vd chung logi lucng hogt chdt thuic BVTV/ha d nude ta chua rau qua; Ndm 2008, mft dg- dn do Nauy tdi trc nhilu. Tuy nhidn, trdn tO-ng dii tucng cdy trlng tiln hanh d 8 nude khu vg-c Nam My cho thdy cd khdc nhau cd sg- ehdnh If ch Idn. Vdn d l mIt an 8,4 % rau qud tuai khdng an todn. Cac nude cd todn thg-c phlm thudng xdy ra khi khdng SLP rau qud duce coi Id an todn nhdt t h l gidi cdng dgng hcp ly. khdng theo nguydn tdc "4 dQng".
b i s i lifu cd khodng 2,5-3% rau qud khdng an Nguy ca mdt an todn thg-c phim cd lidn quan todn. Vift Nam hifn nay, trung blnh cd khodng 7- din sQ- dgng thuic BVTV d nude ta hifn nay tfp 8% s i lucng miu rau qud cd du lucng thuic trung chu ylu trdn rau, qua vd chd.
30
Ting hcp BVTV - 86 2/2012 Thuc trying cong tac quin iy thudc BVTV Nguyen nhin chO ydu din ddn tinh tr?ng Cdng tac quan ly thuic bao v f thg-c vft d nude rau qui khdng an toin
ta tu- lau ludn duce quan tam, cac vdn bdn quy + Su- dgng thuic ngodi danh mge duce phdp su- phgm phap lugt (VBQPPL) chfnh d Vift Nam cd dgng trdn rau, qud. Nhilu thuic chl duce phdp sQ- lidn quan din ITnh vgc qudn ly thuic BVTV gim: dgng trdn bdng, Igc, dfu tucng, ngd... vd khdng
+ Phdp If nh Bdo v f vd kilm djch thg-c vft s i dupe phdp sQ- dgng trdn rau vl df dOe cao, thdi gian 36/2001/PL-UBTVQH cdch ly ddi... nhung trong thg-c t l ndng ddn vln vi
+ Nghj djnh 58/2002/ND-CP ban hdnh Oilu If phgm, sQ- dgng cdc logi thuic ndy trdn rau, qud;
bao vf thg-c vft, kilm djch thg-c vft, thuic BVTV. + SO- dgng khdng tudn thu nguydn tic "4 + Nghj dinh 26/2003/ND-CP Quy djnh xu-phgtvi dung" nhu: Phun qud nhilu Idn, khdng dQng phgm hdnh chfnh trong finh vgc t>do v f vd KDTV ning df, dgng cg phun rdi chdt lucng kdm vQ-a
+Thdng tu 77/2009/TT-BNNPTNT Quy djnh lang phf thuic, vua khdng an todn cho cd ngudi v l kilm tra nhd nude chit lucng thuic BVTV. sdn xudt, ngudi tidu dung vd mdi trudng; Khdng
+ Quylt dinh 97/2008/QD-BNN Quy djnh vifc ddm bdo thdi gian cdch ly.
elp chQ-ng chi hanh nghi san xudt, gia cdng, + Chf dg-a vdo thuic hod hpe vl vQ-a rd, vQ-a sang ehai, ddng gdi, budn bdn thuic BVTV. thdy hifu qud tQc thl; khdng su dgng thuic sinh
+ Thdng tu 38/2010/TT-BNNPTNT Quy djnh hpe vd edc bifn phdp ting hcp d l hgn ehl djch hgi.
v l quan ly thuic BVTV. + SQ-e dp cua thuang ldi vd ngudi tidu dung Nhin chung, cac VBQPPL eua Vift Nam v l ludn tim mua vd trd gid cao han cho ode logi rau quan ly thuic BVTV khd ddy du, ea bdn hcp ly, qua hinh thQ-c dgp, khdng ed ddu hifu bj sau hgi.
dap Q-ng ydu clu cua cdng tac BVTV vd hai hod V l khaeh quan: Cdc vung tring rau cho cac vdi quy djnh cua cac nude trong khu vg-c. Thuic thdnh phi Idn dIu Id nhQ-ng vung chuyen canh BVTV da gdp phln quan trpng trong cdng tac trong rau lidn tgc quanh ndm, khdng cd chl df phdng tru va ngdn chdn kjp thdi cdc djch bfnh, ludn canh hcp ly, vl vfy dp Ig-e sau bfnh ludn d bao vf tit san xuit trong nhilu ndm qua. mQc cao, bufe ndng dan phai tiln hanh cac bifn
Vift Nam la mpt nude san xult ndng nghifp phap phdng tri> theo mft thdi quen sdn ed.
vung nhift ddi ndng i m , thfch hcp cho sinh NhOng tdn tai, bat cip chu ydu trong cdng tru-dng, phat triln cua cay tring nhung cung rdt tac quin ly thudc BVTV a Viet Nam Men nay thugn lei cho djch hgi phat sinh, phat triln. Dfc + Che tdi xu phat vi pham hanh chinh edn qua bift, d ding bang sdng Cu-u Long lua duce tring nhg, khdng du sQ-c rdn de.
quanh nam, nhieu nai tring 7 vg lua/ 02nam; Tgi + Chua cd quy djnh de logi cac thuic BVTV cac vung tring rau xanh cung cip cho cac thanh ra khdi danh mge duce phdp su dgng d Vift phi Idn phfa Nam, ndng dan tring va thu hogeh Nam mfe du cd rit nhieu thuic da lge hgu va khoang 14 vg rau lidn tilp trdn cung mft ruOng/ khdng ed chd dung, khdng ed mft tren thj nam (21 ngay/vg), vl vfy dp Ig-c djch hgi la rdt Idn. trudng. Hifn nay ehi khoang dudi 20% s i lucng Tuy nhien nhilu ndm gin day Vift Nam da thanh tdn thuic cd trong danh mge thuic duce phdp cdng trong Chuang trinh IPM, "3 giam, 3 tdng", su dgng d Vift Nam cd mft trdn thj trudng. Nhu vd" 1 phai, 5 giam", duce FAO, IRRI vd cac nu-dc vfy, "danh mge do" la rit nhilu.
danh gia cao. Hifn nay, nude ta da xudt khiu trdn + Chua ed quy djnh cdm hofc hgn chl dang 7 trifu tin ggo/ ndm va hiu nhu khdng ed nude ky hin hcp cua nhilu hogt chit thule, vl vfy xdy nao edy kiln g l v l d u lucng thuic BVTV trdn ggo ra tinh trgng s i lup-ng hogt chdt khdng nhieu, Vift Nam. Chi cd Nhdt Ban cd Idn cdnh bdo phdt nhung s i lucng hdn hcp cdc hogt chdt trong hifn hoat chdt Acetamiprid trdn ggo Vift Nam. Vift danh mge rdt nhilu so vdi cac nude. Chua ed Nam da khuyin cao khdng su- dgng thuic BVTV quy djnh rd rdng v l ca sd phap ly d l elm cac chua hoat chit Acetamiprid sau khi lua trd d l dap logi thuic dang duce su dgng nhung phat hifn Q-ng ydu cdu cua nude nhdp khiu nay. Chung ta thdy ed vln d l trong sdn xudt.
cQng xudt khau thufn M mpt s i qua tuai nhu + Quy djnh v l qudng cao, ghi nhan thuoc thanh long, vai, xoai, dua hdu, chdm chdm, chua chft chd. Cdng tdc tuydn truyin, nang cao nhan... sang nhilu nude, trong dd cd nhQ-ng nude nhfn thuc cho ngudi dan edn hgn chl, trong khi rit khd tfnh. cac doanh nghifp ed mft nguin Ig-c tilp thj thuic 31
Chl dgo sdn xudt BVTV 862/2012 BVTV rit mgnh vdi mge dfch bdn hdng tdng phdp gidm thilu su dgng hod chdt, Q-ng dgng doanh thu dudi nhilu hinh thdc khdc nhau d l rOng rai thuic sinh hpc, thg-c hdnh sdn xudt ndng khuyin edo ndng ddn mua vd sQ- dgng thuic k l nghifp tit (GAP),
cd khi khdng cIn thilt. 2. Cd chfnh sdch khuyin khfch thdnh Ifp vd + S i lucng cua hdng kinh doanh thuic BVTV phdt triln cdc ti/dfi chuydn Bdo v f thg-c vft d qud nhilu (khodng 28.000), nhd Id, rdt khd qudn tO-ng xa dd ldm djch vg BVTV cho ndng dan ly vd ty If vi phgm kinh doanh thuic BVTV cao. nhdm hgn chl s i ngudi tilp xuc vdi thuic BVTV, + Lg-c lucng thanh tra chuydn ngdnh v l thuic gidm su- dgng thuic, ndng cao chdt lucng vd BVTV rdt mdng; Chfnh quyIn dja phuang chua hifu qud dgng cg phun rdi, gidm thdt thodt thulc, quan tdm dung mue tdi cdng tdc qudn ly thuic thu gom duce bao bl vd bdo v f mdi trudng, mdc du trdch nhifm dd duce quy dinh trong cdc ding thdi qudn ly tit vifc su- dgng thuic BVTV.
vdn bdn luft vd thudng coi dd Id nhifm vg ridng 3. Hodn thifn cdc VBQPPL vdi chl tdi iJu cua ngdnh BVTV. mgnh, qudn ly chft vifc nhdp khdu, sdn xultkinh
+ T i chde cdng tdc bdo vf thg-c vft d dja doanh vd su- dgng thuic BVTV. Dfc bift, dn c6 phuang cdn nhilu bit cfp, hdu nhu tit cd cdc hf quy djnh chdt chd vd c h l tdi mgnh md Sk hgn ndng ddn dIu thg-e hifn cdng tdc ndy, vl vfy d l ehl cdc cc sd kinh doanh, budn bdn thuic BVTV gdy lang phf thuic, khd qudn ly sO- dgng thuic vl ddy Id hdng hod kinh doanh cd dilu kifn trdn ding mfng. nghidm ngft. T i chu-c tfp hudn, ndng cao hilu
Hifn nay, Cgc BVTV da tham muu cho Bf bilt v l phdp ludt, cdc quy djnh v l qudn ly thulc NN&PTNT vd trinh Bf Dg- thdo sua dii, b i sung cdc BVTV, y thOc trdch nhifm cua cdc cc quan quan vdn bdn QPPL d l k h ^ phgc cdc bit cfp trdn tmng ly chuydn ngdnh, chfnh quyin cdc cdp, cdc ca qudn ly thuic BVTV d nude ta, ( ^ bift Id Thdng tu quan chO-c ndng cua dja phucng.
38 v l qudn ly thuic BVTVvd Nghj djnh 26 vlxu-phgt 4. Nhd nude uu tidn ddu tu ngNen cuu va vi phgm hdnh chfnh trong finh ygc bdo vfvd KDTV. phdt triln cdc gfdng cdy tring ching chju sau
Giii phap tdng cu^ng cong tic quin ly bfnh, cdc thuic BVTV sinh hpc va cdc ky thuft thudc BVTV nhim gup phin dim bio an toan giam thilu su- dgng hod chit dfc hgi trong BVTV.
thiFcphim & Vi^t Nam trong th&igian t&i Cdn ed chfnh sdch uu dai d i i vdi cdc thulc sinh 1 .Tdng cudng tuydn truyin, tfp hudn, ndng hpc d l tdng ddn ty If thuic BVTV sinh hpc.
cao nhfn thuc vd hilu bilt cua ngudi sdn xudt, 5. Tdng cudng hcp tdc quic t l , ddo tgo, nang ngudi tidu dung va cfng ding. Md ring edc md cao ndng Ig-c cua cdc edn bf thg-c hifn nhifm vg hinh IPM, 3 gidm 3 tdng, hu-dng din cac bifn qudn ly nhd nude v l thuic BVTV d Vift Nam.
SAU BENH GAY HAI TREN LUA VA BieN
P H A P Q U A NLY
Cgc Bdo vf thgc vft
1. Diln biln tinh hinh sau bfnh tren mg vd Bdnh LSD : Sen La, Qudng Tq, Qudng Nam lua tren todn quic (15/1/2012 - 25/2/2012) B$nh ngh^t rd: Difn Bidn. Phu Thp
Theo bdo edo cQa cdc ehi cgc BVTV tinh vd ^ ' V ' f>f^ng li:Thira Thidn Hul
cdc Trung tdm BVTV vung diln biln sdu bfnh ^ " > ^ " '"^"^ ^' "^ '"^= ^hu ylu d Quang tn hgi trdn lua vdmg khdng biln dfng nhilu so vdi ^ ^^ -Y^" ^^'' ^ ^ '^'"^' ^ " ^ " 9 ^'""'
cung ky ndm 2011,cg thd nhu sau: Qudng Tq , . . *.
Bdnh dao dn trdn Id: Ble Giang, ThOa Thidn ^^V "^"' ' a / ^9 ^"9. r^y nau nhd: xudt Hul, Long An, Kidn Giang, An Giang, Oing hifn vdi mft df thdp tgi Qudng Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Thdp, Bgc Lidu, Sdc Trdng Ninh Blnh, Tuydn Quang, San La ; cdn c cac tinh
Bdnh dao dn cd bdng: d cdc tinh duydn hdi ^^"h Ojnh, Khdnh Hda, Long An, Cin TTic, Bgc Nam Trung bf vd Tdy Nguydn(xudt hifn rdi rdc), Lidu, Oing Thdp, An Giang thl chu ydu la rdy nau Bgc Lidu. Kidn Giang, VTnh Long, Trd Vinh, Oing ^^" ^^" '^ "^^ ^i^^* ^ i ' ^ " ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^
Thdp, Hfu Giang... tinh nhung vdi mft df thip 32