THUC TRANG SU DUNG MANG XA HOI TRONG SINH VIEN HIEN NAY
GS.TS. Tran HCru Luyen
Trudng Dgi hoc Ngogi ngif - Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Ngi.
ThS, Nguyen Thj Thir
Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc xd hgi vd Nhdn vdn - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi.
I ft TOM TAT
Bdi vie't ndy irinh bdy cdc ket qud nghien cifu ve thuc trgng sif dung mgng xd hgi trong sinh vien nudc ta hien nay tren cdc khia cgnh: Mifc dp sinh vien sU dung mgng xd hdi, cdc logi mgng xd hpi dugc sinh vien sif dung, dia diem sinh vien thudng sif dung mgng xa hpi, thdi gian sinh vien ddnh cho viec su dung mgng xd hpi vd quan lie bgn be tren mgng xd hpi ciia sinh vien.
Ttf khoa: Sinh vien; Logi mgng xd hgi; Mdc do; Thdi gian; Dia diem; Quan he bgn be.
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 3/6/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/7/2014.
1. Dat van de
Nghien ciiu ve sii dung mang xa hoi cua thanh nien dang la sinh vien, lire lupng dang hpc tap trong cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang la rat can thiet. Nam dupc nhung ndi dung sii dung mang xa hoi ciia hp, nhu thuc trang sii dung mang xa hpi Clia ho, nhu cau sir dung mang xa hoi ciia hp, ap luc ciia mang xa hdi dd'i vdi hp va ye'u td tac dpng de'n miic chju ap luc cua hp va tu danh gia ban than, cung nhu yeu td anh hudng tdi tu danh gia ban than ciia hp se cho phep dua ra dupc nhQng bien phap can thiel, phu hpp, co ca sd chac chan de dieu chinh, ngan chan nhu'ng dieu khong mong mudn, lech lac trong su dung mang xa hdi ciia sinh vien, tao dieu kien cho ho phat huy nhung mat tdt trong sir dung mang xa hdi vao hoan thanh nhiem vu hpc tap va c6ng tac.
Bai vie't nay chi gidi han trinh bay v6 thuc trang sii dung mang xa hdi cua sinh vien hien nay nhu miic dp ho sir dung mang xa hdi, cac loEii mang xa hdi dupc ho sii dung, dia diem hp thudng sir dung mang xa hpi, thdi gian ho danh cho viec su dung mang xa hdi va quan he ban be ciia hp tren mang xa hpi.
2. Phuong phap, npi dung, dia ban va khach the nghien ciiu
Tim hie\i thuc trang sir dung mang xa hoi cua sinh vien hien nay dupc tiep
TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2 0 1 4
can tir gdc dd tam ly hoc xa hdi; Phuang phap nghien ciiu chu yeu dupc su dung ia phuang phap dieu tra bang bang hdi. Noi dung nghien ciiu la miic do sii dung mang xa hdi cua sinh vien, cac Ioai mang xa hdi dupc sinh vien su dung, dia diem sinh vien thudng su dung mang xa hdi, thdi gian sinh vien danh cho viec su dung mang xa hdi va quan he ban be cua sinh vien tren mang xa hdi. Sd lieu thu duac tii bang hdi dupc xu ly vdi su trp giiip cua phan mem SPSS, phien ban 16.0.
Dia ban nghien cuu dupc tie'n hanh d cac trudng dai hpc thudc 6 thanh phd':
Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng, Vinh, Hue, Da Nang va thanh phd Hd Chf Minh.
Khach the nghien ciiu dupc khao sat la 4.247 sinh vien, trong dd qua xii iy cd 4.205 sinh vien su dung mang xa hdi.
3. Miic dp sur dung mang xa hpi trong sinh vien
Ke't qua dieu tra miic dp su dung mang xa hoi trong sinh vien (bieu dd 1) cho thay, trong long sd 4.247 sinh vien dupc khao sat, cd de'n 99% cd sii dung mang xa hdi. Ndi each khac, tuyet dai da sd sinh vien nam nir, sinh vien cac nam I, II, III, IV va d lat ca cac truong dai hoc, cao dang thudc 6 thanh phd dupc khao sat deu sii dung mang xa h6i. Ket qua nay khang dinh viec su dung mang xa hpi hien nay dsinh vien la rat phd bie'n,
D Co sir dung mang \;i lioi • Khong su dung
Bieu dd 1: Ty le sinh vien si'fdiing mgng xd hpi (%)
Mang xa hdi (hue sir dang cd site hap dan ldn vdi gidi tre ndi chung va sinh vien ndi rieng, do nhieu nguyen nhan, theo chiing toi, nhu d6ng luc thfch kham phii Ciii indi cua sinh vien, uu die'm ciia mang xa hdi so vdi cac phuang lien truyen thong khiic va iheo cac tac giii khac, mang xa hdi dap iing dupc nhu cau da dang, de diing, nhanh chdng [ 11; ho<)c de duy tri mdi quan he, de ket ban, phii hpp nhu Cilu 12|. hoac cd nhieu thdi gian, diip iing nhu cau thfch giao km ket ban, thiet lap cac mdi quan he ]31.
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2 0 1 4
4. Cac Ioai mang xa hpi duoc sinh vien sii dung
Bieu dd 2 trinh bay ke't qua 17 mang xa hoi dang duac sinh vien hien nay sir dung, trong dd bao gdm 11 mang xa hpi nudc ngoai (Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Yahoo 360, Linkedin, Opera, Blogspot, GoogIe+, Youtube, Friendfeed, Pinterest) va 6 mang xa hdi Viet Nam (Tamtay.vn, Yume, Zing Me, Truongxua.vn, Clip.vn, Go.vn).
Linkodlii "" i.S
G.iofik.>
Bieu do 2: Cdc mgng xa hpi duac sinh vien Viet Nam Ua thich (%) Trong 17 mang xa hdi dupc sir dung, sinh vien hien nay ua diing nha't Facebook (86,6%). Su dcfn gian, thdng minh, tfnh tuang tac cao, kho iing dung khdng Id, cac phien ban da ngon ngir va sdm phat trien tren nen tang di ddng ciia Facebook da lao nen thanh cdng ciia mang xa hdi nay tren khap the' gidi va iai Viet Nam. Miic d6 tang trudng ngudi sii dung Facebook d Viet Nam dang diing sd m6t the gidi va sap tdi se ngang bang vdi cac nudc trong khu vuc, cu th^ la Thai Lan (khoang 17 trieu ngudi) [4].
Xep vi trf thii hai la Youtube vdi 60% sinh vien diing trang mang nay. Theo ket qua xep hang cua vietnamsurvey, c6ng bd thang 2/2012, Youtube dupc xe'p thii nhat ve luang ngudi truy cap trong Top 5 mang xa hpi phd bie'n nha't Viet Nam, theo thii tu tir cao trd xudng la: Youtube, Facebook, ZingMe, Google Plus, Go.vn 15|. Ly do Youtube thu hiit ngudi diing tren toan the gidi, cung nhu gidi sinh vien, bdi tfnh tien dung trong chia se cac video true tuyen, tao ra su tac ddng true quan tdi mat cam xuc cua ngudi diing. Sinh vien tham gia cdng ddng mang nay khong chi giai trf bang cac bd phim, clip nhac, video quang cao, ma cdn hpc hdi dupc rit nhi^u nhimg dieu bd fch khac.
Vdi 56,2% sinh vien dang dilng Google+, xep hang vi trf thir 3 trong sd cac mang xa hpi dang dupc sinh vien ua dung. Cd the la do ta't ca cac tai khoan Google mdi deu mac nhien dupc coi nhu mdt lai khoan mang xa hdi Google +, du cho ho chang bao gid dang nhap vao nd. Cung nhu vay, sinh vien Viet Nam, do yeu cSu
TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, S6 8 (185), 8 - 2 0 1 4
ciia boat ddng hpc tap, hp can phai lap thu dien tu (gmail) de lien lac vdi giang vien, cac thanh vien trong cac nhdm hpc tap, ban be v.v... nen tai khoan Google ciia hp dupc mac dinh la mdt tai khoan ciia mang xa hdi Google+.
Zing Me la mpt trang mang phat trien nhat trong so cac mang xa hpi mang thuong hieu Viet Nam hien nay [61. Tai Viet Nam, Zing Me luon la mang xa hdi dupc xep hang d vi trf sd mdt. Vdi dd'i tupng sinh vien, ty le dang sir dung Zing Me chi la 39,2%, xe'p d vi trf sd 4, sau Facebook, Youtube va GoogIe+.
Ben canh Zing Me, trong sd cac mang xa hdi ndi dia "tieu bieu" nhat ngudi ta thudng nhac den Go.vn. Nhung ket qua cho tha'y, Go.vn chi dang xep d vi trf thii 11 vdi ty le sinh vien sir dung la 3,6%. Ly giai "ye'u the"" cua cac mang xa hpi Viet Nam trudc cac mang xa hdi nudc ngoai, la do cac mang xa hoi Viet Nam ra ddi mudn ban cac mang xa hpi the gidi, ft cd tfnh nang ha'p dan, iing dung (game, nhac.) va ket ndi vdi ban be qudc te'. Cac dac diem ve giao dien tie'ng Viet, sir dung than thien v.v... vdn dupc coi la uu the'ciia mang xa hoi Viet Nam thuc te'cung khong the vupt qua uu the'ciia cac mang xa hdi nudc ngoai.
So sanh tuong quan cheo giira ty le sinh vien sii dung nhieu nhat 4 mang xa hdi (Facebook, Youtube, Google+ va ZingMe) va gidi tfnh ciia ho, ket qua thu dupc nhu sau: Cd su khac biet ve ty le nam, nii sinh vien sii dung Facebook (p = 0,00 < 0,05), Google + (p = 0,00), nhung khdng cd su khac biel gidi tfnh ciia sinh vien sir dung mang xa h6i Youtube (p = 0,94) va Zing Me (p = 0,12). Trong sd nhung sinh vien cd sir dung Facebook thi 44,7% la nam va 55,3% la niJ. Su chenh lech nam, nii sinh vien sir dung Google+ th^ hien rat rd ret vdi 62,6%- la nfr va 37,4% la nam. Di^u nay cd nghTa la ty le nu' sinh vien sir dung Googie+ nhieu ga'p 1,7 liin so vdi ly lc nam sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi nay. Ngoai ra, con Ihuc hien ki^m dinh Chi-square da ihu dupc ke't qua la sinh vien sinh sdng, hoc tap d cdc vung mien khdc nhau cd xu hudng ua diing cac mang xa hpi khac nhau (p = 0,00).
Twitter la mdt trang mang phd bie'n tren the gidi, nhung hi khong dupc cac si[ih vien Viet Nam ua chudng (6,2%), do chiic nang ciia Twitter khdng nhieu bang Fiicebook, tfnh nang sir dung kho ban, chua cd hd trp tieng Viel va chua truy cap dupc qua dien thoiii.
Cung nhu vay, dd'i vdi MySpace, trang mang dupc xuat hien kha sdm trong cdng ddng niiing. nhung vdi sinh vien Viet Nam, chi chiem 2,29;. Mpt sd mang xa hdi thupc the he cu. trir Yahoo (29,7%), ddi vdi the gidi va Viet Nam deu khOng cdn dupc sinh vien sir dung nhieu niia, nhu Clip.vn (8,6%), Tamtay.vn (3,3%), Yume (3,3%). Tuy nhien, cung la trudng hpp mang xa hpi the he web 3.0, nhung sinh vien viln khdng chpn sir dung nhu Linkedin (1,5%), vl mang nay co khuynh hudng chuyen biet tdi ddi tupng la cac doanh nhan, nhfmg ngudi da di him.
Kci quii khiio sat nhiJng kho khan sinh vien dang gap phai khi sir dung mang xii hdi (bic'u dd 3) cho tha'y, chi co 24.5% sinh vien co gap khd khan khi sir dung niiuig xii hdi. Trong cac khd khan xem xet, hai khd khan ldn nhi'it sinh vien gi)p phili la ngoai ngfr hiin che (chie'm 39,6%) va khdng nSm virng chiic nang ciia mang xa hpi (chie'm 22,2%). Mot so khd khan khac (9,9%) dupc sinh vien neu ra
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. SiV 8 (185), 8 - 2014
la mang ye'u, mang bi chan va khd khan chii quan la thieu thdi gian va khOng lam chu dupc thdi gian d^ vao mang xa hpi.
Su clung m^iig chua Lung limg Inrrtc ii ihu^n thuc luong ihong l\n It
Chira hieu ro chirc Trinh do ngoai ngU nSng cim mang xil han che
Kho khan khSc
Bieu do 3: Kho khdn cua sinh vien khi su: dung mgng xd hdi Trong sd sinh vien gap khd khan khi sii dung mang xa hdi vi trinh dd ngoai ngii han che', xet ve mat gidi tinh, co su khac biet giiia ty le nam va nir sinh vien, Vdi p = 0,001, chi cd 36,6% nam gap kho khan, trong khi nif chiem 41,9%. Tuang tu nhu vay co sir khac biet (p = 0,00) giira nam va nii sinh vien trong viec hi^u hay khdng hieu rd cac chiic nang cua mang xa hpi. Chi cd 15,8% nam sinh vien gap khd khan nay trong khi nif sinh vien la 27%.
Tom iai, cac mang xa hdi dupc sinh vien hien nay yeu thfch nha't theo ihii tu la Facebook (86,6%), Youtube (60%>), Google+ (56,2%), ZingMe (39,5%), trong dd 3 mang xa hpi dau la ciia nudc ngoai, chi ZingMe ia cua Viet Nam, xe'p vi trf cudi vdi khoang each kha xa. Cac mang xa hdi ft dupc sinh vien sir dung nhat: Printerest (0,8%), Friendfeed (1,2%),' Linkedin (l,5%o), MySpace (2,2%).
Nhu vay, sinh vien hien nay dang ua thfch cac trang mang xa hpi ndi tieng va dupc the' gidi sii dung nhieu hon.
5. Dia diem sinh vien sii dung mang xa hpi
Ke't qua khao sat dia diem sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi (bieu dd 4) cho tha'y, mang xa hdi tai noi lam viec sinh vien ft diing nha't (1,9%). Dieu nay phii hpp vdi ddi tupng dang di hpc. O nha la nai dupc sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi nhieu nha't (49,6%), nhieu ga'p hon 6 \in so vdi d trudng hpc (chi chie'm 8%), tha'p thii hai, sau nai lam viec. Chi cd 12,4% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi d tiem internet, nhung cd tdi 39,9% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hdi d mpi noi vdi cac thiet bi di ddng nhu dien thoai, may tfnh bang... Dieu nay phii hop ydi dac diem hoat dpng cua sinh vien la nhiing ngudi tre ua di chuyen.
16 TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2014
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NmlAmviet: rrironglujc Tiem inlernet d myi nm 0 nha
Bieu do 4: Dia diem si'f dung mgng xd hdi cua sinh vien (%) So sanh ty le sinh vien nam, nii vdi dia diem sir dung (xem bang I), ihay gidi tinh cung chi phdi den dia di^m sii dung mang xa hdi. Cu the la d tiem internet (p = 0,00) nam sir dung nhieu hon nit vdi ly le lan lupl la 53,3%, 46,7%. C5 nha (p = 0,007), ngupc lai, nil sir dung nhilu ban nam vdi ty le l^n lupt la 59% va 41%. 6 trudng hpc (p = 0,018), nQ (63,1%) sir dung nhieu han han mim (36,9%).
Nhung vupt ra khuon khd la tiem internet, d nha hay Irudng hpc, ty le nam, nu sir dung mang xa hpi khdng cd su khac biet khi ho tmy cap mang xa hdi d moi nai (p = 0,3).
Su khiic biet tam sinh ly ve gidi cd the la nguyen nhan cho nhirng khac biet nay.
Bdng I: Ty le nam. nCf sinh vien vd dia diem sudiing mgng xd hgi (%)
Dhi cllem sir dung mang xa hoi Tifim inlemel
6 ilh.-i Trirdng hoc 0 moi noi
Nam 53,5 41,0 36,9 40,8
Nil- 46,7 59,0 63,1 39,2
P 0,000 0,007 0,018 0,303
Kei qua nghien ciiu cung cho tha'y khong co su khac biet ve so gid sir dung mang xfi hdi cii.i sinh vicn khi d tnrdng hpc (p > 0,05), nhung cd su khac biel ve .so gid sir dung mang xa hdi tai cac dia diem cdn lai (p < 0,05), 0 tiem internet co ldi 21,9% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi dudi 1 gid va chi cd 18,4% sir dung tir 1 - dudi 2 gid, trong khi cd 56,8% sinh vien danh tii 1 - dudi 2 gid m6i ngay de sir dung mang xa hdi d nha. Cung cd su khac biet trong viec sir dung mang xa hdi vao ban dem ciia sinh vien lai cac dia di^m khiic nhau' 59,8% d nha va 16% d licm
TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd' 8 (185). 8 - 2014
internet. Co the do a tiem internet sit dung mang xa hoi phai Ira tien va khfing gian sit dving khong thoai mai.
Dang ngac nhiSn la co ten 58,6% s6' sinh vi6n su diing mang xa hdi or moi noi da danh trSn 8 gift m6i ngay de sit dijng mang xa hpi, trong khi do chi co 36,2% sinh vien co sti diing mang xa hoi it nha danh 8 tie'ng mdi ngay, 6 tiem internet la 8,6% va 6 noi lam viec la 3,8%.
6. Thcrt gian sinh vien s i dung mang xa hoi
6 day, quan tam t6i hai khfa canh: thoi dilm nao trong ngay dupc sinh vien ding di truy cSp mang xa hpi nhieu nhat va sinh vien mat/danh bao nhieu gic(
trong mpt ngay cho mang xa hoi.
Ket qua (xem bieu do 5) cho tha'y, ty le thcfi diem sinh vien sii dijng mang xa hpi tang dSn theo tien trinh th6i gian trong ngay: ft sir dung nha't vao buoi sang, tang nhe vao budi trua, tang nhieu hon vao budi chilu va tang dat bie'n vao budi tdi (tang gip 4 ISn so v6i budi chieu va gSn 8 ISn so vdi budi sang). Dieu nay cho thay then gian sir ditng mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien chii ye'u ngoai giof hpc chfnh tai trUcfng. Tuy nhien, budi tdi (26,6%) va ban dem (11%) la liic cSn hpc bai va nghi ngoi sau mot ngay hoat dpng thi ty 16 sinh vien sii diing mang xa hpi vSn kha cao.
Ke't qua nay cung gan vdi ke't qua nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia khac [3], [7]. Viec sinh vien sir dijng mang xa hpi tir tdi thau dem la mpt trong nhirng chi bao ve tfnh cha't gay nghien cua mang xa hpi ddi vdi sinh vien va khi ho sir dling lien tuc nhieu thdi gian.
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Dem Bai ki;
Bieu do 5: Thdi diem sit dimg mgng xa hdi trong ngdy ciia sinh vien That sir dang chu y la cd tdi 59% sinh vien sit dung mang xa hpi vao bat cii thdi diem nao trong ngay, tiic la bat cii khi nao cam tha'y thfch hay mudn, hay cd CO hoi. Nhu vay, cd mpt lupng ldn sinh vien cd sir tir do/thoai mai ve th6i gian, ve hanh vi sii dling mang xa hpi, khOng theo khoang thdi gian cd djnh, dSn de'n khd kie'm soat thdi gian sir dung mang xa hpi ciia minh.
TAPCHITAMUyHOC, S6'8 (185), H - 2014
De' tim hi^u cac ye'u td cd lien quan de'n thdi di^m su dung mang xa hdi cua sinh vien, da thuc hien kiem nghiem Chi-square giiia thdi diem sir dung mang xa hpi vdi cac bie'n ddc lap la gidi tfnh, nam hoc, tinh thanh va dang sd'ng ciing ai.
TTieo gidi tfnh, khdng cd su khac biet giira nam va nii sinh vien trong viec sir dung mang xa hdi vao cac thdi diem trua (p = 0,44), chi^u (p = 0,23), dem (p = 0,058), bat cii liic nao (p = 0,4), nhung cd su khac biet vao budi sang (p = 0,007) va td'i (p = 0,007), cu the, cd 2,7% nir sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi vao budi sang, nam sinh vien con sd a'y la 4,3%; vao budi td'i, ty le nam la 24%, nQ la 28,8%. Tuy nhien, su chenh lech nam, nif sir dung mang xa hpi vao buoi sang va td'i nhu vay la khong nhieu, tiic mang xa hpi cd siic cudn hiit vdi ca nam va nil sinh vien v^ thdi di^m sir dung.
Theo nam hoc, khdng xay ra sir khac biet ve thdi diem sir dung mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien vao cac thdi di^m sang (p = 0,61), trua (p = 0,05), chieu (p = 0,57), dem (p = 0,198), nhung tdi va ba't k^ liic nao la hai thdi di^m thu hiit lupng ldn sinh vien sir dung mang xa hdi nhieu lai co mdi lien he vdi viec hp la sinh vien nam thii ma'y, cu th^, vao budi tdi (p = 0,00), ty le sinh vien cac nam thii nhat, nam thii hai, nam thii ba va nam cudi cd sir dung mang xa hpi Mn lupl la 21,7%, 31%, 27,7% va 23,6%. Ty le sinh vien cac nam thii nha't, nam thii hai, nam thii ba va nam cudi thudng sir dung mang xa hdi vao bat ke luc nao (p = 0,002) lan lupt la 61,5%, 55,2%, 59,2%, 62,4%. Co the tha'y miic dp chenh lech giiia cac nam la khong qua ldn.
Nhu vay, ciing nhu xu hudng ciia gidi tfnh, viec la sinh vien nam thii ma'y khdng gay tac dpng qua nhi^u den thdi diem sii dung mang xa hdi trong ngay cua sinh vien.
Bdng 2: Ty le sinh vien cdc tinh thdnh sddung mgng xd hoi vdo cdc thdi diem trong ngdy (%)
Tinh Ihanh
Hii Noi Hill Phong Vinh Hu«
Da NSng H6 Chf Minh
Sang
20,1 13,2 15,3 22,9 11,8 16,7
Trua
21,3 16,7 14,0 20,0 7,3 20,7
Chieu
20,7 17,0 10,0 25,2 10,7 16,3
Toi
25,1 13,0 10,0 16,1 11,8 23,9
Dem
15,4 7,5 13,4 22,4 14,3 27,0
Bat ke luc niio 23,1
17,0 19,3 7,4 19,4 13,8 Vdi p > 0,05, khdng thay cd mdi lien he giu'a sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi vao budi sang, buoi trua va bu6i chi^u vdi viec hp dang d ciing ai. Tuy nhien di^u do lai ngupc vdi cac thdi diem khac, tiic la co md'i lien he co y nghTa thd'ng ke giiia viec sir dung mang xa hpi vao budi tOl (p = 0,002 < 0,05), ban dem (p = 0,0 < 0,05) va bat k^ luc nao (p = 0,0 < 0,05). Cd tdi 51,5% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi
TAPCHfTAMLyHpC,Sd8(185).8-2014
vao budi td'i la dang sd'ng ciing ban be, trong khi dd chi cd 21,2% dang sdng cung cha me. Tuong tu, co tdi 58,2% sinh vien sii dung mang xa hdi vao ban dem la dang sdng ciing ban be, trong khi dd chi cd 17,1% dang sd'ng cung cha me. Ben canh do, chi co 28,7% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi vao bat ky thdi di^m nao trong ngay la dang sdng ciing cha me, trong khi cd tdi 44,7% sinh vien sd dung mang xa hdi vao ban dem la dang sd'ng cung ban be. Dilu nay cho tha'y viec sinh vien sir dung mang xa hdi chju anh hudng kha ldn tii ban be, ttr su tu do ca nhan va tu sir thie'u kiem soat cua cha me.
Ke't qua nghien ciiu cung cho bie't giiia cac tinh thanh dupc nghien cuu co su khac biet ve ty 16 sinh vien sir dung mang xa hdi vao cac thdi di^m khac nhau trong ngay (xem bang 2), cu the, sinh vien Ha Npi, sinh vien thanh phd Hd Chf Minh va sinh vien Hue cd mirc dp sir dung mang xa hdi vao cac budi nhilu hcfti so vdi sinh vien d Hai Phdng, Vinh va Da Nang.
15
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DircTi 1 gia I ir I gi(> - dufti 2 giii
ir 2 gio - sdi 3 gio
"rCr 3 gio -
du^i 5 gia dLToi 8 gift
Bieu do 6: Sdgid sinh vien si'f dung mgng xd hdi irong ngdy (%) Khao sat luong thdi gian trong ngay sinh vien sii dung mang xa hpi dupc dua ra 6 mdc gid nhu: dudi 1 gid; tir 1 - dudi 2 gid; tir 2 - dudi 3 gid, tii 3 - dudi 5 gid, tir 5 - dudi 8 gid va tren 8 gid. Ke't qua thu dupc (bieu do 6) cd 33% sd sinh vien moi ngay "ngdn" mat ciia ho tit 3 de'n dudi 5 gid; chi co 3% sir dung dudi mpt gid va cung cd den 7% sir dung tren 8 gid mpt ngay cho mang xa hdi. Con sd 7%
sinh vien sir dung tren 8 gid/ngay la dang bao ddng ve mpt trong nhiing nguy co nghien mang xa hoi trong sinh vien. Ket qua nay cd phan khac vdi mot sd khao sat khac|7|, J8].
Tim hieu mdi lien he giua gidi tfnh va sd gid sir dung mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien, vdi p = 0,00 < 0,05, nhan tha'y gidi ti'nh la nam (56,9%) hay nir (43,1%,) co anh hudng den sd gid tham gia mang xa hdi. Nhin chung, nam sinh vien diing
20 TAPCHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2 0 1 4
mang xa hdi nhieu ban nir sinh vien, do nam sinh vien choi game va sir dung da dang cac boat dpng Iren mang nhieu hon nii sinh vien.
Cd md'i lien he giira thdi di^m sii dung mang xa hpi va so gid sinh vien bo ra trong cac iSn truy cap trong ngay. Trong 27% sinh vien cd sir dung mang xa hdi vao budi tdi thi cd 35,4% mat khoang 2 - dudi 3 gid cho viec sir dung mang xa hpi.
Trong 11% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi vao ban dem thi cd tdi 38,1% mat ttr 3 - dudi 5 gid sir dung mang xa hdi. Trong sd 58% sinh vien cd thdi quen sir dung mang xa hpi vao bat ke liic nao thi cd tdi 10,7% trong sd dd mdi ngay mat tren 8 gid sir dung mang xa hpi.
Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien ciru cdn cho thay cd mdi lien he giiia sd gid truy cap mang xa hdi trong ngay va sinh vifin dang sd'ng ciing ai (xem bang 3).
Bdng 3: Mdi lien he giCfa sd gid sinh vien truy cap mgng xd hpi vd ngudi sdng cung
So gior sur dung mang xii hpi Dadi 1 gid Ttr 1 gid - dudi 2 gid TCr 2 gid - dudi 3 gid Tfr 3 gid - dudi 5 gid Tir 5 gid - dudi 8 gid Tidn 8 gid
Dang song ciing (%) Cha me
22,8 25,0 24,9 22,6 29,7 27,0
Mpt minh 5,0 8,4 9,0 10,1 10,8 11.7
Anh chi em 7,9 14,1 12,4 12,4 12,3 13,7
Ban be 60,4 47,7 47,7 50,0 44,5 43,0
Khac 4,0 4,8 5,9 5,0 2,7 4,7
Tdng 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Ty le ph^n tram sd sinh vien dang sdng cimg ban be sir dung thdi gian tren mang xa hpi d tai ca cac miic gid ludn cao ban so vdi ty le phSn tram sd sinh vien dang sdng ciing cha me, tire la sinh vien sdng cung cha me cd su kiem soat thdi gian sir dung mang xa hdi td't ban sinh vien sdng ciing ban be.
Viec sinh vien mat nhieu thdi gian tren mang xa hpi co the gay anh hudng xa'u de'n cupc sdng Ihuc ciia ho, lam giam ket qua hoc tap so vdi sinh vien khong sirdung [9], gay ra ma't tap trung va quan ly thdi gian kem [10|.
7. Quan he ban be tren mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien
Ngotii hpc tap, viec khong the thie'u trong ddi sdng hang ngay, ciing nhu tuong lai ciia sinh vien la thiei lap va duy tri cac md'i quan he xa hdi. O day, tim hieu sinh vien da sir dung mang xa hpi de tao dung va giir gin mdi quan he ciia ho qua sd lupng ban va sd ban ho thitdng xuyen trao ddi.
Nam 1992, nha nhan chiing hpc Robin Dunbar khi nghien ciiu ve tuang tac cho rang .sd lugng tdi da mdi quan he mgi ngifdi cd the duy iri Id 150 (con sd Dunbar). Tuy nhien tren mang xa hdi, nhd kha nang riit ngan moi khoang ci'icli.
TAP CHf TAM LV HOC. Sd 8 (185), 8-2014
ngudi dung cd the cd sd lupng ban nhieu hon. Mpt nghien cuu da chi ra sd luong ban be ly tudng tren Facebook la 302 - con sd du de ngudi diing khong cam tha'y tham hai hay qua le thupc vao ngudi khac [1 IT Trong mdt sd lieu thdng ke nam 2011, trung binh mdt ngudi sir dung Facebook cd 130 ngudi ban trong danh sach va 8 ldi mdi ke't ban giri di trong mpt thang [12].
Nghien Cliu nay da dua vao "con sd Dunbar" d^ phan dinh cac khoang lupng ban be mpt ca nhan duy tri tren trang ca nhan cua minh. Theo dd, da ehia 4 miic ban: Dudi 150 ban (so lupng ban mirc trung binh); tii 150 - dudi 300 ban (kha nhi^u ban); tir 300 - dudi 500 ban (nhieu ban); tren 500 ban (rat nhieu ban).
4 0 -
30 25- 20- 15- 10 5-
35
Dire
'^
ri 150 ban Tl 151)
18
d e n d i r o i 3 0 0 T 3 0 0 d i n dirdi 5 0 0 T 24
ir500banliolcn
Bieu do 7: Sd lirong bgn Iren mgng xd hdi ciia sinh vien (%)
Ke't qua nghien cuu o bi^u dd 7 cho tha'y, dudi 150 ban la lupng ban dupc cac sinh vien duy tri v6i ty le I6n nha't (35,4%), tiep dd la miic tren 500 ban (23,6%). Theo con so Dunbar, da phjn sinh vien duoc nghien cilu duy tri luong ban 6 mirc thong thucmg (150 ban), giong nhu so luong mO'i quan he ly tuong co th^ duy tri trong d6i thuc. Tuy nhien, co mot ty le kha Icfn sinh vien (24%) duy tri mirc ban len tiSi tren 500 ban. 6 miic tren 500 ban, co sinh vien thftng bao cd de'n 3.000 ban, tham chf 5.000 ban. Vi5i ty le sinh vien duy tri so luong ban troi hon 6 hai mile la du6i 150 va tren 500 ban, thi co ve nhu cac sinh vien co khuynh hu6ng hoac la co so luong ban vita phai hoac lii phai co that nhieu ban. Dieu do d6ng nghTa vdi vi«c myt bo phan IrJn sinh viSn xay diJng mang ludri quan he trong the' gi6i "ao" CO su gan ket vdi the gidi "thitc", trong khi mot bo phan khac dir&ng nhu mudn "phdng dai" cac quan he trong the gidi "ao". ThiJc te vdi sd lugng ban trSn mang xa hpi ddng nhu the ctia sinh vien thi chi cd th^ tdn tai dang ban vdi sfi ISn ho "Like" cho nhau ma thdi.
22 TAPCHl'TAMLyHOCSd'S (185), H -2014
O day, da thuc hien kiem nghiem Chi-square nham tim hi^u gidi tinh ciia sinh vien cd anh hudng de'n sd lupng ban tren mang xa hpi hay khdng. Vdi p = 0,00 < 0,05, tha'y rang su khac biet gidi tinh cd tac dpng den sd luong ban tren mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien.
Bdng 4: Mdi quan he gidi tinh vd sd luang bgn tren mgng xd hgi ciia sinh vien
Gidi tinh
Nam Nii
So Itrpng ban tren mang xa hpi (%) Dudi
ISO ban 38^2 61,8
Tir 150 -
< 300 ban 44,1 55,9
Tit 300-
< SOO ban 43,0 57,0
Tii 500 ban trd len
53,1 46,9
Tong
43,9 56,1 Nhin vao bang 4 tha'y, h^u nhu nii sinh vien cd sd luong ban tren mang nhi^u hon so vdi nam sinh vien. Tuy nhien, d mUc tren 500 ban, nii sinh vien lai co it ban ban nam. Dieu nay co th^ do tac dpng cua dinh kie'n ve gidi khi cho rang:
Nam gidi phai cd quan he rpng hon nir gidi, sau nay nam gidi thudng tap trung vao su nghiep, nen cin c6 nhting md'i quan he rpng, con nir gidi thudng ket than chi vdi mpt sd ngudi ban dii de ho cd the tro chuyen, chia se moi chuyen trong cupc sdng thuc cha't cac md'i quan he ban be tren mang xa hpi ciia sinh vien.
Bdng 5: Sd lugng bgn tren mgng xd hgi ciia sinh vien
So luong ban he tren mang xd hoi Clia sinh vien Dudi 150 ban Tir 150 de'n dudi 300 ban Tir 300 de'n dudi 500 ban Tren 500 ban
Sinh vien dang sdng ciing (%) Cha me
(24,7) 26,4 24,8 21,2 24,7
Mot minh (9,8)
8,8 9,6 9,3 11,6
Anh chj em (12,4)
13,6 11,9 11,5 11,6
Ban be (48,2)
45,5 47,6 53,9 48,5
Khac (5) 5,7 6.1 4.0 3,6 Ket qua (bang 5) ciing cho thay co md'i lien he cd y nghTa giiia viec sinh vien dang sd'ng cung ai vdi lupng ban be hp cd tren mang xa hpi (p < 0,05). Lupng ban tren mang xa hpi ciia nhiing sinh vien dang sdng cung ban be luon cao hon lupng ban tren mang xa hpi ciia nhiing sinh vien dang sdng cung cha me (p < 0,05).
Kha nang duy tri cac mdi quan he ban be tren mang xa hpi cua sinh vien dupc phan anh qua miic dp ihudng xuyen trao ddi giu'a hp, tiic phai "cd chuyen de'
TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2014 23
ndi", "phai nghi ra chuyen de ndi" vdi ban cua minh. Vi vay, so lupng ban thudng xuyen trao doi la chi bao cho biet miic dp thudng xuySn trao ddi giira ho.
6 day, da chia sd lucmg ban ma sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi thanh 3 miic: dudi 25 ban; tir 25 de'n dudi 100 ban va tren 100 ban. Ket qua thu duoc nhu sau: Cd de'n 46,3% sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban, 32% vdi iCr 25 den dudi 100 ban va 21,7% thudng xuyen trao doi vdi tren 100 ban. Nhu vay, sd iupng sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi tren mang ty le nghich vdi. sd ban hp co, nghTa la sinh vien cang cd nhieu ban be tren mang thi tan suat thudng xuyen trao ddi ciia ho cang it di.
Nhu d tren da trinh bay cd sir khac biet ve sd lupng ban tren mang xa hpi giua nam va nii sinh vien. 6 day, cung nhan thay gidi tinh va sd luong ban thudng xuyen trao ddi cd md'i lien he vdi nhau va cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (p = 0,002 < 0,05).
Diroi 25 ban 1 ir 25 dcii dinVi 100 ban Tren 100 bai
Bieu do 8: Ty le nam. nu vd sd luang bgn thudng xuyen trao ddi Iren mgng xd hgi
Qua bie'u dd 8 thay, nir sinh vien cd xu hudng trao ddi vdi ban be nhieu hem nam sinh vien d ca 3 miic dp ban be thudng xuyen trao doi. Nhu vay, nii sinh vien quan tam den viec duy tri lien lac vdi ban be han la nam sinh vien. Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien cuu cdn cho thay, cd mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa thdng ke giua s6' lupng ban va sd ban thudng xuyen trao ddi tren mang xa hpi, cu the, cang co nhi^u ban thl sinh vien cang trao ddi vdi nhieu ngudi (p < 0,05; r = 0,528 - tuong quan thuan va chat che).
Nhin vao hang dudi 25 ban va tren 100 ban (bang 6), ihay nhimg sinh vien CO dudi 150 ban, thi co de'n 74,9% trong sd dd thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban; trong khi chi co 3% thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi tren 100 ban. Nhung vdi nhung sinh vien cd tren 500 ban, lai tha'y chi cd 18,1% trong sd dd thudng xuyen irao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban va co tdi 54,2% trong sd dd thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi tren l(X) ban. So sanh ty le sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban d ca 3 khoang
24 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 8 ( i 85), 8 - 2014
ban be thi cd khuynh hud^g giam. So sanh ty le sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi tren 100 ban d ca 3 miic ban be thi cd khuynh hudng tang ien. Nhu vay, sinh vien ke't ban khdng don thu^n chi la de cho co ban, theo nghTa cang nhi^u ban cang tdt, ma hp cung c6 gang duy tri cac md'i quan he ban be thuc tren mang xa hpi.
Bdng 6: Tuang quan sdlu0ig bgn vd sdbgn Ihudng xuyen irao ddi tren mgng xd boi
So' lirong ban tren mang xa hoi
Dirdi 150 ban TCr 150 de'n dudi 300 ban Tir 300 ban ds'n dirdi 500 ban Tien 500 ban
Sd ban thirdng xuyen trao ddi tren mang xa hpi (%) Dudl 25 ban
74,9 41,4 29,6 18,1
Tir 25 den dirdi 100 ban
22,1 44,8 43,1 27,7
Tren 100 ban
3,0 13,8 27,3 54,2 8. Nguon thdng tin nhan biet ve mang xa hpi
Kel qua khao sal cho thay cd tdi 59% sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi do ban be mach bao. Ty le sinh vien biet ve mang xa hpi do tu tim hieu cung kha cao, chie'm 39,2%. Viec sinh vien biei ve mang xa hdi do tu tim hieu hay do ban be truyen tai la minh chimg ro ban v^ viec ngudi tre ndi chung, sinh vien ndi rieng, bi cudn hut kha manh tir loai hinh giao lie'p true tuyen nay.
Chi CO 3,7% sinh vien biet v^ mang xa hpi tir gia dinh. Day la ngudn thong tin biet ve mang xa hpi tha'p nha't trong cac ngudn thOng tin dupc xem xet. Ly giai dieu nay, co the' la do sir dung mang xa hpi co lien quan den cong nghe thong tin.
dieu khdng phai cha me nao d nudc ta hien nay cung biet, rSi khac vdi cac nudc phai trien 113). Hoac cung cd the do cac bac cha me Viet Nam lo ngai nhiing anh hucflig kh6ng tdt ciia mang xa hdi den hoc tap ciia con cai, hoac do sinh vien sdng xa each gia dinh. Ket qua khao sat cho thay chi cd 25,2% sinh vien cho biei ho dang sdng cung cha me, trong khi dang sd'ng cung ban be la 47,5%, sdng ciing anh chj cm ia 12,6%, sdng mpt minh la 9,9%, sdng cung cac ddi tupng khac la 4,9%.
Mang xa hpi di vao ddi sdng ciia sinh vien nudc ta nhu mpt trao luu co tinh hieu I'mg lay lan: smh vien cimg nhau sir dung mang xa hpi, ddng thdi chinh mang xa hdi tao ra cac trao hm, xu the khac nhau. Chang ban, hien nay cu dan mang dang "sdt"" vdi trao liru "Thanh nien nghiem tiic" dang lan rpng nhanh chong tren khiip Facebook. Dii cho cac trao luu mang y nghTa gi thi chung cung gdp phan lam cho mang .xa hpi dupc gidi tre ri tai nhau va trai nghiem ngay cang nhieu hon.
TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, So' 8 (185), 8 - 2014
9. Danh gia chung ve thtrc trang sut dung mang xa hpi cua sinh vien Kei qua khao sat ve thuc trang sir dung mang xa hpi trong sinh vien da trinh bay d tren cho phep di de'n nhifng danh gia chung nhu sau:
Mpt la, tuyet dai da so cac sinh vien Viet Nam deu sir dung mang xa hpi;
Chi cd mpt sd lupng ra't nhd, khdng dang ke, chua sir dung mang xa hpi.
Hai la, cac mang xa hdi dupc sinh vien hien nay diing nhieu ban ca theo thti tu tir cao xudng ISn lucrt la Facebook, Youtube, Google-i-, trong dd gan chin phSn mudi dung Facebook, gan hai ph5n ba dung Youtube va hon mpt nira dung Google. Day d^u la cac mang xa hdi nudc ngoai. Trong sd cac mang xa hpi Viet Nam chi cd ZingMe co lupng sinh vien sir dung nhieu ban ca, nhung so vdi cac mang xa hpi nudc ngoai thi van kha khiem tdn vdi ty le sinh vien cd sir dung khOng qua hai phan nam. Cac mang xa hpi it dupc sinh vien Viet Nam sir dung nha't la Printerest, Friendfeed, Linkedin, MySpace va chi dat mpt con sd ra't nho, tren dudi hai phan tram.
Ba la, noi dupc nhieu sinh vien sd dung mang xa hpi nhat la d nha, chiem de'n mpl nua sd sinh vien duoc khao sat va tie'p den, cd tdi hai ph^n ba sinh vien cho biet hp sir dung mang xa hpi d mpi noi. Noi it dupc sinh vien truy cap mang xa hpi nha't la tai trudng hpc, khdng de'n mpt phSn mudi trong sd hp va it nha't la noi lam viec, ra't ft, khdng dang ke lam.
Bdn la, sinh vien su dung mang xa hpi vao budi td'i va dem nhieu ban vao budi sang, trua va chieu. So sinh vien sir dung mang xa hdi vao budi td'i chie'm hcfn mdt phdn tu, vao budi dem han mpt phan mudi. Di^u that su dang chii y la co tdi ba phan nam so hp sir dung mang xa hpi vao bat cii thdi diem nao trong ngay. Viec sinh vien sir dung mang xa hpi chiu anh hudng kha ldn lis ban be ciia hp.
Nam la, ve thdi gian sir dung mang xa hpi mdi ngay, cd de'n mpt phdn ba sd sinh vien "ngdn" mat tCr 3 - dudi 5 gid; chi cd mpt so ra't nhd mat dudi 1 gid va gap doi sd dd mat tren 8 gid. Ket qua nghien ciiu cdn cho tha'y cd mdi lien he gifia sd gid truy cap mang xa hpi trong ngay va ngudi sinh vien dang sdng ciing.
Sau la, dudi 150 ban la lupng ban dupc tren mpt phan ba sinh vien duy tri (ty le ldn nha't), tiep dd cd den gan mpt phdn tu sd sinh vien duy tn mdc tren 500 ban; miic tir 150 - dudi 300 ban co lupng sinh vien gan nhu vay duy tri va tha'p nha't la mirc tu 300 - dudi 500 ban, chi gan mpt phan nam sd sinh vien theo dudi.
Tuy nhien, cd mpt ty le kha ldn sinh vien duy tri mirc ban len tdi tren 500 ban.
Bay la, cd de'n gan mdl nira sd sinh vien thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban, khoang mpt phan ba trong hp trao ddi vdi tir 25 - dudi 100 ban, hon mpt phSn nam vdi tren 100 ban. Cd md'i tuang quan chat, thuan giiia sd lupng ban va ^6 ban thudng xuyen trao ddi tren mang xa hpi. Cang cd nhieu ban thi sinh vien cang trao ddi vdi nhi^u ngudi trong so dd.
26 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd 8 (185), 8 - 2014
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguydn Hai Nguyen, Mgng xd ligi: Mdnh ghep niiOng mdng ddi, Tnrcmg Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hpi & Nhfin van thanh ph5 H6 chi Minh, http://giaoduc.net.vn/Ban-doc/Nong-tren- niang/Mang-xa-hoi-Manh-ghep-nhung-mang-doi-postI04109.gd, Truy cap ngay 19/7/2013, 2012.
2. Nguyen Thi Le Uyen, Mgng xd iigi: Mdnh ghep nhifng mdng doi, Vien Nghien ciiu phat irien ihanh pho Ho chi Minh, http://giaoduc.net.vn/Ban-doc/Nong-tren-mang/Mang-xa-hoi- Manh-ghep-nhung-mang-doi-postl04l09.gd, Truy cap ngay 19/7/2013, 2012.
3. Hoang Thi Hal Yen, Trao ddi thong tin tren mang xd hoi cua gidi ire Viel Nam tif ndm 2010 den ndm 20JI • Thuc trgng va gidi plidp, Tnrcfng Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hpi & Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, 2012.
4. hnp://kenhl4.vn/2-tek/lI-website-khung-nhat-Ihe-gioi-20130207ll4344885.chn, II website
"kliiing" nhdt the gidi, Truy cap ngay 07/02/2013.
5. Minh Nguyet, Top 5 mgng xd iigi pho bien nhdt Viel Nam hien nay, http://soha.vn/cong- ngheAop-5-mang-xa-hoi-pho-bien-nhat-viel-nam-hien-nay- 2012111224042614.htiTi, Truy cap ngay 09/8/2013.
6. Thu Hien, Mgng xd iwi d Viet Nam tim dudng phdt trien, http://www.
thesaigontimes.vn/Home/congnghe/muonneo/60999/, Truy cap ngay lAfll^O 13.
7. Tlidng ke vc nhu cdu sif dung mgng xd hgi ciia ZingMe (2010), Phong Van hoa - Xa hoi thu6c Vi^n Nghifin ciiu phat triln thanh pho Ho chi Minh va To chu'c Mang xa hpi cua Viet Nam ZingMe, Iai 149 Pasleur, Vi6n Nghien cuu phat trien thanh phd H6 chi Minh.
8. Tiffany A. Pempek, Yevdokiya A. Yermolayeva, Sandra L. Calvert, College sHicients' social networking experiences on Facebook, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30,227-238,2009.
9. Tliai Dinh Hung, Mgng xd hgi Facebook vii nlurng iin khuyen clio cdc ban sinh vien, hllp://liUi.edu.vn/phong-cong-lac-hssv/688-m%El%BA%Aing-x%C3%A3-h% El'7(BB%99i- facebook-v%C3%A0-nh%EI%BB%AFng-l%El%BB%9Di-khuy%C3%Aan-cho-c%C3%
A1 c-b%EI %BA%A 1 ii-sinh-vi%C3'% AAii, Truy cap nghy 23/7/2013.
10. Daria J. Kuss, Mark D. Griffiths, E.vce.ssive online social networking. Can adolescents become addicted lo Facebook', Education and Health 29, 68 - 7 1 , 2011.
11. Uyen Huynh (Dich lirPsychology Today), Co qud nliieu hgn tren Facelmok'-' Bao nhien id dii? http://vjetpsy.com/2013/06/09/qua-nhieu-ban-be-tren-facebook/, Truy cQp ngay 23/7/
2013,
12. hnp://www.hdomo\.com/Nhiing'SO-fieu-dung'kiiili-ngac-ve-Facelwok-dau-nani-2i)\ 1/76/
.S907487.epi, Nhfrng so liSu dang kinh ngac ve Facebook nam 2011, Ngay dang 21/3/2011.
13. Vo Hidn (Tlieo PCWorld), Nguin dimg inlernet ngdy cdng "sa Idy" vao mgng .\d hoi, hltp://dantri.com.vn/c25/sl l9-4l2903/nguoi-dung-inlemel-ngay-cang-sa-lay-vao-mang-xa- hoi.htm. Truy cflp ngSy 23/7/2013.
TAP CHl TAM LV HOC. Sd' 8 (185), 8 - 2 0 1 4 27
