VIEtJ DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI BIA L'i' VIET NAM
THUC VAT DAO BACH LONG VY
Nguyen Huu Tii', Viro'ng Hdng Nhcit',
SUMMARY
Plants in Bach Long Vy Island
Plants in the area had been classify in 3 divisions. 101 families, 266 genera, 365 species (or subspecies, varietas, forma), in which natural plants (forci) had been classify in 2 divisions (Polypodiophyla, Angiospennae),64 families. 166 genera, 225 species.
Mean features of flora: 9 species of Polypodiophyla (4%), 216 species of Angiospennae (96%): proportion of species' Dicotyledones and Monocotyledones:2,9/l: average species per genus: 1,3: average species/family: 3,5: average genera/family: 2,6: qiianlily of species' 10 families in species mosl:l39 (61,8%): richest family: Poaceae with 39 species (l7,3%o); genera
rich in species most: Eiinbrislylis (8 species), Digitaria (5), Cyperus (4), Sida (4), Telrasligma (4), Amaranthus (3), Cynanchiim (3), Ccipparis (3), Ipomoea (3), Canavalia (3), Hedyolis (3), Celtis (3), Pycreus (3), Setaria (3), Panicum (3): 2 species in Vietnam Red data book:2 new species jor Vietnam flora; life-forme spectra: phanerophyles (33,3%), phamaephyles (13,8%)), hemiciyplophytes (21,8%), cryptophytes (8,0%)), therophytes (21,3%) and indeterminable .species (2,2%); 14 phylogeographic elements: tropical Asia (23,1%), paleotropical (17,8%o) .newtropical and circum tropical (13.3%), wide disposing (8,0%)). India (7,1%), modern migrant (4,4%)), Asia (4%), Hainan-Taiwan-Philippines (3,1%).South China (2,7%), East Asia (2,2%), Indochina (l,8%>), endemic (1,8%)), Indonesia-Malaysia-Ocean Australia (0,9%), North temperate (0,4%o) cmd indeterminable species (9,3%). 329 useful species make up 90% of toted with number speciea in following groups: vegetable plants (58). spice (25), fruit tree (24), dringk (14), food crops (13), food-stuff crops (15), colorant (4), wood (57), livestock food (97), medieinal(240), ornamental (68).
Actual vegetation are devidecl described on structure and composition as following: a) in the tidal region : I. grass-land on sand beach, 2. mangrove, 3. grass-land on maddy soils; b) in the edge d island: 4. grass-land on mobile sand. 5. second scrub-land on fixed sand, 6. scrub-land on rock area; c) in the alluvial terraces:/, second scrub-land on the archaic alluvium, 8. second grass-land on the archaic alluvium, 9.second scrub-land and grass-land on the sand created by wind; el) in the slope and top of hill: 10. second scrub-land on the sandstone. 11, second grass-land on the sandstone; e) plantation: 12. planted forest, 13. cultivated crops in the residential area.
D A T V A N D E
T h u c vat ctdo Bach Long Vy dugc chung tdi dieu tra trong nhung ndm 1993-1994, 2006 theo cdc p h u o n g phap truyen thdng nhu khdo sat, thu thap man, md td can tnie tham theo cac tuyen, dieu tra trong dan. He thue vat, tai nguyen thue vat vd thdm thue vat d u g c trinb bay d dang khdi qudt. La mdt ddo nhd cd mot vj tri quan trgng ve qudc phdng, kinh te nen viec sir dung hgp ly tdi nguyen thuc vat ed y nghia quan trgng nham dam bao d u g c sire khde ngudi dan tren ddo, gdp phan tbiet thiie trong phdng ve, tao mdi trudng dn djnh ngudn Igi tluiy san. Trong t u o n g lai, khi d i d i mao ddo thay ddi manh me, khoa hgc ky thuat lien bd hon, cac tu lieu ve thi,i'c vat cua ddo h i d i nay se la co' sd quan trgng trong nghien ciru sau ban va ung dung tdt ban tham thiJC vat vao ddi sdng.
' Vien Dia ly
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan quoc lan tb& 5 - Ha Ndi, 2010 1035
VIEN BIA LY '.'lEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI D I A LY VIET NAM
\. SO LUOC ^ E DIEU KIEN TU"NHIEN - XA HOI
Ddo cd didi tich 2,5-4km" phu thude vdo muc nude trieu, vdi tga do dja ly 20'07-35""-20'08"36""VB, 107"42"42""-107''44"15""KD, cd hinh tam giac, vdi hinh th'l Id mdt doi cao 61,5m, tu 15-20m trd len la phdn sudn vd dinh ddc >25", phin thip Id cdc bdc thIm biln tuong doi bing, ven bien Id dun eat, bai cat, bdi bien tro dd gdc [10],
Ddo thugc khu vuc khi hdu nhiet ddi gid miia cd miia ddng kanh, nura he vdi nhiet do (f'C) trung binh nam 23,3"C, miia ddng tir thang Xll-111 (T"C; 16,8-18,9V), miia he lu IV-XI (22.3-28,7"), bien do nhid ndm 1 1 , 9 ^ , lugng mira (P) trung binh nam 1127min. thip hon lugng hoc hai (piche, 1461min), mua khd dai 5 thdng (XI-111) triing vdi miia ddng. khd khic nghid vdi 5 thdng khd trong do cd 1 thang ban (thdng XII;
r=18.9"C. P=l 8.5mm) [5,9]. Vdi sinh khi ban nhiet ddi hoi khd, cbe do nhiet thien vl d nhid ddi (cd ldi 2 thdng lanh, 2 thdng ret, bien do nhiet nam >IO"C), cd the tren dao trudc khi con ngudi khai thdc eld tdn tiii kieu rung nguyen sinh rung Id tuong tu nku d vimg khd Son Ddng. Luc Ngan thude Ddng Bdc Viet Nam vdi cdc lodi uu the trong hg Fanaceae (De). Altingiaceae (Td hap). Bombacaceae (Gao), Ilypericaceae (Ban). Gid manh (tcic do Irung binh 7.1m/s) thjnh hdnh theo hudng Ddng Bdc da tao nen Cede vat cdt o do cao 10-20m tcii sudn ddng ciia ddo vdi do day tir l-6m. Dun cat eat di ddng chi cd o Tdy Nam ddo, chiu tcdc ddng ciia gid Nam vdi tdc do nhd ban so vdi gid Ddng Bdc.
Do ddo nhd cd lugng mua tap trung vdo thdi doan ngan nen cdc sdn pham phong hoa trdi true liep xudng bien cung nhu do ddc ldn lai qua mdt thdi ky canh tdc nen dit feralil vdng xdm tren edl bdt ket Neogen (N|.2blv) d sudn vd dinh ed tang mdng (<50cm). ngheo. chua lan nhieu sdi san, thanh phan ca gidi cat pha den thjt nhe. Tren them bien cao 10m (ludi Pleisloeen), cao 5m (tudi Holocen), ddt xdm Iren phii sa cd, ddy 50-1 OOcm. cd thdnh phdn co' gidi thjt nhe - thjt trung binh; cldi xdm phdt Iridn Iren edl toi bd rdi tuong ddi mjn, mdu vdng xdm, ddy >100cm; ddt xdm ngcip nude vdo miia mua tren dja hinh trung, dcdy 50-1 OOcm, d do sdu 20-30cm ed tang giay mdu xdm, tren be mat cd Idp mini, bd thuc vat mdu den day vai cm. Ven bd bien, tren dun cdi hat thd, rdi rac, cao l-2ni d phia Tdy Nam, ldp ddt mat khdng ed; tren cdc bai da lan san hd rdng khodng vdi met, ngap nude bien khi cd trieu cue dai hay khi cd bao, ddt xdm mdng 10-20cm chi xudt hidi d mdt sd diem. 0 bdi trieu, ddt cat ngap Iridu phdn bd d bd Nam; ddi man su vet chi tdn tai trong cdc khe dd d phia Ddng Bac vd Bac. ihanh mdt vat hep. Ve ca bdn, tren phdn ddo ndi, nen ddt ed tdng mdng, thcdnh phdn co gidi nhe, thoat nude nhanh, tich nude kem, khdng thudn lgi ebo thuc vat sinh trirdng.
Vdo cudi dai trung sinh, khu vuc ddo co ban la luc dja; sang Neogen (tii' 23,3- 1.806 trieu nam Irirdc day), trong thdi ky Mioeen mucin - Pliocen sdm (NpNiblv, khoang trdi dudi 5,332 trieu nam trude day), cbl do luc dia kieu dim liy chau thd thdng trj. tiio nen tram tich hidi Id ra tren ddo ddy khocdng 230m [10]. Vdo Ihl Mioeen giiia vd mudn (hon 5,332 trieu ncdm trudc day), khu virc Bach Long Vy (30x40km, tuong ddi ddc lap) cd rung d nhiet ddi im (\'di uu Ihl Quercus aff. lobbii, Diospyros brachysepalu ngodi ra cd Eicus beuuveriei, F. lanceolula. Ficiis sp., Vlmiis carpinoides. U. longifolia. Acer hilgendorfi. A. tricuspiduluin, Arlocarpiis sp., Rhus iriphylla. Populus balsamoides, Carya sp., .luglans sp., Laiirophyllum sp.l, Neolilsea manifica. Cinnamomum cL lanceolulum) ndm d phia Tay vimg hd-dim liy rdng Idn;
phia Ddng ddo Id khu wye dcdt thip ven biln. Trong hd-dim liy cd tham thuc vat vdi cac lodi trong Ccdc kg Poaceae, Saliaeeae, Ckisiaceac. Trong thi Pliocen (5,332-1,806 trieu
1066 Hdi nghi KJioa hgc Dia ly Toan qud'c ldn th&S- Ha Not 2010
VIEW m.\ LY • V I E N KHOCN VIET NAM HGI S I A LY VIET NAM
ndm trudc day), khu vuc Bach Long Vy kai cd rung a nhiet ddi dm (uu the ciia Quercus lanlenoisi, Q. hoiinieri, Fagus ck sluxhergii, Phoebe pseudoleuiceolala) canh bien (phia Ddng), phia Tdy Id ddng bdng chdu thd, phia Bdc Id vimg ddt thdp ven bien; dao Hdi Nam vdn Id cao nguydi vd mil tdch ra khdi Bcich Long Vy bdi bien. Rirng ndy dugc thay the djnh ky bdi rirng ddm lay hay dam kiy vdi Ccdc lodi cdy gd Hat Iran nhu Glyploslrobiis cf. carinulus, Melasequaiu sp., Tcixus aff buccutu, Pinus sp.; cdc lodi Duong xi Angiopleris sp,. Pecopteris loiemgensi.s; edc lodi Hai Id mdm tim thdy deu Id cdc lodi chju khd ban [3|. Theo ldi lidi kbdc [10] ihi trong tram tich eiia ddo cdn cd hda thach eiia ede edy gd nlur Quercus queriifoliu, Cuslunopsis sp., Lilseu magnijica.
Persea indicu, Cinnamomum cf polymorphum; trong cdc ddm Idy cd hda thach Potamogeluni sp., Phrugmites cochinchinensis; di tich bdo tu phdn hoa ciia cdc cdy gd (lodi hay trong chi, hg) .Abies, Tuxodireri, Alnus orientalis, Quercus infecloriu, Corniis cf uuslralia, Nyssu sp., Polygulu sp., Casluneu sp., Palmae, Proteaeeac, Sapotaeeae, ciia cdc lodi Duo'iig xi Sphugniim sp., Sellaginellu cf relrigera, Lygodium sp.. Vdo cudi Neogen, chuyen ddng kien tao da ndng ddo Ihdnh ddi mii phan dj vdi Ining thdp ke can va sau dd tro' thdnh ddo ddc lap tren bii;n.
Trong Pleistocen nliic;u Idn bidi lien, bien thodi vdi bien do hdng trdm met [4], ddo nhieu kin Id bd phan cua ddt liiin (lu Ddng Bde den ldn ddo Hdi Nam) cho den pha bien thodi cudi cimg (khodng 14-17 ngdn nam trude day). Sau dd Id bien liln dd tcdeh ra thdnh ddo ddc lap tren bien. Trong Holocen ciing cdn cd nhieu ldn bien tien, bien thodi nhung ehi Idm ddo rdng ra hay hep kai. Thdm thue vat tren dcdo trong Pleistocen phdt trien tu thdm da ed trong giai doim trudc Id rung vdi uu the eiia Ccdc lodi trong hg Fagaceae, Lauraceae thich irng vdi khi hdu lanh dm nhu kbu vuc Ddng Bdc. Nhung tu khi Ird thdnh ddo ddc lap, lugng mua gidm siit, khi ban khd ddn, ddo nhd tich nude kem, cdc lodi thich ung vdi am ddn mat di, cae lodi chju khd ban dan uu the. Trong thdm tlurc vat hien lai khdng tim tludy mdl lodi cdy gd ndo trong cdc chi da cd mat trong rirng d ddo trong giai dociii Neogcn. Cd the mot phan do eon ngudi khai phd niurng khai phd den mire khdng cdn cay chdi hay cay con tdi sinh tu hat gidng ciing Id dieu khd .xdy ra.
Trudc nam 1920, Iren dao khdng cd ngudi sinh sdng. Khi tim dugc ngudn iiu'dc, ddn ra sinh sdng. Ndm 1957, sd dan trdi ddo ed 258 ngirdi sdng clui yeu bdng nghe ddnh cd (I I Ihiiyen, 2 tdu ddnh ed) ngodi ra cdn trdng trgt tren didi ticli khodng 22 ha. Mdt sd edy luong tlurc, llurc phdm da dugc gdy trdng nhu Liia chdn vji. Cao luo'ng, Dua hdu, Dau lain, Mit, B; dd, Bi dao, Rau cdi, Rau mudng ... 44idm tlurc vat bj khai thdc thudng xuyen de lay ciii vd gd. Tu ndm 1965-1992, dan so' tdn ve ddt lien, tren dao chi cd lire lugng vii trang (khodng vdi trdm ngudi). Luo'ng tlurc, tlurc phdm cung cdp clui yeu tir ddt lien. Ddo ehi tir cung cdp mdl phdn rau xanh vdo miia mua. Trong thdi gian chien tranh, vat lieu xdy dung nhd eua thd so', chat ddt, deu lay tii' dao. Ddo eon bj tac ddng manh ciia bom dan. Thdm thuc Vcdt bj phd buy manh trong thdi gian ludy. Rung hi mdt, Ihay ihe bdng trdng cay bui, trdng cd. Sau ndm 1975, nhd cira mdt phdn dugc kien cd bod, chat ctdt (than) da dugc cung cdp mdt phdn. Thdm thue vat vdn bi khai thdc lien tuc, khdng cd thai gian de phuc hdi. Den nam 1993, tinh ttcing thieu nude vd rau xanh vao miia khd van tram trgng. Tir ndm 1993, huyen ddo dugc thdnh lap, sd ngudi tren ddo ngdy cdng tdng. Tir nam 2000, da cd tren ngdn ngudi sdng thudng xuyen clui yeu bing nghe dich vu vd 1-2 ngdn ngudi vdng lai (cd cdu cang nam 1998). Hdng loat ede cdng trinh nhd d, dirdng Scd, cdng trinh quan sij' dugc kien cd hod. Mot lugng ldn luang thuc, tlurc pbam, chat ddt (than, ga), ran dirge cung cap tir dat lien. Cdc cay trdng
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 1067
VIEN DIA LY • ^^IEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI BLA LY 'VIET NAM
nhit Id cdc cd> canh. cdy bdng mill dugc di tlurc ra ddo. Tu nam 2006, nude ngam ting sau (do sau 100 m. luu lugng > 2 lit/s [11]), dugc khai thac khoang 300 m'Vngdy, dii cho nhu ciu sinh boat cua khdi dan chinh (tuong duang vdi lugng nura 43,8inin cung cap cho loan ddo). Tren bac thIm cao 12m, mdt gieng sau 4-5m, rdng 70m, dai 100m x 4-5 m. do sdu) dugc hinh thdnh de tich nude mua. Nude mira cdn dugc luu giu' trong cdc bl xi mang. Nude thai trong sinh boat dirge tap trung theo cdc ranh xi mang vdo cdc ho chira dimg tudi rau. Ddi nam 2006, rung trdng ed 50 ha rirng Phi lao tren bac them cat (12 m, va d dinh) da khep tan. Viec dimg than, khi ga, ban cbe chat dot tir thuc vat ciing vdi ngudn nude ngam, ngudn nude mua tich tru phan nao giup cho tham thijc vat dan hoi phiJC. Nbung vdo nam khd ban (2006), nude sinh boat van thieu, khdng ddp irng dugc cho cdc tdu ddnh ca, ehl bien hai sdn. Lugng rau tai dao tuy dii cung cap nhung chiing loai cdn don gidn, chat lirgng thdp. Cdc cay luang thuc, tlurc pham, cho qua, nhudm cdn ngheo nan. Viec cung cap rau, qua cho cac tau khong dap iing dugc.
D I phat trien kinh te dao, viec phdt trien, su dung, hgp ly ngudn tdi nguyen thuc vat. tdng do die plui ciia thdm de dn djnh ngudn nude, cac he sinh thai Id mdt cdng viec cin ibid, kdu ddi, cdn dua tren cdc co sd khoa hgc ve thue Vcdt, sinh thai hgc.
2. DAC DIEM THUC VAT, TAI NGUYEN THlTC VAT a. He thuc vat
Thue vat bde cao d ddo Bach Long Vy cd 365 loai ciia 266 chi, trong 101 bg thugc 3 ngdnb Polypodiophyla (Duo'ng xi), Gymnospermae (Flat Iran) vd Angiospennae (Hat kin).
Thuc vat tu nhien chi cd dai dien thude 2 nganh Dirong xi. Hat kin trong 64 hg, thugc 166 chi vdi 225 loai, trong dd 1 loai cay trdng mgc hoang dai nhung khdng sir dung trong trdng trgt; Lablab pupiireus subsp. pupureus (Dau van), 3 loai cay tu nhien eiia ddo duge gay trdng; Calharanthus roseus (Diia can), Terminalia catappa (Bang), Scaevola taccada (Hep), 9 loai cay trdng nhung cung cd dang mgc hoang dai;
Amaranthus caudatus (Den dudi chdn), Celosia argentea (Mao ga dudi luan), Artemisia vulgaris (Ngdi ciru), Opuntia dillemi (Xuong rdng ba), Kalanchoe pinnala (Thude bdng), Ricinus communis (Thau dau), Puerraria montana var. chinensis (Sin da\'). Agave sp. (Dira sgi), Paspalum conjugalum (Cd cdng vien). Lodi cay trdng lau ddi dirge trdng tren ddo 149 loai (140 lodi khdng cd dang hoang dai, 9 lodi cd mgc hoang dai) cdng vdi 3 lodi tii' nhien gay trong nang tdng sd cay trdng len 152/365 lodi ciia ddo, cd the ddp irng phan ndo nhu cau cudc song.
He thue vat thieu cac loai thugc nganh Psilophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Hat trin. Nganh Duang xi chi cd 9 loai chilm 4% sd loai; nganh Hal kin cd 216 loai chilm 96%. Ty le so loai ciia ldp Hai la mim/ldp Mdt Id mim Id 2,9, thcip ban so vdi he thirc vat Viet Nam vd cac he thuc vat cua cae khu vuc kbdc d Viet Nam.
Trung binh mdi chi cd 1,3 loai; mdi hg cd 3.5 loai va 2,6 chi gin tuong tu voi dac diem eiia he thirc vdt vimg khd ban Ninh Thuan-Binh Thudn [2].
Cac hg cd nhilu lodi gdm; Poaceae cd 39 loai; Cyperaceae, 19 loai; Fabaceae 'gdm ba chan hg, Dau. Vang, Trinh nu'i, 16 loai; Asteraceae. 16 loai; Asclepiadaceae,
II lodi; EuDhorbiaceae. 9 lodi; Malvaceae, 9 lodi; Verbenaeeae. 8 loai; Capparaceae, 6 'oai; Rubiaeeae, 6 loai; Moraceae, 5 loai; Vitaceae, 5 ioai; Amarantaceae, 5 lodi;
^°^^ Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S-Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN 01A LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOT © l A LY VIET NAM
Cclastraceae, 4 ludi; Convolvulaccae, 4 loai; Solanaceac, 4 loai. iVlgt sd hg ed 3 lodi;
hdu h d cdc hg cd 2 hay i lodi. 10 hg giau lodi nhat cd 139 lodi (chiem 61,8% so lodi ciia ddo). Hg Flda thdo gidu lodi nhdt cd 39 lodi chiem 17,3% sd lodi. Cdc hg gidu lodi cua he tlurc vat Viet Nam nlur Orchidaceae (klidng cd loai ndo d ddo), Fagaceae, Acanthaceae, Lauraceae khdng cd mat trong nhdm 10 hg gidu lodi ciia ddo.
Cdc chi nhieu lodi; Plmbristylis, 8 lodi; Digitaria, 5 lodi; Cyperus, 4 lodi; Sicia, 4 lodi;
Tetrcisligmu. 4 lodi; 10 chi ed 3 lodi; Amaranlhiis, Cyiianchwn, Ccipparis, Ipomoea, Cana\>aliu, Hedyolis, Cellis, Pycreus, Seluriu, Puniciim; cdc chi con lai chi cd 2 hay 1 lodi.
Ndi chung, can Inic hi? thuc vat cd nhung ddc diem ddc trung cho mdt khu vuc cd dien tich hep, diciu kien sinh thdi khdng thudn Igi ebo thuc vat phdt trien vd da bi khai thad qud mirc.
Thuc viit ddo cd 2 lodi thude Sdch dd V i d Nam; Argiisia argentea (L.f.) Fleine, ihudc cap VU; Lumnilzera lillorea (.lack) Voigt, thugc cap VU.
2 lodi bd sung cho danh luc thuc vat Viet Nam; Glyptopelulum euonymoides Merr. (.Xdm cdnh dang chan danh), lodi ndy mai thdy phan bd d Philippin (theo Philippin Joiirnul of Science section C. Botany, Manila); Pitlosporum brevicalyx (Olive) Gagnep. (Mac chdu ddi ngdn), lodi nay cd d Nam Trung Qudc (theo hllp://www.biologie. uni-uhn. de/.syslu.x/dendrologie/pitlosbref^i'2. htm).
He thire vat cd mat eiia 3 lodi cdn nghi ngd phdn bd d Viet Nam; Hemidesmus indiciis (L.) R.Br., Telrasligniupachyphyllum (Heinsl.) Chun, Digitariasungiiinalis (L.) Scop.
Phan lieh dang sdng ciia 220 lodi (tren tdng sd 225); Phanerophyles cd 75 lodi.
chiem 33,3% tdng sd lodi; Chamaephytes, 31 loai, 13,8%o; Flemieryptophytes, 49 ioai, 21,8%; Cryptophytes, 17 lodi, 8,0%; Therophytes, 48 loai, 21,3%; khdng xac djnh 5 loai, 2,2%). Cdc dang sdng cay mdt ndm, chdi dn, chdi nira an the hien mdi trudng bat Igi chiem tdi 51,1% sd lodi.
Dua vdo tdi lieu phan tich cdc yen td dia ly thirc vat Viet Nam [i] vd Ccdp nhat cdc thdng tin ve phan bd ciia cdc lodi, phan tich yen td dia ly thue vat ciia 204 lodi (tren long sd 225) cho thdy yeu td chdu A nhid ddi cd 52 loai-23,l%>; cd nhid ddi: 40-
17.8%; tdn nhiet ddi-lien nhid ddi: 30-13,3%; phdn oo rdng; 18-8,0%; .'\n Do; 16- 7,1%; di cu hidi dai; 10-4,4%; chau A:9-4%; Hdi Nam-Ddi Loan-Philippin; 7-3,1%;
Nam Trung Qudc: 6-2,7%; Ddng A; 5-2,2%; Ddng Duong; 4-1,8%; dcde hiin cd 4-1,8%;
!ndonexia-iVlalaixia-Uc Dai Du'o'ng:2-0,9%; dn ddi bdc; 1-0,4%; chua xdc djnh 21-9,3%;
khdng ed cdc yeu td Flymalaya, Malaixia, Indonexia-fvlalaixia. Tam thdi cd the nhdn djnh; khac ban vdi cdc he thuc vat Viet Nam va cdc he llurc vat d cdc khu vire eua Viet Nam, yeu td chau .\ nhid ddi, cd nhiet ddi, tan nkid ddi-lien nhiet ddi chiem vai trd quan trgng trong he lliire vat. Dao ehi cd 4 lodi ddc huu; Cynunchum itrliculosum. trudc :vep id ddc hii'u l3ac Bd; ede lodi Celastrus annamenssis, Fimbristylis oblonga, Pandanus odoratissimiis var. vietnamensis, trudc xep la dae hti'u Trung Bd. Nhu vay, vdi 3 loai dac huu Trung Bd, ciing vdi ydi td chdu A nhiet ddi giu' vai tro quan trgng ttai vung khd ndng IN inh Thuan, yen td nay dirng thu hai [21), he thuc vdt Bach Long Vy kha gan giii vdi vimg khd ndng ciia Trung Bg ho'n Id khu vuc ndi dja Bde Vjd "Mam,
b. Tdi nguven Ihue vdt
Co 329 lodi cd icn (ke ca ioai tu nhien vd cay trdng) tren 365 ioai chiem 90%o sd loai thuc vat cd d dao thude cac nhdm cdng dung sau;
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S • Ha Ndi, 2010 j069
VIEN DIA L-r - VltK KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
- Cdv cho luang thuc. rau, thuc pham. ca\' dn qud, gia vi la nhdm cay quan trgng nhat ciia ddo. qu>lt dinh din ddi song ciia nhdn dan. cd 119 loai, chiem 32% sd lodi;
- Cdy cho go. \'dt lieu xdy dung, chat dot, dd gia dung, nguyen lieu Idm gidy, sgi gdp phin dn djnh ddi sdng nhan dan, tao nen cho thdm thuc vat phdt trien ben viing, tdng dij' tru nauon nude tren ddo, cung cdp thirc an cho sinh vat ven bd, cd 76 lodi, chicm 21%;
- Cdv cho thirc dn gia sire tao dieu kien phdt trien chdn nudi, cd 97 lodi, 26%;
- Cdv thuoc; bdo ve sire khoe, ban die ehi phi dieu trj do di lai, 240 lodi, 65%;
- Cdy cdnh. cd\ bdng mdt. hoa. hang rdo. bai cd ed gid trj cdi tao mdi trudng d, ddm bcdo sire khoe. ndng cao gid trj cudc sdng. 68 lodi. 19%;
- Cdc ca> khac (cdy cho ta nanh, chat nhudm. cdy cho dau. dau an, nhua, tinh dau thorn, Ihudc sdu sinh hgc. phan xanh, nudi lain, nudi mgc nhT...) ddi vdi ddo chimg it cd gid trj trong thuc tai nhung cd the su dimg ve sau ndy khi cd dieu kien. cd 50 lodi, 14%.
Cd 58 lodi cho rau gdm 28 lodi rau trdng, 8 lodi cay trdng d nhdm khac vd 22 lodi lu nhien cd the ldn diiiig. Cdc cdy ran trdng truyen thdng gdm ca rau miia ddng, mail he. tuong tir nlur edc loai rau d ddng bdng Bac Bd, clui yeu Id rau can, trdng tap trung Irong cdc vudn dugc chdn gid. Lugng rau dii dimg (trong lOlia nha lan vudn, nam 2002, ddn trdng dugc 80 tan, qudn ddi thu hoach 60 tan [11]) nbung chat lugng chua cao. lhii;u cdc locii ran cao cdp de bdn cho tdu thuyen. Nude thdi sinh boat tlurdng tan dung tudi vdo miia khd ed the gay tich dgng mdt sd chat nguy hiem trong rau. Cdc lodi cay trdng d nhdm khde vd lodi rau hoang dai ed trir lugng nhd, kbdng cd lodi cho chit lugng ddc sac. Hudng sir dung; trudc mat can tdng sd lugng rau tren ca sd gia ed hang rdo chdng gid. ldng cudng pbii ludng ban die bdc hai nude; king chcdl lugng rau bdng tudi nude sach bang cdch xdy cae be tudi hung nude mua; lodi Dau vdn cho rau vd bdt gidu dinh dudng mgc hoang dai chirng td chimg thich irng tot vdi ddo cin gcdy trong ldng rdi. Trong tuong lai, vice trdng rau trong nba kinh vdi quy trinh sach, nang suit cao. cd the tiet kidu nude hon. ngodi su dung true tilp cdn cd thi cung irng cho cdc tdu di bidi. Hidi nang sudt rau nhd kinh thu nghidn d Ha Ndi dat 200-300 lin/ha/ndm [8].
Cdc cd\' ldm gia vj cd 25 lodi gom 19 lodi cay gia vj trdng, 2 lodi cdy trdng thugc nhdm kbdc vd 2 lodi hoang dai cd thi tan dung. 3 loai Ccdy trdng vd 1 lodi lu nhien cho qud nau canh chua. Cdy gia vj ddp irng dii cho cudc song nhung gid kj hang hda khdng Ccao. Ccdy Me dugc trong liy bdng mdt. thich hgp vdi khi hau khd, dcdu qua nhilu vdi chat lugng tdt, can tang sd lugng Ccdy dgc cdc dudng; Cay Mc rung mgc hoang dai cho trdi dn dugc (chua 350 mg vitamin C/g, nhilu gip ban 20 lin lugng vitamin C ciia djch qud Cam) cimg ed Ihl gay trong liy qua nau canh d nha va di biln.
Ccd\ dn qua ed 24 lodi, gdm 19 lodi cay <dn qua trong, 3 loai cay trong thugc nhdm kbdc vd 2 loai hoang dai. Cac cay thip nhu Dua hiu (giong Ikdc My Nhdn), Na, Dira (gidng Cajen, Vdn Nam), Khi, Du du trdng trong vudn khuit gid cho qud binh Ihudng; cdc edy cao nhu Xodi, Mudm. Nhan. Hong xiem, Trung ga, Chuoi, Dira vd cdc cay ddi hdi ky thuat cao nhu Cam, Vdi cho ndng suit thip. Fludng sir dung; tap trung trong Cede lodi edy Dua hiu, Dira. Du du thich ung vdi dilu kidi ciia ddo, cho nang suit eao gdp phdn ndng cao ddi sdng cua ddn vd chiln sy tren ddo.
Cdy cho nude udng, gidi khcdt cd 14 lodi, gdm 12 loai cay trdng, 2 lodi hoang dai CO the tan dung. Cdy cho nude udng thdng dung nhu Che, Voi tren ddo khdng cd;
^ai^hM^dung che nude gidi khdt nhu Sau, Mirdp ddng (che uong dang khd), Dau nanh,
Hdi nghi lOioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Ha Ndi, 2010 1070
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NA?4 i"30I £5!A LY VIET NAM
Chanb, Cam, Qudt, Dira, Mia, Himg que (hat dimg chtS nude gidi khdt), Sdn dcdy, Diiu xanh deu ed sdn lugng thdp; cdy hoang dai Cam tludo day, Rau nid cd the idn thu. Nhu cdu nude gidi khdt tren dao khd ldn niurng deu do dat lien cung cap. Hudng su dung;
cay Dira cd the Irdng md rdng d bdc them thdp can dugc bdo ve (ndm 2003 trdng 600 cay niurng bj ddn bd phd het); Sdn ddy Id cay ed Iricn vgng nhdt vi cluing mgc hoang dai khd tdt, trdng cd ehdm sdc se cho ndng sudi cao; Ddu xanh cd the trong ludn canh vdi ede cdy ngdn ngdy khde; cdy Cam llido ddy cd ilie tan thu che bien thdnh ludng hda.
Cay cho luong Ihiic ed 13 lodi trong dd ed Khoai lang, Sdn Id cay chinh, cdn lai Id cdc cdy Ihudc nhdm tliirc phdm cho tinh bgt. Sdn lugng luong llurc khdng ddng ke.
clura ddp ung dugc nhu cdu ciia dan vd phdt trien chan nudi. Khd ndng pbdl trien cay lu'O'ng tlurc khd vi thieu nude vd ddt.
Cdy tlurc phdm cho sdn phdm che bien thdnh mdn dn cd 15 lodi trong dd Vung, Lac, Ddu luo'ng, Dau xanh, Khoai sg, Khoai vac, Cii tir Id quan trgng hon cd. Sdn lugng nhdm cdy ndy ciiiig khdng ddng ke. Nhu cdu sir dimg khd ldn vd chii yen nhap tu ddt lien. Nhdm cay ndy can phdt trien tren ddo trong cdc vudn bay tren bcdc them, ludn canh bode xen canh vdi cdc edy rau, cdy dn qud.
Cdy cho chat nhudm tlurc phdm chi cd 4 lodi. Cae chat nhudm mdn dn chii )eu Idy tir ddt lien. Cung can phdt trien them mdt sd loai, hudng ddn cdch cbe bien chdt nhudm thirc phdm tir thuc pham thay cho chdt nhudm hod bge, trdnh ngo ddc tlurc an.
Cay cho hiro'iig lieu udp thuc phdm cd 2 lodi vd it su dung.
Cay cho gd cd 57 lodi, gdm 6 lodi cdy Irdng chinh nhu Phi lao, cdc lodi Bcieli ddn, cdc lodi Keo Id trdm, Xoan, 12 lodi cdy bdng mdt, 15 lodi dn qud thdn gd, 25 lodi cay gd tu nhien mgc trong cdc trdng cdy bui. Cdc lodi Phi lao, Keo, Bach dan dugc trdng tap Irung thdnh rirng (ndm 1998 cd I8ha, nam 2006 da dat dugc 50ha; rirng tdt cao >8m, khep tan), sinh trudng tdt. Rung trdng thdnh cdng ngodi cdc gidng cay phii hgp dieu kien sinh thdi cdn do bdo qudn tdt. Xoan duge trdng rdi rdc trong edc vuon.
Viec cung cap khd dcdy du vat lieu xdy dung, dd diing, chat ddt than, ga lu dcdt lien ra ddo da ban che khai thdc cay gd. Tap doan cay bdng mat, cdy dn qud thdn gd dugc ldng cudng vl lodi, sd lugng cung ldm tdng lugng gd cua dcdo. Sau 15 ndm (1993-2008). mdt sd lodi nhu Mil u, Sen, tdng trudng khd nhanh, tir Ccdy biii cao l-2m nay cao >8in.
dirdng kinh >30cm; lodi Mdc chdu nhieu hoa phdn bd Cede sudn, Tra Idm cheo phdn bd o cdc bac tbim diu tang nhanh sd cdc the. Khd ndng tdi sinh rung d Bach kong Vy Id rdt khd quan. Tren ddo cdn cd mdt sd lugng ldn cdc lodi cdy bui ddp ung du nhu cdu ldm cdn cudc, xeng, cge vudn, cdn bia bdn siing; cdc lodi cd Igp nhd tam, chudng gia sue, hang rdo chdn gid cho vudn rau. Trong thai gian vdi ehuc nam tdi, viec phuc hdi, gcdy dirng ngudn cay gd cua ddo van Id cdp thiet. Ngoai cung cdp vat lieu lam nhd, dd dimg cho cac thi he tuo'ng lai, Ccdy gd cdn dn djnh, cdi thien dan mdi trudng, tcTO cdnh quan xanh mdt, tang kha nang phdng ve qudn sir, tang do trfr am nude, tao dieu kien phdt trien tai nguyen sinh Vcdt tren ddo vd viing bien ke Ccdn.
Cay ldm thirc an cho vdt nudi cd 97 lodi, gdm 55 lodi cd hoang dai hg Flda thdo, Cdi; 29 lodi trong ede hg khcdc, 5 lodi cay gd ngodi ra la Ccdc cay trdng thugc cdc nhdm luo'ng thugc, tliuc pbam, bdng mdt cd the tcdn dung Id. Trong sd edc lodi cd, cay Cd girng tcio thdnh dong ed rdng 30 ha gan nhu thuan lodi Id ngudn thirc an chinh ciia ddn bd d dao. Cdc cay gd cung cap thirc an cho Hirou, De cd khoang tren 10 lodi. Tap dodn cay bg Dau cho ngudn thirc dn gidu dcTin rdt phong phu ve sd lodi va sd cd lh>S. trong dd
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&o - Hd Ngi, 2010 1071
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN K.HOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L-r VIET NAM
cd s i n dd} mgc phd bien, cung cap Id nudi Thd; la Keo dau cd the ii cung cap cho Ga mdt lugng ldn thiic an nhung chua su dung. Rau nudi Ign gdm Rau mudng bien \ a cdc locii rau dn thiia. Ngudn thiic an tinh cua Ga, Lgn deu nhap tir dat lien. Tren ddo hien cd 150-200 con bd. vai chuc con Lgn, khodng mot ngan Ga, vai chuc con Thd. Thjt khdng cung cip dil cho nhu cau thudng nhap tii' dat lien. Can phat trien chan nudi dl cdi thien tdt hon ddi sdng, tdng thu nhap cho dan tren ddo, tao ngudn phan huu ca bdn cho cay trdng. Ddo cd mdi trudng thuan Igi nhiet do kbdng thap, khd rdo, it benh djch (nlu cd dl kilm sodt), cd the tan dung ngudn thirc an tir rong bien, san pbam phij ciia ehl biln hdi san. Cin xdy dung ddng cd chuyen canh (ndng suat 200-300 tan/ha/nam) mdi phat triln so lugng gia siic. Cd the nudi mdt sd lugng Huou dang ban hoang da.
Nhdm cdy thuoc cd 240 loai chiem. Tuy ed sd lugng loai ldn nhung chi cd mot sd lodi cd sd lugng ca the tuong ddi ldn va cd the xem nhu ngudn duge lieu cd thi phdt trien thdnh hang hod. 5 lodi dugc khai thdc lam dugc lieu cd Achyranlhes aspera, Abulion indicum, Jasminiim spl (ddn ggi Id Kim ngdn), Passiflora foetida, Pandanus odoralissiinus var. vietnamensis. Cae lodi ed tru lugng ldn va cd the khai thdc d dao cd Abrus precalorius. Datura metel, Vilex rolundifolia, Telrasligma strumarium. Cdc loai hoang dai cd gid tri nen gdy trdng; Asparagus cochinchinensis, Laimaea sarmentosa, Boerhaviu diffusa.
Cdy bdng mdt, cdnh cd 68 lodi. Dai da sd mdi di thuc ra dao. Viec chgn Ccdc cay bdn dja (Phong ba, Bim, Bim mdt budng. Mil u, Bdi Idi nhdt, Hdc chau nhilu hoa. Ma trd Wghit, Sen bdn nbj, Sen hdi) trdng dgc cdc tuyen dudng tao nen net dep rieng ciia ddo cdng Id cdn thiet, Cae cay Rudi, 6 rd, Hoa giay cd the gay trdng thanh cay hang rdo, chan gid a khu vuc canh tdc. Cay canh, hoa chii yeu do dit liln cung cip, Viec gdy trdng tren ddo llurdng that bai.
Cdc lodi cay ldm phan xanh cdi tao dcit kha phd biln (Cd Lao, Xoan, Sin day, edc loai Ddu. cdc lodi rong bien ...). Cin phd biln each dimg chimg dl cdi tao dit, ban che bde hoi nude, ban cbe sir dung phan hda hgc tao nen cac thiic pham sach, gidm chi phi. Cdc cd)' dimg ldm thude sau sinh hgc, nhudm vai, tanin, nudi Mdc nhT, ehl diu an, dau cdng nghiep, tinb dau, dude cd khdng cd nhilu va chua sii' diing.
3. THAM THlTC VAT
a. Tren viing trieu (bao gdm phidn lluip ciia ddo, ngap Iridu dinh ky)
Trang cd tren bai cat ngap trieu phan bo d Tay Nam dao, cd do che phii thua thdt. ehi gap Ipomoeapes-caprae (Rau mudng biln), Cyperus stoloniferiis (Cu biln).
Riing ngap man ed mdt ddi hep (rdng 4-5m, dai 300-400m) d phia Bdc ddo, cao l-2m, che phii 30-40%, tren nen da lin dit, vdi uu thi eiia Lumnilzera lillorea (Cge dd).
Cdc cay gd khde cd Excoeraria agallocha (Gid, sdt bd), Aviceimia marina (Mim); cay bin: Clerodendron inerme (Vcing hdi); Cede lodicd; Sesuvium porlukicaslriim (Phien bach), Atripex horlensis (Rau sam biln), Fimbristylis aeslyvalis (Cdi quan be), F.
subbispicala (Mao thu gie), Sporobuliis iremelus (Xa tu rung), Zoya malrella (Cdng cdng). So \di ndm 1993, rimg cd xu hudng md rdng dien tich.
Trang cd chju ngap nu'o'c man mdi hinh thdnh d Tay Bic dao rdng vai tram m", cao 0,5-0,8ni, che plui kin vdi uu thi Scirpus fimcoides (Cdi diii bic) lin Marisciis javauiciis (Ldc Java).
1073 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S-Hd Ngi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN K H O C N VIET KAM HOS DIA L"Y VIET NAM
b. O vung ihup ven bidn (cd be rdng khoung vdi chuc met, dnh iir inep iridu cao nhcit) Trang cd tren dun cat di dong cao l-2in, che phu tiro'iig ddi kin vdi uu the Spinifex liilorcus (Co ldng chdng), Cenchnis hrow-nii (Cudc), cdn cd Blumeci sp. (Dai bi), Fimbristylis ferriigineu (Mao Ihu set), F. lasinphylla (Mao thu ldng), F. quinqiieingiiluris, F.
sericea, Setaria viridis (Dudi chdn xanh), Sporobuhis Iremelus (Xa tu rung); cay bui; Vilex rotiindifoliu, Calharanthus roseus (Dira can), Opuntia dillenii (Xuo'iig rdng ba); cay ky sinh Cassytha filiform is (To xanh) khd nhieu; day leo ed Ipomoea aff macranlha (Bim boa to).
Trang cay bui tren dun cat dn dinh cd dien tich nhd (lan can dun cat di ddng) d phia Nam ddo cao 2-4in, che plui kin vdi uu the eua cay bui cd gai Caesalpinia bondiic (Mdc meo), cdn cd Dodonucu viscosa (Chdnh ddnh), Aspurugus cochinchinensis (1 hien mdn ddng), Phong ba (tlurdng cd d bd dd, cao 3-5m, chung td dun cdt mdi hinh thdnh vd dn djnh; cdc lodi cd: Kalunchoe pinnulu (Thude bdng), Pycreus globosus (Cdi true ddi boa cau); ddy leo: Secumone elliplica (Rg bdu due), Secamone sp. (Rg).
Triing cay bui tren bai da phdn bd d bd ddng ddo khd bdng phdng bj dnh hudng cua nude man do trieu cao hay tir dudi ldp dd viin. Trang cao l-2m, che phu 50- 60%, gdm ede lodi thich irng vdi khd ban hay dcdt lUcdn. Cd 2 qudn xa dien hinh vdi uu the lodi; Scaevola taccada (Hep) cao l-2m, che phii kin, tren nen dd cue ehii yen Id san hd; Colubrina asiutica (Leo mat) eao lin, die phii kin, tren nen dd eiic cdt, bdt ket. Cdc lodi cay bui khde; Pandanus odoratissimus var. vietnamensis (Dira Viet), Opuntia dillenii, Gymnosporia diversifolia, Caesalpinia crista (Diep xoan), Phong ba (tren nen san hd viin), Premna sp. (Cdch), Vilex sp. (Binh linh), Thien mdn ddng; cdc lodi ed cd Phien beach, Wedelia biflora (Fldi ciic), Rau sam bien, Lindernia aniipoda (Cdc mdn);
ddy leo; Canavuliu culhulicu, C. lineata, C. maritima (Ddu bien), Lablab pupureus subsp. pupureus (Ddu vdn), Vignu marina, nai cd cdt gap Periploca sp. (Chu dang), Rg bau due; cdc cay go; Hibiscus liliaceiis, Thesperiapopiilnea (Tra bd de ) d noi cd lach nude nggt chcdy ra bien; cay ky sinh; Ciiscula chinensis (Ta hdng Trung Qudc), To xanh. Tren ede vdch dd cr bd Tdy thucing gap qudn xa Dira Viet cao 3-5m, che phu kin.
c. Trdn cdc bdc them (cao 4-5m vd 10-12m, diu hinh khd bdng phdng)
Tniiig cay bui thir sinh tren phu sa cd che phii khd kin, gdm cdc lodi cay bui cao 2-4ni nlur Streblus asper (Ruoi), Plucheapteropoda (Lire, Ciic tdn), Ccipparis spl (Cap), Glyptopelalum euonymoides, Streblus ilicifolia ( 6 rd), Ligiislrum sp. (Ram), Morinda iimbellata (Nhau tdn); cdc Ccdy gd eao 5-10m mgc rdi rac: Crateva magna (Bim), C. umlocularis, CalophyUimi inophyllum (Mil u) khd phd bien, Leucaena leiicocephala (Keo giau); day leo nbieu gdm Cynanchiim urticulosum (Sdt khuyen tiii), GymnaiUheru oblonga, Hemidesmus indiciis (Ban trang), Celuslriis annamenssis, Meremia hederacea (Bim hoa vdng), Telrasligma pachyphyllum (Day ddt).
Trang cd thii' sinh tren phii sa c6 cao 0,5-1 m, che phii 80-90%, thdnh phdn lodi hd tap, gdm cac lodi cd trong hg Poaceae (Hda thdo); hloris barbala (Cd mat), Chrysopogon aciculatus (Cd may), Coelorachis sp., Cynodon dactylon (Cd gd), Dadlyloclenium aegypliacum, Digdaria bicornis, D. ciliaris (Tiic hinh ria), D.
violescens (Cd chi tim), Eragrostis elongala (Cd bdng hoa ket), E. tenellu (Xudn thao manh), Eremochloa ciliaris (Ban thdo ria), Eriochloa procera, Heleropogon contortus (Dj thdo van), Lophatherium grcicile (DTnh ban manh), Rhynchelylriim repens (Hdng nliimc'), Schizctchyrium brevifolium (Cd tiet phirgng), Setaria geniculata (Cd sau rdm), 5. glaiica (Cd dudi chd); hg Cyperaceae (Cdi); Cyperus citspidatus. Fimbristylis
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc Ian thir S - Ha Ndi, 2010 1073
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
oblonga. Pycreus sulcinux (Cii trdi cd ranh); trong cdc hg khac; Abulion indicum (Cdi xav). Achyranlhes aspera (Cd xude). Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb. (Rau khuc Nludl).
Lacluca sp. (Rau diip dai), Tridax procumbens (Cue mui). Synostemon bacciformis (Ngdt biln qud map), Alysicarpus vaginalis, Indigofera hirsula (Cham ldng). Mimosa piidica (Mic cd). Malvaslrum coromandelianum (Hoang manh), Sida acuta (Bdi nhgn), S. cordifolia, S. mysorenssis, S. rhombifoliu (Ke hoa vang), Hedyolis biflora (An diin), H. corymhosu (Cdc mdn); cdc lodi phat tdn manh theo ngudi, cay trdng hoang dai hda.
Trang cay bui, lan co thii sinh tren cat phong thanh cao 0,5-2m, che phii 70- 80%. gom cdc cd)' bui Ccipparis sepiaria (Cdp hang rao), Saiiropus quadrangularis (Bd nadt vudng). Senna occidenlalis (Mudng lay), Abrus precalorius (Cam thao day), Severinia monophylla; cae lodi ed Emilia sonchifolia (Rau ma tia), Laimaea surmeniosa (Sa sam). Ciie mui. Sebastiana chamaeleu, Glinus loloides (Rau dang Idng), G.
opposilifolius. Boerhaviu diffusa (Sdm ddt), B. erecla (Nam sam dung), Porlulaca olereicea (Sam), P. quadrifida (Sam nhd). Hedyolis sp. (An dien), Cdc mdn. Datura melel (Cd ddc dugc hoa trang), Wcdiheriu americana (Hoang tien). Phyla nudifora (Lire dd}'), Mao thu sd, Mao thu ldng. Mao thu 5 Ccanh, Cd qudn ldng to', Cd bdng hoa ket, Dudi chdn xanh, Xa Ui rung; ddy leo cd Cynunchum s p l , sp2, (Sdt khuyen). Cdc lodi dac trung cho ddt man ciing cd mat vdi sd lugng dang ke gdm Hep, Rau mudng bidi. Binh linh xoan, Glinus loloides (Rau dang Idng), G. opposilifolius (Rau dang ddt).
Trang cd thii' sinh chju ngap nu'dc ngot phan bd tren dja hinh trung thdp vdi nude dgng trong nuia mua. Trdng cd cao 0,5-1m, che phii kin vdi uu the eiia Panicum repens (Cd guiig). Cdc lodi cd kbdc: Chrislella parasitica. Eclipta alba, Grctngea maderaspatana (Rau cdc), Heliotropium indicum (Vdi voi), Oxalis corniculala, Fimbristylis merrillii (Mao thu Merril), Kyllinga brevifolia, Pycreus pumilus, Echinochloa crus-gah (Cd Idng vuc nude), Lsachne globosa, Panicum walensse (Ke cao), Paspalum paspaloides (San nude), Urochloapanicoides var. V(?/i^//7;(7(VTthdo ke).
Quan xa thuy sinh nu'd'c ngot cd didi tich vdi chuc m^ tren dia the triing noi cd trdng ed chju ngap nude nggt vdi lodi thuy sinh chim Ceralophyllum demersum (Kim ngu), thdn cam vao biin Id ndi ed Nymphaea nouchali (Siing lam), thiiy sinh ndi;
Ceralopteris ihaliclroides (Rau can trdi). Ven vimg trung c6 Cyperus exallalus (Cdi U du cao) cao l-l,5in vd cdc lodi cd kbdc Mursilea qiiaclrifnlia (Rau bg thudng), Rau edc, Ludwigiaprostata (Rau muong dung), Rau cin trdi mgc thuin lodi.
d. Tren sudn vd dinh
/""•~ Trang cay bui thir sinh tiio thdnh ede mdng nhd rdng vai chuc in", phdn bd rai rdc, cd do che phii kin vdi cac cay bui eao 2-4ni cd hinh thai thich irng vdi khd bean:
Carmona microphylla (Ciim rum Id nhd), Capparis sp2, (Cap), Xam cdnh dang chdn danh, Lod chdu bien, Mdc meo, Lndigcfera sp (Cham), Urena lobata (Ke hoa ddo), Madura cochinchinensis (Gai mang). 6 rd, Jasminum sp. (dan ggi la Kim ngan), Cansjeru rheedii (Son cam bic, cd gai), Nhau tdn, Psychotria montana (Lau niii), Helicleres anguslifolia var. glaucoides (Dd mdc), Wikslroemia indica (Dd milt An Do), Agave sp. (Dira sgi, mgc thdnh ddm). Cdc cdy gd cao 4-8m cd Bim, Bim mdt budng, Celastrus sp. (Hdi dong), Phylhmlhus emhlica (Me rirng), Ldsea glulinosa (Bdi Idi nhdl). Fieus superba var. japonica (Rau sop), F. t.sjahela (Sung bit nu). Myrsine linearis (Xcdy hep), Phlo.sporwn brevicalyx (Khuy do), P. floribiincliim (Hie chdu nhilu hoa). Rhaphiolcpis indicu (Sin dirong). C. aff telrundra (Slu bdn nbj). C. limorenssis
1074 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan cjud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi. 2010
VIEN a i A LY - VIEN KHOCN V?.i^,T NAM HOI DIA LY V I E T NAM
(Sen hdi). Cdc lodi cd cao <lni: Microlepia hookeriuna (Rdng vi Idn Hooker), Nephrolepis cordifoliu (Rdng mdng trdu hinh tim), Taclehagi iriqueinim (Cd binh), Bdi nhgn, Bdi trdng, Bai chiim, Ke hoa vdng, Solcmiim procumbens (Cd gai leo), Soluniim sp. (Cd gai); cd cao >lni; Scleria lonkinensis (Cd cuong ldng), Phi-agmiles karku (Scdy mii). Ddy leo nbieui gdm lygodium fexuosum (Bdng bong lat leo), L. scanclens (Bong bong bd), Scdt khuyen liii, Gymnema silveslre (Loa ty rung), Toxocurpus sp. (Tien qud), Ipomoea pes-ligridis (Bim chdn cgp), Cocculus sp. (Hd eau), Pericumpylus glaucus (Ddy chdu ddo), Pussiflora fuel idu (Lcac lien), Pueeleria scundens (Ran ma leo), Telrasligma strumarium (Ddy qiiai bj), Telrasligma spl, sp2, Vilis bulunsaeuuu (Nho dcai), Helerosmilcix gaitdichaudiana (Khiic khac). So vdi nam 1993, didi tich trdng Ccdy bui tdng len rd ret; cdc cay gd tang cd the vd chieu eao.
Tning cd thii' sinh phd bien vdi 2 qudn xa: Imperuta cylinelrica (Cd tranh) cao 1- l,5in che plui kin tren dat khd dcdy vd Puerruriu montana var. chinensis (Sin day) lodi day leo nhung mgc bd phii kin ddt tao thanh mang rdng. Cac loai cd khde it vd khdng nhieu cd Ihi:; Bidens pilosa (Dan budi), Elephcmtopiis scciher (Ciic chi thien), Eupalorium oeloraliim (Cd Ldo), Ciic mui, Flodng manh, Bdi nhgn, Bdi trang, Bdi chum, Kc hoa vdng, Ngu sac, Cdi nuii cong, Cd ehi hai sirng. Trie hinh ria, Digitaria longifloru (Cd chi boa ddi), Dj thdo van, DTnh bdn nidnh, Cd tiet phugng, Cd sdu rdm.
e. Ccic qudn xd cdy Irdng
Rii'ng trdng: Casuurinu equiselifolia (Phi lao) la edy trdng chinh, tap trung tren sudn vd dinh, hien sinh trudng tdt; Acacia spp. (cae lodi Keo), Eucalyptus spp. (cdc lodi Biieh ddn) cd dien tich nhd, deu cd khd ndng thdnh cdng. Nen trdng Keo de tdng nhanh do phii vd cdi tcao nen dat. Trong khu ddn cu cd tap doan cay cho rau, qua, bdng mat, ciinh.
4. KET LUAN
Thuc vdt bdc cao d ddo Biich Long Vy ed 365 lodi ciia 266 chi, trong 101 hg thude 3 ngdnb Dirong xi, Hat trdn vd Fkal kin. Thuc vdt tir nhien cd 225 lodi, thugc 166 chi, trong 64 hg, thugc 2 ngdnb Duong xi. Hat kin. l..oai cdy trdng Idu ddi cd 149 lodi, cdng vdi 3 lodi lir nhien gay trdng ndng tdng sd cay trdng len 152 lodi.
Ngdnb Duo'iig xi cd 9 lodi chiem 4% sd lodi; ngdnb Hat kin cd 216 lodi chiem 96%. Ty le sd lodi ciia Idp llai Id mdm/ldp Mdt Id mdm la 2,9. Trung binh mdi chi cd 1,3 loai; mdi hg cd 3,5 lodi va 2,6 chi. 10 hg cd nhieu loai nhdt ed 139 lodi. chiem 61,8% sd lodi eiia ddo; hg Poaceae gidu lodi nhdt (39 lodi) chiem I 7,3% sd lodi. Cdc chi nhieu lodi; Fimbristylis, 8 lodi; Digitaria, 5 lodi; 3 chi cd 4 lodi: Cyperus. Sida.
Tetrcisligmu; Thirc vat ddo cd 2 lodi thugc Sdch dd Viet Nam: .Irgusiu argentea, lumnilzera lillorea. 2 lodi bd sung cho danh luc thuc vdt V i d Nam: Glyptopelulum euonymoides, Pitlosporum breviculyx; bd sung 3 lodi cdn nghi ngd cd d Vid Nam:
Hemidesmus indiciis, Tetrcisligmu pcichyphylhmu Digiluriu sungiiinalis.
Phd dang sdng; 'Phanerophyles cd 75 lodi, chiem 33,3% tdng so lodi;
Chamaephytes, 31 lodi, 13,8%; Heinier}'ptophytes, 49 lodi, 21,8%; Cryptophytes, 17 lodi, 8,0%; Therophytes, 48 lodi, 21,3%; khdng .Xcde djnh 5 loai, 2,2%.
14 ylu to dja ly thuc Vcdl cua he thuc vat gdm; chau A nhid ddi cd 52 lodi-23,1%; co nhiet ddi; 40-17,8%; tan nhiet ddi-lien nhiet ddi; 30-13,3%; phcdn bd rdng; 18-8,0%; An Do;
16-7,1%; di cu hien chai; 10-4,4%; chdu A;9-4%; Hai Nam-Dai Loan-Philippin: 7-3,1%; Nam
Hgi ng-hi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&o - Ha Ngi, 2010 1075
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L"Y VIET NAM
Tmng Qudc: 6-2,7%; Ddng A; 5-2,2%; Ddng Duong; 4-1,8%; dac bun cd 4-1,8%;
Indonexia-Malaixia-Ue Dai Duong: 2-0,9%; dn ddi bic; 1-0,4%; chua xac djnh 21-9,3%.
Cd 329 loai cd ich chilm 90% sd loai, gdm; 58 loai cho rau, 25 loai cho gia vj, 24 lodi cho qua, 14 loai cho nude uong, 13 loai cho luong thuc, 15 loai thuc pham. 4 loai cho chit nhudm tlurc phim, 57 lodi cho gd, 97 loai lam thirc an vat nudi, 240 loai cay thude, 68 lodi cd} cdnh va bdng mdt.
Tham thuc vat khd da dang theo nIn dit, bao gom cac dan vi; tren vimg Iriiu cd trang cd tren bdi cat ngap trilu, rirng ngap man, trang cd chju ngap nude man; vimg Ihdp v^n bien ed trang cd tren dun eat di ddng, trang cay bui tren dun cat dn djnh, trang cay bui tren bai dd; Iren cdc bdc ihem gdm trang cay bui, trang cd thir sinh tren phii sa cd, trang cay bui, lin cd thu' sinh tren cdt phong thanh, trang cd thu' sinh chiu ngap nude nggt, quin xa thiiy sinh nude nggt; Iren .swan vd dinh ed trang cay bui, trdng cd thu' sinh: cdc quim xd cdy trdng chi ed rung trdng va cac cay trdng cho rau, qua, bdng mat.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Le Trin Chin vd nnk., 1999; Mdl sd ddc diim ciia he thuc vdi Viet Nam. Nxb, KHKT. HdNdi.
2. Le Trin Chin, 2001; Gdp phdn nghien ciin mdl so dgc diem ca bdn ciig he llurc vdt vimg khd hgn hai linh Ninh Thucgn-Binh Thiigu TN&MT. Nxb.KHKT, Ha Ndi.
3. Trinh Dzanh, 1996; Chrono-ecological vegetative assemblage and historical development of Neogen and Neogen-Qiialernaiy floras of Vietnam. Paleobotanist 45 4. Nguyin Tiin Hai, Karl Slattegger, 2005: Tiin hod doi ven bien, dao dgng muc mi&c vd qua
trinh tich tu vdt lieu luc nguyen (pint sa) trong Holoxen & them luc dia vinig bien giua chdu thd Mekong vd Nlia Trang, Ddng Nam Viet Nam. D I an Hgp kic theo Nghj dinh thu Viet Nam- CHLB Due. VKHVN. Vien Dja chit va Dia vat ly biln. Ha Ndi.2005.
5. Vidi Quy hoach Hdi Phdng, 1991; Liiidn chiing kinh ti ky thuat xdy dung huyen ddo Bgch Long Vy.
6. UBNDTPHP, Sd KHvCN, Vien NHTN, 2004; Bdo cdo torn lid kit qud thirc hien ciu dn: "Xdy dung md hinh iing dung KHCN de phdt Irien cdy dn qud, Irdng rau nhdm gdp phdn xdy dung huyen ddo Bgch Long Vy, Hdi Phdng"
1076 Hdi nghi JChoa hoc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&5- Hd Ndi, 2010
