7Ai hdnh phdp lual 86 7(316)-2018 i , ».
HGUYEN TAG " M M PHAN, HOI THAM XET XDOOC LAP VA CHI TUAN THEO PHAP LUAT" - THUC TIEN THOC HIEN VA KIEN NGH!
I T R A N TH! THU H A N G *
Tdm tdt: Nguyen tdc "Thdm phdn, Hgi thdm xet xu dgc lap vd tudn theo phdp ludt" Id nguyin tdc quan trong du(rc ghi nhdn trong Hien phdp vd phdp ludt. Bdi viit dd khdi qudt ngi dung vd thuc tien thuc hi^
nguyen tac ndy a nudc la, tir do, de xudt mgt s6 kien nghf nham bdo ddm nguyen tac xet xu dgc lap.
Abstract: The principle "judges, assessors are independent and solely binding on the law" is an important principle which is provided in the Constitution and law. The paper generalizes content and practice of the implementation of this principle in our country, and from there, makes some proposals in order to ensure the principle of independent adjudication.
T
rong Nha nudc phap quyen, tinh dOc Igip cua tu phap la mpt trong nhung dgc trung CO ban. Tam quan trgng cua tu phap dOc lap tu lau da dupe ghi nhan tgi Dieu 10 Tuyen ngdn Nhan quyen Qudc te nam 1948 (UDHR) ghi nhan, mpi ngudi deu cd "quyen dugc xet xu cdng bang va cdng khai bdi mdt I d a an dpc lap va khdch quan". Dieu 14 Cdng udc qudc t6 ve cac quyin dan su va chinh tri nam 1966 (ICCPR) thi mgi ngudi cd "quyen dugc xet xii cdng bang, cdng khai bdi mdt Tda an cd tham quyen, dgc lap, edng minh dupe thiet lap theo phap lugt". 0 nudc ta, tinh ddc lap khi xet xu cua Tham phan va Hgi tham hj lau da la mgt nguyen tac Hien dinh {dugc ghi nhan trong cac ban Hien phap nam 1946, 1959, 1980, 1992 va 2013), dugc cu th8 hda trong cac d?o lugt quan trgng nhu Bg luat Td tung hinh su, Bp Iugt Td hing dan sg, Luat Td tung hdnh chinh, Luat Td chuc Tda an nhan dan.1. Npi dung Cff ban v^ nguyen t4c x^t xu d9c lap va chi tuan theo phap l u | t
Su dgc lap cua Tham phan va Hgi tham la tdng
hgp cac phuong tipn, bien phap ve xa hpi, phap luat, kmh tk, to chiic nhdm hgn che vd ngan ch^
nhiing tac dOng vao hogt dpng xet xii. Su dpc lap dd dugc xem la s^f ddc lap tren thijc te ddi vdi cac yku td ben ngoai va nhiing yeu to chii quan cua Hdi thim va Thdm phan trong thuc hipn nhiem vy xet xir. Hign phdp nam 2013 quy dinh ve nguyen tdc xet xir dpc l^ip cd npi dung mdi la Tham p h ^ Hpi tham ddc lap trong mpi boat dpng cua minh theo quy dinh cua phap ludt td tung ke tvr khi thv ly vu an cho tdi khi ket thuc phien toa chu khong chi gidi hgn bcri "khi xet xu" nhu quy dinh cua Hi^n phdp nam 1992. Vipc quy dinh nghien cam eo quan, td chiic, cd nhan can thipp vao viec xet xu ciia Tham phdn, Hdi tham trong cdng tac xet xu la dam bao cho nguyen tdc nay phai dugc thuc thi trong thuc ti^n xet xir ciia Tham phdn va Hpi tham.
Khi nghign ciiu hd so cung nhu khi xdt xit, Tham phdn, Hpi thdm khong bj ph\i thugc vao kfit lugn cua ca quan dilu tra, khong bi Ip thugc vao cao trang hiiy td cua Vipn kilm sat, khdng phu
^hijidnhphdp ludt 86 7(316)-2018
thudc vao y kign cua cac co quan khac hay ciia Tda an cdp tren. Trong qua trinh xet xii, Thdm phan va Hdi tham ddc lap tii viec nhgn dinh vu an, dien giai phap luat, quygt dinh dp dgng phdp luat va ra ban an. Cdc ca nhan, ca quan, td chiic khdng dugc can thiep, tac dpng tai cac thanh vien cua Hpi ddng xet xii dk budc hg phai xet xu theo y chi cua minh. Mpi hdnh vi can thipp vao hoat ddng xet xir cua Tda an deu bi coi la vi phgm phap lugt va anh hudng tdi tinh khach quan ciia boat ddng xet Xli. Tuy nhien trong qua trinh xet xu, Thdm phan va Hgi thim cd the tham khao y kien ciia cdc co quan chuyen mdn, nam bat du lugn xa hdi nhung khi ra quygt dinh vg vu an, Tham phan va Hgi tham phai the hien ban Imh nghg nghiep cua minh, xem xet cac van de cua vu an mdt each dgc lap, khach quan, khdng bi anh hudng, bi rang bugc bdi cac quan digm, y kign ben ngoai cua vu an. Hdi ddng xet xir phai xem xet, tham tra, danh gid chiing cii va cac tinh tiet khac ciia vu an mdt each thgn trpng, khoa hpc, toan dien cac chiing cii cd hong hd so v\i an va tgi phign tda. Quygt dinh cua Tda an chi dugc can cii vao nhiing chimg cii da dugc tham tra tai phidn tda.
Khi xet xu, Tham phan dgc lap vdi Hpi tham hong viec xem xet va danh gia chiing cir dg dua ra cac kgt lugn cua minh ma khdng le thudc vao quan diem, chinh kign cua cdc thanh vign khac trong Hpi ddng xet xii. Ddi vdi Hpi tham, khdng mdt yeu cau hay dd nghi nao cua nhung ngudi khae cd thg lam anh hudng tdi viec Hdi tham ap dung dung phap lugt, theo dung npi dung va tinh thin cua digu luat ddi vdi eae tinh tiet cua vg an cu thg.
Vg nguyen tdc, Thim phan khdng dugc dp dgt y kign ddi vdi Hdi thim khi xet xir. Chi cd thanh vien Hgi ddng xet xir mdi dugc tham gia nghi an, khi nghi an, Hdi thim bieu quygt trudc, Thim phan la ngudi bigu quygt sau cimg. Cac van dg cua
vu an dgu phai dugc giai quyet bang bigu quygt va quyet djnh theo da sd. Ngudi cd y kign thieu sd cd quygn trinh bay y kign cua minh bang van ban va dugc luu trong hd so vu an.
Xet xir ddc lap khdng cd nghia la xet xii tiiy tipn ma vipc xet xii phai tuan thu cac quy dinh ciia phap luat, trong khudn khd cua phap lugt. Khi nghign cim hd so, qua trinh xet xu tgi phign tda va khi nghi an, Tham phan va Hdi tham phai can cii vao cac quy dinh cua phap luat dg giai quygt vu an, khdng dugc tiiy tien, ap dat y chi chii quan trong viec ap d\mg phap luat. Khi thuc hien hoat ddng xet Xli, hogt ddng gan lien vdi vice cung cd phap che va trat tu phap luat thi Tham phan va Hdi tham cang phai nghiem chinh tuan theo phap lugt.
Khi xet xir cac vu an hinh su, phdp luat hinh su va phap luat td tgng hinh su la nhiing chuan mgc, can cii dg Tham phan va Hdi tham xem xet, ddi chigu vdi su viec xay ra, vdi hanh vi dugc dua ra xet xu va tren ea sd cac quy dinh cua phap luat, Hgi ddng xet xir dua ra cac phdn quyet ve hanh vi pham tgi cua hi cao, ve tdi danh va hinh phat dugc dp dung ddi vdi hi cao mOt each khaeh quan, ehinh xac phii hgp vdi dign bien thuc te cua vu an. Khi tign hanh giai quyet cac vu an dan su va hanh chinh, Tham phan va Hdi tham phai can cii vao cac quy dinh ciia phap luat dan su, hdn nhan va gia dinh, lao ddng, hanh chinh, tir dd ddi ehidu vdi cac tinh tigt cua vg an dg xac dinh thuc tg cd hanh vi vi phgm phap luat hay khdng, hach nhiem phap ly cua cac bgn, van de bdi thudng... Ddc lap va chi tuan theo phap luat la hai mat thdng nhit ciia mot nguyen tie CO ban trong td tung. Ddc lap tiic la tuan theo phap luat va tuan theo phap luat dg dugc ddc lap.
N I U ehi tuan theo phap luat ma khdng cd su ddc lap thi chi la su tuan theo mgt each hinh thiic, khdng cd hieu qua. Dieu dd the hien la cac phan quyet trong ban an, quygt dinh cua hpi dong xet
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Xli phai phu hgp vdi mpi tinh tiet khach quan eua vu an, viec xet xii phai dam bao diing ngudi, dung tdi, diing phap luat, bao dam quyen con ngudi, quyen edng dan...; khdng dugc ket lu|n dua tren y chi chii quan, cam tinh ciia ca nhan mdi thanh vien ciia Hgi ddng xet xu.
2. Thuc tiSn thuc hi^n nguyen tac "Tham phan, Hoi tham xet xu dpc lap va chi tudn theo phap ludt"
Nguyen tac "Tham phan, Hpi tham xet xu ddc lap va tuan theo phap luat" la nguyen tac quan trpng dugc ghi nhan trong Hign phap va phap luat.
Thdi gian qua vipc th\rc hien nguyen tac nay da dgt duge ket qua nhat dinh, tuy nhign, eiing van cdn nhieu han chg trong ca chg dam bao tinh dOc lap cua Tham phan va Hpi tham trong cae quy dinh vg td chiie va boat ddng cua Tda an, su han che ve trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu cua Thdm phan va Hdi tham; van de dgo due nghe nghiep chua dugc coi trpng; chg do dai ngd ddi vdi Tham phan va Hgi tham chua dugc quan tam diing miic.
Cu thi:
Thu- nhat, HOi tham cd vi tri, vai trd quan h-png dam bao tinh dan ehu, khach quan cua boat ddng xet xir, gdp phan giup viec xet xu cua Tda an dien ra cdng bang, chinh xac, khdch quan. Ciing vdi Tham phan, Hgi tham la nhiing thdnh vien khong the thieu dugc trong boat dOng xet xir cua mdi vu an. Tuy nhien, trgn thuc t l cac quy dinh ciia phap luat vg dia vi phap ly cua Hgi thim, co chg biu, cii HOi thim va thuc trang hogt ddng cua Hpi tham cdn nhieu van dl vudng mdc, bit cap khign viec Hdi tham tham gia hoat dpng xet xir cua Tda an edn mang tinh hinh thiic, vin chua phat huy dugc het vi tri, vai trd quan trpng ma Hiln phdp va phap luat da quy dinh. Qua cdng tac xet xu cho thiy, Hdi thim chua phat huy dupe hit quyen nang ciia minh, ed nhiing Hdi thim chi din
nghien ciru ket luan dieu tm, ban cao trang ho$c cd trudng hgp khdng nghign ciiu hd sa nhung van tign hanh hoat dgng xet xu tai Tda an, vi vay, Hpi thdm se roi vao tmh trang le thuOc, thieu ehu dpng hrong qua trmh chung minh tdi phgm cimg nhu quyet dinh viec giai quyet vu an, khign cho cdng chung nhin nhan ve su tham gia cua Hgi thim chi la hinh thuc, tham gia cho dii thanh phan.
Hien nay, phap ludt ciing chua chinh thiic giao cho CO quan nao quan ly thdng nhat ddi ngii H6i thim cua eae Tda an nhan dan. Theo quy dinh cua Lugt Td chiic Tda an nhan dan nam 2014, Uy ban Mat tran Td qudc cd traeh nhiem chudn hi nhan su, hiep thuang lap danh sach Hgi thim de Hpi ddng nhan dan ciing cap bdu ra HOi tham (tni Hpi tham quan nhan cita Tda an quan su eac cap do co quan c6 tham quygn eii theo Lugt Td ehiic Tda dn nhan dan). Trong khi dd, Uy ban Mat tran Td qu6c hau nhu rat it thyc hien giam sat hogt dgng ciia HOi tham do minh gidi thieu hogc bdu ra. Tda an ehi quan ly Hdi tham trong thdi gian hp nghien ciiu hd so va tham gia xet xu. Hipn nay, m?c du eac dia phuang cd thanh lap Doan HOi thdm, nhung la td ehiic hoat dOng theo nguyen tic tu quan. Ngoai thdi gian tham gia boat ddng xet xir, HOi tham sinh hogt tgi co quan, td chiic nai hp lam viec hoac dia phucmg noi hg sinh sdng, nen doi vdi mdt sd vg an cd tmh ehit nhay cam dl hi tac dOng, sue ep va de phdt sinh tieu cyc.
Th^ hai, Tham phdn, Hdi thim ciing cd the bi ap luc khac tac dOng, khiln hg liing tung khi tham gia xet Xli nhu hipn Urgng can thiep cua chinh quygn dia phuang, cua Chanh an Tda an, cua t6 chiic Dang vao hoat dOng xet xu. Hien phap hien hanh khdng quy dinh mdi quan he hanh chinh giua Tda an cac cip, mdi quan he giiia Tda an cac cap la mdi quan he to tung, digu nay cd nghia la khdng c6 Tda an cap ti-gn va khdng cd Tda an cap dudi
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ma chi cd Tda an cip so thim, Tda an cip phiic tham, cac Tda an thuc hign ebire nang giam ddc tham vd tai tham va cac Tda an thuc hipn chiic nang xet xii dOc lap vdi nhau. Tuy nhign, van ihn t^i tinh trgng Tda an cip frgn quan ly Tda an cap dudi ca vd td chiic, tai chinh vd chi d^o chuyen mdn nghiep vg. Tmh trgng can thiep tir phia lanh dao Tda an vao boat dOng xet xu, hong mgt sd hudng hgp da can thiep sau vao cong vipc xet xu ciia Thdm phan vd Hdi tham hoac cung cd trudng hpp vi lgi ich ea nhan ma Chanh an chi thi, dinh hudng cho HOi ddng xet xu. Tren thyc te, tinh trang Tham phan tham khdo y kign cua lanh dgo Toa an cdn cao. Viec trao ddi y kign lanh dgo vg
"dudng loi giai quyet vu an" van chiem mOt ty Ip Idn trong cac tham phan tmh va huypn. Tda an nhan dan tdi eao da cd ygu cau nghiem cam sy can thifp vao hogt ddng xet xii, nhung tren thvrc t l khdng it Tda an dia phuong van edn tdn t^i ea che nay. Thih trang "bao cao an", "thinh thi an" da pha vd nhilu nguyen tdc quan ly va nguyen tac tu phap hong hoat ddng tda an, nhu "nguyen tic Tham phan, Hdi tham xet xii dOc lap", "nguygn tic xet xii tap the", lam cho nhung nguygn tac nay trd nen hinh thiic vd khdng dugc tdn trpng, lam giam vai tcb cua Hdi thdm, pha vd nguyen tdc tinh dai dipn ciia nhan dan trong xet xir. Tham phan, HOi thim ddi khi cdn chiu dp luc cua cdng lugn khi dang tdi nhilu bai viet vg mOt vu an chua xet xii; chiu anh hudng va tac dOng cua ban ket lugn dilu tra hoac cao trang khi nghien cuu hd so ngn cd thg khong dgc lap trong qua trinh xem xet va ddnh gia chiing cii.
JAi? ba, khong it Thim phdn va HOi thim cdn Ip thuOc vdo kit qua digu tra, nhung thdng tin, tai lipu cd trong hd sa vy an. Trong nhilu trudng hgp, HOi ddng xet xu tm vao kit qud dilu tra cd trong hd so vu an md khdng coi trgng tdi nhirng y kiln
trinh bay tai phign tda, chua thyc su eoi ttpng nguygn tae tranh tung ma van nang ve tham van, xet hdi, tgo ra su bat binh dang giiia eae bgn tham gia td tung. Do dd, phan quyet ciia HOi ddng xet xir cdn mang tinh ap d^t, cdn tinh trgng xet xir oan sai, trai phap luat; ban an, quygt dinh cua Tda an cap dudi bi Tda an cap trgn huy, sira nhieu.
TAK- tu, quy trinh tuyen ehpn Tham phan cdn nhigu bat cap, viec tuyen chgn Tham phan khdng dugc phap lugt quy dinh phai cdng bd cdng khai, rdng rai ndn khdng tao dugc tinh cgnh tranh. Thyc tg viec tuygn chpn Tham phan co ban la quy trinh khep kin trong nOi bO ngdnh Tda an, chua cd ca che khuygn khich nhung ngudi cd dii tigu chuan, digu kien dang ky du thi ho^c tuygn chpn lam Thim phan, vi thg khdng thu hiit dugc ngudi tdi, gidi. Hien tai, bgn cgnh nhiing Tham phan dugc ddo tao bai ban, cd trinh dO chuygn mdn, nghipp vy viing vang, cd bg day kinh nghipm va ky nang xet xir, van edn khdng it Thim phan han chg ve nang lyc, hinh dO chuygn mdn, nghiep vu, khdng cd ban linh chinh tri viing vang, thieu tu tin, sg trach nhiem, khdng tu quyet dinh dugc cac tinh hudng khi xet xir. Day cung la mOt trong nhiing nguygn nhan anh hudng tdi nguygn tac xet xu dOc lap eiia Tham phan va Hdi tham.
Thw ndm, chl dO tign luong ciia Tham phdn vd chg dO, ehinh sach ddi vdi Hdi tham chua hgp ly.
Mirc luong cua Thim phan d nude ta hien nay la rit khigm tdn, khdng dam bao dugc mirc sdng tdi thilu cua ban than va gia dinh hg. Dilu nay se lam cho Thim phan khdng ygn tam cdng tac, dg bi nhiing tac dOng, cam dd hoac tham nhung khi tham gia hoat ddng td tgng. Ddi vdi HOi thim, ngoai ehe dp vg trang phuc, Hgi tham chi cd ehe dp bdi dudng phign tda vdi miic 90.000 ddng/ngay nghign ciiu hd so hogc xet xii. Trong khi do, phap lugt quy dinh khi tham gia xet xu, HOi tham ngang
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I
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quyin vdi Thim phan, nhung mdt sd chg dO cua Thim phan nhu phu cip cdng vu, phu cap trach nhiem nghi, thi Hgi thim lai khdng duoc hudng ciing la khong hgp ly.
Phap luat ciing chua quy dinh cac bipn phap bao vp Thim phan, HOi thim va gia dmh hp hong nhung trudng hgp cin thiet. Thuc te da cd nhieu hudng hgp Thim phan, HOi thim bi eac ddi tugng de dga, tra thu, tham chi nhung ngudi than ciia hg Cling bi de dga, tra thu, vi vay, can phai cd nhung quy dinh vl bao ve ddi vdi tinh mang, tai san cua Thim phan, Hdi thim va gia dmh hg ngodi thdi gian tham gia xet xu dl hp yen tam thuc hipn nhiem vg xet Xli cua minh, dac biet la xet xii nhimg vu an Idn, vg an cd hi cdo la doi tupng nguy hiem.
3. Mpt so kien nghi nham bao dam nguyen tdc x6t xu- dpc Igp
Dg dam bao thuc hien tdt nguygn tae Tham phan, HOi thdm xet xii dOc lap va chi tuan theo phap lugt, hgn chl oan sai, tieu cgc, xet xu diing ngudi, diing tOi va thuc hien nghigm hie Nghi quylt sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bd Chinh tri v l Chiln luge cai each tu phap den nam 2020 vd nang cao chat lupng, hieu qua boat ddng xet Xli, chung ta can lam tdt nhiing nOi dung sau:
Mgt Id, hoan thien cac quy dinh cua phap luat vg dia phdp ly eiia Hpi tham nham bao dam su tham gia ciia HOi tham trong hoat dOng xgt xu.
Theo chiing tdi, can sira ddi quy dinh cua phap luat theo hudng quy djnh thai han dai han cho mpt nhiem ky cua HOi tham la 07 nam. Vg thanh phin HOi ddng xet xii, cd the giam sd lugng Hdi tham trong Hpi ddng xet xir cae vu an dan su, hinh su, hanh chinh, cu thg la trong phien tda so tham, HOi ddng xet xii cd mdt Hdi tham va hai Tham phan (hoac trong hirdng hgp dac biet cd hai Hdi thim va ba Tham phan). Nhu vgy, vira bao dam tinh chuyen nghiep cua Tham phan, viia bao dam tinh
nhan dan cua Hdi ddng xet xii. Bd sung quy dinh vl dao dire nghe nghiep cua Hpi tham. Quy che dao dire nghi nghipp cua HOi tham se quy dinh nhung yeu cau chung vg dao d i e nghe nghi^, phim ehit cin ed cua Hdi thim, nhiing ygu ciu vl dao diic nghi nghiep ciia HOi thdm trong boat dOng td tung, trong quan hp cdng tac, trong quan he vdi nhung ngudi tiln hanh td tgng, vdi nhung ngudi tham gia td tung vd trong mdi quan he hanh chinh...; quy dinh vl co chl khen thudng va xu ly vi phgm ddi vdi HOi tham.
Hai Id, xu ly nghigm tinh trgng "thinh thi an",
"bao eao an" cua Thim phan trong hoat dOng x6t xii. Thuc trgng "trao ddi dudng 16) giai quylt vg an", "ti-ao ddi nghipp vu" hay "tham khao y kiln"
giiia Thim phan ciia Tda an cdp dudi vdi Thim phan cua Tda an eip trgn Id mOt thge t l dang ton tai. Tinh tieu cue cua co ehe "thinh dn","bao cao an", "trao ddi dudng loi gidi quygt vu an vdi lanh dgo Tda an" hay "tham khao y kign eiia Tda an cap tren" da Idm cho ca cau td chirc ciia he thdng xet xir trd nen khdng cd y nghia, Idm cho chat lugng tranh tung tai cac phign tda, quyen bao chua cua cdng dan khdng dugc bdo dam; pha vo cac nguygn tdc cua boat ddng tu phap da dugc hien dinh, nhu
"nguygn tie dOc lap xet xir", "nguyen tac xet xic tap thg" hay "nguygn tac bao dam tinh dai dien cua nhan dan trong xet xut", Iam eho nhiing nguygn tdc nay da trd ngn hinh thiie va khdng dugc tdn trgng, Iam gidm vai trd ciia Hdi thdm, pha va nguyen tac tinh dai dien cua nhan dan trong xet xic. De bao dam su cdng bang, cdng khai, minh bgch trong hogt dpng xet xu, can phdi tdch bgch dugc thim quygn qudn ly hanh chinh va thim quyin tu phap giiia Tda an cap trgn vdi Toa an cip dudi vd giiia Chanh an vdi Tham phdn;
phai cd cac co chl lam cho cdc Thim phan phai chiu hach nhipm vl hanh ddng cua minh. Cin
^hi hdnh phdp, Uidi
tang cudng tinh chiu trdch nhipm giai trinh cdng khai, minh bgch ciia Thim phdn vd Hpi thim ttong hogt dOng xet xii. Sir ddc lap cua tu phdp cin phai di cung vdi co chg ttach nhiem ttong hogt dOng hr phap. Vipc tuygn chpn va bd nhiem Thim phan can edng khai, minh bgch, chuin hda cac tieu chuan doi vdi Tham phdn, ddng thdi cd co chg ket hgp thi tuyen vdi tuyen chpn ngudi dg bd nhipm Tham phan, md rOng nguon bd nhipm dg nang cao chat lugng dOi ngu Tham phan.
Ba Id, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao cin quan tam nhieu hon vg cdng tae tdng ket thue tien xet xir va ap dgng thdng nhdt phap lugt cho Tda an nhan dan cac cap. Tang cudng cdng tac tdp huan vg chuygn mdn nghiep vu, cac van ban phap luat mdi dugc ban hanh cho Tham phan cac cap. Xay dung quy che quan ly, giam sat ddi vdi Tham phan, HOi tham ttong vipc thuc thi nhiem vg cua minh; cd bipn phap chg tdi hanh chinh eg thg ddi vdi nhiing tnrdng hgp ap dung phap lugt mOt each tuy tipn
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theo y chi chu quan ciia Tham phan va Hdi tham.
Kien toan nang cao trinh dO, nang luc, ban ITnh ehinh trj cua dOi ngii Tham phdn, Hpi tham.
Nghign cihi, xay dgng cai each chl dp tiln luong va chinh sach dai ngd ddi vdi Tham phan, HOi thdm phii hgp vdi vi tri, vai trd vd dac thii cua cdng tdc xet xir. Xay dung che dO tien luang cho Tham phan theo thang, bgc luong rieng. Can cd nhiing bipn phap bao dam an ninh nham bao ve tinh mang, siie khog, tdi san cua Tham phan, Hdi thdm vd gia dinh hp khi thi hanh edng vu. Ben cgnh dd, can tang eudng dau tu co sd vat chat, phuang tien phue vu cdng tae xet xic cua Tda an nhu xay dung tru sd, md rOng phdng xir dn, ttang hi day dii cac phuang tien phuc vu va hd ttg cho cdng tac xet xu dam bao thge hien cac nguygn tac td tgng nhu dgc lap xet x^, xet xu; cdng khai, nguygn tac ttanh tting... de ngay cang dap iing yeu cau nhipm vu xet xu ttong tign ttinh cai each tu phap d nudc ta Men nay G
Mdtsoyeutoanhhir(iingaen...
(Tiip theo trang 22) nao, quan hO khg udc ma cac ben khdng thuc sucd quyen tu dinh doat hay co quan ed tham quyen cho minh quydn quyet dinh thay cac bgn vdi dau dd la su ddnh ttao khdi niem bao ve ngudi lao dgng; chimg nao cac quy ludt va nguygn tac cita thj ttudng chua that su duge coi trgng ttong viec xac lap cdc quy phgm phap ludt lao dOng, thi viec siia ddi, bd sung BO lugt Lao ddng se mai chi la nhirng sua chua ky thugt, phiic dap nhiing nhu ciu tiic thdi, trudc mat ciia mOt bO phdn nao do trong quan hp lao ddng. Trpng ttach nghign ciiu khung ly thuyet va dua ra nhiing nhan thiic ly
luan cd tinh dan dat, dinh hudng nhan thiie ve quan he lao dOng ttong xa hpi se la ai ngu khdng phai la cac ca sd ddo tao hgc thuat vg phap luat lao dOng trong ca nudc?
1. https://news.zing.vn/cach-mang~cong-nghiep-40- la-gi; cgp nhdt 03/12/2017.
2. https://thanhnien vn/the-gioi/tuong-iai-robot- vung-len-thach-thuc-khong-chi-cho-nguoi-lao-dong:
cgp nhgt 30/11/2017.
3. http://cird.gov vn/content.php? Cap nhdt 03/12/2017.